JP3607188B2 - Weather-resistant surface-treated steel and treatment method - Google Patents

Weather-resistant surface-treated steel and treatment method Download PDF

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Publication number
JP3607188B2
JP3607188B2 JP2000322393A JP2000322393A JP3607188B2 JP 3607188 B2 JP3607188 B2 JP 3607188B2 JP 2000322393 A JP2000322393 A JP 2000322393A JP 2000322393 A JP2000322393 A JP 2000322393A JP 3607188 B2 JP3607188 B2 JP 3607188B2
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rust
coating film
sulfate
steel
weather
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JP2002127301A (en
Inventor
隆之 上村
英昭 幸
和幸 鹿島
教史 土井
征史 川西
雅文 上田
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Nippon Steel Corp
Shinto Paint Co Ltd
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Shinto Paint Co Ltd
Sumitomo Metal Industries Ltd
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Description

【0001】
【発明の属する技術分野】
本発明は、海岸地域等の塩分の影響を受けて大気腐食が進行する厳しい環境下においても、鋼材を腐食から保護する作用を有する錆層(以下、「耐候性安定錆」または単に「安定錆」という)が早期に、かつ確実に、しかも外観を損なうことなく形成される耐候性表面処理鋼材およびその処理方法に関する。
【0002】
【従来の技術】
一般に、鋼にP、Cu、Cr、Ni等の元素を添加することにより、大気中における鋼の耐食性を向上させることができる。これらの低合金鋼は耐候性鋼と呼ばれ、屋外において数年で腐食に対する保護性のある錆、すなわち「耐候性錆」が鋼表面に形成され、以後塗装等の防食処理を必要としない、いわゆるメンテナンスフリー鋼である。
【0003】
しかしながら、耐候性錆が形成されるまでに数年かかるため、それまでの期間中に赤錆や黄錆等の浮き錆や流れ錆が生じて好ましくない外観を呈するのみならず、周囲環境の汚染源にもなるという問題点を残している。特に、海岸地域等の海塩粒子が飛来する環境においては、この傾向が著しいばかりでなく、耐候性鋼の特質である耐候性錆が形成されないという問題があった。
【0004】
この問題については、例えば特開平1−142008号公報に記載されるように、鋼材表面にリン酸塩皮膜を形成させる方法が提案されている。しかし、リン酸塩皮膜を形成させる前に適当な前処理を施す必要がある等、処理の内容が複雑であり、また鋼材の溶接が必要な場合、溶接部に処理を施すことは容易ではなく、建築構造物への適用にも問題がある。また、この方法では、海塩粒子等の塩分が飛来する厳しい大気腐食環境下では、耐候性錆が形成されにくいと思われる。
【0005】
また、特開平6−226198号公報には、硫酸クロムまたは硫酸銅を1〜65質量%含む有機樹脂塗料を鋼材表面に被覆して安定さびを早期に生成させる方法が開示されている。しかし、この方法は、流れ錆を防止する効果は大きいが、使用環境や用途によっては被覆材の表面に緑ないし白色の反応副生成物(硫酸鉄)が析出し、外観を損なうという問題があり、特に、橋梁桁内部等の結露の激しい環境において顕著である。また、田園地帯等の比較的マイルドな大気腐食環境下において安定さびの生成が遅れる場合があった。
【0006】
【発明が解決しようとする課題】
本発明の課題は、耐候性鋼等の低合金鋼や普通鋼などのいわゆる錆を生成する鋼材の表面に、耐候性安定錆が早期に、かつ確実に、しかも外観を損なうことなく形成される耐候性表面処理鋼材、および、前記表面処理鋼材を得るための表面処理方法を提供することにある。
【0007】
【課題を解決するための手段】
本発明者らは、20年以上の大気曝露試験により生成した錆を解析した結果、耐候性安定錆がα−(Fe、Cr)OOH(以下、「クロムゲーサイト」という)からなる微細結晶の緻密な集合により構成されていることを解明した。したがって、耐候性安定錆を早期に生成させて浮き錆や流れ錆の生成を抑えるためには、緻密なクロムゲーサイトの生成をいかに促進させるかがポイントとなる。なお、微細化したα−(Fe、Cr)OOHは、X線回折では回折ピークを与えない、いわゆるX線的非晶質物質となるが、メスバウアー分光分析では、明瞭に耐候性安定錆(クロムゲーサイト)が形成されていることが確認できる。
【0008】
