JP3613352B2 - Mobile farm machine - Google Patents

Mobile farm machine Download PDF

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Publication number
JP3613352B2
JP3613352B2 JP01981695A JP1981695A JP3613352B2 JP 3613352 B2 JP3613352 B2 JP 3613352B2 JP 01981695 A JP01981695 A JP 01981695A JP 1981695 A JP1981695 A JP 1981695A JP 3613352 B2 JP3613352 B2 JP 3613352B2
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horizontal
rotary
cylinder
oil amount
control oil
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JP01981695A
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JPH08187009A (en
Inventor
藤 孝 明 須
川 治 中
鹿 卓 司 妻
林 明 彦 北
沢 明 彦 前
沢 新 吉 藤
本 雅 彦 宮
公 浩 輿
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Yanma Agricultural Equipment Co Ltd
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Yanma Agricultural Equipment Co Ltd
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Description

【0001】
【産業上の利用分野】
本発明は、耕耘作業を行う耕耘ロータリ作業機またはプラウなどをトラクタによって牽引する移動農機に関する。
【0002】
【従来の技術】
従来、トラクタの後側に耕耘ロータリ作業機またはプラウなどを昇降自在に装設し、このロータリ作業機などによって耕耘作業を行うが、耕耘作業時のトラクタ走行速度を速くしてできるだけ早く作業を終了することが望まれていた。
【0003】
【発明が解決しようとする課題】
前記従来技術は、走行速度を早くすることにより耕耘作業能率を向上させることができるが、耕耘作業時の直進走行と圃場枕地の旋回とでは走行速度の差が大きくなるから、ロータリ作業機を昇降させる昇降シリンダと、ロータリ作業機を左右傾斜調節して耕盤に略平行に支持する水平シリンダを設けた場合、走行速度が遅いときのエンジン出力によって昇降及び水平シリンダを確実に作動させる必要があり、そのため高速走行時に各シリンダ駆動力が余分に確保され、不経済となる不具合が生じる。
【0004】
【課題を解決するための手段】
然るに、本発明は、上記課題を解決する為に次の如く構成したものである。
トラクタ(1)に対地作業機(14)を昇降自在に支持させる昇降シリンダ(63)を設けると共に、対地作業機(14)を左右傾斜調節自在に支持させる水平シリンダ(65)を設け、昇降シリンダ(63)の昇降制御油量と水平シリンダ(65)の水平制御油量を、作業モードによって自動的に変更するコントローラ(79)を設ける移動農機において、水平シリンダ(65)の制御油量または昇降シリンダ(63)の制御油量の一方を増大させもう一方を減少させる切換バルブ(73)と、ロータリ作業機(14)の上昇によってエンジン(2)の回転を下げかつ下降によってエンジン(2)の回転を上げる枕地旋回スイッチ(75)と、圃場枕地を耕耘しながら走行するときにオンにすることにより、水平シリンダ(65)の水平制御油量を増加させ、かつ昇降シリンダ(63)の昇降制御油量を減少させる枕地耕耘スイッチ(85)とを設け、ロータリ作業機(14)の上昇によってエンジン(2)の回転を下げかつ昇降シリンダ(63)の制御油量を増加させる一方、ロータリ作業機(14)の下降によってエンジン(2)の回転を上げて元に戻しかつ水平シリンダ(65)の制御油量を増加させるものである。
【0005】
【実施例】
以下、本発明の実施例を図面に基づいて詳述する。図1は耕耘制御回路図、図2は全体の側面図、図3は同平面図、図4は耕耘ロータリ作業機部の側面図である。図中(1)は走行車であるトラクタであり、エンジン(2)を内設させるボンネット(3)両側に左右の前走行輪(4)(4)を装設させ、前記ボンネット(3)後部に操向ハンドル(5)を設け、該ハンドル(5)後方に運転席(6)を設置させ、運転席(6)両側外方に左右の後走行輪(7)(7)を装設させると共に、運転席(6)前側のステップ(8)に左右ブレーキペダル(9)(9)及びクラッチペダル(10)を配設させ、作業者が運転席(6)に座乗して走行移動するように構成している。
【0006】
また、前記走行輪(4)(7)を駆動するミッションケース(11)にロワリンク(12)及びトップリンク(13)を介して耕耘ロータリ作業機(14)を取付け、該作業機(14)をトラクタ(1)後側に昇降自在に装設させるもので、走行主変速レバー(15)と、前記作業機(14)を手動操作で昇降させるポジションコントロールレバー(16)と、前記作業機(14)を非作業上昇位置及び耕耘作業下降位置にワンタッチ動作で昇降させる昇降スイッチ(17)を、運転席(6)の右側に配置させると共に、走行副変速レバー(18)と、前記作業機(14)への出力を変更させるPTO変速レバー(19)を、運転席(6)の左側に配置させる。
【0007】
さらに、図4乃至図7に示す如く、前記作業機(14)の中央にギアボックス(20)を配置し、トラクタ(1)のPTO軸(21)から動力を伝えると共に、前記ギアボックス(20)側面より両側方にビーム(22)を突出し、該ビーム(22)のそれぞれの中途部に支持プレート(23)を固設し、該支持プレート(23)の前端にはロワリンク(12)を連結させ、支持プレート(23)後端にはデプスフレーム(24)の前端を枢支し、該デプスフレーム(24)後端側に左右尾輪(25)(25)を設けている。
【0008】
前記ビーム(22)の外側端にチェーンケース(26)上部とサイドサポート(27)上部が固設され、該チェーンケース(26)下部とサイドサポート(27)下部の間に耕耘爪軸(28)が横架され、該耕耘爪軸(28)上にナタ爪よりなる多数のロータリ爪(29)…が側面視で放射状に植設されると共に、該ロータリ爪(29)の回転軌跡上方がロータリカバー(30)によって覆われ、両側はサイドカバー(31)によって覆われている。そして、該耕耘爪軸(28)はギアボックス(20)内のギア、ビーム(22)内の伝動軸、チェーンケース(26)内のスプロケット及びチェーンを介して駆動され、ロータリ爪(29)…が回転されることによって耕耘ができると共に、ハンドル(32)の回転操作によって耕耘爪軸(28)軸芯を中心にロータリカバー(30)を前後に回転させることができるようにしている。
【0009】
