JP3486855B2 - Ground work equipment - Google Patents

Description

Description: BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention The present invention relates to a tilling rotary working machine or a plow or the like which performs tilling work by a tractor. 2. Description of the Related Art Conventionally, a tilling rotary working machine or a plow or the like is mounted on a rear side of a tractor so as to be able to move up and down, and the cultivating work is performed by the rotary working machine or the like. It was desired to be quick and finish the work as soon as possible. [0003] In the prior art, the tilling work efficiency can be improved by increasing the running speed. However, when turning the tractor on a headland in a field, a steering wheel is used. In addition to the operation of the brake pedal and the operation of raising the rotary work machine, it is necessary to perform an operation of an accelerator lever or a shift lever for reducing the traveling speed.
However, when the operator performs each of the above operations to reduce the traveling speed and change the direction, the operation tends to be complicated. In addition, the headland width is likely to be non-uniform because the timing of deceleration of the traveling speed or the timing of stopping and restarting the tilling operation for changing the direction is advanced or delayed. Generally, a headland width smaller than the size that allows tilling in one round trip of the tractor is preferable, but if the traveling speed is reduced more quickly than necessary, the headland width may be formed larger than the width required for turning, or a headland may be formed. When the timing to reduce the running speed is delayed, the tractor approaches the edge of the field more than the width required for turning, and moves forward. It is not possible to change the direction only by traveling, and it is necessary to perform a troublesome change of direction by switching between forward and reverse. As described above, by increasing the traveling speed at the time of the tilling work, there arises a problem that the tractor's direction changing operation on the field headland cannot be easily performed. SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION The present invention relates to a tilling apparatus for mounting a ground work machine on a tractor such that the ground work machine can be moved up and down in conjunction with an operation of raising the ground work machine to a non-tilling work position. An automatic control operation for reducing the tractor traveling speed and a controller for performing an automatic control operation for further reducing the tractor traveling speed in conjunction with an operation for changing the direction of the tractor are provided.
The tractor travel speed is automatically reduced by the operation of raising the ground work machine to the ground, and the tractor travel speed is automatically further reduced by the tractor direction change operation. The operation can be smoothly shifted to the turning operation of the tractor, the impact given to the worker can be reduced by the multi-step deceleration of the tractor traveling speed, and the driving operation for changing the direction at the headland can be easily performed. The high-speed tillage work can be performed while the headland is always formed with a substantially constant width. An embodiment of the present invention will be described below in detail with reference to the drawings. 1 is a traveling speed control circuit diagram, FIG. 2 is an overall side view, FIG. 3 is a plan view of the same, and FIG. 4 is a side view of a tilling rotary working machine. In the figure, reference numeral (1) denotes a tractor, which is provided with left and right front running wheels (4) and (4) on both sides of a hood (3) in which an engine (2) is installed, and a steering handle at the rear of the hood (3). (5), a driver's seat (6) is installed behind the steering wheel (5), left and right rear running wheels (7) and (7) are installed on both sides of the driver's seat (6). (6) The left and right brake pedals (9) and (9) and the clutch pedal (10) are arranged in the front step (8).
It is configured such that the operator travels while sitting on the driver's seat (6). A tilling rotary working machine (1) is mounted on a transmission case (11) for driving the running wheels (4) and (7) via a lower link (12) and a top link (13).
4), and the work machine (14) is mounted on the rear side of the tractor (1) so as to be able to move up and down.
5), a position control lever (16) for raising and lowering the work machine (14) by manual operation, and a lifting switch (17) for raising and lowering the work machine (14) to a non-work raising position and a tilling work lowering position by one-touch operation. ) Is arranged on the right side of the driver's seat (6), and the traveling auxiliary shift lever (18) and the PTO shift lever (19) for changing the output to the work implement (14) are connected to the driver's seat (6). Place it on the left. Further, as shown in FIGS. 4 to 7, a gear box (20) is arranged at the center of the work machine (14).
