JP3616046B2 - Method for treating shark skin and method for producing collagen - Google Patents
Method for treating shark skin and method for producing collagen Download PDFInfo
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Description
【０００１】
【発明の属する技術分野】
本発明は、サメ皮から鱗を除去するのに適したサメ皮の処理方法およびサメ皮からコラーゲンを得るためのコラーゲン製造方法に関する。
【０００２】
【従来の技術】
近年、コラーゲンが美容や健康などへの効果から着目されている。従来、コラーゲンは、牛、豚等の動物から抽出するのが一般的であるが、魚、特にサメ皮の真皮にコラーゲンが多量に含まれていることが知られている。サメ皮からコラーゲンを抽出する場合、皮に鱗が付いた状態で抽出を行っている。しかしながら、皮に鱗が付いた状態で抽出を行うと、コラーゲンに不純物が混入し、純粋なコラーゲンが抽出できないという課題があった。
【０００３】
その課題を解決するため、コラーゲン抽出の前処理として、サメ皮から鱗を除去することが望まれる。従来、サメ皮から鱗を除去する方法として、サメ皮を６０℃〜７０℃の湯で煮る方法がある。しかしながら、サメ皮を煮た場合、コラーゲンは３０℃以上の温度で加熱すると、変性してしまい、純粋なコラーゲンを抽出することができないという課題があった。
【０００４】
【発明が解決しようとする課題】
本発明は、このような従来の課題に着目してなされたもので、コラーゲンを変性させずにサメ皮から鱗を除去するのに適したサメ皮の処理方法およびサメ皮から純度が高いコラーゲンを得るためのコラーゲン製造方法に関する。
【０００５】
【課題を解決するための手段】
上記目的を達成するために、本発明に係るサメ皮の処理方法は、サメ皮を硫化ナトリウムまたは水酸化ナトリウムで処理する第１工程と、第１工程後のサメ皮を消石灰で処理する第２工程と、第２工程後のサメ皮を水洗いする第３工程と、第３工程後のサメ皮を硫酸アンモニウムおよび塩化ナトリウムで処理する第４工程と、第４工程後のサメ皮を塩酸または酢酸および塩化ナトリウムの水溶液に浸漬する第５工程と、第５工程後のサメ皮を水洗いする第６工程と、第６工程後のサメ皮を水に浸漬する第７工程とを、有することを特徴とする。
【０００６】
本発明に係るコラーゲン製造方法は、サメ皮を硫化ナトリウムまたは水酸化ナトリウムで処理する第１工程と、第１工程後のサメ皮を消石灰で処理する第２工程と、第２工程後のサメ皮を水洗いする第３工程と、第３工程後のサメ皮を硫酸アンモニウムおよび塩化ナトリウムで処理する第４工程と、第４工程後のサメ皮を塩酸または酢酸および塩化ナトリウムの水溶液に浸漬する第５工程と、第５工程後のサメ皮を水洗いする第６工程と、第６工程後のサメ皮を水に浸漬する第７工程と、第７工程後のサメ皮から鱗を除去する第８工程と、第８工程後のサメ皮からコラーゲンを抽出する第９工程とを、有することを特徴とする。
【０００７】
本発明において、サメ皮には、ヨシキリザメその他のサメの皮を用いることができる。なお、本明細書中で、「サメ皮」は、サメの鰭を含む概念である。
第１工程の処理は、サメ皮を硫化ナトリウムまたは水酸化ナトリウムの水溶液に浸漬して行っても、その粉末で覆って行ってもよい。第１工程の処理時間は、２０分〜１時間３０分位が好ましい。硫化ナトリウムに浸漬する場合の濃度は、水１リットルあたり８ｇ乃至１５ｇが好ましい。水酸化ナトリウムに浸漬する場合の濃度は、水１リットルあたり８ｇ乃至１８ｇが好ましい。
【０００８】
第２工程の処理は、サメ皮を浸漬した水溶液に消石灰を入れて行っても、サメ皮を消石灰の粉末で覆って行ってもよい。第２工程の処理時間は、２０分〜１時間３０分位が好ましい。消石灰に浸漬する場合の濃度は、水１リットルあたり５０ｇ乃至１６０ｇが好ましい。第４工程の処理は、サメ皮を硫酸アンモニウムおよび塩化ナトリウムの水溶液に浸漬して行っても、それらの混合粉末で覆って行ってもよい。第４工程の処理時間は、１時間前後が好ましい。浸漬する場合の濃度は、水１リットルあたり硫酸アンモニウムが６ｇ乃至１３ｇ、塩化ナトリウムが８ｇ乃至１８ｇが好ましい。
【０００９】
