JP3625112B2 - Cosmetic raw material and cosmetic composition comprising this raw material - Google Patents

Cosmetic raw material and cosmetic composition comprising this raw material Download PDF

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JP3625112B2
JP3625112B2 JP25392296A JP25392296A JP3625112B2 JP 3625112 B2 JP3625112 B2 JP 3625112B2 JP 25392296 A JP25392296 A JP 25392296A JP 25392296 A JP25392296 A JP 25392296A JP 3625112 B2 JP3625112 B2 JP 3625112B2
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hair
fatty acid
cosmetic
raw material
cosmetic composition
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JPH1077215A (en
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猛 是沢
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Croda Japan KK
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Croda Japan KK
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Description

【0001】
【産業上の利用分野】
この発明は毛髪化粧料組成物及び固形化粧料組成物に係り、その目的はヘアーリンス、ヘアートリートメント等の毛髪化粧料組成物とした場合には櫛通り性が良く、洗髪後毛髪にごわごわ感の残らない優れた化粧料とすることができまた口紅、アイライナー、ファンデーション等の固形化粧料とした場合には顔料の分散性がよく且つ保存時に所謂汗かき現象のでない化粧料とすることができる化粧料組成物を提供する事にある。
【0002】
【従来の技術】
従来の技術によれば、パーマネントウエーブ処理やヘアダイ処理等の化学的理由により、毛髪のなめらかな風合いが失われ、パサパサとした固い感触が生じやすい状態となることがある。
また、洗髪により洗髪後の毛髪が洗浄剤の影響により、乾燥時にパサパサとした感じが生じやすく、しかも櫛通りが悪くなって、枝毛、切毛等が発生し、毛髪に損傷が生じやすくなる。
更に、ブラッシングなどによっても毛髪が機械的損傷を受けることが多々存在する。
これらの機械的損傷から毛髪を保護し、乾燥後のまとまり感を従来より毛髪に対して櫛通り性を良くし、優れた光沢を与える原料として、シリコン誘導体が用いられることが多い。
【0003】
即ち、毛髪に柔軟性やしっとり感、滑らかさ等を与える目的でシロキサン、エステル油、炭化水素油などの種々の油剤、およびカチオン界面活性剤が毛髪化粧品中に配合されている。
特にシロキサンは柔軟性やしっとり感、滑らかさを与えることが知られており、多くの毛髪化粧品に使用されている。
しかしながら、これらシロキサンやカチオン界面活性剤を用いて毛髪の風合いを向上させても、その持続性は充分には期待できないうえ、特にシロキサンは、毛髪に多量に使用したり、長い間繰り返し用いたりすると、毛髪にきしみ感を与えるといった欠点がある。
さらに、乾燥後のまとまり感を向上させるためにシリコーン等の油分を多量に配合したコンディショニング剤では、塗布時に有効成分が毛髪全体に充分に行きわたりにくくなる上、乾燥後の毛髪にベタつき感が生じてしまい、良好な仕上がり感が得られないという課題が存在した。
更に、シロキサン等のシリコン誘導体は、洗髪後も毛髪に残存し、ごわごわ感が残ることがあった。
【0004】
一方、口紅、アイライナー、ファンデーション等の固形化粧料は、保存中に液状成分が分離して所謂汗かき現象が生じることが多く、これは顔料の分散性が不十分であることにもとづくものと考えられている。
【0005】
【発明が解決しようとする課題】
上記実情に鑑み、ヘアーリンス、ヘアートリートメント等の毛髪化粧料組成物とした場合には櫛通り性が良く、洗髪後毛髪にごわごわ感の残らない優れた化粧料とすることができまた口紅、アイライナー、ファンデーション等の固形化粧料とした場合には顔料の分散性がよく且つ保存時に所謂汗かき現象のでない化粧料とすることができる化粧料組成物の提供にある。
【0006】
【課題を解決するための手段】
