JP3606120B2 - Garbage disposal equipment - Google Patents

Description

[0001]
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
The present invention relates to a garbage disposal apparatus that microbiologically decomposes garbage discharged from a general household or a restaurant.
[0002]
[Prior art]
In conventional garbage processing equipment, disposers that pulverize garbage and flow it into the sewage together with water, those that reduce the weight by incineration or drying of garbage, and mix with large saw dust to reduce the weight by microbial decomposition There are things.
[0003]
[Problems to be solved by the invention]
Of these, the disposer is the most convenient. The disposer is located at the drain of the kitchen sink, and the place where the garbage is generated is very close to the place where it is treated, so there is no need to transport the garbage. Furthermore, since the treated product flows into the sewage, there is no need to pay attention to subsequent maintenance. Most of the other devices are installed outdoors, sometimes producing a foul odor and having to transport moist garbage to the device. In addition, those that are incinerated or dried are given a characteristic odor during the treatment and are very uncomfortable. Furthermore, processing residue, that is, ash and residue remains, and must be cleaned up.
[0004]
In addition, the one that mixes with large sawdust and decomposes microorganisms emits a unique odor, and when you put raw garbage consisting of liquid components and solids into the device as it is, there is a group of microorganisms that ingest only liquid components without producing enzymes. Since it tries to maintain its superiority by releasing a substance that inhibits other microorganisms, such as by releasing it out of the cell body, it is difficult for the microorganisms that are good to dissolve and ingest solid matter to appear. . And when new garbage is supplied and liquid components are added, the advantage of the microorganism group that takes in only liquid components without producing enzymes becomes stronger, and the solid content remains undegraded by microorganisms. There is. Furthermore, the equipment is large and requires maintenance such as exchanging large sawdust every several months.
[0005]
In this way, devices other than the disposer are very inconvenient.
[0006]
Nevertheless, disposers are rarely used in Japan. This is because when the disposer is used, the quality of the wastewater is significantly deteriorated due to the crushed garbage, and it imposes a burden on the sewage treatment plant or destroys the river environment when the sewage is not fully equipped. . At present, the use and sale of disposers are prohibited in many municipalities, especially in large cities.
[0007]
Therefore, there is no problem if the waste water from the disposer is treated, but there are many technical difficulties in this treatment. In the case of drying or incineration, in addition to the above-mentioned problems, it is necessary to dry the water added at the time of disposer grinding. In the case of microbial treatment, in order to reduce the treated water to a level with less environmental problems, it is necessary to make the treatment tank large because the treatment takes time.
[0008]
An object of the present invention is to realize a compact garbage disposal apparatus that can perform this microorganism treatment efficiently in a short time, is easy to use, and is compact.
[0009]
[Means for Solving the Problems]
In order to achieve the above object, the present invention includes a pulverizing unit for pulverizing raw garbage, a solid-liquid separation unit for separating the raw garbage pulverized in the pulverizing unit into a liquid component and a solid content, and the solid-liquid separation unit A first decomposition tank for supplying the liquid component separated in step 1 and microbially decomposing it; supplying a solid content separated in the solid-liquid separation part and a treatment liquid after being decomposed in the first decomposition tank; A second decomposition tank that decomposes microorganisms, and a third decomposition tank that supplies microorganisms with a solid content and a processing liquid decomposed in the second decomposition tank and decomposes the microorganisms are separated into solid and liquid. solid and liquid components are reliably separated in parts, liquid ingredients of garbage in the first decomposition vessel, i.e. microorganisms only ingest organic matter dissolved in water becomes superior, in the second decomposition vessel garbage solid content, i.e. the insoluble organic matter microorganisms ingested and dissolved in an enzyme In the third decomposition tank, a group of microorganisms that can further decompose the biodegradable organic substances that have already been decomposed by microorganisms will be dominant, and various microorganisms will be decomposed without interfering with each other. The garbage is often decomposed, and the wastewater is highly purified, and a compact biological treatment apparatus can be realized.