第５工程の処理時間は、３０分〜２時間位が好ましい。第５工程の水溶液の濃度は、水１リットルあたり１Ｎ塩酸の場合、７０ｇ乃至１５０ｇ、酢酸の場合、１５０ｇ乃至２５０ｇ、塩化ナトリウムが８ｇ乃至１８ｇが好ましい。第７工程の処理時間は、一昼夜が好ましい。
【００１０】
本発明に係るサメ皮の処理方法によれば、第７工程後のサメ皮は、鱗を容易に除去できるものであって、さらに表皮と真皮とに容易に分離することができる。分離した真皮は、コラーゲン含量が高く、コラーゲンの材料として適している。本発明に係るサメ皮の処理方法は、加熱処理を行わないため、コラーゲンを変性させずにサメ皮から鱗を除去する前処理として適している。
【００１１】
本発明に係るコラーゲン製造方法によれば、第１工程乃至第７工程の処理によりサメ皮は鱗を容易に除去できるものとなり、さらに表皮と真皮とに容易に分離できるものとなる。第１工程乃至第８工程の処理では加熱処理を行わないため、第８工程でコラーゲンを変性させずにサメ皮から鱗を除去することができる。第９工程でサメ皮から抽出したコラーゲンは、臭気が除去され、純度が高いものが抽出される。なお、第９工程では、サメ皮から真皮を分離し、分離した真皮からコラーゲンを抽出することが好ましい。分離した真皮は、コラーゲン含量が高いためである。しかしながら、第９工程は、サメ皮から真皮を分離するだけの処理から成ってもよい。
【００１２】
本発明に係るサメ皮の処理方法の後に鱗を除去されたサメ皮および本発明に係るコラーゲン製造方法により製造されたコラーゲンは、食品、化粧品、医薬品またはそれらの材料として用いることができる。
【００１３】
【実施例】
以下、本発明の実施例について説明する。
ヨシキリザメを解凍し、生皮又は生鰭を切り取った。その切り取ったサメ皮１ｋｇを、水１リットルあたり４０ｇの硫化ナトリウムを溶解させた水溶液１リットルに１時間、浸漬した。その後、その水溶液中に水１リットルあたり６０ｇの消石灰を投入し、攪拌して１時間、浸漬した。その後、水溶液からサメ皮を取り出し、十分に水洗いした。
【００１４】
水洗い後のサメ皮を、水１リットルあたり４０ｇの硫酸アンモニウムおよび４０ｇの塩化ナトリウムを溶解させた水溶液１リットルに１時間、浸漬した。その後、水溶液からサメ皮を取り出し、十分に水洗いした。水洗い後のサメ皮を、水１リットルあたり３００ｇの１Ｎ塩酸および１００ｇの塩化ナトリウムを溶解させた水溶液１リットルに１時間、浸漬した。その後、水溶液からサメ皮を取り出し、十分に水洗いした。
【００１５】
水洗い後のサメ皮を１昼夜、水槽に入れ、水戻しをした。翌日、水槽から取り出したサメ皮の表面をこすって、鱗を除去した。こうして、加熱処理を行わずに、サメ皮から鱗を２０℃の常温で容易に除去することができた。鱗を除去したサメ皮から真皮を剥がし、剥がした真皮から常法に従ってコラーゲンを抽出した。コラーゲンは真皮に多く含まれているが、前述の処理により、サメ皮は表皮と真皮とウロコとに容易に分けられるようになる。抽出したコラーゲンは、変性を起こしておらず、臭気が除去され、純度が高いものであった。なお、除去した鱗もまた、未変性のコラーゲンの材料として利用することができる。
【００１６】
【実験】
（サメ皮の分析）
実験は、前記実施例により２０℃で脱鱗したサメ皮（２０℃処理皮）と、６７℃で脱鱗したサメ皮（６７℃処理皮）について行った。実験は、示差走査熱量測定（ＤＳＣ）および比旋光度測定によりコラーゲンの変性・未変性状態を推定することを目的として行った。
【００１７】
（実験方法−示差走査熱量測定（ＤＳＣ））
提供試料のサメ皮を軽く水洗後、湿重量として約５０ｍｇ採取し、７０μｌ容の銀製試料セルに密封して、ＤＳＣ測定（装置の商品名：ＳＳＣ５２００、ＤＳＣ１２０、セイコー電子工業）を行った。測定条件は、昇温速度：２℃／ｍｉｎ、リファレンス：水、炉内雰囲気：ヘリウムガス（流量４０ｍｌ／ｍｉｎ）で行った。
【００１８】
得られたＤＳＣ曲線から、低温側のベースラインと吸熱曲線の最大傾斜点を通る接線との交点を熱変性温度として読み取った。また、ベースラインと吸熱曲線で囲まれた面積から熱変性温度に伴う吸熱エネルギー（熱変性エンタルピー、ΔＨ）を求めた。
【００１９】
（実験方法−比旋光度の測定）
比旋光度測定用のコラーゲン溶液を調製し、調製した試料溶液を比旋光度の測定に供した。測定は、旋光計（商品名：日本分光（株）旋光計ＤＩＰ−１０００型）を用いて、１０ｃｍセルで、温度１０℃および３５℃、波長５８９ｎｍで行った。
【００２０】
ＤＳＣにより測定した熱変性温度と吸熱エネルギー量の結果を表１に示す。比旋光度の結果を表２に示す。また、水分、全灰分、皮質分の測定結果は、以下のとおりである。
