JP3612752B2 - Cooking method - Google Patents
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- JP3612752B2 JP3612752B2 JP27359894A JP27359894A JP3612752B2 JP 3612752 B2 JP3612752 B2 JP 3612752B2 JP 27359894 A JP27359894 A JP 27359894A JP 27359894 A JP27359894 A JP 27359894A JP 3612752 B2 JP3612752 B2 JP 3612752B2
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- rice
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- sterilized
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Description
【0001】
【産業上の利用分野】
本発明は、加工米飯を長期間保存,流通させるための炊飯方法に関する。
【0002】
【従来の技術及び発明が解決しようとする課題】
近年、各種食品を無菌状態で包装した商品が広く流通している。このような、無菌充填包装食品を製造する方法としては、食品の種類によって、食品をガスバリアー性のフィルム,シート等で密封包装する前、あるいは密封包装した後、高温に加熱して殺菌処理を施す方法が一般的に採用されている。
【0003】
しかし、密封包装する前に加熱殺菌を行うものでは、殺菌工程を終えてから密封包装するまでの間に細菌類が食品に付着する二次汚染を防止するため、クリーンルーム等の無菌設備を設ける必要があり、設備投資が大きくなるため、コスト高の要因となっていた。このため、密封包装後に加熱殺菌を行うことが望ましいが、食品の種類によっては、この加熱殺菌時の高温での加熱処理により製品の品質に悪影響が出るものがあった。
【0004】
一方、米飯類の場合、通常、枯草菌(Bacillus)属,単球菌(Micrococcus)属,緑膿菌(Pseudomonas)属等の細菌が原料米1グラム当たり102 〜105 程度付着しているが、米飯を変質させるのはBacillus属であり、なかでもこれらの胞子(耐熱性芽胞)が最も問題となる。この耐熱性芽胞菌は、炊飯時の加熱だけでは十分に殺菌を行うことが困難なため、例えば、特開平5−176696号公報に記載されるように、あらかじめ通常の炊飯方法で炊飯した米飯を無菌設備の中で脱酸素剤と共に包装した後、さらに高温での加熱殺菌処理を行って耐熱性芽胞菌を死滅させるようにしている。ところが、この方法では、クリーンルーム等の無菌設備が必須であるだけでなく、高温での再加熱により製品米飯の品質が劣化することがある。
【0005】
また、極端な加熱による完全滅菌ではなく、無菌化(無菌の状態に近付ける)の範疇で静菌剤により微生物の繁殖を抑制する方法も行われている。しかし、この場合は、厳密には無菌状態とはいえないものが多く、また、静菌剤の添加により食品の品質に影響を与えることもあった。
【0006】
例えば、特開平5−176693号公報には、グルコノデルタラクトンや有機酸類等の静菌効果を有する物質を米の浸漬水や炊飯水に添加し、炊飯後の米飯のpHを低下させることにより、製品の保存性を高める方法が記載されているが、これらの物質により製品に酸味が出て品質が損なわれることがあった。
【0007】
そこで本発明は、高温での再加熱や静菌剤の添加による品質低下、さらに、クリーンルーム設備等の導入によるコスト高を解消することができ、原料米に付着している耐熱性芽胞菌を炊飯時に確実に殺菌処理することができる炊飯方法を提供することを目的としている。
【0009】
【課題を解決するための手段】
本発明の炊飯方法は、洗米,浸漬,炊飯工程を経て精白米を炊飯するにあたり、少なくとも炊飯工程で用いる炊飯水に、室温で、pHが4.0以下,酸化還元電位が820mV以上,溶存塩素濃度が1〜200ppm,溶存酸素濃度が50ppm以下の殺菌水を用いるとともに、前記精白米と殺菌水とを蒸気透過性フィルムで被覆してから炊飯工程を行うことを特徴としている。