そこで、クロムゲーサイトの生成を促進させるために検討を重ねた結果、鋼材表面あるいは鋼材表面に形成された錆層に硫酸クロムを適正量含有する有機樹脂塗料を塗布し、さらにその上に炭酸塩(例えば、NaHCO 、Na CO )、リン酸塩(例えば、Na HPO 、NaH PO )等の塩基性物質を適正量含有する有機樹脂塗料を塗布する表面処理を施すことにより、流れ錆の発生を伴わず、また硫酸鉄等の反応副生成物による表面汚損を伴うことなく、鋼材表面に耐候性安定錆を早期に、確実に形成させ得ることを見いだした。
【0009】
本発明は上記の知見に基づいてなされたものであり、その要旨は、下記(1)の耐候性表面処理鋼材、および(2)の表面処理方法にある。
(1)下層に乾燥膜厚が5〜50μmで、かつ硫酸クロムを0.1〜15mass%含む有機樹脂塗膜を有し、上層に乾燥膜厚が5〜30μmで、かつ硫酸クロムを含まず、塩基性物質を0.1〜12mass%含む有機樹脂塗膜を有する耐候性表面処理鋼材。
(2)鋼材の表面に、塗料固形分に対して硫酸クロムを0.1〜15mass%含む有機樹脂塗料を乾燥膜厚が5〜50μmになるように塗布した後、さらにその上に硫酸クロムを含まず、塗料固形分に対して塩基性物質を0.1〜12mass%含む有機樹脂塗料を乾燥膜厚が5〜30μmになるように塗布する表面処理方法。
【0010】
前記の「鋼材」は、特に鋼種を限定されるものではなく、普通鋼であっても、耐候性鋼等の低合金鋼であってもよい。いわゆる錆を生成する鋼材であればよい。
【0011】
「乾燥膜厚」とは、有機樹脂塗料を塗布した後、塗料の調製時に加える有機溶剤などが揮散した乾燥後の膜厚である。また、「塗料固形分」とは、バインダーとしての樹脂と、この樹脂に添加する硫酸クロムまたは塩基性物質、および樹脂に添加する顔料等の塗料添加剤をいい、有機溶剤など、塗装後の自然乾燥により揮散して、鋼材表面に形成される有機樹脂塗膜中に残存しないものは含まない。
【0012】
【発明の実施の形態】
以下、本発明の耐候性表面処理鋼材および表面処理方法について詳細に説明する。
【0013】
錆の構造が緻密であれば、鋼材表面は物理的に大気腐食環境から遮断されやすく、また浮き錆や流れ錆の根本的な原因である鉄イオンの溶出が軽減する。しかしながら、錆中に割れや細孔などの欠陥があると水や酸素の供給経路となり、錆の防食性能が低下する。したがって、鋼材表面に緻密で欠陥のない連続した錆層を形成させる必要がある。
【0014】
本発明の耐候性表面処理鋼材は、上記のように、母材鋼の表面に二層の有機樹脂塗膜を有する鋼材である。
【0015】
下層の有機樹脂塗膜(以下、有機樹脂塗膜を単に「塗膜」ともいう)には、0.1〜15mass%の硫酸クロムが含まれている。硫酸クロムは、塗膜中に水分が浸透してきたときに、クロムイオンと硫酸イオンに解離し、塗膜と母材鋼の界面に到達する。硫酸イオンおよび水分は鋼を腐食させ、鉄イオンを生成させる。一方、クロムイオンは、この鉄イオンを耐候性安定錆の主成分であるクロムゲーサイトに変化させる。また、硫酸イオンも初期に鉄イオンの生成を加速するだけではなく、安定錆の微細化、緻密化に関与していると考えられる。
【0016】
塩分の飛来するような厳しい大気腐食環境中でもこの効果を得るには、下層塗膜中に0.1mass%以上の硫酸クロムが含まれていることが必要である。これによって、本発明の耐候性表面処理鋼材が大気腐食環境に置かれたとき、耐候性安定錆が早期に生成し、しかもこの錆は極めて緻密で、大気腐食環境中に存在する塩化物イオン(Cl−1)等の腐食性アニオンの透過を抑制する優れた作用効果を有するものとなる。また、下層塗膜中の硫酸クロムの含有量を15mass%以下に限定したのは、これを超える量を含有させると、初期の母材鋼の腐食が大きすぎて、結果的に耐候性安定錆の保護性が低下し、厳しい大気腐食環境における防食効果が保証され得ず、硫酸イオンと母材鋼との反応により生成する硫酸鉄が鋼材の表面に析出して、外観が著しく損なわれるからである。
【0017】
下層塗膜に含まれる有機樹脂(基材樹脂をいう)の種類は特に制限を受けるものではなく、エポキシ樹脂、ウレタン樹脂、ビニル樹脂、ポリエステル樹脂、アクリル樹脂、アルキド樹脂、フタル酸樹脂等を使用することができる。
【0018】
下層塗膜には、硫酸クロムの他に、ベンガラ、二酸化チタン、カーボンブラック、フタロシアニンブルー等の着色顔料、タルク、シリカ、マイカ、硫酸バリウム、炭酸カルシウム等の体質顔料、酸化クロム、クロム酸亜鉛、クロム酸鉛、塩基性硫酸鉛等の防錆顔料、その他チキソ剤、分散剤、酸化防止剤等、慣用の添加剤が含まれていてもよい。
【0019】
下層塗膜の膜厚(乾燥膜厚)を5〜50μmとしたのは、5μm未満では安定錆生成能力が劣り、50μmを超えると効果が飽和し、経済的に不利であるとともに、大気腐食環境としてあまり厳しくない田園地帯などにおいて安定錆の生成が遅延する場合があるからである。
【0020】
上層塗膜中の樹脂としては、下層塗膜中の樹脂と同種の樹脂を主成分とする樹脂を用いるのがよい。異なる種類の樹脂を用いると、下層塗膜と上層塗膜との間の密着性が低下し、上層塗膜が剥離してくるため適当ではない。
【0021】
上層塗膜には、上記の下層塗膜の場合と同様、ベンガラ、二酸化チタン、カーボンブラック、フタロシアニンブルー等の着色顔料、タルク、シリカ、マイカ、硫酸バリウム、炭酸カルシウム等の体質顔料、酸化クロム、クロム酸亜鉛、クロム酸鉛、塩基性硫酸鉛等の防錆顔料、その他チキソ剤、分散剤、酸化防止剤等の添加剤が含まれていてもよい。しかし、硫酸クロムは含まれない。上層塗膜に硫酸クロムが含まれると、母材鋼から溶解した鉄が硫酸鉄として塗膜の外面で析出し、外観が損なわれやすいばかりか、安定錆の生成が抑制される場合がある。
【0022】
