JP3622264B2 - Method for stabilizing N-vinylamide - Google Patents
Method for stabilizing N-vinylamide Download PDFInfo
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- JP3622264B2 JP3622264B2 JP12005995A JP12005995A JP3622264B2 JP 3622264 B2 JP3622264 B2 JP 3622264B2 JP 12005995 A JP12005995 A JP 12005995A JP 12005995 A JP12005995 A JP 12005995A JP 3622264 B2 JP3622264 B2 JP 3622264B2
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- Prior art keywords
- vinylamide
- quinones
- alkali
- benzoquinone
- added
- Prior art date
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Description
【0001】
【産業上の利用分野】
本発明はN−ビニルアミドの安定化方法、特に蒸留に際してのN−ビニルアミドの損失を防止する方法に関するものである。
【0002】
【従来の技術】
N−ビニルアミドは、一般式
【化1】
CH2 =CHNHCOR
(式中、Rは水素原子またはアルキル基を表す。)
で示され、N−ビニルカルボン酸アミドあるいはN−ビニルアシルアミドとも呼ばれている重合性に富む化合物であり、単独で重合させるか又は他のビニル化合物と共重合させて、種々の特性を有する重合物を得ることができる。この重合物を加水分解すると、アミド基は1級アミノ基に転換される。
【0003】
N−ビニルアミドとしては、通常、N−ビニルホルムアミド及びN−ビニルアセトアミドが用いられているが、これらはいずれも熱分解工程を経て製造されている。その代表的な製法の一つは、それぞれ対応するN−(α−アルコキシエチル)アミドを熱分解する方法である。
【0004】
N−ビニルアミドは、反応性に富む物質であり、容易に分解又は重合する。従って製造過程において、熱分解混合物から蒸留によりN−ビニルアミドを取得する際には、分解や重合を回避するため、種々の方法が提案されている(特開昭62−19352、63−246659号参照)。また、種々の安定剤を添加して、N−ビニルアミドの保存や蒸留に際しての安定化を図ることも提案されている(特開昭61−289068、特開平2−270846、特開平6−122660参照)。
【0005】
【発明が解決しようとする課題】
しかしながら、従来知られているこれらの安定化方法は、未だ必ずしも満足すべきものではない。
従って、本発明はN−ビニルアミドの安定化方法、特に蒸留に際してN−ビニルホルムアミドの損失を防止し、精製されたN−ビニルアミドを取得する方法を提供せんとするものである。
【0006】
【課題を解決するための手段】
本発明によれば、N−ビニルアミドにキノン類 のアルカリ変性物を添加することによ
り、N−ビニルアミドの安定性を著しく向上させることができる。本発明について詳細に説明するに、本発明で安定化の対象とするN−ビニルアミドは粗製品であっても精製品であってもよい。すなわち、本発明で用いる安定剤は、N−ビニルアミドの製造工程において、熱分解工程から得られた蒸留精製前のN−ビニルアミドに添加して、該安定剤の存在
下で蒸留することにより、その蒸留工程における安定化を図ることができる。また、精製されたN−ビニルアミドに添加して、保管及び輸送時の安定性を高めることができる。
【0007】
本発明で添加する安定剤は、キノン類 のアルカリ変性物である。アルカリ変性物とは
、キノン類の溶液をアルカリ性にしたときに生成するもので、その詳細は不明であるが、非揮発性であってキノン類の重合物と推定される。このアルカリ変性物は、キノン類をメタノールなどの溶媒に溶解して溶液とし、これに10-3モル/1程度の極く少量の苛性ソーダ又は苛性カリを添加して室温に放置すると、数十分〜数時間で容易に生成する。キノン類がアルカリ変性物に変化したことは、溶液を液体クロマトグラフィーで分析してもキノン類が検出されなくなるので容易に確認することができる。また、この溶液をガスクロマトグフィーで分析してもキノン類及びその分解生成物と思われるものは検出されないので、キノン類は重合して高沸点の重合物になっているものと推定される。キノン類のアルカリ変性物は、予じめ調製したものをN−ビニルアミドに添加してもよく、また、アルカリ性のN−ビニルアミドにキノン類を添加して、N−ビニルアミド中でアルカリ変性物を生成させてもよい。このようにN−ビニルアミド中でアルカリ変性物を生成させる場合には、N−ビニルアミドはpH8以上であることが好ましく、一般にアルカリ性が大きい方がアルカリ変性物の生成が早い。なお、N−ビニルアミドのpHは、N−ビニルアミド1容量部を5容量部の水に溶解して測定するものとする。
【0008】