【0010】
本発明で用いる蒸気透過性フィルムは、耐熱性を有し、蒸気を透過し、かつ、微生物を透過させないメッシュサイズのフィルムであれば各種のものを用いることが可能であり、例えば、紙パルプとポリエチレンの混抄紙で、0.5μmのメッシュサイズのフィルムを用いることができる。
【0011】
このような蒸気透過性フィルムで被覆してから食品を加熱調理するとともに、該加熱により殺菌処理を行うことにより、加熱時に発生する余分な水分を排出して食品が水っぽくなることを防止できるとともに、加熱調理により無菌状態となっている食品に空気中の細菌類が付着する二次汚染を防止できる。したがって、加熱調理後に放置しておいても無菌状態を保つことができ、高温のまま、あるいは冷却後に食す場合でも、細菌類の付着を心配することがない。
【0012】
また、上記加熱調理後に、必要に応じて常温付近まで冷却してから、通常のガスバリアー性のフィルム,シート等で密封包装することにより、空気や水分が前記蒸気透過性フィルムを透過して食品に影響を及ぼすことを防止でき、長期保存が可能な無菌充填包装食品を得ることができる。これにより、クリーンルーム等の無菌設備を必要とせずに無菌充填包装食品を製造することができる。
【0013】
また、米飯のように、通常の加熱工程、即ち炊飯工程では十分な殺菌処理を行えないものの場合は、少なくとも炊飯工程の炊飯水に前記殺菌水を用いることにより、原料米に付着している耐熱性芽胞菌を炊飯時に確実に殺菌処理することができる。さらに、炊飯工程時に、精白米と殺菌水とを前記蒸気透過性フィルムで被覆することにより、炊飯時に殺菌水は蒸気となって蒸気透過性フィルムから排出されるので、炊飯後の米飯に余計な水分が残留することがなく、通常の炊飯工程と同様の炊飯操作で行うことができる。また、殺菌水に含まれる塩素分も、蒸気と共に排出されるので、炊飯後の米飯に塩素臭が残ることもない。しかも、炊飯後に大気中に放置しておいても、蒸気透過性フィルムが細菌類の透過を防止するので、細菌類が米飯に付着することもない。
【0014】
したがって、炊飯時の加熱だけで殺菌処理を行えるので、これをガスバリアー性のフィルム,シート等で密封包装することにより、常温で長期間の保存が可能な無菌状態の米飯を得ることができ、再加熱あるいは静菌剤の添加による品質低下のない高品質な無菌充填包装米飯を得ることができる。
【0015】
前記殺菌水は、前述の通り、室温で、pHが4.0以下,酸化還元電位が820mV以上,溶存塩素濃度が1〜200ppm,溶存酸素濃度が50ppm以下という物性を有するものであり、例えば、食塩水を電気分解することにより得ることができる。すなわち、イオン交換膜で仕切った容器内に少量の食塩水を充填し、前記イオン交換膜を挟んで陰極と陽極とを配して電圧を印加し、電気分解によって陽極側にできる液体を採取することによって得ることができる。この殺菌水は、常温でも殺菌作用を有してはいるが、40℃以上で被処理物に接触させると、耐熱性を有する細菌類をも確実に殺菌処理することができる。
【0016】
したがって、この殺菌水を炊飯水として用いることにより、炊飯工程での加熱により殺菌水と精白米とが40℃以上で接触する状態になるので、通常の加熱殺菌では残存してしまう耐熱性芽胞菌も確実に殺菌処理することができる。
【0017】
次に、1食分に小分けした無菌充填包装米飯を製造する手順を例に挙げて本発明をさらに詳細に説明する。
【0018】
まず、原料となる精白米を通常の機械的撹拌法や気泡水洗法等によって洗米した後、所定時間の浸漬工程を行う。このとき、原料米の汚染度が高い場合には、洗米工程や浸漬工程でも前記殺菌水を用いることができ、引続き行う炊飯工程での殺菌処理に先立って原料米に付着している細菌数を低減させることができる。さらに、洗米工程や浸漬工程で殺菌水を用いる場合、品質に影響のない範囲で殺菌水の温度を高めることにより、さらに殺菌能力を高めることができる。
【0019】
次に、浸漬工程を終えた所定量の精白米を、所定量の殺菌水とともに耐熱性容器に充填し、開口部を前記蒸気透過性フィルムで完全にシール(一次シール)する。そして、蒸し庫あるいはコンベアー式の連続蒸気炊飯器等で10〜20分間加熱するなどの従来の炊飯法と同様の方法で炊飯工程を行う。
【0020】
