JP3627484B2 - Tin or tin alloy electroplating bath and electroplating method using the same - Google Patents

Tin or tin alloy electroplating bath and electroplating method using the same Download PDF

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JP3627484B2
JP3627484B2 JP34507697A JP34507697A JP3627484B2 JP 3627484 B2 JP3627484 B2 JP 3627484B2 JP 34507697 A JP34507697 A JP 34507697A JP 34507697 A JP34507697 A JP 34507697A JP 3627484 B2 JP3627484 B2 JP 3627484B2
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Prior art keywords
tin
tin alloy
bath
electroplating bath
glass
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JP34507697A
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JPH10306396A (en
Inventor
多通夫 国司
直人 広瀬
有 徳田
正則 遠藤
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Murata Manufacturing Co Ltd
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Murata Manufacturing Co Ltd
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Description

【0001】
【発明の属する技術分野】
本発明は電子部品のメッキ工程に用いられる錫又は錫合金電気メッキ浴、およびそれを用いた電気メッキ方法に関するものである。
【0002】
【従来の技術】
通常、セラミック、ガラス、プラスチック等を素材とした電子部品には、その電極の半田濡れ性の向上等を目的として、錫もしくは錫合金メッキが施されるが、金属をメッキする場合とは異なり、様々な問題が発生する。
【0003】
例えば、一般的によく知られたホウフッ化浴、硫酸浴、有機スルホン酸浴等の強酸浴(pH1以下)を用いて、鉛ガラス被覆したIC部品やある種のセラミックを用いたチップ部品をメッキした場合、本来絶縁体であるガラスやセラミックにメッキが付くと言った現象が生じるものがある。
【0004】
【発明が解決しようとする課題】
かかる問題に対処するため、クエン酸、グルコン酸、ピロリン酸やこれらの塩等を使用したpH2〜pH10の浴(特公昭59−48875号、特公昭57−63689号、特公昭57−16192号)も検討されている。しかしながら、鉛ガラスやセラミックへのメッキ液の浸食は抑えられるものの、鉛ガラスやセラミック上への金属析出は完全には抑え切れていない。特に電流密度を高くした場合には顕著となる。
【0005】
本発明は上記のような問題点に鑑みてなされたもので、電子部品がメッキ液で浸食されることなく、且つ、電流密度を高くしても、絶縁体部への金属析出が起こらないような錫又は錫合金電気メッキ浴およびそれを用いた電気メッキ方法を提供することを目的とする。
【0006】
【課題を解決するための手段】
本発明は、上記の課題を解決するために錫又は錫合金電気メッキ浴およびそれを用いた電気メッキ方法を完成するに至った。
本願第1の発明の錫又は錫合金電気メッキ浴は、(1)第1錫塩、または第1錫塩と鉛、銅、亜鉛、コバルト、ニッケルの中から選ばれる少なくとも1種類の金属塩と、(2)錯化剤と、(3)光沢剤として、上記一般式[A]で示されるポリオキシエチレンアルキルアミンと、(4)pH3〜pH10とを具備することに特徴がある。
【0007】
また、本願第2の発明の錫又は錫合金電気メッキ浴においては、前記(2)の錯化剤は、クエン酸、グルコン酸、ピロリン酸、及びこれらの塩、またはグルコノラクトンのうち少なくとも1種類を用いることが好ましい。
【0008】
また、本願第3の発明の錫又は錫合金の電気メッキ方法は、上記の錫又は錫合金電気メッキ浴を用いて電子部品を電気メッキすることに特徴がある。
【0009】
【発明の実施の形態】
本願第1の発明の錫又は錫合金電気メッキ浴が上記のような構成により、本発明の目的を達成できる理由は次の通りである。
すなわち、以下のような現象(1)〜(2)を突き止め、下記の一般式で示されるような光沢剤(ポリオキシエチレンアルキルアミンもしくはポリオキシエチレンアルキルアミド)を加え、pH3〜pH10の錫又は錫合金電気メッキ浴が、上記課題に対して極めて有効となることを見い出した。
【0010】
(1)電子部品の構成材料であるセラミックやガラスの溶出は、pHに大きく依存し、特にpH2以下またはpH10以上の領域で顕著となる。
(2)絶縁体部への金属析出は、絶縁体部の浸食度合いと、メッキ浴の光沢剤の種類に大きく影響される。
【0011】
一般式[A]
【0012】
【化式3】

Figure 0003627484
【0013】
(ただし、Rは炭素数6〜18のアルキル基、m+nは2〜11の整数)
一般式[B]
【0014】
【化式4】
Figure 0003627484
【0015】
(ただし、Rは炭素数6〜18のアルキル基、m+nは2〜11の整数)。
【0016】
本願第1の発明で示される光沢剤が界面活性剤として上記課題に対して有効に作用する詳細な機構は明らかでないが、下記(1)〜(2)のような構造であることが上記金属析出の抑制に作用しているものと思われる。