そして、前記ビーム(22)に固定するプレート(33)を前方に突設させ、該プレート(33)前端に支持杆(34)が横架され、該支持杆(34)に取付プレート(35)が固定され、該取付プレート(35)に切断刃(36)の上部が固定されている。なお、切断刃(36)を左右幅方向でロワーリンク(12)より機外側方に4本装着すると共に、切断刃(36)の中間部は後方に湾曲させ、前後に傾斜させる切断刃(36)の直線形下部を前記ロータリ爪(29)の回転軌跡の前部内に後傾形に臨ませている。つまり、側面視において切断刃(36)の下部がロータリ爪(29)の回転軌跡の前部でオーバーラップするように配置させると共に、切断刃(36)とこれに隣り合うロータリ爪(29)の左右方向間隔は狭くして残耕ができないようにしている。但し、外側2本の切断刃(36)(36)はロータリ爪(29)と偏心爪(37)の間に設ける。また、切断刃(36)の後面とロータリカバー(30)の間には仕切板(38)が配設されている。即ち、該仕切板(38)は切断刃(36)の背面に固設されており、仕切板(38)をロータリカバー(30)に接近させて、藁や雑草等が入り込み絡み付かないようにしている。また、仕切板(38)は三角形状に構成されて、上部の辺はロータリカバー(30)の内側の形状に合わせ、前部の辺は切断刃(36)の後面の形状に合わせて密着して固定できるようにし、後部の辺は円弧状として藁等を下方へ導く形状としている。そして、仕切板(38)の幅(板厚)は切断刃(36)の幅より狭くして、藁や雑草等が絡みつかないようにしている。
【0010】
さらに、ロータリ爪(29)上側のロータリカバー(30)後端に第1支点軸(39)を介して鋼板製第1リヤカバー(40)を上下方向に揺動自在に連結させ、第1リヤカバー(40)後端にゴム製第2リヤカバー(41)前端を固定させ、下方に均し空間(42)を形成する第2リヤカバー(41)後端に鋼板製第3リヤカバー(43)前端を固定させると共に、第1リヤカバー(40)後端部の第2支点軸(44)と第3リヤカバー(43)前端部の第3支点軸(45)を左右一対のリンク(46)(46)によって連結させ、第3支点軸(45)と略同軸上に第4支点軸(47)を設け、第4支点軸(47)に第1吊下ロッド(48)下端を連結させ、第3リヤカバー(43)後端部の第5支点軸(49)に左右一対の第2吊下ロッド(50)下端を連結させ、第1リヤカバー(40)の支持体(51)に第1及び第2吊下ロッド(48)(50)上端側を昇降自在に取付け、各吊下ロッド(48)(50)と第3リヤカバー(43)によって側面視三角形を形成させ、また第2及び第3及び第5支点軸(44)(45)(49)を結ぶ線によって側面視三角形を形成させたもので、第2支点軸(44)または第3支点軸(45)を中心に第3リヤカバー(43)を上方移動させ、第2支点軸(44)及び支持体(51)の吊下ロッド(48)(50)連結部を支点とした前記カバー(43)及び各ロッド(48)(50)の両てこ機構の動作により各ロッド(48)(50)の下方突張りによって前方移動が規制される第3リヤカバー(43)を後上方に移動させ、第3リヤカバー(43)両側部が平面視で前後移動するフローティング動作を行わせる。また、第5支点軸(49)と第1リヤカバー(40)の支持体(51)間に左右一対のガスダンパ(52)を連結させたもので、全ストローク略一定のバネ定数が得られかつストロークも大きく形成できるガスダンパ(52)によって第3リヤカバー(43)を支持させ、トラクタ(1)が左右に傾いても第3リヤカバー(43)の左右均等な加圧によって耕耘面を均すことができるように構成している。
【0011】
また、前記吊下ロッド(48)(50)上端側を支持体(51)…の軸受体(53)…に遊嵌挿入させ、軸受体(53)…の上面側に当接するピン(54)…を前記ロッド(48)(50)に植設させ、前記ロッド(48)(50)の下方抜出しを防ぎ、第3リヤカバー(43)の前方移動を制限すると共に、スプリング(55)(55)を巻装させた左右一対のロッド(56)(56)下端を第1リヤカバー(40)上面に連結させ、前記ロッド(56)上端側をロータリカバー(30)の支持体(57)に摺動自在に取付け、第1リヤカバー(40)をスプリング(55)によって下方に弾圧するように構成している。
【0012】
また、前記第3リヤカバー(43)上面にレーキ支持体(58)を着脱自在に固定させ、該支持体(58)に固定させるレーキ(59)を第3リヤカバー(43)後方に延出させると共に、図6に示す如く、第2吊下ロッド(50)上端側を取付ける支持体(51)の軸(60)に前記ガスダンパ(52)上端を連結させ、第2吊下ロッド(50)とガスダンパ(52)を可及的に接近させて略平行に設けると共に、前記デプスフレーム(24)後端に支持フレーム(61)を介して左右一対の尾輪(25)(25)を取付け、左右尾輪(25)(25)間に前記レーキ(59)を配設させるもので、枕地方向転換時に畦などにレーキ(59)が衝突するのを前記尾輪(25)によって防止すると共に、路上走行または上方に持上げての保守作業などにおいてレーキ(59)左右外側のバンパとして尾輪(25)を兼用させるように構成している。
【0013】
さらに、ロータリ爪(29)の回転軌跡上端と略同じ高さまたはそれ以上に高い位置に第1支点軸(39)を取付け、耕耘作業時に第1支点軸(39)を中心にリヤカバー(40)(41)(43)が上昇することにより、ロータリ爪(29)の回転軌跡後方でリヤカバー(40)(41)(43)下方に大きな面積の均し空間(42)が形成され、リヤカバー(40)(41)(43)によって前方に押す土がロータリ爪(29)の土跳ね上げ部に至るのを防止し、高速走行での耕耘作業によるロータリ爪(29)の耕耘負荷増加を防止するもので、耕耘作業時、ロータリ爪(29)が地上に抜出する地点(A)を中心とする半径の円弧線上に、リヤカバー(40)(41)(43)が耕土によって持上げられて配置され、ロータリ爪(29)の回転軌跡の面積の約50パーセント以上の大きさの均し空間(42)をロータリ爪(29)回転軌跡後側とリヤカバー(40)(41)(43)の間に形成させ、細かい土塊または軽い土塊など小形物がロータリ爪(29)によってロータリカバー(40)(41)下面の高位置に飛散され、大きい土塊または重い土塊または切り株(稲株)など大形物がロータリ爪(29)によって低い位置に飛散され、ロータリ爪(29)の飛散による比重分離作用によって小形物が上層となり、また大形物が下層となり、上層の小形物がリヤカバー(41)(43)によって均平にされ、後方のレーキ(59)によって大形物がさらに下方に押下げられる。従って、大形物によって培土内部の通気性及び通水性が良好に保たれると共に、播種または苗移植に適した状態に培土表層部が小形物によって形成される。
【0014】
さらに、前記耕耘爪軸(28)を中心に同一円周上に90度の間隔で4本のロータリ爪(29)…を取付け、各ロータリ爪(29)先端側を交互に左右方向に向けて湾曲させ、耕耘爪軸(28)の直交平面上で4本1列のロータリ爪(29)…を耕耘爪軸(28)軸芯線方向に複数列設けるもので、左右方向で対向させるロータリ爪(29)(29)の先端軌跡間に間隙を設け、ロータリ爪(29)の左右側方湾曲幅を先端軌跡間隙の約2倍の大きさとし、左右方向のロータリ爪(29)(29)基端間隔が先端軌跡間隙の約5倍の大きさになるようにロータリ爪(29)を形成している。
また、前記ロータリ爪(29)は土を切取った後に掬取る形状に湾曲させ、ロータリ爪(29)の先端湾曲部の水平分力により土を横方向に押移動させる力並びにロータリ爪(29)の弾力変形の横方向の反撥力により掬取り土を耕耘爪軸(28)軸芯と略平行な横方向に押出し、左右ロータリ爪(29)(29)先端軌跡間隙の残耕となる部位の土を破砕させ、残耕が形成されるのを防ぐ構造としたもので、従来のロータリ爪取付け本数の約70パーセントの本数のロータリ爪(29)…を取付け、ロータリ爪(29)の回転速度を従来の回転速度(1分間に約200〜400回転)と略同一とし、トラクタ(1)の走行速度を従来の走行速度(1秒間に約0.5メートル)の約2倍とし、従来に比べて耕耘負荷を増大させることなく、作業能率を約2倍にして耕耘作業を行えるように構成している。
また、前記ロータリ爪(29)の土中突入地点に対し側面視で重複する位置で前記切断刃(36)を土中に突入させ、切断刃(36)の土中突入部を後方傾斜支持させ、かつ切断刃(36)の左右両面を幅を有する偏平面で形成し、牽引により切断刃(36)が土中に進入する下向きの力と、切開される土が復元力によって切断刃(36)側面に圧接する力が、切断刃(36)の抜出し抵抗力として発生し、ロータリ爪(29)の土中突入抵抗の反力と略等しいか若干大きい切断刃(36)の抜出し抵抗力により、土中突入抵抗の反力によって耕耘ロータリ作業機(14)全体が上方に持上げられるのを防ぎ、ロータリ爪(29)が土中突入によって発生する衝撃を緩和させるように構成している。