なお、浸漬工程で殺菌水を用いる場合は、浸漬水をそのまま炊飯水として用いることができ、耐熱性容器に精白米と殺菌水とを所定量充填してから浸漬工程を行うようにしてもよい。また、前記耐熱性容器は、所望の量目に見合った任意の大きさのもので、耐熱性を有していれば各種のものを用いることができ、例えば、塩化ビニリデンフィルムを中間層とし、上下層にポリプロピレンを積層したシートをトレー状に成型した耐熱性プラスチックトレーを用いることができる。
【0021】
このように、炊飯水に殺菌水を用いて炊飯工程を行うことにより、通常の加熱殺菌では残存してしまう耐熱性芽胞菌を通常の炊飯加熱操作のみで完全に死滅させることができる。また、微生物が通過せず、蒸気のみを排出することが可能な蒸気透過性フィルムで容器開口部をシールすることにより、炊飯時の蒸気圧による容器の破裂を防止することができるとともに、余分な水分が容器内に残ることも防止できる。しかも、炊飯滅菌後に、空気中に存在する菌による二次汚染を完全に防止することができるので、クリーンルーム等の無菌設備を必要とせず、設備コストの低減が図れる。
【0022】
さらに、所定の蒸らしを行って放冷した後、容器全体をガスバリアー性の高いフィルムで二次シールすることにより、空気や水分の通過による品質劣化や乾燥を防止することができ、常温での長期間の保存に十分に耐えることができる無菌充填包装米飯を得ることができる。なお、二次シールの内側に必要に応じて脱酸素剤を入れてもよく、この場合でも脱酸素剤自体の殺菌は不要である。
【0023】
【実施例】
次に、本発明の実施例及び比較例を説明する。
実施例1
耐熱性プラスチックトレーに生米10gと、前記電解処理で得た殺菌水(電解酸性水)12.5gとを入れた後、開口部を0.5μmのメッシュサイズの紙パルプとポリエチレンの混抄紙からなる蒸気透過性フィルムで一次シールした。家庭用炊飯器に410gの水を張り、炊飯時間16分,蒸らし時間15分として6個のトレーを同時に炊飯した。できあがった米飯は、水分が60.0%となり、通常の炊飯米と同等のものであった。常温に冷却した後、トレー全体をガスバリアー性のフィルムで二次シールして無菌充填包装米飯とした。これを25℃で保存して経時的にサンプリングし、一般細菌数検査を行った。
【0024】
比較例1
実施例1において、殺菌水に代えて通常の水道水を用いた以外は同様にして包装米飯を製造し、同様に25℃で保存して経時的にサンプリングし、一般細菌数検査を行った。
【0025】
比較例2
実施例1において、殺菌水に代えて通常の水道水を用いるとともに、蒸気透過性フィルムで一次シールしなかった以外は同様にして包装米飯を製造し、同様に25℃で保存して経時的にサンプリングし、一般細菌数検査を行った。
【0026】
上記実施例1及び比較例1,2の一般細菌数検査の結果(20検体平均の菌数[cells/g])を以下に示す。
【0027】
保存28日目に実施例1の検体を電子レンジにより加熱して官能検査を行った結果、異味・異臭等は感じられず、通常の水で炊飯した米飯と変わりがなかった。一方、比較例1,2の検体は、保存数日目から激しい異臭を伴う腐敗検体が多く認められた。
【0028】
なお、一般の加熱調理で殺菌処理を行える食品、例えば、ギョーザ,シューマイ,中華まん等の場合は、前記殺菌水を用いることなく多少の水と共にあるいは水を加えることなく蒸気透過性フィルムで被覆して加熱調理するだけで十分な殺菌処理を行うことができるとともに、二次汚染を防止して無菌設備内で作業を行うことなく良好な保存性を有する無菌充填包装食品を得ることができた。
【0029】
【発明の効果】
以上説明したように、本発明の炊飯理方法によれば、クリーンルーム等の無菌設備を必要とせずに無菌充填包装米飯を低コストで製造することができる。また、所定の殺菌水を用いて炊飯することにより、原料米に付着している耐熱性芽胞菌を炊飯時の加熱だけで確実に殺菌処理することができる。さらに、精白米と殺菌水とを蒸気透過性フィルムで被覆してから炊飯することにより、二次汚染を防止することができ、高品質の無菌充填包装米飯を容易に低コストで製造することができる。[0001]
[Industrial application fields]
The present invention is, save the machining rice long time, about 炊 rice method for circulating.