[0010]
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
The invention according to claim 1 of the present invention includes a pulverizing unit that pulverizes garbage, a solid-liquid separation unit that separates the garbage crushed by the pulverizing unit into a liquid component and a solid content, and the solid-liquid separation unit. A first decomposition tank for supplying the liquid component separated in step 1 and microbially decomposing it; supplying a solid content separated in the solid-liquid separation part and a treatment liquid after being decomposed in the first decomposition tank; A second decomposing tank for decomposing microorganisms and a third decomposing tank for decomposing microorganisms by supplying a solid content and a processing solution which are decomposed in the second decomposing tank are provided . Only this way, garbage milled solids and liquid components in the solid-liquid separating section is reliably separated, in the first decomposition vessel liquid Ingredient grinding liquid garbage, ingest That organic matter dissolved in water microorganisms become dominant, solid content of the grinding liquid food waste in the second decomposition vessel, i.e. the insoluble organic matter microorganisms ingest becomes superior and dissolved in an enzyme, flame production in the third decomposition vessel which is already microbial degradation process Since a group of microorganisms capable of further decomposing degradable organic matter becomes dominant, garbage is effectively decomposed by microorganisms, and the environmental load of the processing liquid to be discarded becomes small.
[0011]
According to a second aspect of the present invention, in addition to the configuration of the first aspect, the temperature in the second decomposition tank is controlled at a temperature different from the temperatures in the first decomposition tank and the third decomposition tank. If the temperature of the second decomposition tank is different, the upstream decomposition tank and the downstream decomposition tank will always have different temperatures, and different types of microorganisms are likely to appear in each tank. A variety of microbial treatments are realized by microorganisms, and garbage is effectively decomposed, and the environmental impact of the discarded treatment liquid is reduced.
[0012]
The invention according to claim 3 of the present invention is such that the temperature in the second decomposition tank is set to 45 ° C. or more, and microorganisms that dissolve insoluble organic substances more effectively appear in the second decomposition tank, so that the solid waste is solidified. The form and surplus microbial components are dissolved, the treatment liquid is effectively decomposed, and the environmental burden of the discarded treatment liquid becomes small.
[0013]
The invention of claim 4 wherein the present invention, solid and liquid Ingredients of liquid Ingredients decomposed in the third decomposition vessel only discarded, solids obtained by a configuration in which dwell in the third decomposition tank, The solid matter that has been microbially decomposed in the second decomposition tank and the third decomposition tank and still remains therein remains in the third decomposition tank and is gradually decomposed to further decompose the garbage.
[0014]
[Example 1]
A first embodiment of the present invention will be described with reference to FIG. FIG. 1 is a flowchart showing the flow of processing of this embodiment.
[0015]
The garbage 1 is finely pulverized together with water in the pulverizing unit 2. The pulverizing unit 2 is a so-called generally known disposer, which is composed of a motor (not shown) and a hammer cutter (not shown) and is directly connected to the drain of the kitchen sink. The pulverized pulverized liquid is transferred to the solid-liquid separator 3.
[0016]
The pulverized liquid is separated into a liquid component and a solid content in the solid-liquid separation unit 3. For example, the solid-liquid separation unit 3 may be filtered by a sieve or separated by gravity sedimentation. The separated liquid component and solid content are transferred to the first decomposition tank 4 and the second decomposition tank 5, respectively, and undergo microbial decomposition.
[0017]
The first decomposition tank 4 is a tank for decomposing microorganisms of liquid organic components of the garbage 1. In the present invention, although the specific method of microbial decomposition is not limited, for example, an activated sludge tank used for sewage treatment or the like, a microbial membrane oxidation tank such as a rotating filter bed or a trickling filter bed, etc. are effective. .
[0018]
When microorganisms take in organic matter as nutrients, they can only be taken up in a form dissolved in water. Insoluble organic matter such as starch and protein is dissolved outside the cell by enzymes and then ingested as soluble organic matter such as glucose and amino acids. To do. In the first decomposition tank 4, a liquid component in which most of the organic substances contained therein are soluble organic substances is mainly supplied, so that a group of microorganisms suitable for quickly ingesting soluble organic substances appears. Will dominate.
[0019]
Although the microorganisms have a low ability to dissolve insoluble organic substances with enzymes, microbial species having a high rate of ingesting soluble organic substances dominate. In other words, as long as the energy of enzyme production is kept low, as long as there is soluble organic matter, soluble organic matter can be ingested quickly and proliferated. In this way, the liquid component of the garbage pulverized liquid is decomposed in the first decomposition tank 4 over about half a day to one day, and the treatment liquid is transferred to the second decomposition tank 5.