水分（ＪＩＳ Ｋ ６５５０に基づく試験）は２０℃処理皮で９５．６％、６７℃処理皮で８０．３％、全灰分（無水物換算、ＪＩＳ Ｋ ６５５０に基づく試験）は２０℃処理皮で０．５％、６７℃処理皮で１．２％、皮質分（無水物換算、但し、全自動窒素分析装置で窒素分を測定し、タンパク質含有量として換算した（換算係数５．６２））は２０℃処理皮で９５．２％、６７℃処理皮で９６．５％であった。
【００２１】
【表１】
【表２】
ＤＳＣと比旋光度の結果から、２０℃処理皮は未変性状態であることが推定される。
【００２４】
【発明の効果】
本発明によれば、コラーゲンを変性させずにサメ皮から鱗を除去するのに適したサメ皮の処理方法およびサメ皮から純度が高いコラーゲンを得るためのコラーゲン製造方法を提供することができる。[0001]
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
The present invention relates to a method for treating shark skin suitable for removing scales from shark skin, and a method for producing collagen for obtaining collagen from shark skin.
[0002]
[Prior art]
In recent years, collagen has attracted attention because of its effects on beauty and health. Conventionally, collagen is generally extracted from animals such as cows and pigs, but it is known that a large amount of collagen is contained in the dermis of fish, particularly shark skin. When extracting collagen from shark skin, extraction is performed with scales on the skin. However, when extraction is performed with the skin scaled, there is a problem that impurities are mixed into collagen and pure collagen cannot be extracted.
[0003]
In order to solve the problem, it is desired to remove scales from shark skin as a pretreatment for collagen extraction. Conventionally, as a method of removing scales from shark skin, there is a method of boiling shark skin with hot water at 60 ° C to 70 ° C. However, when shark skin is boiled, collagen is denatured when heated at a temperature of 30 ° C. or higher, and there is a problem that pure collagen cannot be extracted.
[0004]
[Problems to be solved by the invention]
The present invention has been made by paying attention to such a conventional problem. A method for treating shark skin that is suitable for removing scales from shark skin without denaturing the collagen, and high purity collagen from shark skin. The present invention relates to a method for producing collagen.