なお、耕耘爪軸(28)後方側では、リヤカバー(40)(41)(43)の均平力の反力(持上げ力)に対向してロータリ爪(29)抜出し力の反力が発生し、各反力の均衡によって耕耘姿勢を安定させる。
【0015】
さらに、図8に示す如く、前記ミッションケース(11)上面に油圧リフト(62)を設け、油圧リフト(62)の昇降シリンダ(63)によって左右リフトアーム(64)(64)を上下に揺動させると共に、左右リフトアーム(64)(64)と左右ロワーリンク(12)(12)を左右水平シリンダ(65)(65)によって連結させ、左右リフトアーム(64)と連動させて左右ロワーリンク(12)(12)を上下に揺動させ、非耕耘作業位置乃至耕耘作業位置にロータリ作業機(14)を昇降させる一方、互に逆方向に略等量連動作動する左右水平シリンダ(65)(65)のピストン(66)(66)出入により左右ロワーリンク(12)(12)を各別に上下に揺動させ、圃場耕盤と略平行になるようにロータリ作業機(14)を左右に傾斜調節するように構成している。
【0016】
さらに、図9に示す如く、昇降シリンダ(63)を作動制御する電磁油圧昇降バルブ(67)と、左右水平シリンダ(65)(65)を作動制御する電磁油圧水平バルブ(68)と、エンジン(2)によって駆動する油圧ポンプ(69)と、フロープライオリティー大流量バルブ(70)及び中流量バルブ(71)及び小流量バルブ(72)と、各大中小流量バルブ(70)(71)(72)のいずれかを介して昇降及び水平バルブ(67)(68)に油圧ポンプ(69)からの作動油を供給する電磁油圧油量切換バルブ(73)を設ける。
そして、中立位置の油量切換バルブ(73)と中流量バルブ(71)を介して油圧ポンプ(69)を昇降及び水平バルブ(67)(68)に連通させ、水平シリンダ(65)を作動させる水平制御油量と昇降シリンダ(63)を作動させる昇降制御油量を一定割合に維持し、水平シリンダ(65)及び昇降シリンダ(63)の両方を所定の速度で作動させると共に、油量切換バルブ(73)を切換えることにより大流量バルブ(70)または小流量バルブ(72)を介して油圧ポンプ(69)が昇降及び水平バルブ(67)(68)に接続されるもので、大流量バルブ(70)を介して油圧ポンプ(69)を昇降及び水平バルブ(67)(68)に連通させることにより、水平制御油量が増加して水平シリンダ(65)動作速度が早くなり、かつ昇降制御油量が減少して昇降シリンダ(63)動作速度が遅くなると共に、小流量バルブ(72)を介して油圧ポンプ(69)を昇降及び水平バルブ(67)(68)に連通させることにより、前記と逆に、水平制御油量が減少して水平シリンダ(65)動作速度が遅くなり、かつ昇降制御油量が増加して昇降シリンダ(63)動作速度が早くなるように構成している。
【0017】
前記のように水平シリンダ(65)動作速度が早くなることにより、高速走行によって耕耘作業を行っても、水平シリンダ(65)の水平制御動作が追従して適正に行われると共に、このときに昇降シリンダ(63)動作速度が遅くなっても、ロータリ作業機(14)を非耕耘作業位置にまで上昇させることがないから、昇降動作に不具合が生じない。また、昇降シリンダ(63)動作が早くなることにより、圃場枕地でのロータリ作業機(14)の非耕耘作業位置乃至耕耘作業位置への昇降動作が敏速に行われると共に、このときに水平シリンダ(65)動作速度が遅くなっても、耕耘作業を中止しているから、水平制御動作に不具合が生じない。
【0018】
さらに、図1に示す如く、エンジン(2)を高回転維持して高速耕耘作業を行わせる高速耕耘スイッチ(74)と、ロータリ作業機(14)の非耕耘作業位置上昇によってエンジン(2)回転を下げる枕地旋回スイッチ(75)と、昇降スイッチ(17)と、エンジン(2)の回転数を増減させる電子ガバナの調速モータ(76)を作動させるエンジン出力回路(77)と、ロワーリンク(12)を介してロータリ作業機(14)を昇降させる油圧昇降シリンダ(63)を制御するための電磁油圧昇降バルブ(67)を作動させる昇降回路(78)を、マイクロコンピュータで構成する耕耘コントローラ(79)に接続させる。また、昇降シリンダ(63)によって昇降させるロータリ作業機(14)の支持高さ(耕耘作業位置乃至非耕耘作業位置)を検出するポテンショメータ型リフトアームセンサ(80)を、前記耕耘コントローラ(79)に接続させるもので、ロータリ作業機(14)の上昇によってエンジン(2)回転を下げ、かつ下降によってエンジン(2)回転を上げる動作を自動的に行わせるように構成している。
【0019】
また、トラクタ(1)またはロータリ作業機(14)に取付けてロータリ作業機(14)の左右傾斜を検出する水平センサ(81)と、左右水平シリンダ(65)(65)のピストン(66)出入量を夫々検出する左右位置センサ(82)(83)と、左右水平シリンダ(65)(65)を同時に逆方向動作させるための水平バルブ(68)を作動させる水平制御回路(84)と、圃場枕地を耕耘するときにオンにする枕地耕耘スイッチ(85)を、前記耕耘コントローラ(79)に接続させるもので、トラクタ(1)に対地作業機である耕耘ロータリ作業機(14)を昇降自在に支持させると共に、ロータリ作業機(14)を左右傾斜調節自在に支持させる左右の水平シリンダ(65)(65)を設ける移動農機において、高速走行により耕耘作業を行うときに左右の水平シリンダ(65)(65)を互に逆の方向に作動させてロータリ作業機(14)の水平制御を自動的に行う耕耘コントローラ(79)を設け、水平センサ(81)の検出結果に基づきロータリ作業機(14)の両側部を左右の水平シリンダ(65)(65)によって逆方向に昇降させて自動的に左右傾斜調節し、従来の単一水平シリンダ水平制御に比べ、水平シリンダ(65)による水平制御動作を敏速に行わせ、走行速度の高速化により水平制御動作が遅れる等の不具合をなくすと共に、ロータリ作業機(14)左右幅中央を中心に左右側を昇降させる水平制御動作によってロータリ作業機(14)の支持高さが殆んど変化することがなく、ロータリ作業機(14)を所定高さに支持させた状態で水平制御動作を行えるように構成している。なお、左右位置センサ(82)(83)は、いずれか一方だけを用いても、上記同様に水平制御が行える。
【0020】
また、前記油量切換バルブ(73)を作動させる油量切換回路(85)を、前記耕耘コントローラ(79)に接続させるもので、トラクタ(1)に対地作業機である耕耘ロータリ作業機(14)を昇降自在に支持させる昇降シリンダ(63)を設けると共に、ロータリ作業機(14)を左右傾斜調節自在に支持させる水平シリンダ(65)を設ける移動農機において、昇降シリンダ(63)の昇降制御油量と水平シリンダ(65)の水平制御油量を、作業モードによって自動的に変更する耕耘コントローラ(79)を設け、高速走行で耕耘作業を行うときに水平シリンダ(65)の油圧駆動力を大きくして水平制御動作を行うと共に、圃場枕地で旋回するときに昇降シリンダ(63)の油圧駆動力を大きくして昇降動作を行い、昇降及び水平シリンダ(63)(65)の各機能を損うことなく各シリンダ(63)(65)の駆動に必要な油圧力を低減させ、油圧ポンプ(69)の容量を小さくして油圧駆動構造の簡略化並びに製造コストの低減などを図れるように構成している。
【0021】