[0020]
Being decomposed in second decomposition vessel 5 is a is a processing liquid decomposition in solid content in the first decomposition vessel 4 of the grinding liquid garbage, they are not from the same garbage, the latter half a day It comes from the garbage thrown in one day ago. The second decomposition tank 5 is degrading microorganisms tank solid content of organic garbage 1. In the present invention, although the specific method of microbial decomposition is not limited, for example, an activated sludge tank used for sewage treatment or the like, a microbial membrane oxidation tank such as a rotating filter bed or a trickling filter bed, etc. are effective. . The solid component of the garbage 1 is mineralized by microorganisms and oxidized to carbon dioxide or water. In the second decomposition vessel 5, since most of the organic substances contained therein are solid content is an organic substance insoluble is mainly supplied, wherein the dominate, unlike the first decomposition vessel 4, It becomes a microorganism with high ability to dissolve insoluble organic substances with enzymes. This is because the microorganisms in the first decomposition tank 4 have a low ability to produce an insoluble organic substance-dissolving enzyme, and thus lose the microorganisms having a high ability.
[0021]
Thus, those who garbage 1 was supplied respectively separated into a liquid component and a solid content in a separate decomposition vessel, microorganisms become dominant suitable for each degradation tank to decompose the respective components Because there is no interference and no competition than in the case of coexistence, decomposition of organic matter proceeds efficiently.
[0022]
Moreover, the process liquid decomposed | disassembled in the 1st decomposition tank 4 can suppress that pH falls remarkably in the 2nd decomposition tank 5, and can promote favorable microbial decomposition | disassembly. Factors that affect the pH when organic matter such as garbage is microbially decomposed together with water include ammonia and amino acids that are generated during the decomposition of sugar and organic acids and proteins that are decomposed during sugar decomposition. The latter raises the pH. In addition, the decomposition of the organic acid takes less time than the decomposition of ammonia and amino acids. Therefore, the treatment liquid decomposed in the first decomposition tank 4 has a small amount of organic acid, and a large amount of ammonia and amino acids, so that the pH is around 8.
[0023]
The second decomposition vessel number 5 in solid content, so easy correspondingly intercepting thick solids between the microorganisms and the oxygen, the microorganisms tends to be less state oxygen. Therefore, when microbial decomposition of organic substances begins, only organic acids are easily generated from sugars that react even without oxygen. If the organic acid accumulates in this way and the pH is lowered to around 4, the activity of the microorganism itself is lost. This is so-called corruption. Here, when the treatment liquid decomposed in the first decomposition tank 4 having a high pH is mixed, the pressure for lowering the pH can be suppressed, and a good decomposition reaction can be maintained without accumulating organic acids. It is.
[0024]
Further, the temperatures of the first decomposition tank 4 and the second decomposition tank 5 are preferably adjusted at different temperatures. Microorganisms have their optimum temperature depending on the type. If different environmental temperatures are controlled by separate decomposition tanks, the variety of types of microorganisms increases and various organic substances such as garbage can be effectively decomposed. If possible, it is desirable that the temperature of the second decomposition tank 5 be 45 ° C. or higher and the first decomposition tank 4 be lower than that. The temperature below 45 ° C is the so-called normal temperature range, but if it exceeds 45 ° C, the microorganisms that appear there are quite special and become a kind that cannot be seen in the normal environment. This is because the microorganisms are generally excellent in the ability to dissolve insoluble organic substances, and are the functions of microorganisms necessary for the second decomposition tank 5.
[0025]
In this way, the solid content and the treatment liquid decomposed over about half a day to one day are transferred to the third decomposition tank 6.
[0026]
Decomposition in the third decomposition tank 6 is a component that has undergone considerable microbial decomposition and is difficult for microorganisms to ingest and decompose. Therefore, the microorganisms that appear there become a group of microorganisms that can ingest such hardly decomposable components. These microorganisms are not easily prevailing without competing with other microorganisms in the sources of nutrients that are usually considered to be easy to consume, but supply only persistent nutrients that are difficult to consume. When it is done, it becomes dominant and effectively decomposes those components. In the present invention, although the specific method of microbial decomposition is not limited, for example, an activated sludge tank, a microbial membrane oxidation tank such as a rotating filter bed or a sprinkling filter bed, and the like are effective. The temperature in the third decomposition tank 6 is preferably set to about 35 ° C. and lower than the temperature in the second decomposition tank 5. By doing so, the type of microorganism group growing in the second decomposition tank 5 and the type of microorganism group growing in the third decomposition tank 6 are considerably different. This is because a component that is hardly decomposable for the microorganism in the second decomposition tank 5 at 45 ° C. or higher may be a liquid decomposable component for the microorganism in the third decomposition tank 6.