[0005]
[Means for Solving the Problems]
In order to achieve the above object, a method for treating shark skin according to the present invention includes a first step of treating shark skin with sodium sulfide or sodium hydroxide, and a second step of treating shark skin after the first step with slaked lime. A step, a third step of washing the shark skin after the second step with water, a fourth step of treating the shark skin after the third step with ammonium sulfate and sodium chloride, and the shark skin after the fourth step with hydrochloric acid or acetic acid and A fifth step of immersing in an aqueous solution of sodium chloride, a sixth step of washing the shark skin after the fifth step with water, and a seventh step of immersing the shark skin after the sixth step in water, To do.
[0006]
The collagen production method according to the present invention includes a first step of treating shark skin with sodium sulfide or sodium hydroxide, a second step of treating shark skin after the first step with slaked lime, and a shark skin after the second step. A third step of washing with water, a fourth step of treating the shark skin after the third step with ammonium sulfate and sodium chloride, and a fifth step of immersing the shark skin after the fourth step in an aqueous solution of hydrochloric acid or acetic acid and sodium chloride And a sixth step of washing the shark skin after the fifth step with water, a seventh step of immersing the shark skin after the sixth step in water, and an eighth step of removing scales from the shark skin after the seventh step, And a ninth step of extracting collagen from the shark skin after the eighth step.
[0007]
In the present invention, blue shark and other shark skins can be used as the shark skin. In the present specification, “shark skin” is a concept including shark wings.
The treatment in the first step may be performed by immersing the shark skin in an aqueous solution of sodium sulfide or sodium hydroxide or covering it with the powder. The treatment time for the first step is preferably about 20 minutes to 1 hour 30 minutes. The concentration when immersed in sodium sulfide is preferably 8 to 15 g per liter of water. The concentration when immersed in sodium hydroxide is preferably 8 to 18 g per liter of water.
[0008]
The treatment in the second step may be performed by putting slaked lime in an aqueous solution in which shark skin is immersed, or by covering the shark skin with slaked lime powder. The treatment time for the second step is preferably about 20 minutes to 1 hour 30 minutes. The concentration when immersed in slaked lime is preferably 50 g to 160 g per liter of water. The treatment in the fourth step may be performed by immersing the shark skin in an aqueous solution of ammonium sulfate and sodium chloride, or covering it with a mixed powder thereof. The treatment time for the fourth step is preferably around 1 hour. The concentration when soaking is preferably 6 to 13 g of ammonium sulfate and 8 to 18 g of sodium chloride per liter of water.
[0009]
The treatment time for the fifth step is preferably about 30 minutes to 2 hours. The concentration of the aqueous solution in the fifth step is preferably 70 to 150 g for 1N hydrochloric acid per liter of water, 150 to 250 g for acetic acid, and 8 to 18 g for sodium chloride. The treatment time for the seventh step is preferably day and night.
[0010]
According to the method for treating shark skin according to the present invention, the shark skin after the seventh step can easily remove scales and can be further easily separated into the epidermis and dermis. The separated dermis has a high collagen content and is suitable as a collagen material. The method for treating shark skin according to the present invention is suitable as a pretreatment for removing scales from shark skin without denaturing collagen because heat treatment is not performed.
[0011]
According to the method for producing collagen according to the present invention, the shark skin can easily remove scales and can be easily separated into epidermis and dermis by the processes of the first to seventh steps. Since the heat treatment is not performed in the processes of the first process to the eighth process, scales can be removed from the shark skin without denaturing the collagen in the eighth process. In the collagen extracted from the shark skin in the ninth step, the odor is removed and a highly purified one is extracted. In the ninth step, it is preferable to separate the dermis from the shark skin and extract collagen from the separated dermis. This is because the separated dermis has a high collagen content. However, the ninth step may consist of a process that only separates the dermis from the shark skin.
[0012]
The shark skin from which scales have been removed after the shark skin treatment method according to the present invention and the collagen produced by the collagen production method according to the present invention can be used as foods, cosmetics, pharmaceuticals or their materials.
[0013]
【Example】
Examples of the present invention will be described below.