(1)Rで示されるアルキル基がある程度の大きさを持つ(直鎖状の場合は炭素数8以上、環状の場合は炭素数6以上)。
(2)窒素原子が被メッキ物に対して接近でき、且つ、界面活性剤同士が密に詰まって吸着できるように、m+nで示されるエチレンオキサイド基の付加数が小さい(2〜16)。
【0017】
Rで示されるアルキル基は、炭素数6〜18、好適には12〜16であって、直鎖でも分岐を持っていてもまたは環状であっても良い。炭素数が6より小さい場合には抑制効果を失い、18より大きい場合には還元分解されやすくなる。
【0018】
上記光沢剤において、m、nで示されるエチレンオキサイド基の付加数は重要で、多過ぎる場合には、溶解性は高まるものの抑制効果が失われる。具体的な範囲としては、通常、m+nは11以下、より好ましくは4以下である。
【0019】
なお、光沢剤[B]は溶解度が低いため、m+nが少ない場合には、分散剤を併用してやる必要がある。よって、溶解度の点では上記一般式[A]の方が有利である。
【0020】
次に、上記光沢剤の添加量であるが、還元分解されにくい性質を持つため、有効範囲は極めて広い。ただ、多量に加え過ぎると気泡性が高くなるため作業上の問題が出てくる。このため、添加量は多くし過ぎないことが望ましく、通常、0.1〜20g/l、より好ましくは0.5〜5g/lである。
【0021】
本願第1の発明で用いられる錯化剤は、以下(1)〜(2)のような理由からメッキ浴がpH3〜pH10の領域内であれば、特に限定されない。
(1)ガラスやセラミックの浸食は、錯化剤種よりも浴のpHに影響される。
(2)ガラスやセラミック上への金属析出は、本発明によって示される光沢剤によって抑制される。
【0022】
本願第1の発明で用いられる金属塩は上記のような金属塩のうち少なくとも1種類であれば特に限定されない。
【0023】
本願第2の発明では上記の錯化剤を使用することがより好適であることを示している。
【0024】
次に、本発明を実施例に基づき、さらに具体的に説明するが、本発明はかかる実施例のみに限定されるものではない。
【0025】
【実施例】
表1に試料No.1〜試料No.11の組成とpHと浴温(℃)を示す。
【0026】
【表1】
Figure 0003627484
【0027】
また、表1の試料からなるメッキ浴を使用し、鉛ガラスを焼き付けた(3φ)5×5mmニッケル単板に電流密度(A/dm)とメッキ時間(min)を変えてメッキ処理した。そのときの鉛ガラスの浸食状態と鉛ガラス上へのメッキの付き方を表2に示す。
【0028】
なお、表2のガラス部の浸食の中で、○と示したものは浸食が観察されない状態を表し、△と示したものは僅かに浸食が観察される状態を表し、×と示したものははっきりと浸食が観察される状態を表している。また、表2のガラス部のメッキの中で、○と示したものはガラス上に金属析出がほとんど認められない状態を表し、△と示したものはガラス上に金属析出がわずかに認められる状態を表し、×と示したものはガラス上に著しい金属析出が認められる状態を表している。
【0029】
【表2】
Figure 0003627484
【0030】
表2からも明らかなように、試料9で示される強酸浴では、ガラス部の浸食もガラス部への金属析出も認められる。これに対し、試料10、11で示されるような弱酸性の浴では、ガラス部の浸食は抑えられるものの、電流密度が高くなった場合にはガラス部への金属析出が認められる。
【0031】
一方、試料1〜試料8で示される浴の場合、電流密度を高くしてもガラス部の浸食もガラス部への金属析出も認められない。
【0032】
なお、試料1〜8と試料9〜11で操作温度が異なるため、操作温度を25℃、60℃に変えて同様の実験を行ったが、40℃で得られた結果と同様の良好な結果が得られた。
【0033】
【発明の効果】
本発明を用いれば、電子部品がメッキ液で浸食されることなく、且つ、電流密度を高くしても、絶縁体部への金属析出が起こらないようにすることが可能である。[0001]
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
The present invention relates to a tin or tin alloy electroplating bath used in a plating process for electronic components, and an electroplating method using the same.
[0002]
[Prior art]
Usually, electronic parts made of ceramic, glass, plastic, etc. are plated with tin or tin alloy for the purpose of improving the solder wettability of the electrodes, but unlike when plating metal, Various problems occur.
[0003]
For example, using a well-known strong acid bath (pH 1 or less) such as a borofluoride bath, sulfuric acid bath, or organic sulfonic acid bath, IC components coated with lead glass or chip components using certain ceramics are plated. In such a case, there is a phenomenon in which the glass or ceramic, which is originally an insulator, is plated.
[0004]