Power is transmitted from the PTO shaft (21) of the tractor (1), and beams (22) protrude from both sides of the gear box (20), and a support plate (23) is provided at an intermediate portion of each of the beams (22). And a lower link (12) is connected to a front end of the support plate (23), and a front end of a depth frame (24) is pivotally supported at a rear end of the support plate (23). Left and right tail wheels (25) (25) are provided on the rear end side. An upper part of a chain case (26) and an upper part of a side support (27) are fixedly provided at an outer end of the beam (22), and a tilling claw shaft (28) is provided between a lower part of the chain case (26) and a lower part of the side support (27). ), A large number of rotary claws (29)... Composed of nata claws are radially implanted on the tilling claw shaft (28) in a side view, and the rotation trajectory of the rotary claw (29) is above. Rotary cover (3
0), and both sides are covered by side covers (31). The cultivating claw shaft (28) is driven via a gear in the gear box (20), a transmission shaft in the beam (22), a sprocket and a chain in the chain case (26), and a rotary claw (29) ... Can be tilled by rotating the handle, and the handle (3
By the rotation operation 2), the rotary cover (30) can be rotated back and forth around the axis of the tillage claw shaft (28). Then, a plate (33) fixed to the beam (22) is projected forward, and the plate (33) is fixed to the beam (22).
A support rod (34) is laid on the front end, and a mounting plate (35) is fixed to the support rod (34).
The upper part of the cutting blade (36) is fixed to 5). In addition,
Four cutting blades (36) are attached to the outer side of the machine from the lower link (12) in the left-right width direction, and the middle portion of the cutting blade (36) is curved backward and inclined forward and backward.
The linear lower portion of 6) faces backward in the front of the rotation locus of the rotary claw (29). That is, in a side view, the lower part of the cutting blade (36) is disposed so as to overlap the front part of the rotation trajectory of the rotary claw (29), and the cutting blade (36) and the rotary claw (2) adjacent thereto are arranged.
The interval in the left and right direction of 9) is narrowed to prevent residual tillage. However, the two outer cutting blades (36) (36) are provided between the rotary claw (29) and the eccentric claw (37). A partition plate (38) is provided between the rear surface of the cutting blade (36) and the rotary cover (30). That is, the partition plate (38) is fixed to the back surface of the cutting blade (36),
The partition plate (38) is brought close to the rotary cover (30) so that straw, weeds and the like do not enter and become entangled. Further, the partition plate (38) is formed in a triangular shape, and the upper side is closely fitted to the shape inside the rotary cover (30), and the front side is closely fitted to the shape of the rear surface of the cutting blade (36). The rear side is shaped like an arc to guide straw or the like downward. And the partition plate (3
The width (plate thickness) of 8) is smaller than the width of the cutting blade (36),
The straw and weeds are not entangled. Further, a first rear cover (40) made of a steel plate is connected to the rear end of the rotary cover (30) above the rotary pawl (29) via a first fulcrum shaft (39) so as to be vertically swingable. The front end of the second rubber rear cover (41) is fixed to the rear end of the 1 rear cover (40), and the leveling space (4
The front end of the third steel rear cover (43) is fixed to the rear end of the second rear cover (41) forming the second rear cover (41), and the second fulcrum shaft (44) at the rear end of the first rear cover (40) and the third rear cover (43). 43) The third fulcrum shaft (45) at the front end is connected by a pair of left and right links (46) (46), and a fourth fulcrum shaft (47) is provided substantially coaxially with the third fulcrum shaft (45).
The lower end of the first suspension rod (48) is connected to the fourth fulcrum shaft (47), and a pair of left and right second suspension rods (50) is connected to the fifth fulcrum shaft (49) at the rear end of the third rear cover (43). The lower ends are connected, and the upper ends of the first and second suspension rods (48) and (50) are attached to the support (51) of the first rear cover (40) so as to be able to move up and down. And a third rear cover (43) to form a triangle in side view, and second, third, and fifth fulcrum axes (44), (45), (49).
The third rear cover (43) is moved upward about the second fulcrum shaft (44) or the third fulcrum shaft (45), and the second fulcrum shaft (4) is formed.