本実施例は上記の如く構成するもので、図10のフローチャートに示す如く、高速耕耘スイッチ(74)をオンにして高速耕耘作業を指令すると、エンジン(2)最高回転で高速走行(1秒間に約1.0メートル)により高速耕耘が行われると共に、トラクタ(1)が圃場枕地に到達して昇降スイッチ(17)によりロータリ作業機(14)上昇操作を行うと、昇降バルブ(67)制御によって昇降シリンダ(63)が作業機上昇動作を行い、ロータリ作業機(14)を非耕耘作業位置に上昇させ、枕地旋回スイッチ(75)がオンの状態で、リフトアームセンサ(80)入力によりロータリ作業機(14)の非耕耘作業位置が確認されることにより、調速モータ(76)減速制御によりエンジン(2)回転数下げ動作が行われ、エンジン(2)回転数を約30パーセント低下させ、枕地旋回に適した走行速度に減速させると共に、左右位置センサ(82)(83)出力に基づき水平シリンダ(65)(65)を作動させ、トラクタ(1)に対してロータリ作業機(14)を略平行に支持する水平制御中立復帰動作を行わせる。なお、前記した水平制御中立復帰動作に代え、ロータリ作業機(14)を前工程と逆の方向(前工程左傾のときは右傾とし、前工程右傾のときは左傾とする)に傾斜させ、往復走行による耕耘作業を行うこともできる。
【0022】
また、次工程耕耘作業の開始により、昇降スイッチ(17)によるロータリ作業機(14)下降操作が確認されると、水平センサ(81)の検出結果に基づき水平シリンダ(65)(65)を作動させる自動水平制御を自動的に開始すると共に、昇降バルブ(67)制御によって昇降シリンダ(63)が作業機下降動作を行い、ロータリ作業機(14)を耕耘作業位置に下降させると共に、調速モータ(76)増速制御によりエンジン(2)回転数上げ動作が行われ、エンジン(2)回転数を元の最高回転に戻し、次工程での高速耕耘が開始される。
【0023】
さらに、図11のフローチャートに示す如く、高速耕耘スイッチ(74)がオフで高速耕耘作業が行われていないとき、油量切換バルブ(73)が中立に保持され、水平シリンダ(65)の水平制御油量と昇降シリンダ(63)の昇降制御油量を一定保持する中流量バルブ(71)を介し、油圧ポンプ(69)からの作動油が昇降及び水平バルブ(67)(68)に分配される。
また、高速耕耘スイッチ(74)がオンのときでエンジン(2)最高回転により高速耕耘作業が行われることにより、ロータリ作業機(14)が耕耘作業位置に下降のとき、または枕地耕耘スイッチ(85)がオンのとき、油量切換バルブ(73)が切換えられ、水平シリンダ(65)の水平制御油量を増加させかつ昇降シリンダ(63)の昇降制御油量を減少させる大流量バルブ(70)を介し、水平バルブ(68)側に分配する油圧ポンプ(69)からの作動油量を増加させ、水平シリンダ(65)動作速度を早くし、かつ昇降バルブ(63)側に分配する油圧ポンプ(69)からの作動油量を減少させ、昇降シリンダ(63)動作速度を遅くする。
さらに、高速耕耘スイッチ(74)がオンのときでエンジン(2)最高回転により高速耕耘作業が行われる場合で、ロータリ作業機(14)が下降していないとき、または枕地耕耘スイッチ(85)がオンになっていないとき、油量切換バルブ(73)が切換えられ、水平シリンダ(65)の水平制御油量を減少させかつ昇降シリンダ(63)の昇降制御油量を増加させる小流量バルブ(72)を介し、水平バルブ(68)側に分配する油圧ポンプ(69)からの作動油量を減少させ、水平シリンダ(65)動作速度を遅くし、かつ昇降バルブ(63)側に分配する油圧ポンプ(69)からの作動油量を増加させ、昇降シリンダ(63)動作速度を早くする。
【0024】
さらに、図12のフローチャートに示す如く、高速耕耘スイッチ(74)がオンのときで、ロータリ作業機(14)が下降しているとき、左右位置センサ(82)(83)入力並びに水平センサ(81)入力によりロータリ作業機(14)の左または右方向傾斜が判断され、ロータリ作業機(14)の傾斜変化量が所定以上のとき、油量切換バルブ(73)の切換により、水平シリンダ(65)の水平制御油量を増加させかつ昇降シリンダ(63)の昇降制御油量を減少させる大流量バルブ(70)を介し、昇降及び水平バルブ(67)(68)に油圧ポンプ(69)を接続させる一方、ロータリ作業機(14)の傾斜変化量が所定以下のとき、油量切換バルブ(73)の切換により、水平シリンダ(65)の水平制御油量を減少させかつ昇降シリンダ(63)の昇降制御油量を増加させる小流量バルブ(72)を介し、昇降及び水平バルブ(67)(68)に油圧ポンプ(69)を接続させる。
そして、ロータリ作業機(14)が左側に傾斜する左傾のとき、左水平シリンダ(65)の左上げ動作と右水平シリンダ(65)の右下げ動作によりロータリ作業機(14)の左傾を修正すると共に、ロータリ作業機(14)が右側に傾斜する右傾のとき、左水平シリンダ(65)の左下げ動作と右水平シリンダ(65)の右上げ動作によりロータリ作業機(14)の右傾を修正し、ロータリ作業機(14)を略水平に支持して耕耘作業を行わせる。
【0025】
【発明の効果】
以上実施例から明らかなように本発明は、トラクタ(1)に対地作業機(14)を昇降自在に支持させる昇降シリンダ(63)を設けると共に、対地作業機(14)を左右傾斜調節自在に支持させる水平シリンダ(65)を設け、昇降シリンダ(63)の昇降制御油量と水平シリンダ(65)の水平制御油量を、作業モードによって自動的に変更するコントローラ(79)を設ける移動農機において、水平シリンダ(65)の制御油量または昇降シリンダ(63)の制御油量の一方を増大させもう一方を減少させる切換バルブ(73)と、ロータリ作業機(14)の上昇によってエンジン(2)の回転を下げかつ下降によってエンジン(2)の回転を上げる枕地旋回スイッチ(75)と、圃場枕地を耕耘しながら走行するときにオンにすることにより、水平シリンダ(65)の水平制御油量を増加させ、かつ昇降シリンダ(63)の昇降制御油量を減少させる枕地耕耘スイッチ(85)とを設け、ロータリ作業機(14)の上昇によってエンジン(2)の回転を下げかつ昇降シリンダ(63)の制御油量を増加させる一方、ロータリ作業機(14)の下降によってエンジン(2)の回転を上げて元に戻しかつ水平シリンダ(65)の制御油量を増加させるもので、駆動構造の簡略化並びに製造コストの低減などを容易に図り得るものである。
また、従来技術の不具合である、走行速度を早くすることにより耕耘作業能率を向上させることができるが、耕耘作業時の直進走行と圃場枕地の旋回とでは走行速度の差が大きくなるから、ロータリ作業機を昇降させる昇降シリンダと、ロータリ作業機を左右傾斜調節して耕盤に略平行に支持する水平シリンダを設けた場合、走行速度が遅いときのエンジン出力によって昇降及び水平シリンダを確実に作動させる必要があり、そのため高速走行時に各シリンダ駆動力が余分に確保され、不経済となるという点を改善することが出来たものである。
【図面の簡単な説明】
【図1】耕耘制御回路図。
【図2】全体の側面図。
【図3】同平面図。
【図4】耕耘ロータリ作業機の側面図。
【図5】ロータリ爪部の側面図。
【図6】リヤカバーの平面図。
【図7】ロータリ爪部の背面図。
【図8】油圧リフト部の平面図。
【図9】昇降及び水平制御油圧回路図。
【図10】耕耘制御フローチャート。
【図11】昇降水平油量制御フローチャート。
【図12】水平制御フローチャート。
【符号の説明】
(1) トラクタ(走行車)
(14) 耕耘ロータリ作業機(対地作業機)
(63) 昇降シリンダ
(65) 水平シリンダ
(79) コントローラ
[0001]
[Industrial application fields]
The present invention relates to a mobile agricultural machine that uses a tractor to pull a rotary rotary working machine or plow that performs a tilling work.
[0002]
[Prior art]
Conventionally, a rotary rotary machine or plow is installed on the rear side of the tractor so that it can be raised and lowered, and the rotary work machine is used to perform the tilling work. It was hoped to do.