[Problems to be solved by the invention]
In order to cope with such a problem, a bath having a pH of 2 to 10 using citric acid, gluconic acid, pyrophosphoric acid or a salt thereof (Japanese Patent Publication No. 59-48875, Japanese Patent Publication No. 57-63689, Japanese Patent Publication No. 57-16192) Has also been considered. However, although corrosion of the plating solution on lead glass or ceramic can be suppressed, metal deposition on lead glass or ceramic is not completely suppressed. This is particularly noticeable when the current density is increased.
[0005]
The present invention has been made in view of the above problems, so that electronic components are not eroded by the plating solution, and even if the current density is increased, metal deposition on the insulator portion does not occur. An object of the present invention is to provide a tin or tin alloy electroplating bath and an electroplating method using the same.
[0006]
[Means for Solving the Problems]
In order to solve the above problems, the present invention has completed a tin or tin alloy electroplating bath and an electroplating method using the same.
The tin or tin alloy electroplating bath according to the first invention of the present application comprises: (1) a first tin salt or a first tin salt and at least one metal salt selected from lead, copper, zinc, cobalt and nickel; , (2) and a complexing agent, as (3) brighteners, polyoxyethylene alkyl Amin represented by the general formula [a], is characterized in that it comprises a (4) pH3~pH10.
[0007]
In the tin or tin alloy electroplating bath of the second invention of the present application, the complexing agent of (2) is at least one of citric acid, gluconic acid, pyrophosphoric acid, and salts thereof, or gluconolactone. It is preferable to use a type.
[0008]
The tin or tin alloy electroplating method of the third invention of the present application is characterized in that an electronic component is electroplated using the above tin or tin alloy electroplating bath.
[0009]
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
The reason why the object of the present invention can be achieved by the above-described configuration of the tin or tin alloy electroplating bath of the first invention of the present application is as follows.
That is, the following phenomena (1) to (2) are ascertained, a brightener (polyoxyethylene alkylamine or polyoxyethylene alkylamide) represented by the following general formula is added, and tin having a pH of 3 to 10 or It has been found that a tin alloy electroplating bath is extremely effective for the above problems.
