JP3584611B2 - Method for preserving and purifying N-vinylcarboxylic acid amide - Google Patents

Method for preserving and purifying N-vinylcarboxylic acid amide Download PDF

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JP3584611B2
JP3584611B2 JP15455896A JP15455896A JP3584611B2 JP 3584611 B2 JP3584611 B2 JP 3584611B2 JP 15455896 A JP15455896 A JP 15455896A JP 15455896 A JP15455896 A JP 15455896A JP 3584611 B2 JP3584611 B2 JP 3584611B2
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Prior art keywords
acid amide
vinylcarboxylic acid
alcohol
weight
vinylformamide
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JPH101462A (en
Inventor
眞一 佐藤
孝博 押田
洋 泉川
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Dia Nitrix Co Ltd
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Dia Nitrix Co Ltd
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Description

【0001】
【発明の属する技術分野】
本発明はN−ビニルカルボン酸アミドの保存方法に関する。また、N−ビニルカルボン酸アミドの損失を防止するN−ビニルカルボン酸アミドの精製方法に関する。
【0002】
【従来の技術】
N−ビニルカルボン酸アミドは、一般式
【0003】
【化1】
CH=CHNHCOR
(式中、Rは水素原子またはアルキル基を表す。)
で示され、N−ビニルアミドあるいはN−ビニルアシルアミドとも呼ばれている重合性に富む化合物であり、具体的にはN−ビニルホルムアミドやN−ビニルアセトアミドなどが例示される。該化合物は、単独で重合させるか又は他のビニル化合物と共重合させて、種々の特性を有する重合物を得ることができる。この重合物を加水分解してそのアミド基を1級アミノ基に転換して得られるポリビニルアミン等の水溶性ポリマーの原料、あるいは有機薬品の中間体として有用であることが知られている。
【0004】
N−ビニルカルボン酸アミドは重合性に富む物質である一方、分解または重合して損失されやすい。また、加熱により熱重合させたときの重合体は、多くの場合不溶不融の架橋物を与え、装置の閉塞などを引き起こす。このため、製造工程ならびに貯蔵の際の保存方法として、種々の方法が提案されている。不純物を除去ないし失活させる方法(特開昭62−195352、特開昭63−190862、特開平6−122661)、安定剤を添加する方法(特開昭61−289068、特開昭62−190153、特開平2−270846、特開平6−122660、特開平6−41034、特開平8−48657)などがある。
【0005】
【発明が解決しようとする課題】
以上の方法の中では安定剤を用いた保存方法が比較的簡便であり、その効果も認められるが、安定剤の種類によっては、毒性、昇華性が強い、あるいは着色するなどの理由で、その使用が制限される場合がある。また、安定化剤を含むようなN−ビニルカルボン酸アミドを精製して、更に高純度化するためには、精留塔を用いて連続蒸留する方法が最も効果的であると考えられるが、その場合、安定化剤の存在下の連続蒸留であっても、熱重合反応により不溶不融のポリマーが生成して蒸留装置の閉塞を引き起こし、その結果、蒸留回収率が極端に低下したり、蒸留の継続が困難となることがあった。
【0006】
【課題を解決するための手段】