この発明の請求項1にかかる発明は、モノエステル含有量が20%以下で脂肪酸の炭素数が18〜22の糖脂肪酸エステルと、少なくともメチルポリシロキサン、メチルフェニルシロキサン、メチルポリシクロシロキサンの内から一種以上の選択されたシロキサンとを含有してなり、前記糖脂肪酸エステルの含有量が0.1〜10%であり、前記シロキサンの含有量が0.05〜10%であることを特徴とする毛髪化粧料組成物に係るものである。
【0007】
以下、この発明の構成について詳述する。
【発明の構成】
この説明に係わる化粧料原料で使用する、糖脂肪酸エステルとしては2単糖以上の多糖と炭素数が18〜22の脂肪酸とのエステル化物であって、モノエステル含量が20%以下の糖脂肪酸エステルが好適に使用できる。
この糖脂肪酸エステルを構成する糖の具体例としてはショ糖、マルトース、マルチトール、トレハロースを挙げることができ、脂肪酸としてはステアリン酸、ベヘニン酸等の直鎖飽和脂肪酸、12−ヒドロキシステアリン酸あるいはラノリン脂肪酸等を挙げることができる。
ここで糖脂肪酸エステルの原料である糖として2単糖以上の多糖とする理由は、単糖では毛髪化粧料に用いた時の櫛通り性が不十分であり好ましくないからである。
また、糖脂肪酸エステルの原料である脂肪酸として炭素数が18〜22の脂肪酸を使用する理由は、炭素数が18未満の脂肪酸では固形化粧料に用いた時の汗かき現象が効果的に抑制できず、又炭素数が22を超える脂肪酸では固形化粧料が硬くなりすぎ、使用感が損なわれ好ましくなく、いずれの場合も結局好ましくなく炭素数が18〜22の脂肪酸が最も望ましい。
この糖脂肪酸エステルは、常法に準じて製造すればよく、ジメチルスルホキシド(DMSO)、ジメチルホルムアミド(DMF)、又はN−メチル2−ピロリドン(NMP)を溶媒とするエステル反応、あるいはミクロエマルションエステル法、無溶媒エステル法等の方法で製造すればよい。
【0008】
この発明は、この糖脂肪酸エステルに併用してシロキサンを使用する。
この発明で使用するシロキサンとしては、25℃での粘度が2〜100,000csの特性を持つものが望ましく、具体的にはこの特性を持つメチルポリシロキサン、メチルフェニルシロキサン又は、メチルポリシクロシロキサンの内から選ばれた一種以上のシロキサンが配合される。
【0009】
この発明においては、糖脂肪酸エステルとシロキサンを併用して化粧料原料として化粧料組成物に配合するが、シロキサンは毛髪化粧料組成物とした場合には毛髪に柔軟性やしっとり感、滑らかさを与え、また糖脂肪酸エステルは毛髪に対して優れた櫛通り性と、洗髪後も毛髪にごわごわ感を与えない効果を奏する。
更に、この発明においては、糖脂肪酸エステルとシロキサンを併用して化粧料原料として化粧料組成物に配合するが、シロキサンは固形化粧料組成物とした場合には顔料の溶解性を改善し、糖脂肪酸エステルは顔料と溶剤の分散性を改善し、結果固形化粧料組成物の汗かき現象を回避する。
【0010】
この発明においては、糖脂肪酸エステルとシロキサンを併用して化粧料原料として化粧料組成物に配合するが、それぞれ化粧料組成物全体を100%として、糖脂肪酸エステルは0.1〜10%および、シロキサンは0.05〜10%配合することが望ましい。
糖脂肪酸エステルの配合量を0.1〜10%とする理由は、配合量が0.1%未満の場合は櫛通り性が充分得られずかつ洗髪後に毛髪にごわごわ感が残り好ましくなく、10%を超えて配合した場合にはシロキサンの毛髪に柔軟性やしっとり感、滑らかさを与える効果を阻害し、結局いずれの場合も好ましくない。
【0011】
シロキサンの配合量を0.05〜10%とする理由は、配合量が0.05%未満の場合には毛髪に柔軟性やしっとり感、滑らかさ等を与えることができず、逆に10%を超えて配合した場合には毛髪にきしみ感を与えたり、ごわごわ感を与えて好ましくない、結局いずれの場合も発明の目的を達成できないからである。
【0012】
このような糖脂肪酸エステルとシロキサンを化粧料原料とする、化粧料組成物としてはヘアートリートメント、ヘアリンス、シャンプー、ヘアークリーム等の毛髪化粧料組成物とすることができ、或いは口紅、アイライナー、ファンデーション等の固形化粧料とすることができる。
この発明で云う化粧料原料およびこの原料からなる化粧料組成物とは、薬事法上の医薬、医薬部外品、化粧品等のいずれに属していてもよく、化粧に用いる組成物であればよい。
【0013】
【実施例】
以下にこの発明の効果を明確にするために、実施例及び試験例を示す。
(実施例1)
ショ糖34.2g(0.1モル)及び、反応溶媒としてDMSO、129.4gを500mlのフラスコにとり加温溶解する。
これにステアリン酸メチル64.7g(0.22モル)、触媒として炭酸カリウム0.26gを加え92〜95℃、15〜20mmHgで6時間反応する。
反応率は96.9%であった。
反応終了後触媒を中和、濾過を行った後、減圧下でDMSOのほとんどを回収する。