[0003]
[Problems to be solved by the invention]
Although the prior art can improve the efficiency of tillage work by increasing the traveling speed, the difference in the traveling speed between the straight traveling during the tilling work and the turning of the field headland becomes large. When a lifting cylinder that moves up and down and a horizontal cylinder that supports the rotary work machine by tilting left and right to support it almost parallel to the tilling pad, it is necessary to operate the lifting cylinder and the horizontal cylinder reliably by the engine output when the traveling speed is slow. For this reason, extra driving force is secured for each cylinder during high-speed travel, resulting in an inconvenient problem.
[0004]
[Means for Solving the Problems]
However, the present invention is configured as follows to solve the above-described problems.
The tractor (1) is provided with an elevating cylinder (63) for supporting the ground work machine (14) so as to be movable up and down, and a horizontal cylinder (65) for supporting the ground work machine (14) so as to be adjustable in a left-right inclination is provided. In a mobile agricultural machine provided with a controller (79) that automatically changes the lifting / lowering control oil amount of (63) and the horizontal control oil amount of the horizontal cylinder (65) according to the work mode, the control oil amount or raising / lowering of the horizontal cylinder (65) A switching valve (73) that increases one of the control oil amounts of the cylinder (63) and decreases the other, and a rotation of the engine (2) is lowered by raising the rotary work machine (14) and a lowering of the engine (2) by lowering. A headland swivel switch (75) to increase rotation; A headland tillage switch that increases the horizontal control oil amount of the horizontal cylinder (65) and decreases the lift control oil amount of the lift cylinder (63) by turning on when traveling while plowing the field headland ( 85) While the rotation of the rotary work machine (14) lowers the rotation of the engine (2) and increases the control oil amount of the elevating cylinder (63), the lowering of the rotary work machine (14) increases the rotation of the engine (2). It returns to the original and increases the control oil amount of the horizontal cylinder (65).
[0005]
【Example】
Embodiments of the present invention will be described below in detail with reference to the drawings. 1 is a side view of the tilling control circuit, FIG. 2 is a side view of the whole, FIG. 3 is a plan view of the same, and FIG. 4 is a side view of a tilling rotary working unit. In the figure, reference numeral (1) denotes a tractor as a traveling vehicle, in which a bonnet (3) for installing an engine (2) is provided with left and right front running wheels (4) and (4) on both sides, and the rear part of the bonnet (3) A steering handle (5) is provided at the rear of the steering wheel (5), and a driver's seat (6) is installed behind the steering wheel (5), and left and right rear running wheels (7) and (7) are installed on both sides of the driver's seat (6). At the same time, the left and right brake pedals (9) and (9) and the clutch pedal (10) are arranged in the step (8) on the front side of the driver seat (6), and the operator sits on the driver seat (6) and travels. It is configured as follows.
[0006]
Further, a rotary rotary working machine (14) is attached to a transmission case (11) for driving the traveling wheels (4) and (7) via a lower link (12) and a top link (13), and the working machine (14) is attached. The tractor (1) is mounted on the rear side of the tractor (1) so as to be movable up and down. The main shift lever (15), the position control lever (16) for manually moving the working machine (14) up and down, and the working machine (14 ) Is placed on the right side of the driver's seat (6), and the traveling auxiliary transmission lever (18) and the working machine (14) ) Is placed on the left side of the driver's seat (6).
[0007]
Further, as shown in FIGS. 4 to 7, a gear box (20) is arranged in the center of the work machine (14) to transmit power from the PTO shaft (21) of the tractor (1), and at the same time, the gear box (20 ) The beam (22) protrudes from the side to both sides, a support plate (23) is fixed to each middle part of the beam (22), and a lower link (12) is connected to the front end of the support plate (23) The front end of the depth frame (24) is pivotally supported at the rear end of the support plate (23), and left and right tail wheels (25) (25) are provided on the rear end side of the depth frame (24).
[0008]
The upper part of the chain case (26) and the upper part of the side support (27) are fixed to the outer end of the beam (22), and the tilling claw shaft (28) is placed between the lower part of the chain case (26) and the lower part of the side support (27). A large number of rotary claws (29) made up of nail claws are planted radially on the tilling claw shaft (28), and a rotary cover ( 30) and both sides are covered by side covers (31). The tilling claw shaft (28) is driven via a gear in the gear box (20), a transmission shaft in the beam (22), a sprocket in the chain case (26) and a chain, and the rotary claw (29). Is rotated so that the rotary cover (30) can be rotated back and forth around the axis of the tilling claw shaft (28) by rotating the handle (32).
[0009]
Then, a plate (33) fixed to the beam (22) is projected forward, a support rod (34) is horizontally mounted on the front end of the plate (33), and a mounting plate (35) is mounted on the support rod (34). Is fixed, and the upper portion of the cutting blade (36) is fixed to the mounting plate (35). Four cutting blades (36) are mounted on the outer side of the lower link (12) in the left-right width direction, and the cutting blade (36) is curved rearward and tilted forward and backward. The straight lower portion of the rotary claw (29) faces a rearwardly inclined shape in the front portion of the rotation locus of the rotary claw (29). That is, in a side view, the lower part of the cutting blade (36) is arranged so as to overlap the front part of the rotational trajectory of the rotary claw (29), and the cutting blade (36) and the rotary claw (29) adjacent thereto are arranged. The distance between the left and right direction is narrow so that no remaining tillage is possible. However, the outer two cutting blades (36) (36) are provided between the rotary claw (29) and the eccentric claw (37). A partition plate (38) is disposed between the rear surface of the cutting blade (36) and the rotary cover (30). That is, the partition plate (38) is fixed to the back surface of the cutting blade (36), and the partition plate (38) is brought close to the rotary cover (30) so that folds, weeds, etc. may not enter and get entangled. ing. In addition, the partition plate (38) is configured in a triangular shape, the upper side is matched to the shape inside the rotary cover (30), and the front side is closely matched to the shape of the rear surface of the cutting blade (36). The rear side has an arc shape so as to guide the bag or the like downward. And the width | variety (plate thickness) of a partition plate (38) is made narrower than the width | variety of a cutting blade (36), and a wrinkle, a weed, etc. are prevented from getting entangled.
[0010]
Furthermore, a steel plate first rear cover (40) is connected to the rear end of the rotary cover (30) above the rotary claw (29) via a first fulcrum shaft (39) so as to be swingable in the vertical direction. 40) The front end of the rubber second rear cover (41) is fixed to the rear end, and the front end of the third rear cover (43) made of steel plate is fixed to the rear end of the second rear cover (41) that forms a leveling space (42) below. At the same time, the second fulcrum shaft (44) at the rear end of the first rear cover (40) and the third fulcrum shaft (45) at the front end of the third rear cover (43) are connected by a pair of left and right links (46) (46). The fourth fulcrum shaft (47) is provided substantially coaxially with the third fulcrum shaft (45), and the lower end of the first suspension rod (48) is connected to the fourth fulcrum shaft (47) to provide the third rear cover (43). A pair of left and right second suspension locks on the fifth fulcrum shaft (49) at the rear end (50) The lower ends are connected, and the upper ends of the first and second suspension rods (48), (50) are attached to the support body (51) of the first rear cover (40) so as to be movable up and down, and each suspension rod (48) (50) and the third rear cover (43) form a side view triangle, and a line connecting the second, third and fifth fulcrum shafts (44) (45) (49) forms a side view triangle. Then, the third rear cover (43) is moved upward about the second fulcrum shaft (44) or the third fulcrum shaft (45), and the suspension rod (48) of the second fulcrum shaft (44) and the support body (51) is provided. ) (50) The forward movement is restricted by the downward tension of the rods (48) and (50) by the operation of the lever mechanisms of the cover (43) and the rods (48) and (50) with the connecting portion as a fulcrum. Move the third rear cover (43) rearward and upward to Yakaba (43) sides is to perform a floating action of moving back and forth in a plan view. Further, a pair of left and right gas dampers (52) are connected between the fifth fulcrum shaft (49) and the support (51) of the first rear cover (40), and a substantially constant spring constant can be obtained for the entire stroke. The third rear cover (43) is supported by a gas damper (52) that can be formed larger, and even when the tractor (1) is tilted left and right, the tilling surface can be leveled by the right and left equal pressure of the third rear cover (43). It is configured as follows.