[0002]
[Prior art and problems to be solved by the invention]
In recent years, products in which various foods are packaged in a sterile state have been widely distributed. As a method for producing such aseptically filled packaged food, depending on the type of food, before the food is hermetically packaged with a gas barrier film, sheet or the like, or after hermetically packaged, it is heated to a high temperature and sterilized. The method of applying is generally adopted.
[0003]
However, in the case of heat sterilization before sealed packaging, it is necessary to provide aseptic equipment such as a clean room in order to prevent secondary contamination of bacteria attached to food between the end of the sterilization process and sealing packaging. As a result, capital investment has increased, which has been a cause of high costs. For this reason, it is desirable to perform heat sterilization after sealed packaging, but depending on the type of food, there is a case where the quality of the product is adversely affected by heat treatment at high temperature during the heat sterilization.
[0004]
On the other hand, in the case of cooked rice, bacteria such as the genus Bacillus, the genus Micrococcus, and the genus Pseudomonas are usually attached at about 10 2 to 10 5 per gram of raw rice. It is the Bacillus genus that alters cooked rice, and these spores (heat-resistant spores) are the most problematic. Since this heat-resistant spore fungus is difficult to sterilize sufficiently only by heating at the time of rice cooking, for example, as described in JP-A-5-176696, cooked rice previously cooked by a normal rice cooking method is used. After packaging with an oxygen scavenger in an aseptic facility, heat sterilization is further performed at a high temperature to kill the heat-resistant spore bacteria. However, in this method, not only aseptic equipment such as a clean room is essential, but the quality of the product cooked rice may deteriorate due to reheating at a high temperature.
[0005]
In addition, a method of suppressing the growth of microorganisms with a bacteriostatic agent is performed in the category of sterilization (approaching aseptic condition) instead of complete sterilization by extreme heating. However, in this case, there are many things that are not strictly sterile, and the addition of a bacteriostatic agent may affect the quality of food.
[0006]
For example, in JP-A-5-176663, a substance having a bacteriostatic effect such as glucono delta lactone or organic acids is added to rice soaking water or rice cooking water to lower the pH of the rice after cooking. Although a method for improving the shelf life of a product has been described, the quality of the product may be impaired due to the acidity of the product.
[0007]
The present invention, degradation due to the addition of reheating and bacteriostatic agents at high temperatures, further, Ki out to eliminate the high cost due to the introduction of clean room facilities, heat resistance spore-forming bacteria adhering to the raw material rice It aims at providing the rice cooking method which can sterilize reliably at the time of rice cooking.
[0009]
[Means for Solving the Problems]
In the rice cooking method of the present invention, at the time of cooking polished rice through washing, dipping and rice cooking processes, at least the rice water used in the rice cooking process has a pH of 4.0 or less, a redox potential of 820 mV or more, dissolved chlorine at room temperature. concentration 1 to 200 ppm, the dissolved oxygen concentration is characterized by performing the cooking process Rutotomoni using the following sterile water 50 ppm, and the polished rice and sterilizing water from the coating by a vapor permeable film.
[0010]
As the vapor permeable film used in the present invention, various types of films can be used as long as they are heat-resistant, vapor-permeable, and mesh-sized films that do not allow microorganisms to pass through. A polyethylene mixed paper and a film having a mesh size of 0.5 μm can be used.
[0011]
While cooking with food after coating with such a vapor-permeable film, by performing sterilization treatment by the heating, it is possible to prevent the food from becoming watery by discharging excess moisture generated during heating, It is possible to prevent secondary contamination in which airborne bacteria adhere to food that has been sterilized by cooking. Therefore, even if it is left after cooking, it can maintain aseptic condition, and there is no concern about the adhesion of bacteria even when eating at a high temperature or after cooling.
[0012]
In addition, after the above cooking, after cooling to near room temperature as necessary, it is hermetically sealed with a normal gas barrier film, sheet, etc. Aseptic filling and packaging food that can be stored for a long period of time can be obtained. Thereby, an aseptic filling packaged food can be manufactured, without requiring aseptic equipment, such as a clean room.