キノン類は、芳香族炭化水素の環のCH原子団2つをCO原子団に変え、さらに二重結合をキノイド構造にするのに必要なだけ動かしてできたジケトン化合物である。キノン類の化合物としては、p−ベンゾキノン、o−ベンゾキノンなどのベンゾキノン類や、ナフトキノン類、アントラキノン類が例示される。これらのキノン類化合物の環には置換基を有していてもよく、該置換基としては水酸基や炭素数1〜4程度のアルキル基、アルコキシアルキル基などが挙げられる。具体的な化合物としてはメチル−p−ベンゾキノン、4−o−トルキノン、o−キシロキノン、p−キシロキノン、m−キシロキノン、4,5−キシロ−o−キノン、メトキシ−p−ベンゾキノン、ジフェノキノンなどが例示される。以上のキノン類においては、好ましくはベンゾキノン類、特に好ましくはp−ベンゾキノンである。
【0009】
また、予じめキノン類のアルカリ変性物を調製する場合には、メタノール、エタノール、水、トルエン、ベンゼン、ホルムアミドなどにキノン類を溶解し、かつN−ビニルアミドとの蒸留分離が容易な溶媒に、キノン類を5〜150g/lとなるように溶解し、これに苛性ソーダ、苛性カリ、炭酸ソーダ、重炭酸ソーダ等のアルカリを添加して、室温ないし加温下に撹拌すればよい。アルカリの添加量は10−4〜10−2モル/l程度で十分である。
【0010】
N−ビニルアミドに対するキノン類のアルカリ変性物の添加量は、変性前のキノン類として通常50〜10000ppm、好ましくは100〜5000ppmである。添加量が少ないと十分な効果が奏されない。逆に添加量が多すぎても、安定化効果は飽和してしまうので無意味であるばかりでなく、場合によってはN−ビニルアミドの使用に悪影響を及ぼすことがある。
【0011】
N−ビニルアミドの安定化の点では、キノン類及びそのアルカリ変性物のいずれもが有効であるが、通常はアルカリ変性物を用いるのが好ましい。何故ならば、キノン類は一般には重合禁止剤として作用するので、これで安定化したN−ビニルアミドは使用前に蒸留してキノン類を除去するのが望ましい。しかし、キノン類は比較的蒸気圧が高いので、蒸留に際してN−ビニルアミドと一緒に留出するおそれがある。一方、キノン類のアルカリ変性物は不揮発性であり、蒸留により容易にN−ビニルアミドから除去できる。
【0012】
【実施例】
以下に実施例により本発明を更に具体的に説明するが、本発明はその要旨を超えない限り、以下の実施例に限定されるものではない。なお、以下の実施例においてmeqはミリ当量(10−3当量)を表わす。また、分解率及びポリマー生成量は下記により算出した。
分解率(%):加熱前後のN−ビニルアミド濃度を液体クロマトグラフィーにより分析し、(加熱前の濃度−加熱後の濃度)/加熱前の濃度×100で表示した。
ポリマー生成量(ppm):加熱後の液50gにアセトン250gを添加し、析出した不溶物を0.5ミクロンのテフロン製フィルターで濾取する。これを60℃で恒量になるまで減圧乾燥し、(不溶物の乾燥重量/50)×106 で表示した。
【0013】
〔参考例1〜13〕
N−(α−メトキシエチル)ホルムアミドの熱分解生成液からメタノールの大部分を減圧蒸留により留去して得た粗N−ビニルホルムアミド(N−ビニルホルムアミド92%、ホルムアミド4.2%、その他有機物3.8%)に、表−1に示す試薬を添加した。これを常圧、窒素シール下、110℃で1時間加熱した。結果を表−1に示す。
【0014】
【表1】
【0015】
〔実施例1〕
p−ベンゾキノン(パラベンゾキノン)をメタノールに5%濃度となるように溶解した。この溶液に苛性ソーダを20meq/kgとなるように添加し、20℃で3時間撹拌した。液体クロマトグラフィーで分析したところ、p−ベンゾキノンは検出されず(検出下限50ppm)、すべてアルカリ変性物に転換されていた。
【0016】
参考例2と同じ粗N−ビニルホルムアミドに、上記で得たp−ベンゾキノンのアルカリ変性物をp−ベンゾキノンとして3000ppmとなるように添加した。この粗N−ビニルホルムアミドを5torrの減圧下に浴温110℃で単蒸留し、N−ビニルホルムアミ
ドの90%を留出させた。留去したN−ビニルホルムアミドを液体クロマトグラフィーにより分析したが、p−ベンゾキノンは検出されなかった。これに対し、アルカリ変性物の代りにp−ベンゾキノンを3000ppmとなるように添加して直ちに蒸留すると、留出したN−ビニルホルムアミド中には1550ppmのp−ベンゾキノンが含まれていた。
【0017】
〔実施例2〕
参考例2と同じ粗N−ビニルホルムアミドに、p−ベンゾキノンを5%濃度となるように溶解した。これに苛性ソーダを50meq/kgとなるように添加し、10℃で1時間撹拌した。その後、液体クロマトグラフィーで分析したところ、p−ベンゾキノンは検出されず、すべてアルカリ変性物に転換されていた。上記の溶液を5torrの減圧下に浴温110℃で単蒸留し、N−ビニルホルムアミドの90%を留出させた。留出したN−ビニルホルムアミド中にp−ベンゾキノンは検出されなかった。
【0018】
〔実施例3〕
参考例2と同じ粗N−ビニルホルムアミドに、p−ベンゾキノンの代りに実施例1又は2で調製したp−ベンゾキノンのアルカリ変性物を添加した以外は、参考例2と全く同様にして熱安定性試験を行なった。その結果、分解率及びポリマー生成量ともにp−ベンゾキノンを添加した場合と有意差は認められなかった。
【0019】
【発明の効果】
本発明によれば、N−ビニルアミドにキノン類 のアルカリ変性物を添加するだけで、
N−ビニルアミドの安定性を著しく向上させることができる。[0001]
[Industrial application fields]