[0011]
Further, the upper end side of the suspension rod (48) (50) is loosely inserted into the bearing body (53) of the support body (51), so that the pin (54) abutting on the upper surface side of the bearing body (53). Are embedded in the rods (48) and (50), the rods (48) and (50) are prevented from being pulled out downward, the forward movement of the third rear cover (43) is restricted, and the springs (55) and (55) The lower end of a pair of left and right rods (56) and (56) wound with a rod is coupled to the upper surface of the first rear cover (40), and the upper end side of the rod (56) slides on the support (57) of the rotary cover (30). The first rear cover (40) is configured to be freely pressed downward by a spring (55).
[0012]
A rake support (58) is detachably fixed to the upper surface of the third rear cover (43), and a rake (59) fixed to the support (58) is extended to the rear of the third rear cover (43). 6, the upper end of the gas damper (52) is connected to the shaft (60) of the support (51) to which the upper end side of the second suspension rod (50) is attached, and the second suspension rod (50) and the gas damper are connected. (52) are made as close to each other as possible and provided substantially in parallel, and a pair of left and right tail wheels (25) and (25) are attached to the rear end of the depth frame (24) via a support frame (61). The rake (59) is disposed between the wheels (25) and (25), and the tail wheel (25) prevents the rake (59) from colliding with the eaves or the like when the headland direction is changed. Running or lifting upwards for maintenance It is configured to also serve the tail wheel (25) works in such as a bumper of the rake (59) left and right outer.
[0013]
Further, the first fulcrum shaft (39) is mounted at a position substantially equal to or higher than the upper end of the rotation trajectory of the rotary claw (29), and the rear cover (40) is centered on the first fulcrum shaft (39) during tillage work. (41) Ascending (43), a large space (42) with a large area is formed below the rear cover (40) (41) (43) behind the rotational trajectory of the rotary claw (29). ) (41) Prevents the soil pushed forward by (43) from reaching the soil raising part of the rotary claw (29) and prevents an increase in the tilling load on the rotary claw (29) due to the cultivation work at high speed. At the time of tillage work, the rear covers (40), (41), and (43) are lifted by the tillage and arranged on the arcuate line with the radius around the point (A) where the rotary claws (29) are extracted to the ground. Rotary claw (2 ), A uniform space (42) having a size of about 50% or more of the area of the rotation trajectory is formed between the rear side of the rotary claw (29) rotation trajectory and the rear cover (40) (41) (43). Alternatively, a small object such as a light clot is scattered by a rotary claw (29) to a high position on the lower surface of the rotary cover (40) (41), and a large object such as a large clot, a heavy clot, or a stump (rice plant) The small object becomes the upper layer, the large object becomes the lower layer, and the upper small object is leveled by the rear cover (41) (43) by the specific gravity separation effect of the scattering of the rotary claw (29). The large object is pushed down further by the rear rake (59). Therefore, the large-sized product maintains the air permeability and water permeability inside the soil well, and the soil surface layer is formed by the small-sized material in a state suitable for sowing or seedling transplantation.
[0014]
Further, four rotary claws (29) are attached at intervals of 90 degrees on the same circumference around the tilling claw shaft (28), and the front end sides of the rotary claws (29) are alternately directed in the left-right direction. The rotary claw (29) is arranged in a plurality of rows in the direction of the axis of the tilling claw shaft (28) on the orthogonal plane of the tilling claw shaft (28). 29) A gap is provided between the tip trajectories of (29), the lateral bending width of the rotary claw (29) is about twice as large as the tip trajectory gap, and the left and right rotary claws (29) (29) base end The rotary claw (29) is formed so that the distance is about five times the tip trajectory gap.
Further, the rotary claw (29) is bent into a shape to be picked up after the soil is cut off, and a force for pushing and moving the soil laterally by a horizontal component of the tip bending portion of the rotary claw (29) and the rotary claw (29 ) The laterally repelling force of the elastic deformation of) pushes the dredging soil in the horizontal direction substantially parallel to the tilling claw shaft (28) axis, and the left and right rotary claws (29) and (29) the remaining tillage of the tip locus gap Rotating the rotary claw (29) by attaching about 70% of the rotary claws (29) ... of the conventional rotary claw installation number. The speed is substantially the same as the conventional rotational speed (about 200 to 400 revolutions per minute), and the traveling speed of the tractor (1) is about twice the conventional traveling speed (about 0.5 meters per second). Without increasing the tillage load compared to It is configured to allow the tilling by approximately double the efficiency.
Further, the cutting blade (36) is plunged into the soil at a position overlapping the ground crushing point of the rotary claw (29) in a side view, and the soil plunging portion of the cutting blade (36) is supported to be inclined backward. In addition, both the left and right sides of the cutting blade (36) are formed by flat surfaces having a width, and the cutting blade (36) enters the soil by pulling downward and the cutting soil (36) is restored by the restoring force. ) A force that presses against the side surface is generated as an extraction resistance force of the cutting blade (36), and is caused by an extraction resistance force of the cutting blade (36) that is substantially equal to or slightly larger than the reaction force of the rotary claw (29). The entire rotary rotary working machine (14) is prevented from being lifted upward by the reaction force of the entry resistance in the soil, and the rotary claw (29) is configured to alleviate the impact generated by the entry into the soil.
Note that, on the rear side of the tilling claw shaft (28), a reaction force of the rotary claw (29) extraction force is generated opposite to the reaction force (lifting force) of the flat force of the rear covers (40) (41) (43). , Stabilize the tillage posture by balancing each reaction force.
[0015]
Further, as shown in FIG. 8, a hydraulic lift (62) is provided on the upper surface of the transmission case (11), and the left and right lift arms (64) (64) are swung up and down by the lifting cylinder (63) of the hydraulic lift (62). The left and right lift arms (64) (64) and the left and right lower links (12) (12) are connected by the left and right horizontal cylinders (65) and (65), and the left and right lower links ( 12) The left and right horizontal cylinders (65) (65) (12) that swing up and down to raise and lower the rotary working machine (14) to the non-plowing working position or the plowing working position, while operating in an approximately equal amount in opposite directions. The left and right lower links (12) and (12) are swung up and down separately by moving the pistons (66) and (66) of 65), so that the rotary work machine (1 Are configured) to adjust the tilt to the left and right.
[0016]
Further, as shown in FIG. 9, an electromagnetic hydraulic lift valve (67) for controlling the operation of the lifting cylinder (63), an electromagnetic hydraulic horizontal valve (68) for controlling the operation of the left and right horizontal cylinders (65) (65), an engine ( 2) hydraulic pump (69) driven by the flow priority, flow priority large flow valve (70), medium flow valve (71) and small flow valve (72), and each large, medium and small flow valve (70) (71) (72). ) Is provided with an electromagnetic hydraulic oil amount switching valve (73) for supplying hydraulic oil from the hydraulic pump (69) to the elevation and horizontal valves (67) (68).