[0027]
In this way, the solid content and the treatment liquid in the second decomposition tank 5 are transferred to the third decomposition tank 6 for further decomposition, and then only the liquid component is discarded in sewage or the like. Since the wastewater is very effectively decomposed with organic components, there is little problem even if the wastewater is disposed in an environment such as a sewer. The solid content remains in the third decomposition tank 6 and is retained without being discarded. This is because the solid content is the most difficult component to decompose, and it is necessary to make it stay and slowly decompose microorganisms over a long period of time. Although the present invention is not limited to a specific method for retaining the liquid component and retaining only the liquid component, the supernatant may be discarded by gravity sedimentation or filtered with a sieve or the like.
[0028]
【The invention's effect】
According to the first aspect of the present invention, a pulverizing unit for pulverizing raw garbage, a solid-liquid separation unit for separating the raw garbage pulverized in the pulverizing unit into a liquid component and a solid content, and the solid liquid A first decomposition tank for supplying a liquid component separated in the separation unit and microbially decomposing it, supplying a solid content separated in the solid-liquid separation unit and a treatment liquid after being decomposed in the first decomposition tank; By providing a second decomposition tank for microbial decomposition of this, and a third decomposition tank for supplying microorganisms with the solid content and treatment liquid microbially decomposed in the second decomposition tank , the liquid and solid components respectively. A group of microorganisms suitable for decomposing the soil has emerged, each of which can efficiently decompose garbage without interfering with each other, and further, the treatment liquid and solid content decomposed in the second decomposition tank can be further decomposed. 3 Since there is a decomposition tank, low molecular organic substances that are difficult to decompose Since the microorganisms collected becomes dominant in the third decomposition tank, it proceeds decomposition of further garbage.
[0029]
According to the invention described in claim 2, since the temperature of the second decomposition tank and the temperature of the first decomposition tank and the third decomposition tank are set differently, different types of microorganisms easily appear in each tank. Since various microbial decomposition can be realized, the decomposition of garbage is promoted.
[0030]
According to the invention described in claim 3, since the temperature in the second decomposition tank for microbial decomposition of the solid content is set to 45 ° C. or more, microorganisms that dissolve insoluble organic substances more effectively appear and garbage Decomposition further proceeds.
[0031]
According to the fourth aspect of the invention, since the allowed to stay the pile solids decomposed, it is possible to decompose the solids Placing a time, degradation of garbage is advanced further.
[Brief description of the drawings]
FIG. 1 is a flowchart showing the operation of a garbage disposal machine according to a first embodiment of the present invention.
DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1 Raw garbage 2 Crushing part 3 Solid-liquid separation part 4 1st decomposition tank 5 2nd decomposition tank 6 3rd decomposition tank

Claims (4)

A pulverization unit for pulverizing raw garbage, a solid-liquid separation unit for separating the raw garbage crushed by the pulverization unit into a liquid component and a solid content, and a liquid component separated by the solid-liquid separation unit A first decomposition tank for microbial decomposition, a solid content separated in the solid-liquid separation unit, a second decomposition tank for supplying a treatment liquid after decomposition treatment in the first decomposition tank and microbially decomposing it, A garbage processing apparatus comprising: a solid decomposition part decomposed by microorganisms in a two decomposition tank; and a third decomposition tank for supplying microorganisms to decompose the microorganisms . The garbage processing apparatus of Claim 1 which made the temperature in a 2nd decomposition tank the setting different from the temperature in a 1st decomposition tank and a 3rd decomposition tank. The garbage processing apparatus of Claim 1 or 2 which set the temperature in a 2nd decomposition tank to 45 degreeC or more. The garbage processing apparatus according to any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein the solid content and the liquid component decomposed in the third decomposition tank are configured to discard only the liquid component and to retain the solid content in the third decomposition tank.

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