本発明者等は、以上の問題点に鑑み、N−ビニルカルボン酸アミドの精製、移動、貯蔵などの取り扱いにおいて、分解または重合による損失の抑制に有効なN−ビニルカルボン酸アミドの保存方法について鋭意検討を行った結果、N−ビニルカルボン酸アミドの保存安定剤として特定のアルコール類化合物が有効であることを見出し、本発明に到達した。即ち、本発明は、N−ビニルカルボン酸アミドに、安定化剤として、アルコール性水酸基の含有率が12重量%以上であるアルコール類を添加することを特徴とするN−ビニルカルボン酸アミドの保存方法、ないし、N−ビニルカルボン酸アミドに対して、アルコール性水酸基の含有率が12重量%以上であるアルコール類を1〜500重量%添加した液を、連続的に精留塔で蒸留することを特徴とするN−ビニルカルボン酸アミドの精製方法に存する。
【0007】
【発明の実施の形態】
以下、本発明について詳細に説明する。本発明の対象となるN−ビニルカルボン酸アミドの製造方法は特に限定されない。その製造方法としては、N−(α−アルコキシエチル)ホルムアミドからアルコールを脱離させる方法(米国特許明細書3,914,304号)、ホルミルアラニンニトリルからシアン化水素を脱離させる方法(特開昭61−134359)、及び、エチレンビスホルムアミドあるいはエチリデンビスアセトアミドを熱分解する方法(米国特許第4,018,826号、同4,490,557号、同4,578,515号)などがある。これらの方法は、いずれも、減圧下、100℃以上の高温で熱分解して、N−ビニルカルボン酸アミドを得るものである。N−ビニルカルボン酸アミドは、通常、該熱分解混合液より蒸留により、通常80重量%以上の純度の粗N−ビニルカルボン酸アミドが回収される。また、本発明で安定化の対象となるN−ビニルカルボン酸アミドは以上のような粗製品でもよいし、精製品であってもよい。
【0008】
本発明でN−ビニルカルボン酸アミドに添加する安定剤は、アルコール性水酸基の含有率が12重量%以上であるアルコール類である。ここでいうアルコール性水酸基の含有率とは、以下の式に基づいて算出した値をいう。
【0009】
【式1】
アルコール性水酸基の含有率(重量%)=(アルコール性水酸基の数)×17÷(アルコール類の分子量)×100
【0010】
このようなアルコール類は、アルコール類の炭素数が通常2〜8、好ましくは3〜8程度のものに該当するが、具体的には、エタノール、プロパノール、ブタノール、ペンタノール、ヘキサノール、ヘプタノール、オクタノール、シクロヘキサノール、ベンジルアルコール、エチレングリコール、ジエチレングリコール、トリエチレングリコール、ブタンジオール、グリセリンなどが挙げられるが、特にベンジルアルコール、エチレングリコール、ジエチレングリコール、トリエチレングリコール、ブタンジオール、グリセリンが好ましい。これらのアルコール類は、単独で用いても、あるいはそれらの混合物を用いてもよい。このようなアルコール類の共存下では、N−ビニルカルボン酸アミドの熱重合が有効に抑制されるが、アルコール性水酸基の含有率が12重量%未満のものを用いた場合には、有効な安定化効果が得られない。従って、安定化に寄与する要因は、単なる希釈効果だけではなく、特定アルコール類の化学的な作用が関係していると考えられる。
【0011】
上記のアルコール類の添加量は、通常N−ビニルカルボン酸アミドに対して、通常1〜500重量%、好ましくは5〜100重量%とするのがよい。添加量がこれより少ない場合には充分な安定化効果が得られず、また、添加量が多すぎると、アルコール類を後で分離する場合の負荷が大きくなるので実用的ではない。以上のようなアルコール類を添加したN−ビニルカルボン酸アミドは、少なくとも1日以上、ひいては長期間保存する場合において、N−ビニルカルボン酸アミド成分の保存安定性が顕著に向上する。また、保存安定性の効果は、N−ビニルカルボン酸アミドの蒸留精製などにおいて応用することができる。即ち、N−ビニルカルボン酸アミドに対して、アルコール性水酸基の含有率が12重量%以上であるアルコール類を1〜500重量%、好ましくは5〜100重量%添加した液は、蒸留等の加熱処理に対するN−ビニルカルボン酸アミドの安定性が向上しているので、精留塔などを用いて蒸留精製する場合、蒸留塔内での熱重合を抑制しつつ、安定に蒸留精製を実施することができる。塔の構造は一般的な蒸留塔と同様に、充填式、棚段式などが例示されうる。理論段数としては、5〜100段程度、環流比としては1〜30程度が選ばれる。蒸留の操作条件には特に制限はないが、工業的に実施しやすい条件は、通常、精留塔の塔頂圧力が0.1〜3KPa、対応する塔頂温度が50〜100℃程度である。
【0012】
【実施例】
以下に実施例により本発明をさらに具体的に説明するが、本発明はその要旨を越えない限り、以下の実施例に限定されるものではない。なお、実施例において「%」は、「重量%」を意味する。