4) and suspension rods (48) (50) of the support (51)
The third rear cover (the forward movement of which is restricted by the downward projection of each rod (48) (50) by the operation of the lever mechanism of the cover (43) and each rod (48) (50) with the connecting portion as a fulcrum). 43) is moved rearward and upward to perform a floating operation in which both sides of the third rear cover (43) move back and forth in plan view. In addition, the fifth fulcrum shaft (4
9) and a pair of left and right gas dampers (52) connected between the support (51) of the first rear cover (40), so that a substantially constant spring constant can be obtained over the entire stroke and a large stroke can be formed. ) To support the third rear cover (43), so that even if the tractor (1) is tilted left and right, the tilling surface can be leveled by pressing the third rear cover (43) right and left equally. The upper ends of the suspension rods (48) (50) are loosely inserted into the bearings (53) of the supports (51), and the pins abut against the upper surfaces of the bearings (53). (5
4) are implanted in the rods (48) and (50) to prevent the rods (48) and (50) from being pulled out downward, to limit the forward movement of the third rear cover (43), and to use the springs (55) and (50). 55) and a pair of left and right rods (5
6) (56) The lower end is connected to the upper surface of the first rear cover (40), and the upper end of the rod (56) is connected to the rotary cover (3).
The first rear cover (40) is slidably attached to the support (57) of (0), and is configured to be elastically pressed downward by a spring (55). A rake support (58) is detachably fixed on the upper surface of the third rear cover (43), and a rake (59) fixed to the support (58) extends rearward of the third rear cover (43). As shown in FIG. 6, the support (51) to which the upper end of the second suspension rod (50) is attached.
The upper end of the gas damper (52) is connected to the shaft (60) of the second suspension rod (50) and the gas damper (52) are provided as close to each other as possible and substantially parallel to each other. A pair of right and left tail wheels (25) and (25) are attached to the ends via a support frame (61), and the left and right tail wheels (2
5) The rake (59) is disposed between the (25). The tail wheel (25) prevents the rake (59) from colliding with a ridge or the like at the time of headland change, and allows the vehicle to run on the road or The tail wheel (25) is also used as a bumper on the left and right outer sides in maintenance work or the like lifted upward. Further, a first fulcrum shaft (39) is mounted at a position substantially equal to or higher than the upper end of the rotation locus of the rotary claw (29), and a rear cover is provided around the first fulcrum shaft (39) during tilling work. (40) As the (41) and (43) rise, a leveling space (42) having a large area is formed below the rear covers (40), (41) and (43) behind the rotation locus of the rotary pawl (29). Rear cover (40) (4
1) The soil pushed forward by (43) is a rotary claw (2
9) Prevents reaching the soil jumping part and prevents increase in the tilling load of the rotary claw (29) due to tilling work at high speed running. During tilling work, the rotary claw (29) is pulled out to the ground The rear covers (40), (41), and (43) are lifted and arranged by cultivated soil on an arc line having a radius centered on the point (A) where the rotary claw (29) is located. Uniform space of size (42)
To the rear of the rotary claw (29) rotation trajectory and the rear cover (4
0), (41) and (43), small objects such as fine or light soil are scattered to a high position on the lower surface of the rotary covers (40) and (41) by the rotary claws (29), and large or heavy Alternatively, a large object such as a stump (rice plant) is scattered to a lower position by the rotary claw (29), and a small object becomes an upper layer due to a specific gravity separation action due to the scattering of the rotary claw (29), and a large object becomes a lower layer.
The upper small objects are leveled by the rear covers (41) and (43), and the large ones are further pushed down by the rear rake (59). Accordingly, the large-sized material maintains good air permeability and water permeability inside the cultivated soil, and the cultivated soil surface layer is formed by the small-sized material in a state suitable for sowing or seedling transplantation. Further, four rotary claws (29) are arranged on the same circumference around the cultivating claw shaft (28) at intervals of 90 degrees.