[0013]
Moreover, in the case of a thing which cannot perform sufficient sterilization processing in a normal heating process, ie, a rice cooking process like cooked rice, the heat resistance which has adhered to raw material rice by using the said sterilized water for the rice cooking water of a rice cooking process at least Can be reliably sterilized at the time of cooking rice. Furthermore, during the rice cooking process, by covering the polished rice and sterilized water with the vapor permeable film, the sterilized water becomes steam and discharged from the vapor permeable film during rice cooking, which is extraneous to the cooked rice after cooking. Moisture does not remain, and can be performed by the same rice cooking operation as in a normal rice cooking process. Moreover, since the chlorine content contained in sterilization water is also discharged | emitted with a vapor | steam, a chlorine smell does not remain in the cooked rice after cooking. Moreover, even if the rice is left in the air after cooking, the vapor permeable film prevents the bacteria from penetrating, so that the bacteria do not adhere to the cooked rice.
[0014]
Therefore, since it can be sterilized only by heating at the time of cooking, by sealing and packaging this with a gas barrier film, sheet, etc., it is possible to obtain aseptic rice that can be stored at room temperature for a long period of time, It is possible to obtain high-quality aseptic packed and cooked rice that does not deteriorate in quality due to reheating or addition of bacteriostatic agents.
[0015]
As described above, the sterilizing water has physical properties of room temperature, pH of 4.0 or less, oxidation-reduction potential of 820 mV or more, dissolved chlorine concentration of 1 to 200 ppm, and dissolved oxygen concentration of 50 ppm or less. It can be obtained by electrolyzing saline. That is, a small amount of saline solution is filled in a container partitioned by an ion exchange membrane, a cathode and an anode are arranged across the ion exchange membrane, a voltage is applied, and a liquid that can be formed on the anode side by electrolysis is collected. Can be obtained. Although this sterilizing water has a sterilizing action even at room temperature, when it is brought into contact with an object to be processed at 40 ° C. or higher, bacteria having heat resistance can be sterilized with certainty.
[0016]
Therefore, by using this sterilized water as the rice cooking water, the sterilized water and the polished rice are brought into contact with each other at 40 ° C. or higher by heating in the rice cooking process, so that the heat-resistant spore bacteria that remain in the ordinary heat sterilization Can be reliably sterilized.
[0017]
Next, the present invention will be described in more detail with reference to an example of a procedure for producing aseptic filled packed cooked rice divided into one serving.
[0018]
First, polished rice as a raw material is washed by a normal mechanical stirring method, bubble water washing method, or the like, followed by a dipping step for a predetermined time. At this time, if the contamination degree of the raw rice is high, the sterilized water can be used in the rice washing process and the soaking process, and the number of bacteria attached to the raw rice prior to the sterilization treatment in the subsequent rice cooking process is determined. Can be reduced. Furthermore, when sterilizing water is used in the rice washing process or the dipping process, the sterilizing ability can be further enhanced by increasing the temperature of the sterilizing water within a range that does not affect the quality.
[0019]
Next, a predetermined amount of polished rice after the dipping process is filled into a heat-resistant container together with a predetermined amount of sterilized water, and the opening is completely sealed (primary seal) with the vapor-permeable film. And a rice cooking process is performed by the method similar to the conventional rice cooking method, such as heating for 10 to 20 minutes with a steamer or a conveyor type continuous steam rice cooker.
[0020]
When sterilizing water is used in the dipping process, the dipping water can be used as cooked rice water as it is, and the dipping process may be performed after filling a predetermined amount of polished rice and sterilizing water in a heat-resistant container. . Further, the heat-resistant container is of an arbitrary size suitable for the desired amount, and various kinds of heat-resistant containers can be used as long as they have heat resistance, for example, a vinylidene chloride film as an intermediate layer, It is possible to use a heat-resistant plastic tray in which sheets of polypropylene laminated on the upper and lower layers are formed into a tray shape.
[0021]
Thus, the heat-resistant spore bacteria which remain | survived by normal heat sterilization can be completely killed only by normal rice heating operation by performing a rice cooking process using sterilization water for rice cooking water. In addition, by sealing the container opening with a vapor-permeable film that does not allow microorganisms to pass through and can discharge only the vapor, it is possible to prevent the container from rupturing due to the vapor pressure during cooking, and extra It is possible to prevent moisture from remaining in the container. In addition, since secondary contamination due to bacteria present in the air can be completely prevented after rice sterilization, aseptic equipment such as a clean room is not required, and equipment costs can be reduced.