実施例1〜4、比較例1〜2
N−(α−メトキシエチル)ホルムアミドの熱分解反応液を、減圧下に薄膜蒸発器を用いて蒸留し、メタノール等の軽沸不純物と高沸の分解物を除去してN−ビニルホルムアミドを得た。液体クロマトグラフィーによりこのN−ビニルホルムアミドの組成を分析したところ、N−ビニルホルムアミド92%、ホルムアミド4%、メタノール2%、その他有機物2%であった。以下の実施例では、この粗N−ビニルホルムアミドを原料として用いた。
【0013】
粗N−ビニルホルムアミドに表−1に示すアルコール類を、粗N−ビニルホルムアミドに対して、アルコール類の含有量が10重量%になるように添加混合した。この混合液を、常圧、窒素下で110℃で、4時間加熱処理した。加熱処理液を液体クロマトグラフィーにより分析し、加熱処理液の組成を求めた。結果を表−1に示す。表−1において、水の添加量は、N−ビニルホルムアミドに対する重量%を示す。二量体とは、N−ビニルホルムアミドの二量体を意味する。
表−1から明らかなように、OH基の含有率の高いアルコール類を添加したものについては、N−ビニルホルムアミドの分解が抑制され、同時に不溶性ポリマーの発生が抑制される。
【0014】
【表1】

Figure 0003584611
【0015】
実施例5
長さ1m、直径5cmの塔に規則充填材(住友スルーザーラボパッキン)を充填した精留塔装置を用いて、粗N−ビニルホルムアミドの連続蒸留を実施した。粗N−ビニルホルムアミドに対してトリエチレングリコールを、トリエチレングリコールの含有量が20重量%になるように添加した。この原料を、蒸留塔の中段に連続的に供給しながら蒸留した。塔頂から純度99.0%のN−ビニルホルムアミドを連続的に得た。24時間の運転後、塔を解放して調べたが不溶性ポリマーの発生は全く認められなかった。
【0016】
比較例3
粗N−ビニルホルムアミドのみを、蒸留塔の中段に連続的に供給した以外は実施例5と同様に蒸留を行い、塔頂から純度99.0%のN−ビニルホルムアミドを連続的に得た。24時間の運転後、塔を解放して調べると、原料供給段に不溶性ポリマーの発生を認めた。
【0017】
【発明の効果】
本発明によれば、N−ビニルカルボン酸アミドを安定に保存することができる。また、分解または重合によるN−ビニルカルボン酸アミドの損失を防止し、高純度のN−ビニルカルボン酸アミドを得ることができる。[0001]
TECHNICAL FIELD OF THE INVENTION
The present invention relates to a method for storing N-vinylcarboxylic acid amide. The present invention also relates to a method for purifying N-vinylcarboxylic acid amide which prevents loss of N-vinylcarboxylic acid amide.
[0002]
[Prior art]
N-vinylcarboxylic acid amide has the general formula:
Embedded image
CH 2 CHCHNHCOR
(In the formula, R represents a hydrogen atom or an alkyl group.)
Is a compound having high polymerizability also called N-vinylamide or N-vinylacylamide, and specific examples thereof include N-vinylformamide and N-vinylacetamide. The compound can be polymerized alone or copolymerized with another vinyl compound to obtain a polymer having various properties. It is known that this polymer is hydrolyzed to convert its amide group into a primary amino group, and is useful as a raw material of a water-soluble polymer such as polyvinylamine or an intermediate of an organic chemical.