反応物を3倍量のMEKに溶解し、再結晶、濾過、乾燥を行い白色の粉末82.5gを得た、この物のモノエステル含量は15.4%であった。
尚、モノエステル含量の測定は、書籍シュガーエステル物語(第一工業製薬(株)昭和59年7月10日発行)第60頁から第61頁記載のショ糖エステル中のモノエステル含有率の測定法に基づいた。
この方法の概要は、TLCにより糖エステル中のモノエステルとジ及びトリエステルを分離し、それぞれ結合糖を比色分析法により測定して、全エステル中のモノエステル含有量を定量する定量法である。
【0014】
(実施例2〜9)
表1の配合比及び、実施例1と同様の条件で反応精製を行い、表1の糖脂肪酸エステルを得た。
【表 1】

Figure 0003625112
【0015】
【比較例】
(比較例1)
ショ糖34.2g(0.1モル)及び、DMSO、105.8gを500mlのフラスコにとり加温溶解する。
これにステアリン酸メチル52.9g(0.18モル)、触媒として炭酸カリウム0.26gを加え92〜95℃、15〜20mmHgで6時間反応する。
反応率は96.9%であった。
反応終了後触媒を中和、濾過を行った後、減圧下でDMSOのほとんどを回収する。
反応物を3倍量のMEKに溶解し、再結晶、濾過、乾燥を行い白色の粉末67.5gを得た、この物のモノエステル含量は21.5%であった。
尚、モノエステル含量の測定は、実施例1と同様にした。
【0016】
(比較例2〜9)
表2の配合比及び、比較例1と同様の条件で反応精製を行い、表2の糖脂肪酸エステルを得た。
【表 2】
Figure 0003625112
【試験例】
(試験例1)
前記実施例1〜9、比較例1〜9で得た糖脂肪酸エステルを用いて試験例1〜2に示す処方(単位g)に従って化粧料を調整し、化粧料A〜Tを得た。
【0017】
「櫛通り性」「ごわごわ感」試験
表3のヘアークリームを20人の被験者に使用させ、洗髪後乾いたタオルで十分ふき取り、30分間室温で乾燥した後、問診で「櫛通り性」及び、「ごわごわ感」について調べた。
「非常に優れている」を5点、「優れている」を4点、「普通」を3点、「劣る」を2点、「非常に劣る」を1点とする5段階評価で問診し、その平均値を表3に示す。数値が大きいほど櫛通り性が良く、ごわごわ感が少ない。
【表 3】
Figure 0003625112
【0018】
(試験例2)
「櫛通り性」「ごわごわ感」試験
表4のヘアーリンスを20人の被験者に使用させ、洗髪後乾いたタオルで十分ふき取り、30分間室温で乾燥した後、問診で「櫛通り性」及び、「ごわごわ感」について調べた。
「非常に優れている」を5点、「優れている」を4点、「普通」を3点、「劣る」を2点、「非常に劣る」を1点とする5段階評価で問診し、その平均値を表4に示す。数値が大きいほど櫛通り性が良く、ごわごわ感が少ない。
【表 4】
Figure 0003625112
【0021】
【発明の効果】
この発明の請求項1にかかる発明は、モノエステル含有量が20%以下で脂肪酸の炭素数が18〜22の糖脂肪酸エステルと、少なくともメチルポリシロキサン、メチルフェニルシロキサン、メチルポリシクロシロキサンの内から一種以上の選択されたシロキサンとを含有してなり、前記糖脂肪酸エステルの含有量が0.1〜10%であり、前記シロキサンの含有量が0.05〜10%であることを特徴とする毛髪化粧料組成物に係るものであるから以下の効果を奏する。上記試験例からも明らかであるがこの発明は、ヘアーリンス、ヘアートリートメント等の毛髪化粧料組成物とした場合には櫛通り性が良く、洗髪後毛髪にごわごわ感の残らない優れた化粧料とすることができる化粧料組成物である。[0001]
[Industrial application fields]
The present invention relates to a hair cosmetic composition and a solid cosmetic composition, and the object thereof is good combing property when the hair cosmetic composition is used for hair rinse, hair treatment, etc., and the hair feels stiff after washing. It can be an excellent cosmetic that does not remain, and when it is a solid cosmetic such as lipstick, eyeliner, foundation, etc., it can be a cosmetic that has good dispersibility of the pigment and does not cause so-called sweating during storage. It is to provide a cosmetic composition.