[0022]
Furthermore, after performing predetermined steaming and allowing to cool, the entire container is secondarily sealed with a film having a high gas barrier property to prevent quality deterioration and drying due to the passage of air and moisture. Aseptic filled and packed cooked rice that can sufficiently withstand long-term storage can be obtained. Note that an oxygen scavenger may be placed inside the secondary seal as necessary, and even in this case, the oxygen scavenger itself is not required to be sterilized.
[0023]
【Example】
Next, examples and comparative examples of the present invention will be described.
Example 1
After putting 10 g of raw rice and 12.5 g of sterilized water (electrolytic acid water) obtained by the above electrolytic treatment in a heat-resistant plastic tray, the opening is made from a mixed paper of 0.5 μm mesh size paper pulp and polyethylene. The resulting film was primarily sealed with a vapor permeable film. The rice cooker for home use was filled with 410 g of water, and 6 trays were cooked at the same time with a cooking time of 16 minutes and a steaming time of 15 minutes. The finished cooked rice had a moisture content of 60.0% and was equivalent to ordinary cooked rice. After cooling to room temperature, the entire tray was secondarily sealed with a gas barrier film to obtain aseptically filled packed cooked rice. This was stored at 25 ° C., sampled over time, and a general bacterial count was performed.
[0024]
Comparative Example 1
In Example 1, packaged cooked rice was produced in the same manner except that ordinary tap water was used in place of the sterilized water, similarly stored at 25 ° C., sampled over time, and subjected to a general bacterial count test.
[0025]
Comparative Example 2
In Example 1, normal tap water was used instead of sterilized water, and packaged cooked rice was produced in the same manner except that it was not primarily sealed with a vapor-permeable film, and stored at 25 ° C. over time. Sampling and general bacterial counts were performed.
[0026]
The results of the general bacterial count test (Example 20 average cell count [cells / g]) of Example 1 and Comparative Examples 1 and 2 are shown below.
[0027]
On the 28th day of storage, the sample of Example 1 was heated with a microwave oven and subjected to a sensory test. As a result, no off-flavors, odors, etc. were felt, and it was the same as cooked rice cooked with normal water. On the other hand, in the samples of Comparative Examples 1 and 2, a lot of spoiled samples with a severe odor were observed from several days after storage.
[0028]
In addition, in the case of foods that can be sterilized by general cooking, such as Gyoza, Shumai, Chinese bun, etc., coat with a vapor permeable film without using the sterilizing water or without adding water. A sufficient sterilization treatment can be performed only by heating and cooking, and aseptic filling and packaging food having good preservability can be obtained without working in an aseptic facility by preventing secondary contamination.
[0029]
【The invention's effect】
As described above, according to the rice cooking method of the present invention, aseptic filling and packaging rice can be produced at low cost without requiring aseptic equipment such as a clean room. Moreover, by cooking using predetermined sterilized water, the heat-resistant spore bacteria adhering to the raw rice can be reliably sterilized only by heating during cooking. Furthermore, by covering the polished rice and sterilized water with a vapor permeable film before cooking, secondary contamination can be prevented, and high-quality aseptic packed and cooked rice can be easily produced at low cost. it can.
Claims (1)
Priority Applications (1)
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JP27359894A JP3612752B2 (en) | 1994-11-08 | 1994-11-08 | Cooking method |
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JP27359894A JP3612752B2 (en) | 1994-11-08 | 1994-11-08 | Cooking method |
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JP3612752B2 true JP3612752B2 (en) | 2005-01-19 |
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KR100379190B1 (en) * | 1999-09-28 | 2003-04-08 | 학교법인고려중앙학원 | Novel processing method for the production of aseptic packaged cooked rice by acidic electrolyzed water |
US20050186312A1 (en) * | 2004-02-23 | 2005-08-25 | Kraft Foods Holdings, Inc. | Shelf-stable foodstuffs and methods for their preparation |
JP5155466B1 (en) * | 2012-03-28 | 2013-03-06 | 株式会社マルエー食糧 | Method for producing cooked rice |
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