, And the tip side of each rotary claw (29) is alternately bent in the left-right direction, and four rows and one row of rotary claw (29) are arranged on a plane orthogonal to the tillage claw shaft (28). ) A plurality of rows are provided in the axis direction, and a gap is provided between the tip trajectories of the rotary claws (29) and (29) facing each other in the left-right direction. Double the size of the rotary claw (2
9) (29) The rotary claw (29) is formed so that the base end interval is about five times as large as the tip end track gap. Further, the rotary claw (29) is bent into a shape of scooping after cutting off the soil, and a force for pushing and moving the soil in the horizontal direction by a horizontal component force of a tip curved portion of the rotary claw (29) and the rotary claw (29). The scooping soil is extruded in a lateral direction substantially parallel to the axis of the tilling claw shaft (28) by the repulsive force of the elastic deformation in the lateral direction,
Left and right rotary pawls (29) (29) A structure that crushes the soil in the part of the tip trajectory gap where residual cultivation occurs and prevents the formation of residual cultivation.
Percent of the rotary pawls (29) are attached, the rotational speed of the rotary pawls (29) is made substantially the same as the conventional rotational speed (about 200 to 400 rotations per minute), and the traveling speed of the tractor (1) is Running speed (about 0.5 per second)
M), so that the tilling work can be performed with the working efficiency approximately doubled without increasing the tillage load compared to the conventional method. In addition, the rotary claw (2
The cutting blade (36) is made to penetrate into the soil at a position overlapping in the side view with respect to the submerged entry point of (9), the submerged portion of the cutting blade (36) is inclined backward and supported, and the cutting blade (36) is inclined. The left and right sides of the cutting blade (36) are formed by an uneven flat surface having a width, and a downward force in which the cutting blade (36) enters the soil by traction and a force in which the cut soil is pressed against the side surface of the cutting blade (36) by a restoring force. But,
The pull-out resistance of the cutting blade (36), which is generated as the pull-out resistance of the cutting blade (36) and is substantially equal to or slightly larger than the counter-force of the rotary claw (29), makes the reaction of the soil rush resistance. This prevents the tilling rotary working machine (14) from lifting up as a whole, and the rotary pawl (29) is configured to reduce the impact generated by rushing into the soil. On the rear side of the tilling claw shaft (28), the reaction force (lifting force) of the leveling force of the rear covers (40), (41), and (43).
, A reaction force of the pulling force of the rotary claw (29) is generated, and the balance of the reaction forces stabilizes the tilling posture. Further, as shown in FIG. 1, a work sensor (62) for detecting that the tillable rotary work machine (14) is performing the tillage work by the tillage work operation of the PTO shift lever (19), etc .; A switch (17), an engine output circuit (64) for operating an engine rotation control mechanism (63) constituted by a motor of an electronic governor for increasing or decreasing the rotation speed of the engine (2) or a motor or a solenoid for switching an accelerator lever, etc. A traveling transmission circuit (66) for operating a continuously variable transmission mechanism (65) of a transmission case (11) is connected to a controller (67) composed of a microcomputer, and an engine output circuit (64) is used to connect an engine (2). And the traveling speed is changed by the traveling speed change circuit (66). That. Further, as shown in FIGS. 8, 9 and 10,
A hydraulic steering cylinder (69) is provided on a front axle case (68) on which the front wheels (4) are mounted,
A tie rod (70) for changing the direction of the front running wheel (4) is connected to a piston (71) of the cylinder (69),
A turning angle detection rod (72) for detecting a turning angle of the front running wheel (4) is slidably provided on the case (68), and the handle (5) is rotated to operate the cylinder (69). As a result, the tie rod (70) comes into contact with the plate (73) fixed to the cutting angle detection rod (72) at a turning angle of the tractor (1) for turning the headland direction greater than a predetermined angle due to the retreat of the piston (71). The angle detection rod (72), and slide the groove (7) of the rod (72).