[0002]
[Prior art]
According to the prior art, the smooth texture of the hair is lost due to chemical reasons such as permanent wave treatment and hair die treatment, and it may be in a state where a hard touch is likely to occur.
In addition, after washing the hair, the hair after washing is easily affected by the cleaning agent, and the hair feels dry when dry, and the combing becomes worse and split hairs, cut hairs, etc. are generated and the hair is easily damaged. .
Furthermore, there are many cases where the hair is mechanically damaged by brushing or the like.
Silicon derivatives are often used as a raw material that protects hair from these mechanical damages, improves the feeling of unity after drying, has improved combability with respect to hair, and provides excellent gloss.
[0003]
That is, various oil agents such as siloxane, ester oil and hydrocarbon oil, and cationic surfactants are blended in hair cosmetics for the purpose of giving the hair flexibility, moist feeling, smoothness and the like.
In particular, siloxane is known to give flexibility, moist feeling and smoothness, and is used in many hair cosmetics.
However, even if these siloxanes and cationic surfactants are used to improve the texture of the hair, the sustainability cannot be expected sufficiently. In particular, the siloxane is used in a large amount for hair or repeatedly used for a long time. , There is a drawback that the hair is squeaky.
Furthermore, a conditioning agent that contains a large amount of oil such as silicone in order to improve the feeling of unity after drying makes it difficult for the active ingredients to spread throughout the entire hair during application, and also causes the hair to become sticky after drying. Therefore, there was a problem that a good finish could not be obtained.
Furthermore, silicon derivatives such as siloxane remain in the hair even after shampooing.
[0004]
On the other hand, solid cosmetics such as lipsticks, eyeliners, and foundations often cause so-called sweating due to separation of liquid components during storage, which is based on insufficient dispersibility of pigments. It is considered.
[0005]
[Problems to be solved by the invention]
In view of the above situation, when a hair cosmetic composition such as hair rinse, hair treatment or the like is used, the combing property is good, and it is possible to obtain an excellent cosmetic that does not leave a stiff feeling after washing the hair. In the case of solid cosmetics such as liners and foundations, it is an object of the present invention to provide a cosmetic composition that can be made into a cosmetic that has good dispersibility of the pigment and does not cause a so-called sweating phenomenon during storage.
[0006]
[Means for Solving the Problems]
The invention according to claim 1 of the present invention is a sugar fatty acid ester having a monoester content of 20% or less and a fatty acid having 18 to 22 carbon atoms, and at least methylpolysiloxane, methylphenylsiloxane, and methylpolycyclosiloxane. One or more selected siloxanes, the sugar fatty acid ester content is 0.1 to 10%, and the siloxane content is 0.05 to 10%. The present invention relates to a hair cosmetic composition.
[0007]
Hereinafter, the configuration of the present invention will be described in detail.
[Structure of the invention]
The sugar fatty acid ester used in the cosmetic material according to this explanation is an esterified product of a polysaccharide having 2 or more monosaccharides and a fatty acid having 18 to 22 carbon atoms, and the monoester content is 20% or less. Can be suitably used.
Specific examples of the sugar constituting this sugar fatty acid ester include sucrose, maltose, maltitol, and trehalose. Examples of the fatty acid include linear saturated fatty acids such as stearic acid and behenic acid, 12-hydroxystearic acid or lanolin. A fatty acid etc. can be mentioned.
Here, the reason why the sugar which is the raw material of the sugar fatty acid ester is a polysaccharide having 2 or more monosaccharides is that monosaccharides are not preferable because they have insufficient combability when used in hair cosmetics.