Then, the hydraulic pump (69) is communicated with the elevation and horizontal valves (67) (68) via the oil amount switching valve (73) and the middle flow valve (71) at the neutral position, and the horizontal cylinder (65) is operated. The horizontal control oil amount and the lift control oil amount for operating the lift cylinder (63) are maintained at a constant ratio, both the horizontal cylinder (65) and the lift cylinder (63) are operated at a predetermined speed, and the oil amount switching valve By switching (73), the hydraulic pump (69) is connected to the lift and horizontal valves (67) (68) via the large flow valve (70) or the small flow valve (72). 70), by connecting the hydraulic pump (69) to the elevation and horizontal valves (67) (68) via the hydraulic pump (69), the amount of horizontal control oil increases and the operating speed of the horizontal cylinder (65) increases. As a result, the lifting / lowering control oil amount decreases and the lifting / lowering cylinder (63) operates at a lower speed, and the hydraulic pump (69) communicates with the lifting / lowering and horizontal valves (67) (68) via the small flow rate valve (72). Contrary to the above, the amount of the horizontal control oil is decreased, the operation speed of the horizontal cylinder (65) is decreased, and the amount of the lift control oil is increased to increase the operation speed of the lift cylinder (63). Yes.
[0017]
As described above, since the operating speed of the horizontal cylinder (65) is increased, the horizontal control operation of the horizontal cylinder (65) is properly performed following the tillage operation at high speed, and at this time Even if the operation speed of the cylinder (63) is slow, the rotary work machine (14) is not raised to the non-plowing work position, so that there is no problem in the lifting operation. In addition, since the lifting / lowering cylinder (63) is accelerated, the rotary working machine (14) on the field headland is quickly moved to the non-plowing working position or the plowing working position. (65) Even if the operation speed becomes slow, the tilling work is stopped, so that no trouble occurs in the horizontal control operation.
[0018]
Further, as shown in FIG. 1, the engine (2) is rotated by the high-speed tillage switch (74) for maintaining the engine (2) at a high rotation speed to perform the high-speed tillage operation and the non-plowing work position of the rotary work machine (14). A headland turning switch (75) for lowering the speed, an elevating switch (17), an engine output circuit (77) for operating a speed governing motor (76) of an electronic governor for increasing or decreasing the number of revolutions of the engine (2), and a lower link A tilling controller in which a lifting / lowering circuit (78) for operating an electromagnetic hydraulic lifting / lowering valve (67) for controlling a hydraulic lifting / lowering cylinder (63) for lifting and lowering a rotary work machine (14) via (12) is constituted by a microcomputer. (79). Further, a potentiometer type lift arm sensor (80) for detecting a support height (cultivation work position to non-plow work position) of the rotary work machine (14) to be moved up and down by the lift cylinder (63) is provided to the tillage controller (79). The connection is made so that the operation of lowering the rotation of the engine (2) by raising the rotary work machine (14) and automatically raising the rotation of the engine (2) by lowering are performed.
[0019]
Also, a horizontal sensor (81) that is attached to the tractor (1) or the rotary work machine (14) to detect the left-right inclination of the rotary work machine (14) and the piston (66) in and out of the left and right horizontal cylinders (65) (65) A horizontal control circuit (84) for actuating a horizontal valve (68) for simultaneously operating the left and right horizontal cylinders (65) (65) in the reverse direction simultaneously; A headland tillage switch (85) that is turned on when headland is tilled is connected to the head controller (79), and the cultivator rotary work machine (14) that is a ground work machine is moved up and down on the tractor (1). In a mobile agricultural machine provided with left and right horizontal cylinders (65) and (65) for supporting the rotary work machine (14) so as to freely adjust the right and left inclination while freely supporting it, There is provided a tillage controller (79) for automatically performing horizontal control of the rotary work machine (14) by operating the left and right horizontal cylinders (65) and (65) in opposite directions when performing dredging work, and a horizontal sensor Based on the detection result of (81), the both sides of the rotary work machine (14) are moved up and down in the reverse direction by the left and right horizontal cylinders (65) and (65) to automatically adjust the right and left inclination, and the conventional single horizontal cylinder horizontal Compared to control, the horizontal control operation by the horizontal cylinder (65) is performed promptly, and the problem of delaying the horizontal control operation due to the increased traveling speed is eliminated, and the rotary work machine (14) The horizontal control operation of moving the side up and down hardly changes the support height of the rotary work machine (14), and the horizontal control is performed with the rotary work machine (14) supported at a predetermined height. It is configured so as to perform the work. The left and right position sensors (82) and (83) can perform horizontal control in the same manner as described above even when only one of them is used.
[0020]
Further, an oil amount switching circuit (85) for operating the oil amount switching valve (73) is connected to the tillage controller (79), and the tiller rotary working machine (14) which is a ground working machine is connected to the tractor (1). ) In a mobile agricultural machine having a horizontal cylinder (65) for supporting the rotary work machine (14) so as to be adjustable in a horizontal direction. The tillage controller (79) that automatically changes the amount and the horizontal control oil amount of the horizontal cylinder (65) according to the work mode is provided to increase the hydraulic drive force of the horizontal cylinder (65) when performing the tilling work at high speed. The horizontal control operation is performed, and the hydraulic drive force of the lifting cylinder (63) is increased when turning on the field headland to perform the lifting and lowering operation. The hydraulic pressure required for driving each cylinder (63) (65) is reduced without impairing each function of the Linda (63) (65), the capacity of the hydraulic pump (69) is reduced, and the hydraulic drive structure is simplified. The system is configured to reduce the manufacturing cost and the like.
[0021]
This embodiment is configured as described above. As shown in the flowchart of FIG. 10, when the high-speed tillage switch (74) is turned on and a high-speed tillage operation is commanded, the engine (2) runs at a maximum speed (in 1 second). When the tractor (1) reaches the field headland and the rotary work machine (14) is lifted by the lift switch (17), the lift valve (67) is controlled. The lift cylinder (63) performs the work machine ascending operation, raises the rotary work machine (14) to the non-tillage work position, and the lift arm sensor (80) is input with the headland turning switch (75) turned on. When the non-plowing work position of the rotary work machine (14) is confirmed, the engine (2) speed reduction operation is performed by the speed control motor (76) deceleration control, and the engine ( ) Decrease the rotational speed by about 30%, decelerate to a traveling speed suitable for headland turning, and operate the horizontal cylinders (65) and (65) based on the outputs of the left and right position sensors (82) and (83). ) To perform a horizontal control neutral return operation for supporting the rotary work machine (14) substantially in parallel. Instead of the above-described horizontal control neutral return operation, the rotary work machine (14) is tilted in the opposite direction to the previous process (when the previous process is tilted to the right, and when the previous process is tilted to the left, it is tilted to the left) and reciprocated. Tillage work by traveling can also be performed.
[0022]
When the rotary work machine (14) descending operation by the lift switch (17) is confirmed by starting the next process tilling work, the horizontal cylinders (65) (65) are operated based on the detection result of the horizontal sensor (81). The automatic horizontal control is automatically started, and the lift cylinder (63) performs the work machine lowering operation by the lift valve (67) control, lowering the rotary work machine (14) to the tilling work position, and the speed control motor (76) The engine (2) speed increasing operation is performed by the speed increasing control, the engine (2) speed is returned to the original maximum speed, and high speed tillage in the next process is started.
[0023]
Further, as shown in the flowchart of FIG. 11, when the high-speed tillage switch (74) is off and no high-speed tillage work is performed, the oil amount switching valve (73) is held neutral and the horizontal control of the horizontal cylinder (65) is performed. The hydraulic oil from the hydraulic pump (69) is distributed to the elevation and horizontal valves (67) and (68) through the middle flow valve (71) that keeps the oil amount and the elevation control oil amount of the elevation cylinder (63) constant. .
Further, when the high speed tillage switch (74) is turned on and the engine (2) is rotated at the highest speed to perform the high speed tillage work, the rotary work machine (14) is lowered to the tillage work position or the headland tillage switch ( 85) is turned on, the oil amount switching valve (73) is switched to increase the horizontal control oil amount of the horizontal cylinder (65) and to reduce the elevation control oil amount of the lifting cylinder (63) (70). ) To increase the amount of hydraulic oil from the hydraulic pump (69) distributed to the horizontal valve (68) side, increase the operating speed of the horizontal cylinder (65), and distribute to the lift valve (63) side The amount of hydraulic oil from (69) is decreased, and the operating speed of the elevating cylinder (63) is decreased.