[0010]
(1) The elution of ceramics and glass, which are constituent materials of electronic components, greatly depends on pH, and is particularly remarkable in the region of pH 2 or lower or pH 10 or higher.
(2) Metal deposition on the insulator is greatly affected by the degree of erosion of the insulator and the type of brightener in the plating bath.
[0011]
Formula [A]
[0012]
[Formula 3]
Figure 0003627484
[0013]
(However, R is an alkyl group having 6 to 18 carbon atoms, m + n is an integer of 2 to 11)
General formula [B]
[0014]
[Formula 4]
Figure 0003627484
[0015]
(However, R is an alkyl group having 6 to 18 carbon atoms, and m + n is an integer of 2 to 11).
[0016]
Although the detailed mechanism in which the brightener shown in the first invention of the present application effectively acts on the above-mentioned problems as a surfactant is not clear, the metal has a structure as shown in (1) to (2) below. It seems to be acting to suppress precipitation.
(1) The alkyl group represented by R has a certain size (in the case of a straight chain, it has 8 or more carbon atoms, and in the case of a ring, it has 6 or more carbon atoms).
(2) The addition number of ethylene oxide groups represented by m + n is small (2 to 16) so that nitrogen atoms can approach the object to be plated and the surfactants are closely packed and adsorbed.
[0017]
The alkyl group represented by R has 6 to 18 carbon atoms, preferably 12 to 16 carbon atoms, and may be linear, branched or cyclic. When the number of carbon atoms is smaller than 6, the inhibitory effect is lost, and when it is larger than 18, reductive decomposition tends to occur.
[0018]
In the above-mentioned brightener, the number of additions of ethylene oxide groups represented by m and n is important. When the number is too large, although the solubility is increased, the suppressing effect is lost. As a specific range, m + n is usually 11 or less, more preferably 4 or less.
[0019]
Since the brightener [B] has low solubility, it is necessary to use a dispersant in combination when m + n is small. Therefore, the general formula [A] is more advantageous in terms of solubility.
[0020]
Next, although it is the addition amount of the said brightener, since it has a property which is hard to carry out reductive decomposition, the effective range is very wide. However, if too much is added, the air bubbles become higher, which causes operational problems. For this reason, it is desirable that the amount added is not excessive, and is usually 0.1 to 20 g / l, more preferably 0.5 to 5 g / l.
[0021]
The complexing agent used in the first invention of the present application is not particularly limited as long as the plating bath is in the range of pH 3 to pH 10 for the following reasons (1) to (2).
(1) The erosion of glass or ceramic is more influenced by the pH of the bath than the complexing agent species.
(2) Metal deposition on glass or ceramic is suppressed by the brightener shown by the present invention.
[0022]
The metal salt used in the first invention of the present application is not particularly limited as long as it is at least one of the above metal salts.
[0023]
The second invention of the present application shows that it is more preferable to use the above complexing agent.
[0024]
Next, the present invention will be described more specifically based on examples. However, the present invention is not limited to the examples.
[0025]
【Example】
In Table 1, Sample No. 1 to Sample No. 11 shows the composition, pH and bath temperature (° C.).
[0026]
[Table 1]
Figure 0003627484
[0027]
In addition, using a plating bath made of the sample of Table 1, plating was performed on a (3φ) 5 × 5 mm nickel single plate baked with lead glass while changing the current density (A / dm 2 ) and the plating time (min). Table 2 shows the erosion state of the lead glass and how the lead glass is plated.
[0028]
Of the erosion of the glass part in Table 2, those indicated by ◯ indicate that no erosion is observed, those indicated by △ indicate that erosion is slightly observed, and those indicated by × It represents a state where erosion is clearly observed. Moreover, among the plating of the glass part of Table 2, what was shown as (circle) represents the state in which metal precipitation is hardly recognized on glass, and what was shown as (triangle | delta) is the state in which metal precipitation is slightly recognized on glass The symbol x indicates a state in which significant metal deposition is observed on the glass.