The present invention relates to a method for stabilizing N-vinylamide, and more particularly to a method for preventing loss of N-vinylamide during distillation.
[0002]
[Prior art]
N-vinylamide is represented by the general formula:
CH 2 = CHNHCOR
(In the formula, R represents a hydrogen atom or an alkyl group.)
It is a compound having high polymerizability and is also called N-vinylcarboxylic acid amide or N-vinyl acylamide, and has various properties by polymerizing alone or copolymerizing with other vinyl compounds. A polymer can be obtained. When this polymer is hydrolyzed, the amide group is converted to a primary amino group.
[0003]
As N-vinylamide, N-vinylformamide and N-vinylacetamide are usually used, both of which are produced through a thermal decomposition step. One of the typical production methods is a method of thermally decomposing each corresponding N- (α-alkoxyethyl) amide.
[0004]
N-vinylamide is a highly reactive substance and easily decomposes or polymerizes. Therefore, when N-vinylamide is obtained from the pyrolysis mixture by distillation during the production process, various methods have been proposed in order to avoid decomposition and polymerization (see JP-A Nos. 62-19352 and 63-246659). ). It has also been proposed to add various stabilizers to stabilize the N-vinylamide during storage or distillation (see JP-A-61-289068, JP-A-2-270846, and JP-A-6-122660). ).
[0005]
[Problems to be solved by the invention]
However, these known stabilization methods are still not always satisfactory.
Accordingly, the present invention provides a method for stabilizing N-vinylamide, particularly a method for obtaining purified N-vinylamide by preventing loss of N-vinylformamide during distillation.
[0006]
[Means for Solving the Problems]
According to the present invention, by adding an alkali-modified products of a quinone to N- vinylamide, it can significantly improve the stability of N- vinylamide. The present invention will be described in detail. The N-vinylamide to be stabilized in the present invention may be a crude product or a purified product. That is, the stabilizer used in the present invention is added to N-vinylamide before distillation purification obtained from the pyrolysis step in the production process of N-vinylamide, and distilled in the presence of the stabilizer. Stabilization in the distillation process can be achieved. In addition, it can be added to purified N-vinylamide to enhance stability during storage and transportation.