Furthermore, when the high-speed tillage switch (74) is on and the high-speed tillage work is performed by the maximum rotation of the engine (2), the rotary work machine (14) is not lowered, or the headland tillage switch (85). Is not turned on, the oil amount switching valve (73) is switched to reduce the horizontal control oil amount of the horizontal cylinder (65) and to increase the lifting control oil amount of the lifting cylinder (63) ( 72), the amount of hydraulic oil from the hydraulic pump (69) distributed to the horizontal valve (68) side is reduced, the operating speed of the horizontal cylinder (65) is decreased, and the hydraulic pressure is distributed to the lift valve (63) side. The amount of hydraulic oil from the pump (69) is increased, and the operating speed of the elevating cylinder (63) is increased.
[0024]
Furthermore, as shown in the flowchart of FIG. 12, when the high-speed tillage switch (74) is on and the rotary work machine (14) is lowered, the left and right position sensors (82) (83) are input and the horizontal sensor (81 ) The left or right inclination of the rotary working machine (14) is determined by the input, and when the amount of change in inclination of the rotary working machine (14) is greater than or equal to a predetermined value, the horizontal cylinder (65 The hydraulic pump (69) is connected to the vertical and horizontal valves (67) and (68) through a large flow valve (70) that increases the horizontal control oil amount of the vertical cylinder (63) and decreases the vertical control oil amount of the lift cylinder (63). On the other hand, when the amount of change in the inclination of the rotary work machine (14) is below a predetermined value, the amount of horizontal control oil in the horizontal cylinder (65) is decreased and increased by switching the oil amount switching valve (73). Through the small flow valve (72) to increase the lift control oil quantity of the cylinder (63), to connect the lift and the horizontal valve (67) hydraulic pump (68) (69).
When the rotary work machine (14) is tilted to the left and tilted to the left, the left tilt of the rotary work machine (14) is corrected by the left raising operation of the left horizontal cylinder (65) and the right lowering action of the right horizontal cylinder (65). At the same time, when the rotary working machine (14) is tilted to the right and tilted to the right, the right tilting of the rotary working machine (14) is corrected by the left lowering action of the left horizontal cylinder (65) and the right raising action of the right horizontal cylinder (65). Then, the rotary working machine (14) is supported substantially horizontally to perform the tilling work.
[0025]
【The invention's effect】
As is apparent from the above embodiments, the present invention provides the tractor (1) with the lifting cylinder (63) for supporting the ground working machine (14) so that it can be lifted and lowered, and the ground working machine (14) can be adjusted to tilt right and left. In a mobile agricultural machine provided with a horizontal cylinder (65) to be supported, and provided with a controller (79) that automatically changes the vertical control oil amount of the vertical cylinder (65) and the horizontal control oil amount of the horizontal cylinder (65) according to the work mode A switching valve (73) that increases one of the control oil amount of the horizontal cylinder (65) or the control oil amount of the elevating cylinder (63) and decreases the other, and the engine (2) by raising the rotary work machine (14) A headland turning switch (75) that lowers the rotation of the engine and increases the rotation of the engine (2) by lowering the rotation of the engine (2); A headland tillage switch that increases the horizontal control oil amount of the horizontal cylinder (65) and decreases the lift control oil amount of the lift cylinder (63) by turning on when traveling while plowing the field headland ( 85) While the rotation of the rotary work machine (14) lowers the rotation of the engine (2) and increases the control oil amount of the elevating cylinder (63), the lowering of the rotary work machine (14) increases the rotation of the engine (2). It can be returned to the original and the control oil amount of the horizontal cylinder (65) is increased, so that the drive structure can be simplified and the manufacturing cost can be easily reduced.
In addition, it is possible to improve the efficiency of tillage work by increasing the traveling speed, which is a defect of the prior art, but the difference in traveling speed becomes large between straight traveling during tillage work and turning of the field headland, When a lifting cylinder that raises and lowers the rotary work machine and a horizontal cylinder that supports the rotary work machine by tilting left and right to support it in parallel with the tiller, the lifting and horizontal cylinders are reliably secured by the engine output when the running speed is slow. Therefore, it is necessary to actuate, and therefore, it is possible to improve the point that an extra driving force is secured for each cylinder during high speed traveling, which is uneconomical.
[Brief description of the drawings]
FIG. 1 is a cultivation control circuit diagram.
FIG. 2 is an overall side view.
FIG. 3 is a plan view of the same.
FIG. 4 is a side view of a tillage rotary working machine.
FIG. 5 is a side view of a rotary claw portion.
FIG. 6 is a plan view of a rear cover.
FIG. 7 is a rear view of a rotary claw portion.
FIG. 8 is a plan view of a hydraulic lift unit.
FIG. 9 is an elevation and horizontal control hydraulic circuit diagram.
FIG. 10 is a tillage control flowchart.
FIG. 11 is a flow chart for controlling the horizontal oil level.
FIG. 12 is a horizontal control flowchart.
[Explanation of symbols]
(1) Tractor (traveling vehicle)
(14) Tillage rotary work machine (ground work machine)
(63) Lifting cylinder
(65) Horizontal cylinder
(79) Controller

Claims (1)

トラクタ(1)に対地作業機(14)を昇降自在に支持させる昇降シリンダ(63)を設けると共に、対地作業機(14)を左右傾斜調節自在に支持させる水平シリンダ(65)を設け、昇降シリンダ(63)の昇降制御油量と水平シリンダ(65)の水平制御油量を、作業モードによって自動的に変更するコントローラ(79)を設ける移動農機において、
水平シリンダ(65)の制御油量または昇降シリンダ(63)の制御油量の一方を増大させもう一方を減少させる切換バルブ(73)と、
ロータリ作業機(14)の上昇によってエンジン(2)の回転を下げかつ下降によってエンジン(2)の回転を上げる枕地旋回スイッチ(75)と、
圃場枕地を耕耘しながら走行するときにオンにすることにより、水平シリンダ(65)の水平制御油量を増加させ、かつ昇降シリンダ(63)の昇降制御油量を減少させる枕地耕耘スイッチ(85)とを設け、
ロータリ作業機(14)の上昇によってエンジン(2)の回転を下げかつ昇降シリンダ(63)の制御油量を増加させる一方、
ロータリ作業機(14)の下降によってエンジン(2)の回転を上げて元に戻しかつ水平シリンダ(65)の制御油量を増加させることを特徴とする移動農機。
The tractor (1) is provided with an elevating cylinder (63) for supporting the ground work machine (14) so as to be movable up and down, and a horizontal cylinder (65) for supporting the ground work machine (14) so as to be adjustable in a left-right inclination is provided. In a mobile agricultural machine provided with a controller (79) that automatically changes the lifting control oil amount of (63) and the horizontal control oil amount of the horizontal cylinder (65) according to the work mode,
A switching valve (73) for increasing one of the control oil amount of the horizontal cylinder (65) or the control oil amount of the elevating cylinder (63) and decreasing the other;
A headland turning switch (75) that lowers the rotation of the engine (2) by raising the rotary work machine (14) and raises the rotation of the engine (2) by lowering;
A headland tillage switch that increases the horizontal control oil amount of the horizontal cylinder (65) and decreases the lift control oil amount of the lift cylinder (63) by turning on when traveling while plowing the field headland ( 85)
While the rotation of the rotary work machine (14) lowers the rotation of the engine (2) and increases the control oil amount of the elevating cylinder (63),
A mobile agricultural machine characterized in that when the rotary work machine (14) is lowered, the rotation of the engine (2) is increased and returned to the original state, and the control oil amount of the horizontal cylinder (65) is increased.
JP01981695A 1995-01-11 1995-01-11 Mobile farm machine Expired - Fee Related JP3613352B2 (en)

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JP3613352B2 true JP3613352B2 (en) 2005-01-26

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CN114954709A (en) * 2022-06-07 2022-08-30 李树浩 Multifunctional tillage implement drawn by tractor

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