上層塗膜を設ける目的として、下層塗膜に含まれる硫酸クロムに起因して生じる上述した硫酸鉄の生成、析出の抑制とともに、下層塗膜中の硫酸クロムの逃散防止があげられる。上層塗膜がない場合、硫酸クロムが溶出していくので、安定錆を生成させるために過剰の硫酸クロムを下層塗膜に含有させておくことが必要になるが、上層塗膜が存在すると、硫酸クロムの溶出が抑えられるので、少量の硫酸クロムで安定錆を生成させることができる。さらに、上層塗膜の存在によって、上記生成した硫酸鉄を表面に析出させず、母材鋼と塗膜の界面または塗膜内部で取り込むことが可能となり、錆の生成が促進され、その結果、塗膜中の硫酸クロムと結びついて安定錆となる。
【0023】
このように、本発明の表面処理鋼材では、上層塗膜と下層塗膜とが互いにその役割を補完しあい、相乗的に作用して、母材鋼表面に早期に耐候性安定錆を形成させることが可能になる。
【0024】
上層塗膜には、0.1〜12mass%の塩基性物質を含有させる。なお、ここでいう塩基性物質とは、水溶液とした場合に、pH7以上を示す物質で、例えば、水酸化ナトリウム(NaOH)や水酸化カリウム(KOH)、前述した炭酸塩(例えば、NaHCO 、Na CO )、リン酸塩(例えば、Na HPO
、NaH PO )等があげられる。
【0025】
これら塩基性物質を含有させるのは、例えば、橋梁桁内部等の直接には雨があたりにくく、結露の激しい環境で副生成物として生成した硫酸鉄が塗膜の表面で緑色ないし白色生成物として析出する前に、塗膜内でこれと反応させ、塗膜外での析出に伴う外観の汚損を効果的に防止するためである。
【0026】
塩基性物質の含有量を0.1〜12mass%と規定したのは、含有量が0.1mass%未満であると、上記の硫酸鉄析出抑制効果が顕著には認められず、また、12mass%を超えて含有させると、効果が飽和するだけでなく、添加した塩基性物質が塗膜の表面で析出して、外観を損なう場合があるからである。なお、この塩基性物質は、下層塗膜に含有させても差し支えはないが、その場合の含有量は12mass%とするのが望ましい。
【0027】
上層塗膜の膜厚(乾燥膜厚)は5〜30μmとする。膜厚が5μm未満では硫酸鉄析出抑制効果が小さく、外観が損なわれる場合があり、一方、30μmを超えると、塗膜の表面から母材鋼への水分の透過が過度に抑制され、安定錆の生成が著しく遅延する場合がある。
【0028】
本発明の表面処理方法は、前記本発明の耐候性表面処理鋼材を得るための表面処理方法で、前記のように、鋼材の表面に、塗料固形分に対して0.1〜15mass%の硫酸クロムを含む有機樹脂塗料(以下、単に「塗料」ともいう)を塗布して下層塗膜を形成させ、さらにその上に0.1〜12mass%の塩基性物質を含む塗料を塗布して上層塗膜を形成させる方法である。
【0029】
下層塗膜の形成に使用される塗料(下塗り塗料)および上層塗膜の形成に使用される塗料(上塗り塗料)は、いずれも使用時に適当量の有機溶剤(以下、単に「溶剤」という)または水により塗装作業に適した粘度に調整される。溶剤または水分は、塗装後自然乾燥により蒸散していくが、特に下塗り塗料に含まれる水分の一部は、耐候性安定錆の生成反応にも寄与するするものと考えられる。
下塗り塗料、上塗り塗料のいずれにおいても、前述した着色顔料、体質顔料、防錆顔料、その他、慣用の添加剤が含まれていてよい。
【0030】
さらに、下塗り塗料には、鉄、銅、ニッケルの化合物や、リン酸あるいはその水溶液が含まれていてもよく、むしろその方が好適である。鉄イオンや銅イオン、ニッケルイオンあるいはリン酸はクロムイオンと共存することにより、クロムゲーサイトの生成を促進させる作用効果を有する。ただし、鉄、銅、ニッケルの化合物を硫酸化合物として添加するときは、硫酸クロムとの合計量で15mass%以下にしておくことが好ましい。前記合計量が15%を超えると、硫酸イオンによる初期の腐食が加速されすぎる結果、安定錆の生成が阻害されたり、あるいは塗膜の表面に硫酸鉄が析出して外観が損なわれるおそれが生じるからである。
【0031】
これらの下塗り塗料、上塗り塗料の塗装には、通常の塗装と同じくエアスプレー、エアレススプレーあるいは刷毛塗り等慣用の方法を用いることができるため、場所を選ばずに施工が可能であり、また比較的薄膜の塗装でよいため経済性にも優れている。さらには、現地塗装が可能なため、現地で鋼材の切断、溶接等の加工を施した後の塗装や、表面に錆が発生した鋼材の塗装にも対応できる。なお、所定の乾燥膜厚になるように塗料を塗布するには、あらかじめ塗布時の塗膜の膜厚(塗膜厚)と乾燥後の膜厚との関係を求めておき、その関係に基づいて塗布時の塗膜厚を定めればよい。
【0032】
このようにして得られる本発明の表面処理鋼板は、厳しい大気腐食環境下においても赤錆や黄錆等の浮き錆や流れ錆を生じることなく、鋼材表面に耐候性安定錆を早期に形成させ、鋼材の耐候性を確保することができる。さらに、この表面処理鋼板は、大気腐食環境としてはそれほど厳しくない田園地帯等のマイルドな環境下においても早期に安定錆を形成させ得る。また、橋梁桁内部等の結露の激しい場所において生じやすい硫酸鉄の析出もみられない。
【0033】
また、上記の耐候性安定錆に何らかの外力が作用して亀裂や剥離が生じても、健全部の塗膜中に硫酸クロムが残存していれば、その硫酸クロムが損傷部に供給され、再度耐候性安定錆が生成する自己補修性能が期待できる。
【0034】
【実施例】
本発明の表面処理方法により作製したサンプルについて、暴露試験を行った後、腐食減量、クロムゲーサイトの生成状態および外観を調査した。また、箱形試験材を用いて結露環境における副生成物(硫酸鉄)発生状況を調査した。