[0007]
Stabilizers to be added in the present invention is an alkali-modified products of quinones. The alkali-modified product is produced when the quinone solution is made alkaline, and its details are unknown, but it is non-volatile and presumed to be a polymer of quinones. The alkali modified product, a quinone dissolved in a solution in a solvent such as methanol and allowed to stand at room temperature by adding it to 10 3 mol / 1 about a very small amount of sodium hydroxide or potassium hydroxide, tens minutes to Produces easily in a few hours. The change of quinones to an alkali-modified product can be easily confirmed because quinones are not detected even when the solution is analyzed by liquid chromatography. Moreover, even if this solution is analyzed by gas chromatography, quinones and those considered to be decomposition products thereof are not detected. Therefore, it is presumed that quinones are polymerized into a high boiling point polymer. Alkaline modified products of quinones may be added to N-vinylamide prepared in advance, or quinones are added to alkaline N-vinylamide to produce alkali modified products in N-vinylamide. You may let them. Thus, when producing | generating an alkali modified material in N-vinylamide, it is preferable that N-vinylamide is pH8 or more, and generally the one where alkalinity is large is quicker in production | generation of alkali modified material. The pH of N-vinylamide is measured by dissolving 1 part by volume of N-vinylamide in 5 parts by volume of water.
[0008]
Quinones are diketone compounds made by moving two CH atom groups in an aromatic hydrocarbon ring into CO atom groups and moving them as much as necessary to make double bonds into a quinoid structure. Examples of quinone compounds include benzoquinones such as p-benzoquinone and o-benzoquinone, naphthoquinones, and anthraquinones. The ring of these quinone compounds may have a substituent, and examples of the substituent include a hydroxyl group, an alkyl group having about 1 to 4 carbon atoms, and an alkoxyalkyl group. Specific examples of the compound include methyl-p-benzoquinone, 4-o-toluquinone, o-xyloquinone, p-xyloquinone, m-xyloquinone, 4,5-xylo-o-quinone, methoxy-p-benzoquinone, and diphenoquinone. Is done. Among the above quinones, benzoquinones are preferable, and p-benzoquinone is particularly preferable.
[0009]
In addition, in the case of preparing an alkali-modified product of quinones in advance, a solvent in which quinones are dissolved in methanol, ethanol, water, toluene, benzene, formamide, etc. and can be easily separated from N-vinylamide by distillation. The quinones are dissolved so as to be 5 to 150 g / l, and an alkali such as caustic soda, caustic potash, sodium carbonate, sodium bicarbonate or the like is added thereto, and the mixture is stirred at room temperature or warming. The amount of alkali added is about 10 −4 to 10 −2 mol / l.
[0010]
The amount of the quinones modified with alkali with respect to N-vinylamide is usually 50 to 10,000 ppm, preferably 100 to 5000 ppm as quinones before modification . If the amount added is small, sufficient effects cannot be achieved. On the other hand, if the addition amount is too large, the stabilizing effect is saturated and not only meaningless, but in some cases, the use of N-vinylamide may be adversely affected .
[0011]
In terms of stabilization of N-vinylamide, both quinones and alkali-modified products thereof are effective, but usually alkali-modified products are preferably used. Because quinones generally act as polymerization inhibitors, it is desirable that the stabilized N-vinylamide be distilled before use to remove the quinones. However, since quinones have a relatively high vapor pressure, they may be distilled together with N-vinylamide during distillation. On the other hand, alkali-modified products of quinones are non-volatile and can be easily removed from N-vinylamide by distillation.
[0012]
【Example】
EXAMPLES The present invention will be described more specifically with reference to the following examples. However, the present invention is not limited to the following examples unless it exceeds the gist. In the following examples, meq represents milliequivalents (10 −3 equivalents). Moreover, the decomposition rate and the polymer production amount were calculated by the following.
Decomposition rate (%): N-vinylamide concentration before and after heating was analyzed by liquid chromatography, and expressed as (concentration before heating−concentration after heating) / concentration before heating × 100.
Polymer production amount (ppm): 250 g of acetone is added to 50 g of the heated solution, and the precipitated insoluble matter is collected by filtration with a 0.5 micron Teflon filter. This was dried under reduced pressure at 60 ° C. until reaching a constant weight, and expressed as (dry weight of insoluble matter / 50) × 10 6 .