The reason why fatty acids having 18 to 22 carbon atoms are used as the fatty acid that is the raw material for sugar fatty acid esters is that the fatty acid having less than 18 carbon atoms can effectively suppress the sweating phenomenon when used in solid cosmetics. In addition, the fatty acid having more than 22 carbon atoms is not preferable because the solid cosmetic becomes too hard and the feeling of use is impaired. In any case, the fatty acid having 18 to 22 carbon atoms is most preferable.
This sugar fatty acid ester may be produced according to a conventional method, such as an ester reaction using dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO), dimethylformamide (DMF), or N-methyl 2-pyrrolidone (NMP) as a solvent, or a microemulsion ester method. What is necessary is just to manufacture by methods, such as a solvent-free ester method.
[0008]
This invention uses siloxane in combination with this sugar fatty acid ester.
As the siloxane used in the present invention, those having a viscosity of 2 to 100,000 cs at 25 ° C. are desirable. Specifically, methylpolysiloxane, methylphenylsiloxane or methylpolycyclosiloxane having this property is desirable. One or more siloxanes selected from the above are blended.
[0009]
In this invention, a sugar fatty acid ester and a siloxane are used in combination as a cosmetic raw material in a cosmetic composition. However, when a siloxane is a hair cosmetic composition, the hair is soft, moist and smooth. Furthermore, the sugar fatty acid ester has an excellent combing property with respect to the hair and an effect that does not give the hair a stiff feeling after washing.
Furthermore, in the present invention, a sugar fatty acid ester and siloxane are used in combination as a cosmetic raw material in a cosmetic composition. When a siloxane is a solid cosmetic composition, the solubility of the pigment is improved, Fatty acid esters improve the dispersibility of pigments and solvents and consequently avoid the sweating phenomenon of solid cosmetic compositions.
[0010]
In this invention, the sugar fatty acid ester and siloxane are used in combination in a cosmetic composition as a cosmetic raw material. The total cosmetic composition is 100%, and the sugar fatty acid ester is 0.1 to 10%. It is desirable to mix siloxane in an amount of 0.05 to 10%.
The reason why the blending amount of the sugar fatty acid ester is 0.1 to 10% is that, when the blending amount is less than 0.1%, the combing property is not sufficiently obtained, and the hair feels stiff after hair washing. When it is incorporated in excess of%, the effect of imparting softness, moist feeling and smoothness to the hair of siloxane is hindered, which is not preferable in any case.
[0011]
The reason for setting the amount of siloxane to be 0.05 to 10% is that when the amount is less than 0.05%, the hair cannot be given flexibility, moist feeling, smoothness, etc. Conversely, 10% This is because it is not preferable because the hair is squeezed or stiff, and the object of the invention cannot be achieved in any case.
[0012]
Cosmetic compositions using such sugar fatty acid esters and siloxane as cosmetic raw materials can be hair cosmetic compositions such as hair treatments, hair rinses, shampoos, hair creams, or lipsticks, eyeliners, foundations. And so on.
The cosmetic raw material and the cosmetic composition comprising the raw material referred to in the present invention may belong to any of pharmaceuticals, quasi-drugs, cosmetics and the like under the Pharmaceutical Affairs Law and may be any composition used for makeup. .
[0013]
【Example】
In order to clarify the effects of the present invention, examples and test examples are shown below.
(Example 1)
34.2 g (0.1 mol) of sucrose and DMSO as a reaction solvent, 129.4 g are placed in a 500 ml flask and dissolved by heating.
64.7 g (0.22 mol) of methyl stearate and 0.26 g of potassium carbonate as a catalyst are added thereto and reacted at 92 to 95 ° C. and 15 to 20 mmHg for 6 hours.
The reaction rate was 96.9%.
After completion of the reaction, the catalyst is neutralized and filtered, and most of DMSO is recovered under reduced pressure.
The reaction product was dissolved in 3 times the amount of MEK, recrystallized, filtered and dried to obtain 82.5 g of white powder. The monoester content of this product was 15.4%.
The monoester content is measured by measuring the monoester content in the sucrose ester described in pages 60 to 61 of the book Sugar Ester Story (Daiichi Kogyo Seiyaku Co., Ltd., issued on July 10, 1984). Based on the law.