用いた試験鋼 (1)および (2)の化学組成を表1に示す。また、塗料に用いた基材樹脂A、BおよびCの組成を表2に示す。表2において、硬化剤を使用する基材樹脂BとCは2液タイプで、樹脂(基材樹脂+添加剤)と硬化剤を塗装直前に混合して使用した。
【0035】
【表1】

Figure 0003607188
【0036】
【表2】
Figure 0003607188
【0037】
表面処理前の母材試験片の寸法は150mm×70mm×3.2mm(厚さ)とし、ブラスト処理により除錆度がSa(SISスウェーデン規格)で2.5になるまで除錆した。
表3および表4(表3の続き)に暴露試験に用いたサンプルの作製条件を示す。
【0038】
【表3】
Figure 0003607188
【0039】
【表4】
Figure 0003607188
【0040】
表3および表4に示した配合の樹脂に適当量の溶剤を加えて粘度を0.2〜1N・s/m (200〜1000センチポアズ、B型粘度計を用いて測定)にした塗料を作製し、エアスプレーにより母材試験片の両面に塗装してサンプルとした。このサンプルを水平に設置した状態で、兵庫県の田園地帯に1年間または2年間曝露した。
【0041】
曝露試験後、表面に残存する塗膜および錆を除去して母材試験片の質量を測定し、あらかじめ測定しておいた塗装前の質量との差から腐食減量を求めた。なお、表3および表4には、腐食減量の半分である片面の平均腐食減量を腐食深さに換算して示した。
【0042】
クロムゲーサイトの生成状態については、錆の断面を偏向顕微鏡およびラマン分光法で構造解析し、塗膜と母材鋼の界面に連続した、ゲーサイトからなる耐候性安定錆が形成されていれば良好(○印で表示)、形成されていなければ不良(×印で表示)と評価した。
【0043】
塗膜表面の外観については、硫酸鉄の析出、上層塗膜の浮きやはがれ等の有無を調査し、それらがほとんど認められない場合は良好(○印で表示)、それらのいずれかが発生していた場合は不良(×印で表示)と評価した。
【0044】
また、箱形試験材による副生成物(硫酸鉄)発生状況の調査では、橋梁桁内部等の結露の激しい環境を模擬するために、縦300mm×横300mm×高さ50mmの箱形の容器を試験材とし、この箱の底部に膜厚が1mmになるようにイオン交換水を容れ、温度25℃、相対湿度60%の恒温恒湿槽で1日放置する(その間に、箱内の水は蒸発する)工程を1サイクルとして、これを50サイクル繰り返す試験を行った。箱形試験材に硫酸鉄の生成が認められない場合は良好(○印で表示)、硫酸鉄が生成した場合(×印で表示)、および、硫酸鉄は生成しないが、添加した塩基性物質の析出により外観が白く変色した場合(△印で表示)は不良と評価した。
【0045】
調査結果を表3および表4に併せて示す。この結果から、本発明例1〜9(表3参照)では、曝露試験後のサンプルに流れ錆や硫酸鉄による汚損は認められず、曝露試験条件がマイルドであったにもかかわらず、早期(曝露期間1年以内)に耐候性安定錆の生成が認められた。また、箱形試験材による調査でも、硫酸鉄の生成は認められなかった。
【0046】
一方、比較例11〜17(表4参照)では、塩基性物質の含有量が規定範囲外の場合(比較例17)膜厚が規定範囲外の場合(比較例12〜14)および硫酸クロムの含有量が規定範囲外の場合(比較例15,16)、上層塗膜の剥離や硫酸鉄の析出が認められ、あるいは耐候性安定錆の生成が不十分であった。また、箱形試験材による調査で硫酸鉄または塩基性物質の生成が認められた(比較例12、15、17)。比較例11では、暴露試験では良好な結果が得られたが、箱形試験材による調査で硫酸鉄の析出が認められた。
【0047】
【発明の効果】
本発明の耐候性表面処理鋼板は、厳しい大気腐食環境下においても赤錆や黄錆等の浮き錆や流れ錆を生じることなく、鋼材表面に耐候性安定錆を早期に形成させ、鋼材の耐候性を確保することができる。さらに、この表面処理鋼板は、大気腐食環境としてはそれほど厳しくないマイルドな環境においても早期に安定錆を形成させ得る。また、橋梁桁内部等の結露の激しい場所において生じやすい硫酸鉄の析出もみられない。この表面処理鋼板は鋼材の防食に関するメンテナンスを必要とせず、かつ景観性を損なうことがないので、土木・建築構造物用の鋼材として好適である。
【0048】
この表面処理鋼板は、本発明の処理方法によって容易に、かつ経済的に得ることができる。[0001]
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
The present invention provides a rust layer (hereinafter referred to as “weather-resistant stable rust” or simply “stable rust”) that protects steel from corrosion even in severe environments where atmospheric corrosion proceeds due to the influence of salt in coastal areas. The present invention relates to a weather-resistant surface-treated steel material that is formed early, reliably, and without impairing the appearance, and a treatment method thereof.