[0004]
N-vinyl carboxylic acid amide is a substance having high polymerizability, but is easily decomposed or polymerized and lost. In addition, the polymer when thermally polymerized by heating gives an insoluble and infusible crosslinked product in many cases, causing blockage of the device. For this reason, various methods have been proposed as a manufacturing method and a storage method during storage. A method for removing or deactivating impurities (Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open Nos. 62-195352, 63-190862, and 6-122661) and a method for adding a stabilizer (Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open Nos. 61-289068 and 62-190153). , JP-A-2-270846, JP-A-6-122660, JP-A-6-41034, JP-A-8-48657).
[0005]
[Problems to be solved by the invention]
Among the above methods, the preservation method using a stabilizer is relatively simple, and its effect is also recognized, but depending on the type of the stabilizer, toxicity, strong sublimability, or due to coloring, Use may be restricted. In order to further purify and further purify N-vinylcarboxylic acid amide containing a stabilizer, it is considered that a method of continuous distillation using a rectification column is most effective, In that case, even in continuous distillation in the presence of a stabilizer, an insoluble and infusible polymer is generated by the thermal polymerization reaction, causing the distillation apparatus to be blocked, and as a result, the distillation recovery rate is extremely reduced, Continuation of distillation was sometimes difficult.
[0006]
[Means for Solving the Problems]
In view of the above problems, the present inventors have considered a method for preserving N-vinylcarboxylic acid amide that is effective in suppressing loss due to decomposition or polymerization in handling such as purification, transfer, and storage of N-vinylcarboxylic acid amide. As a result of intensive studies, they have found that a specific alcohol compound is effective as a storage stabilizer for N-vinylcarboxylic acid amide, and have reached the present invention. That is, the present invention is characterized in that an alcohol having an alcoholic hydroxyl group content of 12% by weight or more is added as a stabilizer to N-vinylcarboxylic acid amide. A method wherein a liquid obtained by adding 1 to 500% by weight of an alcohol having an alcoholic hydroxyl group content of 12% by weight or more to N-vinylcarboxylic acid amide is continuously distilled in a rectification column. A method for purifying N-vinylcarboxylic acid amide characterized by the following.
[0007]
BEST MODE FOR CARRYING OUT THE INVENTION
Hereinafter, the present invention will be described in detail. The method for producing the N-vinylcarboxylic acid amide that is the subject of the present invention is not particularly limited. Examples of the production method include a method of removing an alcohol from N- (α-alkoxyethyl) formamide (U.S. Pat. No. 3,914,304) and a method of removing hydrogen cyanide from formylalanine nitrile (Japanese Unexamined Patent Publication No. Sho 61). -134359) and a method of thermally decomposing ethylenebisformamide or ethylidenebisacetamide (U.S. Pat. Nos. 4,018,826, 4,490,557, and 4,578,515). In any of these methods, N-vinylcarboxylic amide is obtained by thermal decomposition at a high temperature of 100 ° C. or more under reduced pressure. The N-vinylcarboxylic acid amide is usually recovered from the pyrolysis mixture by distillation to obtain a crude N-vinylcarboxylic acid amide having a purity of usually 80% by weight or more. The N-vinylcarboxylic acid amide to be stabilized in the present invention may be a crude product as described above or a purified product.
[0008]
The stabilizer to be added to the N-vinylcarboxylic acid amide in the present invention is an alcohol having an alcoholic hydroxyl group content of 12% by weight or more. Here, the content of the alcoholic hydroxyl group refers to a value calculated based on the following equation.