The blue shark was thawed and raw skin or ginger was cut off. 1 kg of the cut shark skin was immersed in 1 liter of an aqueous solution in which 40 g of sodium sulfide was dissolved per liter of water for 1 hour. Thereafter, 60 g of slaked lime per liter of water was put into the aqueous solution, stirred and immersed for 1 hour. Thereafter, the shark skin was taken out from the aqueous solution and thoroughly washed with water.
[0014]
The washed shark skin was immersed in 1 liter of an aqueous solution in which 40 g of ammonium sulfate and 40 g of sodium chloride were dissolved per liter of water for 1 hour. Thereafter, the shark skin was taken out from the aqueous solution and thoroughly washed with water. The washed shark skin was immersed in 1 liter of an aqueous solution in which 300 g of 1N hydrochloric acid and 100 g of sodium chloride were dissolved per liter of water for 1 hour. Thereafter, the shark skin was taken out from the aqueous solution and thoroughly washed with water.
[0015]
After washing with water, the shark skin was put into a water tank for one day and night to restore water. On the next day, the surface of the shark skin taken out of the water tank was rubbed to remove scales. Thus, scales could be easily removed from the shark skin at a room temperature of 20 ° C. without heat treatment. The dermis was peeled from the scaled shark skin, and collagen was extracted from the peeled dermis according to a conventional method. A large amount of collagen is contained in the dermis, but the shark skin can be easily divided into the epidermis, dermis and scale by the above-mentioned treatment. The extracted collagen was not denatured, the odor was removed, and the purity was high. The removed scale can also be used as a material for native collagen.
[0016]
[Experiment]
(Shark skin analysis)
The experiment was conducted on shark skin (20 ° C. treated skin) descaled at 20 ° C. and shark skin (67 ° C. treated skin) descaled at 67 ° C. according to the above example. The experiment was conducted for the purpose of estimating the denaturation / denaturation state of collagen by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and specific rotation measurement.
[0017]
(Experimental method-Differential scanning calorimetry (DSC))
The provided shark skin was lightly washed with water, about 50 mg was collected as a wet weight, sealed in a 70 μl silver sample cell, and subjected to DSC measurement (trade names of apparatuses: SSC5200, DSC120, Seiko Electronics). The measurement conditions were temperature rising rate: 2 ° C./min, reference: water, furnace atmosphere: helium gas (flow rate 40 ml / min).
[0018]
From the obtained DSC curve, the intersection of the low temperature side baseline and the tangent line passing through the maximum slope of the endothermic curve was read as the heat denaturation temperature. Further, the endothermic energy (heat denaturation enthalpy, ΔH) accompanying the heat denaturation temperature was determined from the area surrounded by the baseline and the endothermic curve.
[0019]
(Experimental method-measurement of specific rotation)
A collagen solution for specific rotation measurement was prepared, and the prepared sample solution was subjected to measurement of specific rotation. The measurement was performed using a polarimeter (trade name: JASCO Corporation, polarimeter polarimeter DIP-1000 type) in a 10 cm cell at temperatures of 10 ° C. and 35 ° C. and a wavelength of 589 nm.
[0020]
Table 1 shows the results of heat denaturation temperature and endothermic energy measured by DSC. The results of specific rotation are shown in Table 2. Moreover, the measurement results of moisture, total ash, and cortex are as follows.
Moisture (test based on JIS K 6550) is 95.6% with 20 ° C treated skin, 80.3% with 67 ° C treated skin, total ash (anhydrous conversion, test based on JIS K 6550) with 20 ° C treated skin 0.5%, 67% treated skin, 1.2%, cortical content (anhydrous equivalent, but nitrogen content was measured with a fully automatic nitrogen analyzer and converted as protein content (conversion factor 5.62)) Was 95.2% for the 20 ° C. skin and 96.5% for the 67 ° C. skin.
[0021]
[Table 1]
[Table 2]
From the results of DSC and specific rotation, it is estimated that the 20 ° C.-treated skin is in an unmodified state.