[0002]
[Prior art]
Generally, the corrosion resistance of steel in the atmosphere can be improved by adding elements such as P, Cu, Cr, and Ni to the steel. These low-alloy steels are called weathering steels, and rust that protects against corrosion in a few years outdoors, that is, `` weathering rust '' is formed on the steel surface and does not require anticorrosion treatment such as painting afterwards. This is so-called maintenance-free steel.
[0003]
However, since it takes several years for the weather-resistant rust to form, floating rust and flow rust such as red rust and yellow rust are generated during the period up to that time, and an unfavorable appearance is exhibited. The problem remains. In particular, in the environment where sea salt particles fly, such as in coastal areas, there is a problem that not only this tendency is remarkable, but also weathering rust which is a characteristic of weathering steel is not formed.
[0004]
With respect to this problem, as described in, for example, Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 1-142008, a method for forming a phosphate film on the surface of a steel material has been proposed. However, it is not easy to apply treatment to the welded part when the contents of the treatment are complicated, such as the necessity to perform an appropriate pretreatment before forming the phosphate film, and when welding of the steel material is necessary. There are also problems in application to building structures. In this method, it is considered that weather-resistant rust is hardly formed in a severe atmospheric corrosion environment in which salt such as sea salt particles comes in.
[0005]
Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 6-226198 discloses a method for generating stable rust at an early stage by coating an organic resin paint containing 1 to 65% by mass of chromium sulfate or copper sulfate on the surface of a steel material. However, this method has a great effect of preventing flow rust, but depending on the usage environment and application, there is a problem that green or white reaction by-product (iron sulfate) is deposited on the surface of the coating material and the appearance is impaired. This is particularly noticeable in environments with high condensation such as inside bridge girders. In addition, the generation of stable rust may be delayed in a relatively mild atmospheric corrosive environment such as in rural areas.
[0006]
[Problems to be solved by the invention]
The object of the present invention is to form weatherable stable rust early and reliably on the surface of a steel material that generates so-called rust such as low-alloy steel such as weathering steel and ordinary steel, and without damaging the appearance. The object is to provide a weather-resistant surface-treated steel material and a surface treatment method for obtaining the surface-treated steel material.
[0007]
[Means for Solving the Problems]
As a result of analyzing the rust generated by the atmospheric exposure test for 20 years or more, the present inventors have found that the weather-resistant stable rust is a fine crystal composed of α- (Fe, Cr) OOH (hereinafter referred to as “chromium goethite”). It was clarified that it is composed of dense aggregates. Therefore, in order to generate weatherable stable rust early and suppress the generation of floating rust and flow rust, how to promote the formation of dense chromium goethite is a point. Note that refined α- (Fe, Cr) OOH is a so-called X-ray amorphous material that does not give a diffraction peak in X-ray diffraction, but it is clearly weather-resistant stable rust (in Mossbauer spectroscopy). It can be confirmed that (chromiumsite) is formed.
[0008]
Therefore, as a result of repeated studies to promote the generation of chromium goethite, an organic resin paint containing an appropriate amount of chromium sulfate was applied to the steel surface or a rust layer formed on the steel material surface, and carbonate was further formed thereon. (e.g., NaHCO 3, Na 2 CO 3 ), phosphates (e.g., Na 2 HPO 4, NaH 2 PO 4) by carrying out a surface treatment of applying the organic resin paint containing a proper amount of a basic substance such as It has been found that weatherable stable rust can be formed quickly and reliably on the surface of a steel material without generation of flow rust and without surface contamination by reaction by-products such as iron sulfate.
[0009]
This invention is made | formed based on said knowledge, The summary exists in the weather-resistant surface treatment steel materials of the following (1), and the surface treatment method of (2).
(1) The lower layer has an organic resin coating film having a dry film thickness of 5 to 50 μm and 0.1 to 15 mass% of chromium sulfate, and the upper layer has a dry film thickness of 5 to 30 μm and does not contain chromium sulfate. A weather-resistant surface-treated steel material having an organic resin coating film containing 0.1 to 12 mass% of a basic substance.
(2) An organic resin paint containing 0.1 to 15 mass% of chromium sulfate with respect to the solid content of the paint is applied to the surface of the steel material so that the dry film thickness is 5 to 50 μm, and then chromium sulfate is further applied thereon. A surface treatment method in which an organic resin paint containing 0.1 to 12 mass% of a basic substance is applied to the solid content of the paint so that the dry film thickness is 5 to 30 μm.
[0010]
The “steel material” is not particularly limited in steel type, and may be plain steel or low alloy steel such as weather resistant steel. Any steel material that generates so-called rust may be used.
[0011]
“Dry film thickness” refers to the film thickness after drying, in which an organic solvent added during the preparation of the paint is volatilized after the organic resin paint is applied. “Paint solids” refers to a resin additive as a binder, a chromium sulfate or basic substance added to the resin, and a paint additive such as a pigment added to the resin. It does not include those that are volatilized by drying and do not remain in the organic resin coating film formed on the steel material surface.