[0029]
[Table 2]
Figure 0003627484
[0030]
As is clear from Table 2, in the strong acid bath shown in Sample 9, erosion of the glass part and metal deposition on the glass part are observed. On the other hand, in a weakly acidic bath as shown in Samples 10 and 11, erosion of the glass part is suppressed, but when the current density is increased, metal deposition on the glass part is observed.
[0031]
On the other hand, in the case of the baths shown in Samples 1 to 8, even when the current density is increased, neither erosion of the glass part nor metal deposition on the glass part is observed.
[0032]
In addition, since the operation temperature differs between Samples 1-8 and Samples 9-11, the same experiment was performed by changing the operation temperature to 25 ° C. and 60 ° C., but good results similar to the results obtained at 40 ° C. was gotten.
[0033]
【The invention's effect】
By using the present invention, it is possible to prevent the electronic component from being eroded by the plating solution and to prevent metal deposition on the insulator portion even if the current density is increased.

Claims (3)

以下の構成を具備する錫又は錫合金電気メッキ浴。
(1)第1錫塩、または第1錫塩と鉛、銅、亜鉛、コバルト、ニッケルの中から選ばれる少なくとも1種類の金属塩
(2)錯化剤
(3)光沢剤として、下記一般式[A]で示されるポリオキシエチレンアルキルアミ
一般式[A]
【化式1】
Figure 0003627484
(ただし、Rは炭素数6〜18のアルキル基、m+nは2〜の整数
(4)pH3〜pH10
A tin or tin alloy electroplating bath having the following configuration.
(1) stannous salt or stannous salt and at least one metal salt selected from lead, copper, zinc, cobalt, nickel (2) complexing agent (3) as brightener, the following general formula polyoxyethylene alkyl Amin <br/> general formula represented by [A] [A]
[Formula 1]
Figure 0003627484
(However, R is an alkyl group having 6 to 18 carbon atoms, m + n is an integer of 2 to 4 )
(4) pH 3 to pH 10
前記(2)の錯化剤は、クエン酸、グルコン酸、ピロリン酸、及びこれらの塩、またはグルコノラクトンのうち少なくとも1種類を用いることを特徴とする請求項1に記載の錫又は錫合金電気メッキ浴。The tin or tin alloy according to claim 1, wherein the complexing agent (2) uses at least one of citric acid, gluconic acid, pyrophosphoric acid, and salts thereof, or gluconolactone. Electroplating bath. 請求項1または請求項2に記載の錫又は錫合金電気メッキ浴を用いて電子部品を電気メッキすることを特徴とする錫又は錫合金の電気メッキ方法。An electroplating method for tin or tin alloy, wherein the electronic component is electroplated using the tin or tin alloy electroplating bath according to claim 1 or 2.
JP34507697A 1997-03-03 1997-12-15 Tin or tin alloy electroplating bath and electroplating method using the same Expired - Lifetime JP3627484B2 (en)

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JP3433291B2 (en) * 1999-09-27 2003-08-04 石原薬品株式会社 Tin-copper-containing alloy plating bath, tin-copper-containing alloy plating method, and article formed with tin-copper-containing alloy plating film
JP2001110666A (en) 1999-10-08 2001-04-20 Murata Mfg Co Ltd Electronic component, and manufacturing method thereof
JP3910028B2 (en) * 2001-09-13 2007-04-25 株式会社村田製作所 Electrode formation method for chip-type ceramic electronic components
CN104060309A (en) * 2014-06-13 2014-09-24 安徽省宁国天成电工有限公司 Surface tinning method of metallic copper wire
TWI576470B (en) * 2015-07-28 2017-04-01 聚和國際股份有限公司 Electroplating additive
JP7015975B2 (en) 2017-03-27 2022-02-04 三菱マテリアル株式会社 Tin or tin alloy plating solution
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