4) The steel balls (75) and (75) are pushed up and the limit switch type steering sensor (76) detects that the turning angle is necessary for turning the headland direction, while the cutting angle due to the neutral return spring pressure. The steering sensor (76) detects that the change of direction of the tractor (1) has been completed by returning the steel ball (75) to the groove (74) by returning the detection rod (72) to the straight traveling position. (76) is connected to the controller (67), and the tilling rotary work machine (14) is mounted on the tractor (1) so that the cultivating rotary work machine (14), which is a ground work machine, can be freely moved up and down. Automatic control operation to reduce the traveling speed of the tractor (1) in conjunction with the operation of raising the tractor (1) to the non-tilling work position, and in conjunction with the operation of changing the direction of the tractor (1) Controller to perform the automatic control operation to further decelerate the tractor (1) speed Te (6
7), a lifting switch (17) for raising the tillable rotary work machine (14) to the ground when it reaches the headland on the field.
The traveling speed of the tractor (1) is automatically reduced by about 1
The steering sensor (76) is decelerated by 5% and changes direction of the tractor (1) of the steering handle (5).
Is detected, the traveling speed of the tractor (1) is automatically further reduced by about 15%, so that it is possible to smoothly shift from the plowing operation at the high speed traveling to the turning operation at the field headland. I have. Then, as shown in the flowchart of FIG. 11, the work sensor (62) detects that the tilling work is being performed by driving the rotary claw (29), and the engine (2) runs at the highest speed at the highest speed. (Travel speed of about 1.0 meter per second). Further, when the tractor (1) reaches the headland on the field and the operator raises the lifting / lowering switch (17) and lifts the tilling rotary work machine (14) to the non-tilling position, the lifting / lowering switch (17). The lifting operation detects the lifting operation of the work machine (14), and the engine rotation control mechanism (63) such as an electronic governor is automatically controlled via the engine output circuit (64) to lower the rotation speed of the engine (2) by about 15%. A first lowering operation is performed to reduce the traveling speed of the tractor (1). Further, when the steering wheel (5) for turning about 180 degrees is turned, a steering sensor (76) for detecting that the front running wheel (4) has turned much more than during the tilling operation is input. When it is detected that the steering angle is greater than a predetermined value, the engine rotation control mechanism (63) is automatically controlled via an engine output circuit (64) to reduce the engine (2) rotation speed. A second lowering operation of further lowering by about 15% is performed, and the traveling speed of the tractor (1) is further reduced. Thus, the tractor (1) is turned on the headland at a low speed while the engine (2) rotation speed is lowered by about 30% as compared with the time of the tilling operation, and the work machine (14) is lifted to the ground. The traveling speed of the tractor (1) is automatically reduced in multiple stages by the turning angle of the steering handle (5) and the predetermined angle or more, and the direction of the tractor (1) is changed in the headland on the field. (1) The traveling speed of the tractor (1) is reduced at substantially the same timing every time the direction is changed at the headland on the field where heading is performed, and a headland of approximately the same width is formed only by the tractor (1) direction changing operation similar to the conventional one. Is done. Further, when the direction change of the tractor (1) at the headland on the field is completed and the operation of the steering handle (5) is returned to the straight-ahead position, the straight-ahead movement of the tractor (1) is input by the input of the steering sensor (76). The movement is detected, the engine rotation control mechanism (63) is automatically controlled via the engine output circuit (64), and the first raising operation for increasing the engine (2) rotation speed by about 15% is performed, and the tractor (1) )
Increase running speed. Further, when the operator lowers the tilling rotary work machine (14) to the tilling position by lowering the raising / lowering switch (17), the lowering operation of the raising / lowering switch (17) detects the lowering operation of the work machine (14), and the engine is stopped. The engine rotation control mechanism (6) is output via the output circuit (64).