[0012]
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
Hereinafter, the weather-resistant surface-treated steel material and the surface treatment method of the present invention will be described in detail.
[0013]
If the rust structure is dense, the steel surface is easily physically shielded from the atmospheric corrosive environment, and the elution of iron ions, which is the root cause of floating rust and flow rust, is reduced. However, if there are defects such as cracks or pores in the rust, it becomes a supply path for water and oxygen, and the anticorrosion performance of rust is lowered. Therefore, it is necessary to form a continuous rust layer that is dense and has no defects on the surface of the steel material.
[0014]
The weather-resistant surface-treated steel material of the present invention is a steel material having a two-layer organic resin coating film on the surface of the base steel as described above.
[0015]
The lower organic resin coating film (hereinafter, the organic resin coating film is also simply referred to as “coating film”) contains 0.1 to 15 mass% of chromium sulfate. Chromium sulfate dissociates into chromium ions and sulfate ions when moisture penetrates into the coating film, and reaches the interface between the coating film and the base steel. Sulfate ions and moisture corrode steel and produce iron ions. On the other hand, the chromium ions change the iron ions into chromium goethite, which is the main component of the weather-resistant stable rust. In addition, sulfate ions not only accelerate the generation of iron ions in the initial stage, but are also thought to be involved in the refinement and densification of stable rust.
[0016]
In order to obtain this effect even in a severe atmospheric corrosive environment in which salt comes in, it is necessary that the lower layer coating film contains 0.1 mass% or more of chromium sulfate. As a result, when the weather-resistant surface-treated steel material of the present invention is placed in an atmospheric corrosive environment, weather-resistant stable rust is generated early, and this rust is extremely dense and chloride ions ( It has an excellent effect of suppressing permeation of corrosive anions such as Cl −1 ). In addition, the content of chromium sulfate in the lower layer coating is limited to 15 mass% or less. If the content exceeds this, the corrosion of the initial base steel is too large, resulting in weatherable stable rust. The protection of the steel is reduced, and the anti-corrosion effect in the severe atmospheric corrosion environment cannot be guaranteed, and the iron sulfate produced by the reaction between sulfate ions and the base steel precipitates on the surface of the steel, and the appearance is significantly impaired. is there.
[0017]
There are no particular restrictions on the type of organic resin (referred to as base resin) contained in the lower layer coating, and epoxy resin, urethane resin, vinyl resin, polyester resin, acrylic resin, alkyd resin, phthalic acid resin, etc. are used. can do.
[0018]
In addition to chromium sulfate, the lower layer coating includes colored pigments such as Bengala, titanium dioxide, carbon black, phthalocyanine blue, extender pigments such as talc, silica, mica, barium sulfate, calcium carbonate, chromium oxide, zinc chromate, Conventional additives such as rust preventive pigments such as lead chromate and basic lead sulfate, thixotropic agents, dispersants and antioxidants may be contained.
[0019]
The film thickness (dry film thickness) of the lower layer coating is 5 to 50 μm. If it is less than 5 μm, the ability to generate stable rust is inferior. If it exceeds 50 μm, the effect is saturated, which is economically disadvantageous, and is an atmospheric corrosion environment. This is because the generation of stable rust may be delayed in a less severe countryside.
[0020]
As the resin in the upper layer coating film, it is preferable to use a resin whose main component is the same type of resin as the resin in the lower layer coating film. If different types of resins are used, the adhesion between the lower layer coating film and the upper layer coating film is lowered, and the upper layer coating film is peeled off, which is not suitable.
[0021]
As in the case of the above lower layer coating, the upper layer coating is colored pigments such as bengara, titanium dioxide, carbon black, phthalocyanine blue, extender pigments such as talc, silica, mica, barium sulfate, calcium carbonate, chromium oxide, Additives such as anticorrosive pigments such as zinc chromate, lead chromate and basic lead sulfate, and other thixotropic agents, dispersants and antioxidants may be included. However, chromium sulfate is not included. When chromium sulfate is contained in the upper coating film, iron dissolved from the base steel precipitates as iron sulfate on the outer surface of the coating film, and the appearance is likely to be impaired, and generation of stable rust may be suppressed.
[0022]
The purpose of providing the upper coating film includes prevention of escape of chromium sulfate in the lower coating film as well as suppression of the above-described generation and precipitation of iron sulfate caused by chromium sulfate contained in the lower coating film. When there is no upper layer coating, chromium sulfate will elute, so it is necessary to contain excess chromium sulfate in the lower layer coating to generate stable rust, but if there is an upper layer coating, Since elution of chromium sulfate is suppressed, stable rust can be generated with a small amount of chromium sulfate. Furthermore, the presence of the upper layer coating does not precipitate the generated iron sulfate on the surface, it can be taken in the interface between the base steel and the coating or inside the coating, and the generation of rust is promoted, Combined with chromium sulfate in the coating film, it becomes stable rust.
[0023]
Thus, in the surface-treated steel material of the present invention, the upper layer coating film and the lower layer coating film complement each other's roles and act synergistically to form weathering stable rust at an early stage on the base material steel surface. Is possible.