The outline of this method is a quantitative method that separates monoesters from diesters and triesters in sugar esters by TLC, measures the bound sugars by colorimetric analysis, and quantifies the monoester content in all esters. is there.
[0014]
(Examples 2-9)
Reaction purification was carried out under the same mixing ratio as in Table 1 and the same conditions as in Example 1 to obtain sugar fatty acid esters in Table 1.
[Table 1]
Figure 0003625112
[0015]
[Comparative example]
(Comparative Example 1)
34.2 g (0.1 mol) of sucrose and 105.8 g of DMSO are placed in a 500 ml flask and dissolved by heating.
To this, 52.9 g (0.18 mol) of methyl stearate and 0.26 g of potassium carbonate as a catalyst are added and reacted at 92 to 95 ° C. and 15 to 20 mmHg for 6 hours.
The reaction rate was 96.9%.
After completion of the reaction, the catalyst is neutralized and filtered, and most of DMSO is recovered under reduced pressure.
The reaction product was dissolved in 3 times the amount of MEK and recrystallized, filtered and dried to obtain 67.5 g of a white powder. The monoester content of this product was 21.5%.
The monoester content was measured in the same manner as in Example 1.
[0016]
(Comparative Examples 2-9)
Reaction purification was performed under the same conditions as in Table 2 and Comparative Example 1 to obtain sugar fatty acid esters in Table 2.
[Table 2]
Figure 0003625112
[Test example]
(Test Example 1)
Using the sugar fatty acid esters obtained in Examples 1 to 9 and Comparative Examples 1 to 9, cosmetics were prepared according to the formulations (units g) shown in Test Examples 1 and 2, and cosmetics A to T were obtained.
[0017]
“Combination” and “Feeling” Test Table 3 hair creams were used by 20 subjects, and after washing the hair, wiped thoroughly with a dry towel and dried at room temperature for 30 minutes. I investigated "frustration".
Interview with a five-point scale of 5 points for “very good”, 4 points for “excellent”, 3 points for “normal”, 2 points for “poor”, and 1 point for “very bad” The average values are shown in Table 3. The higher the value, the better the combing property and the less the feeling of stiffness.
[Table 3]
Figure 0003625112
[0018]
(Test Example 2)
“Combination” and “Stiffness” test Table 4 hair rinses were used by 20 subjects, and after washing the hair, wiped thoroughly with a dry towel and dried at room temperature for 30 minutes, I investigated "frustration".
Interview with a five-point scale of 5 points for “very good”, 4 points for “excellent”, 3 points for “normal”, 2 points for “poor”, and 1 point for “very bad” The average values are shown in Table 4. The higher the value, the better the combing property and the less the feeling of stiffness.
[Table 4]
Figure 0003625112
[0021]
【The invention's effect】
The invention according to claim 1 of the present invention is a sugar fatty acid ester having a monoester content of 20% or less and a fatty acid having 18 to 22 carbon atoms, and at least methylpolysiloxane, methylphenylsiloxane, and methylpolycyclosiloxane. One or more selected siloxanes, the sugar fatty acid ester content is 0.1 to 10%, and the siloxane content is 0.05 to 10%. Since it relates to a hair cosmetic composition, it has the following effects. As is apparent from the above test examples, the present invention is an excellent cosmetic that has good combability when it is used as a hair cosmetic composition such as hair rinse and hair treatment, and does not leave a stiff feeling on the hair after washing. It is a cosmetic composition that can be made.

Claims (1)

モノエステル含有量が20%以下で脂肪酸の炭素数が18〜22の糖脂肪酸エステルと、少なくともメチルポリシロキサン、メチルフェニルシロキサン、メチルポリシクロシロキサンの内から一種以上の選択されたシロキサンとを含有してなり、
前記糖脂肪酸エステルの含有量が0.1〜10%であり、前記シロキサンの含有量が0.05〜10%であることを特徴とする毛髪化粧料組成物。
A sugar fatty acid ester having a monoester content of 20% or less and a fatty acid carbon number of 18 to 22 and at least one siloxane selected from methylpolysiloxane, methylphenylsiloxane, and methylpolycyclosiloxane. And
A hair cosmetic composition, wherein the sugar fatty acid ester content is 0.1 to 10% and the siloxane content is 0.05 to 10%.
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