3) is automatically controlled, and a second raising operation for further increasing the engine (2) rotation speed by about 15% is performed;
The tractor (1) further increases the traveling speed. In this way, the engine (2) increases the rotation speed by about 30%, returns the running speed to the original speed, and performs tilling work at a high speed running about twice that of the conventional one. By the operation of returning the angle to a predetermined value or less and the descending and landing operation of the work machine (14), the traveling speed of the tractor (1) is automatically increased in multiple stages, and the plowing operation is restarted. Further, based on the operation of raising or lowering the lift switch (17) and the result of detection by the steering sensor (76), the traveling speed change circuit (66) is accelerated / decelerated to automatically control the continuously variable transmission mechanism (65). Similarly to the above embodiment, the traveling speed may be reduced in multiple stages when shifting from the tilling operation to the turning operation, and the traveling speed may be increased in multiple stages when shifting from the turning operation to the tilling operation. In addition to this, the automatic control of the engine rotation control mechanism (63) and the automatic control of the continuously variable transmission mechanism (65) may be simultaneously performed by one of the priority operations. As is apparent from the above embodiments, the present invention relates to a tilling apparatus in which a ground work machine (14) is mounted on a tractor (1) so as to be able to move up and down freely. Tractor (1) in conjunction with the operation of lowering the traveling speed of the tractor (1) in conjunction with the operation of raising the tractor to the tilling work position and the tractor (1) in conjunction with the operation of changing the direction of the tractor (1)
A controller (67) for performing an automatic control operation for further reducing the traveling speed is provided. When the vehicle reaches the headland, the traveling speed of the tractor (1) is increased by operating the ground work machine (14) to the ground. Since the speed is automatically reduced and the tractor (1) traveling speed is automatically further reduced by the tractor (1) direction change operation, a smooth transition from tilling work at high speed running to turning operation at a headland on a field is smoothly performed. The impact given to the worker can be reduced by the multi-step deceleration of the traveling speed of the tractor (1),
In addition, it is possible to easily perform the driving operation for changing the direction in the field headland, and to perform the high-speed tilling operation while always forming the field headland with a substantially constant width.

[Brief description of the drawings] FIG. 1 is a driving speed control circuit diagram. FIG. 2 is an overall side view. FIG. 3 is a plan view of the same. FIG. 4 is a side view of the tillage rotary working machine. FIG. 5 is a side view of a rotary claw portion. FIG. 6 is a plan view of a rear cover. FIG. 7 is a rear view of the rotary claw portion. FIG. 8 is a plan view of a steering sensor unit. FIG. 9 is a side view of the same. FIG. 10 is an enlarged view of FIG. FIG. 11 is a flowchart of traveling speed control. [Explanation of symbols] (1) Tractor (14) Tilling rotary work machine (ground work machine) (67) Controller

Continued on the front page (72) Inventor Osamu Nakagawa 1-32 Chaya-cho, Kita-ku, Osaka-shi Inside Yanmar Agricultural Machinery Co., Ltd. (72) Inventor Toko Takahashi 1-32 Chaya-cho, Kita-ku, Osaka-shi In-company (72) Inventor Takashi Hirano 1-32 Chaya-cho, Kita-ku, Osaka-shi Yanmar Diesel Co., Ltd. (72) Inventor Masaru Yamamoto 1-1-1, Ishiba, Matsumoto-shi, Nagano Pref. Matsumoto Plant Co., Ltd. (72) Inventor Mitsutoshi Miyazaki 1-1-1, Ishiba, Matsumoto City, Nagano Prefecture Ishikawa Shima Shibaura Machinery Co., Ltd. (72) Inventor Tetsuya Takizawa Ishiba, Matsumoto City, Nagano Prefecture No. 1-1 Ishikawa Shima Shibaura Machinery Co., Ltd. Matsumoto Plant (56) References JP-A-6-276807 (JP, A) JP-A-6-73349 (JP, U) (58) Fields investigated (Int.Cl) . ^7, DB name) A01B 69/00 302 F02D 29/00

Claims (1)

(57) [Claim 1] In a tilling apparatus for mounting a ground work machine on a tractor so as to be able to move up and down, a tractor traveling speed is linked to an operation of raising the ground work machine to a non-tiling work position. A ground work apparatus comprising: a controller for performing an automatic control operation for decelerating and an automatic control operation for further reducing the tractor traveling speed in conjunction with an operation for changing the direction of the tractor.