[0024]
The upper coating film contains 0.1 to 12 mass% of a basic substance. The basic substance here is a substance having a pH of 7 or more when it is made into an aqueous solution. For example, sodium hydroxide (NaOH), potassium hydroxide (KOH), the above-mentioned carbonate (for example, NaHCO 3 , Na 2 CO 3 ), phosphate (eg, Na 2 HPO 4
, NaH 2 PO 4 ) and the like.
[0025]
For example, iron sulfate produced as a by-product in a highly condensing environment is not easily exposed to rain directly inside the bridge girder or the like as a green or white product on the surface of the coating film. This is because it reacts with this in the coating film before it is deposited, and effectively prevents the appearance from being stained due to the deposition outside the coating film.
[0026]
The reason why the basic substance content is defined as 0.1 to 12 mass% is that when the content is less than 0.1 mass%, the iron sulfate precipitation inhibitory effect is not significantly recognized, and 12 mass%. If the content exceeds V, the effect is not only saturated, but the added basic substance may be deposited on the surface of the coating film to impair the appearance. The basic substance may be contained in the lower layer coating film, but the content in that case is preferably 12 mass%.
[0027]
The film thickness (dry film thickness) of the upper coating film is 5 to 30 μm. If the film thickness is less than 5 μm, the iron sulfate precipitation suppressing effect is small and the appearance may be impaired. On the other hand, if the film thickness exceeds 30 μm, moisture permeation from the surface of the coating film to the base steel is excessively suppressed, and stable rust is produced. Generation may be significantly delayed.
[0028]
The surface treatment method of the present invention is a surface treatment method for obtaining the weather-resistant surface-treated steel material of the present invention. As described above, the surface of the steel material has 0.1 to 15 mass% sulfuric acid based on the solid content of the paint. An organic resin paint containing chromium (hereinafter also simply referred to as “paint”) is applied to form a lower layer coating, and a coating containing 0.1 to 12 mass% of a basic substance is further applied thereon to form an upper layer coating. This is a method of forming a film.
[0029]
The paint used for the formation of the lower coating film (undercoat paint) and the paint used for the formation of the upper coating film (top coat paint) are both used in an appropriate amount of organic solvent (hereinafter simply referred to as “solvent”) or The viscosity is adjusted to suit the painting operation with water. The solvent or moisture evaporates by natural drying after coating, but part of the moisture contained in the undercoat is considered to contribute to the formation reaction of weatherable stable rust.
In any of the undercoat paint and the overcoat paint, the aforementioned color pigment, extender pigment, rust preventive pigment, and other conventional additives may be contained.
[0030]
Further, the undercoating paint may contain a compound of iron, copper, nickel, phosphoric acid or an aqueous solution thereof, which is more preferable. Iron ions, copper ions, nickel ions, or phosphoric acid coexist with chromium ions and thereby have an effect of promoting the production of chromium goethite. However, when adding a compound of iron, copper, and nickel as a sulfuric acid compound, it is preferable to make it 15 mass% or less with the total amount with chromium sulfate. If the total amount exceeds 15%, the initial corrosion due to sulfate ions is accelerated too much, so that the generation of stable rust may be hindered, or iron sulfate may be deposited on the surface of the coating film to deteriorate the appearance. Because.
[0031]
For the application of these undercoats and topcoats, conventional methods such as air spray, airless spray or brush coating can be used in the same way as normal coating. Since thin film coating is sufficient, it is also economical. Furthermore, because it can be painted locally, it can also be used for painting after steel materials are cut and welded locally, and for steel materials with rust on the surface. In addition, in order to apply a paint so as to have a predetermined dry film thickness, a relationship between the film thickness of the coating film (coating film thickness) at the time of application and the film thickness after drying is obtained in advance, and based on the relationship The coating thickness at the time of application may be determined.
[0032]
The surface-treated steel sheet of the present invention obtained in this way, without causing floating rust and flow rust such as red rust and yellow rust even under severe atmospheric corrosive environment, allows early formation of weatherable stable rust on the steel surface, The weather resistance of the steel material can be ensured. Furthermore, the surface-treated steel sheet can form stable rust at an early stage even in a mild environment such as a countryside which is not so severe as an atmospheric corrosion environment. Moreover, there is no iron sulfate precipitation that is likely to occur in places with high condensation such as inside bridge girders.
[0033]
Also, even if some external force acts on the above weather-resistant stable rust and cracks and peeling occur, if chromium sulfate remains in the coating film of the healthy part, the chromium sulfate is supplied to the damaged part, and again Self-repairing performance that produces weatherable stable rust can be expected.
[0034]
【Example】
About the sample produced by the surface treatment method of this invention, after performing the exposure test, corrosion weight loss, the production | generation state and external appearance of chromium goethite were investigated. Moreover, the by-product (iron sulfate) generation | occurrence | production situation in the condensation environment was investigated using the box-shaped test material.
Table 1 shows the chemical compositions of the test steels (1) and (2) used. Table 2 shows the compositions of the base resins A, B and C used in the paint. In Table 2, the base resins B and C using a curing agent are two-component types, and the resin (base resin + additive) and the curing agent are mixed and used immediately before coating.
[0035]
[Table 1]
Figure 0003607188
[0036]
[Table 2]
Figure 0003607188
[0037]
The size of the base material specimen before the surface treatment was 150 mm × 70 mm × 3.2 mm (thickness), and rust removal was performed until the degree of rust removal was 2.5 (Sa (SIS Swedish standard)) by blasting.
Tables 3 and 4 (continuation of Table 3) show the sample preparation conditions used in the exposure test.