[0009]
(Equation 1)
Alcoholic hydroxyl group content (% by weight) = (number of alcoholic hydroxyl groups) × 17 ÷ (molecular weight of alcohols) × 100
[0010]
Such alcohols correspond to alcohols having usually 2 to 8, preferably 3 to 8 carbon atoms, and specifically include ethanol, propanol, butanol, pentanol, hexanol, heptanol, octanol. , Cyclohexanol, benzyl alcohol, ethylene glycol, diethylene glycol, triethylene glycol, butanediol, glycerin and the like, with benzyl alcohol, ethylene glycol, diethylene glycol, triethylene glycol, butanediol and glycerin being particularly preferred. These alcohols may be used alone or a mixture thereof. In the coexistence of such alcohols, thermal polymerization of N-vinylcarboxylic acid amide is effectively suppressed. However, when an alcoholic hydroxyl group content of less than 12% by weight is used, effective stable polymerization is achieved. No conversion effect can be obtained. Therefore, it is considered that the factors contributing to stabilization are related not only to the mere dilution effect but also to the chemical action of specific alcohols.
[0011]
The amount of the alcohols to be added is usually 1 to 500% by weight, preferably 5 to 100% by weight, based on the N-vinylcarboxylic acid amide. If the added amount is less than this, a sufficient stabilizing effect cannot be obtained, and if the added amount is too large, the load for separating the alcohols later increases, which is not practical. The storage stability of the N-vinylcarboxylic acid amide component is remarkably improved when the N-vinylcarboxylic acid amide to which the above-mentioned alcohols are added is stored for at least one day or longer, and thus for a long period of time. Further, the effect of storage stability can be applied to the purification of N-vinylcarboxylic acid amide by distillation. That is, a liquid obtained by adding 1 to 500% by weight, preferably 5 to 100% by weight of an alcohol having an alcoholic hydroxyl group content of 12% by weight or more to N-vinylcarboxylic acid amide is heated by distillation or the like. Since the stability of N-vinyl carboxylic acid amide to the treatment is improved, when performing distillation purification using a rectification column or the like, it is necessary to stably perform distillation purification while suppressing thermal polymerization in the distillation column. Can be. As the structure of the column, as in a general distillation column, a packed type, a tray type, and the like can be exemplified. The number of theoretical plates is selected from about 5 to 100, and the reflux ratio is selected from about 1 to 30. There are no particular restrictions on the operating conditions for distillation, but conditions that are industrially feasible are usually those where the top pressure of the rectification column is 0.1 to 3 KPa and the corresponding top temperature is about 50 to 100 ° C. .
[0012]
【Example】
Hereinafter, the present invention will be described more specifically with reference to examples. However, the present invention is not limited to the following examples unless it exceeds the gist of the present invention. In Examples, "%" means "% by weight".
Examples 1-4, Comparative Examples 1-2
The thermal decomposition reaction solution of N- (α-methoxyethyl) formamide is distilled using a thin-film evaporator under reduced pressure to remove light-boiling impurities such as methanol and high-boiling decomposed products to obtain N-vinylformamide. Was. When the composition of this N-vinylformamide was analyzed by liquid chromatography, it was 92% of N-vinylformamide, 4% of formamide, 2% of methanol, and 2% of other organic substances. In the following examples, this crude N-vinylformamide was used as a raw material.
[0013]
Alcohols shown in Table 1 were added to the crude N-vinylformamide and mixed with the crude N-vinylformamide such that the alcohol content was 10% by weight. This mixture was heat-treated at 110 ° C. under nitrogen under normal pressure for 4 hours. The heat-treated liquid was analyzed by liquid chromatography to determine the composition of the heat-treated liquid. The results are shown in Table 1. In Table 1, the amount of water added is represented by% by weight based on N-vinylformamide. By dimer is meant a dimer of N-vinylformamide.
As is clear from Table 1, in the case where an alcohol having a high OH group content is added, the decomposition of N-vinylformamide is suppressed, and at the same time, the generation of an insoluble polymer is suppressed.