[0013]
[ Reference Examples 1 to 13 ]
Crude N-vinylformamide (92% N-vinylformamide, 4.2% formamide, other organic matter) obtained by distilling off most of methanol from the thermal decomposition product of N- (α-methoxyethyl) formamide by distillation under reduced pressure. 3.8%), the reagents shown in Table 1 were added. This was heated at 110 ° C. for 1 hour under normal pressure and nitrogen sealing. The results are shown in Table-1.
[0014]
[Table 1]
[0015]
[Example 1 ]
p-Benzoquinone (parabenzoquinone) was dissolved in methanol to a concentration of 5%. Caustic soda was added to this solution so that it might become 20 meq / kg, and it stirred at 20 degreeC for 3 hours. When analyzed by liquid chromatography, p-benzoquinone was not detected (detection lower limit 50 ppm), and all were converted to alkali-modified products.
[0016]
To the same crude N-vinylformamide as in Reference Example 2 , the alkali-modified product of p-benzoquinone obtained above was added to give 3000 ppm as p-benzoquinone. This crude N-vinylformamide was subjected to simple distillation under a reduced pressure of 5 torr at a bath temperature of 110 ° C. to distill 90% of the N-vinylformamide. The distilled N-vinylformamide was analyzed by liquid chromatography, but no p-benzoquinone was detected. On the other hand, when p-benzoquinone was added to 3000 ppm instead of the alkali-modified product and immediately distilled, 1550 ppm of p-benzoquinone was contained in the distilled N-vinylformamide.
[0017]
[Example 2 ]
In the same crude N-vinylformamide as in Reference Example 2 , p-benzoquinone was dissolved to a concentration of 5%. Caustic soda was added to this so that it might become 50 meq / kg, and it stirred at 10 degreeC for 1 hour. Thereafter, when analyzed by liquid chromatography, p-benzoquinone was not detected and was all converted to an alkali-modified product. The above solution was subjected to simple distillation at a bath temperature of 110 ° C. under a reduced pressure of 5 torr to distill 90% of N-vinylformamide. No p-benzoquinone was detected in the distilled N-vinylformamide.
[0018]
[Example 3 ]
Thermal stability in exactly the same manner as in Reference Example 2 , except that the same crude N-vinylformamide as in Reference Example 2 was added with the alkali-modified product of p-benzoquinone prepared in Example 1 or 2 instead of p-benzoquinone. A test was conducted. As a result, no significant difference was observed between the decomposition rate and the polymer production amount when p-benzoquinone was added.
[0019]
【The invention's effect】
According to the present invention, requiring only the addition of the alkaline denaturation of quinones to N- vinylamide,
The stability of N-vinylamide can be significantly improved.
Claims (9)
Priority Applications (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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JP12005995A JP3622264B2 (en) | 1994-05-30 | 1995-05-18 | Method for stabilizing N-vinylamide |
Applications Claiming Priority (3)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
JP6-116533 | 1994-05-30 | ||
JP11653394 | 1994-05-30 | ||
JP12005995A JP3622264B2 (en) | 1994-05-30 | 1995-05-18 | Method for stabilizing N-vinylamide |
Publications (2)
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JPH0848657A JPH0848657A (en) | 1996-02-20 |
JP3622264B2 true JP3622264B2 (en) | 2005-02-23 |
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JP12005995A Expired - Lifetime JP3622264B2 (en) | 1994-05-30 | 1995-05-18 | Method for stabilizing N-vinylamide |
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DE19609312A1 (en) * | 1996-03-09 | 1997-09-11 | Basf Ag | Stabilized monomer composition |
JP3584601B2 (en) * | 1996-03-11 | 2004-11-04 | ダイヤニトリックス株式会社 | Method for stabilizing N-vinylcarboxylic acid amide |
DE19711925B9 (en) * | 1996-04-01 | 2008-04-17 | Mitsubishi Chemical Corp. | Process for the purification of N-vinylformamide |
WO2021117609A1 (en) * | 2019-12-12 | 2021-06-17 | 昭和電工株式会社 | N-vinyl acetamide-containing composition and method for producing same |
-
1995
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