[0024]
【The invention's effect】
ADVANTAGE OF THE INVENTION According to this invention, the processing method of the shark skin suitable for removing a scale from a shark skin, without denaturing collagen, and the collagen manufacturing method for obtaining highly purified collagen from a shark skin can be provided.
Claims (2)
第１工程後のサメ皮を消石灰で処理する第２工程と、
第２工程後のサメ皮を水洗いする第３工程と、
第３工程後のサメ皮を硫酸アンモニウムおよび塩化ナトリウムで処理する第４工程と、
第４工程後のサメ皮を塩酸または酢酸および塩化ナトリウムの水溶液に浸漬する第５工程と、
第５工程後のサメ皮を水洗いする第６工程と、
第６工程後のサメ皮を水に浸漬する第７工程とを、
有することを特徴とするサメ皮の処理方法。A first step of treating shark skin with sodium sulfide or sodium hydroxide;
A second step of treating the shark skin after the first step with slaked lime;
A third step of washing the shark skin after the second step with water;
A fourth step of treating the shark skin after the third step with ammonium sulfate and sodium chloride;
A fifth step of immersing the shark skin after the fourth step in an aqueous solution of hydrochloric acid or acetic acid and sodium chloride;
A sixth step of washing the shark skin after the fifth step with water;
A seventh step of immersing the shark skin after the sixth step in water;
A method for treating shark skin, comprising:
第１工程後のサメ皮を消石灰で処理する第２工程と、
第２工程後のサメ皮を水洗いする第３工程と、
第３工程後のサメ皮を硫酸アンモニウムおよび塩化ナトリウムで処理する第４工程と、
第４工程後のサメ皮を塩酸または酢酸および塩化ナトリウムの水溶液に浸漬する第５工程と、
第５工程後のサメ皮を水洗いする第６工程と、
第６工程後のサメ皮を水に浸漬する第７工程と、
第７工程後のサメ皮から鱗を除去する第８工程と、
第８工程後のサメ皮からコラーゲンを抽出する第９工程とを、
有することを特徴とするコラーゲン製造方法。A first step of treating shark skin with sodium sulfide or sodium hydroxide;
A second step of treating the shark skin after the first step with slaked lime;
A third step of washing the shark skin after the second step with water;
A fourth step of treating the shark skin after the third step with ammonium sulfate and sodium chloride;
A fifth step of immersing the shark skin after the fourth step in an aqueous solution of hydrochloric acid or acetic acid and sodium chloride;
A sixth step of washing the shark skin after the fifth step with water;
A seventh step of immersing the shark skin after the sixth step in water;
An eighth step of removing scales from the shark skin after the seventh step;
A ninth step of extracting collagen from the shark skin after the eighth step,
A method for producing collagen, comprising:
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| JP4694831B2 (en) * | 2004-12-27 | 2011-06-08 | 焼津水産化学工業株式会社 | How to clean fish skin |
| JP2007211053A (en) * | 2006-02-07 | 2007-08-23 | Miyagi Prefecture | Blue dye, blue collagen or gelatin and method for producing those |
| KR101100411B1 (en) | 2008-12-24 | 2011-12-30 | 대구가톨릭대학교산학협력단 | Curd Type Dombaeki Soup and Method for preparing the same |
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| IL87344A (en) * | 1988-08-04 | 1992-03-29 | Univ Bar Ilan | Process for the production of gelatin from fish skins |
| JPH05155900A (en) * | 1991-09-30 | 1993-06-22 | Nippon Kasei Chem Co Ltd | High-purity acid-insoluble fish scale collagen and its production |
| JPH0655960B2 (en) * | 1992-01-06 | 1994-07-27 | 有限会社北野化学 | Reptile leather manufacturing method |
| JP2864459B2 (en) * | 1997-04-04 | 1999-03-03 | 井原水産株式会社 | Method for producing fish gelatin |
| JP2931814B1 (en) * | 1998-08-11 | 1999-08-09 | 井原水産株式会社 | Method for producing fish collagen |
| FR2787968B1 (en) * | 1998-12-31 | 2001-03-23 | Skw Biosystems | PROCESS FOR THE PREPARATION OF FISH GELATIN |
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