[0014]
[Table 1]
Figure 0003584611
[0015]
Example 5
Continuous distillation of crude N-vinylformamide was carried out using a rectification column apparatus in which a column having a length of 1 m and a diameter of 5 cm was filled with a structured packing material (Sumitomo Sulzer Lab Packing). Triethylene glycol was added to the crude N-vinylformamide such that the content of triethylene glycol was 20% by weight. This raw material was distilled while being continuously supplied to the middle stage of the distillation column. N-vinylformamide having a purity of 99.0% was continuously obtained from the top of the tower. After 24 hours of operation, the column was opened and examined, but no formation of insoluble polymer was observed.
[0016]
Comparative Example 3
Distillation was carried out in the same manner as in Example 5 except that only crude N-vinylformamide was continuously supplied to the middle stage of the distillation column, and N-vinylformamide having a purity of 99.0% was continuously obtained from the top of the column. After 24 hours of operation, the column was released and examined, and the formation of insoluble polymer was found in the feed stage.
[0017]
【The invention's effect】
According to the present invention, N-vinylcarboxylic acid amide can be stably stored. Further, loss of N-vinylcarboxylic acid amide due to decomposition or polymerization can be prevented, and high-purity N-vinylcarboxylic acid amide can be obtained.

Claims (9)

N−ビニルカルボン酸アミドに、安定剤として、アルコール性水酸基の含有率が12重量%以上であるアルコール類を添加することを特徴とするN−ビニルカルボン酸アミドの保存方法。A method for preserving N-vinylcarboxylic acid amide, comprising adding an alcohol having an alcoholic hydroxyl group content of 12% by weight or more as a stabilizer to N-vinylcarboxylic acid amide. N−ビニルカルボン酸アミドに対して、アルコール類を1〜500重量%添加することを特徴とする請求項1の保存方法。2. The method according to claim 1, wherein the alcohol is added in an amount of 1 to 500% by weight based on N-vinylcarboxylic acid amide. アルコール類の炭素数が2〜8であることを特徴とする請求項1又は2の保存方法。3. The method according to claim 1, wherein the alcohol has 2 to 8 carbon atoms. アルコール類が、ベンジルアルコール、エチレングリコール、ジエチレングリコール、トリエチレングリコール、ブタンジオール又はグリセリンであることを特徴とする請求項1ないし3のいずれかの保存方法。The method according to any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein the alcohol is benzyl alcohol, ethylene glycol, diethylene glycol, triethylene glycol, butanediol or glycerin. N−ビニルカルボン酸アミドが、N−ビニルホルムアミドであることを特徴とする請求項1ないし4のいずれかの保存方法。The method according to any one of claims 1 to 4, wherein the N-vinyl carboxylic acid amide is N-vinyl formamide. N−ビニルカルボン酸アミドに対して、アルコール性水酸基の含有率が12重量%以上であるアルコール類を1〜500重量%添加した液を、連続的に精留塔で蒸留することを特徴とするN−ビニルカルボン酸アミドの精製方法。A liquid obtained by adding 1 to 500% by weight of an alcohol having an alcoholic hydroxyl group content of 12% by weight or more to N-vinylcarboxylic acid amide is continuously distilled in a rectification column. A method for purifying N-vinylcarboxylic acid amide. アルコール類の炭素数が2〜8であることを特徴とする請求項6の精製方法。7. The method according to claim 6, wherein the alcohol has 2 to 8 carbon atoms. アルコール類が、ベンジルアルコール、エチレングリコール、ジエチレングリコール、トリエチレングリコール、ブタンジオール又はグリセリンであることを特徴とする請求項6又は7の精製方法。8. The method according to claim 6, wherein the alcohol is benzyl alcohol, ethylene glycol, diethylene glycol, triethylene glycol, butanediol or glycerin. N−ビニルカルボン酸アミドが、N−ビニルホルムアミドであることを特徴とする請求項6ないし8のいずれかの精製方法。9. The method according to claim 6, wherein the N-vinylcarboxylic acid amide is N-vinylformamide.
JP15455896A 1996-06-14 1996-06-14 Method for preserving and purifying N-vinylcarboxylic acid amide Expired - Lifetime JP3584611B2 (en)

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