[0038]
[Table 3]
Figure 0003607188
[0039]
[Table 4]
Figure 0003607188
[0040]
A paint having a viscosity of 0.2 to 1 N · s / m 2 (200 to 1000 centipoise, measured using a B-type viscometer) by adding an appropriate amount of solvent to the resins shown in Table 3 and Table 4. The sample was prepared and painted on both sides of the base material test piece by air spray. With this sample installed horizontally, it was exposed to the countryside of Hyogo Prefecture for one or two years.
[0041]
After the exposure test, the coating film and rust remaining on the surface were removed, the mass of the base material test piece was measured, and the corrosion weight loss was determined from the difference from the pre-coating mass measured in advance. Tables 3 and 4 show the average corrosion weight loss on one side, which is half of the weight loss, converted into the corrosion depth.
[0042]
As for the formation state of chromium goethite, if the cross section of rust is structurally analyzed with a deflection microscope and Raman spectroscopy, a weather-resistant stable rust consisting of goethite is formed continuously at the interface between the coating film and the base steel. If it was not formed, it was evaluated as good (indicated by a circle) and defective (indicated by a cross).
[0043]
As for the appearance of the coating film surface, the presence or absence of iron sulfate precipitation, floating or peeling of the upper coating film was investigated, and if they were hardly observed, they were good (indicated by a circle), and either of them occurred. If it was, it was evaluated as defective (indicated by a cross).
[0044]
In addition, in the investigation of the by-product (iron sulfate) generation status using box-shaped test materials, a box-shaped container 300 mm long x 300 mm wide x 50 mm high was used to simulate an environment with high condensation such as inside a bridge girder. As a test material, ion-exchanged water is placed at the bottom of the box so that the film thickness is 1 mm and left in a constant temperature and humidity chamber at a temperature of 25 ° C. and a relative humidity of 60% for one day (while the water in the box is The process of evaporating) was taken as one cycle, and a test was repeated for 50 cycles. Good when no iron sulfate is observed in the box-shaped test material (indicated by a circle), when iron sulfate is generated (indicated by an x), and iron sulfate is not generated, but added basic substance When the appearance turned white due to the precipitation of (denoted by Δ), it was evaluated as defective.
[0045]
The survey results are also shown in Tables 3 and 4. From these results, in Examples 1 to 9 of the present invention (see Table 3), the samples after the exposure test did not show fouling due to flow rust or iron sulfate, and although the exposure test conditions were mild, early ( Formation of weatherable stable rust was observed within an exposure period of 1 year or less. In addition, the production of iron sulfate was not observed in the survey using the box test material.
[0046]
On the other hand, in Comparative Examples 11 to 17 (see Table 4), when the basic substance content is outside the specified range (Comparative Example 17) , the film thickness is outside the specified range (Comparative Examples 12 to 14), and chromium sulfate. when the content is outside the specified range (Comparative examples 15 and 16), the deposition of peeling or iron sulfate upper layer coating was observed, or the generation of weathering stable rust was insufficient. Moreover, the production | generation of iron sulfate or a basic substance was recognized by the investigation by a box-shaped test material (Comparative Example 12, 15, 17). In Comparative Example 11 , good results were obtained in the exposure test, but precipitation of iron sulfate was observed in an investigation using a box-shaped test material.
[0047]
【The invention's effect】
The weather-resistant surface-treated steel sheet according to the present invention can form stable weather-resistant rust on the steel surface at an early stage without causing floating rust and flow rust such as red rust and yellow rust even in severe atmospheric corrosive environments. Can be secured. Furthermore, this surface-treated steel sheet can form stable rust at an early stage even in a mild environment that is not so severe as an atmospheric corrosion environment. Moreover, there is no iron sulfate precipitation that tends to occur in places with high condensation such as inside bridge girders. This surface-treated steel sheet is suitable as a steel material for civil engineering and building structures because it does not require maintenance related to corrosion prevention of the steel material and does not impair the scenery.
[0048]
This surface-treated steel sheet can be obtained easily and economically by the treatment method of the present invention.

Claims (2)

下層に、乾燥膜厚が5〜50μmで、かつ硫酸クロムを0.1〜15mass%含む有機樹脂塗膜を有し、上層に、乾燥膜厚が5〜30μmで、かつ硫酸クロムを含まず、塩基性物質を0.1〜12mass%含む有機樹脂塗膜を有することを特徴とする耐候性表面処理鋼材。The lower layer has an organic resin coating film having a dry film thickness of 5 to 50 μm and 0.1 to 15% by mass of chromium sulfate, and the upper layer has a dry film thickness of 5 to 30 μm and does not contain chromium sulfate. A weather-resistant surface-treated steel material having an organic resin coating film containing 0.1 to 12 mass% of a basic substance. 鋼材の表面に、塗料固形分に対して硫酸クロムを0.1〜15mass%含む有機樹脂塗料を乾燥膜厚が5〜50μmになるように塗布した後、さらにその上に硫酸クロムを含まず、塗料固形分に対して塩基性物質を0.1〜12mass%含む有機樹脂塗料を乾燥膜厚が5〜30μmになるように塗布することを特徴とする表面処理方法。After applying an organic resin paint containing 0.1 to 15 mass% of chromium sulfate to the surface of the steel material so that the dry film thickness is 5 to 50 μm, it does not contain chromium sulfate. A surface treatment method comprising applying an organic resin paint containing 0.1 to 12 mass% of a basic substance to a solid content of a paint so that a dry film thickness is 5 to 30 μm.
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