JP3606113B2 - Garbage drying processing machine - Google Patents

Description

[0001]
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
The present invention relates to a garbage drying processing machine including a catalyst device that decomposes and deodorizes an odor component generated when drying garbage by means of heating or the like by a catalyst.
[0002]
[Prior art]
In the conventional garbage processing machine that drys garbage with heating and drying means, the gas generated from the garbage during processing becomes bad odor and unpleasant odor. The oxidization catalyst of the present invention was given catalytic activity by heating from the outside, and the odor was reduced by oxidizing and decomposing bad odors and unpleasant odors.
[0003]
Here, as the catalyst, a ceramic formed into a honeycomb shape and sintered as described above is used as a support, and a slurry in which inorganic fine particles such as activated alumina and noble metals are sintered and supported on the surface layer is generally used. Is. In addition to the above, there is a ceramic fiber-deposited paper honeycomb molded body in which a component mainly composed of manganese oxide is supported.
[0004]
[Problems to be solved by the invention]
However, since the conventional catalyst deodorizing apparatus uses ceramic as a carrier, the heat capacity is large and the thermal conductivity is small. Therefore, it takes time to bring the catalyst to the activation temperature, and it lacks speediness. Therefore, even if odor gas is generated by operating the main body, if the catalyst does not reach the activation temperature, undecomposed odor components and acetic acid that is an intermediate product during decomposition are discharged, reducing odor. It was not.
[0005]
In addition, since the catalyst is indirectly heated by a heating means composed of a separate member such as a heater, the temperature of the catalyst is non-uniform, and thermal energy loss is not small for obtaining the required performance. Was also not preferable.
[0006]
In view of this, the inventors have devised a catalyst device in which the catalyst substrate is made of a metal material and the catalyst layer is heated by energizing the substrate itself. As a result, good results were obtained in suppressing energy loss, saving energy, and improving the rapid temperature rise and oxidative decomposition performance.
[0007]
However, since the exhaust from the garbage processing machine has a high humidity that occupies 90% or more of moisture at the maximum, it is difficult to ensure electrical insulation in the catalyst device having the metal substrate that is directly energized. It was enough.
[0008]
Therefore, it is an object of the present invention to solve the conventional problems such as temperature rise and energy loss, and further to provide a garbage drying treatment machine having a safer catalyst device that ensures electrical insulation. Yes.
[0009]
[Means for Solving the Problems]
In order to solve the above problems, the present invention provides a catalyst device disposed in the middle of an exhaust path for exhausting exhaust generated from garbage at the time of drying treatment, and the catalyst device has a water repellent process by glass glaze treatment on the inner surface. is composed of an electrically insulating made of a material housing and the housing interior is held catalyzer that has been subjected, the catalyst base material is made of a metallic material, to form a catalyst layer on the surface thereof, further wherein the group The catalyst layer is heated by energizing the material to generate heat . First, when the catalyst device is in operation, there is no condensation of moisture because the inside is high temperature, and the housing is insulated because it is an electrically insulating material. Is secured. Also at the time of operation termination, but moisture condensation occurs within the enclosure in accordance with the internal temperature is lowered, since the housing wall is water-repellent by the glass glaze process, condensed water without lead independently separated respectively, Electrical insulation will be ensured.
[0010]
In addition, water repellent processing by glass glaze treatment is extremely small and superior in durability compared to water repellent processing by resin such as fluororesin. There is no risk of deterioration, and electrical insulation can be ensured more reliably.
[0011]
As described above, it is possible to provide a safer garbage drying treatment machine capable of ensuring electrical insulation while maintaining the energy saving property and the rapid temperature rise, which are advantages of the metal substrate.
[0012]
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
The invention of claim 1, wherein the present invention includes: a processing container for housing a garbage, the exhaust path for discharging exhaust to the outside generated from food waste during the drying process, and a catalyst device disposed in the middle of the exhaust passage the provided, catalytic device comprises a glass glaze process consisting electrically insulating material water-repellent by housing and the housing interior is held catalyzer on the inner surface, the base material of the catalyst is a metal The catalyst layer is made of a material, and a catalyst layer is formed on the surface, and the catalyst layer is heated by energizing the base material to generate heat. Condensation occurs, but since the inner surface of the casing is subjected to water repellent treatment by glass glaze treatment , the condensed water is separated independently and is not connected , and electrical insulation is ensured . Furthermore, since it is a water-repellent process by glass glaze treatment, it has extremely low deterioration and excellent durability compared to a water-repellent process by resin such as fluororesin, and in particular, it has excellent heat resistance. There is no concern about water deterioration, and electrical insulation can be ensured more reliably. In this way, it is possible to provide a safer garbage drying treatment machine that can ensure electrical insulation while maintaining the energy saving and the rapid temperature rise, which are advantages of the metal substrate.
[0013]
The invention according to claim 2 of the present invention is configured such that the base material of the catalyst is formed by winding a corrugated and expanded metal material and an electrically insulating flat plate as a resistor compared to a flat plate or the like. The resistance value can be ensured, and the effect as a heating element can be sufficiently exhibited.
[0014]
In the invention according to claim 3 of the present invention, the casing is made of a ceramic material containing alumina or mullite, so that the hygroscopicity of the casing can be sufficiently lowered and electrical insulation can be ensured more reliably. is there.
[0015]
The invention according to claim 4 of the present invention can ensure electrical insulation more reliably by setting the creepage distance between the end of the catalyst body and the end of the casing to 10 mm or more.
[0016]
According to the fifth aspect of the present invention, a plurality of catalyst bodies are provided in series, and only the upstream catalyst body is energized and the distance between the catalyst bodies is 10 mm or more. The downstream catalyst body is efficiently heated by the heat generated by the upstream catalyst body, resulting in a decrease in energy, and by providing a distance of 10 mm or more between the catalyst bodies, The electrical insulation between the catalyst bodies as well as the gap is added, so that the electrical insulation can be ensured more reliably.
[0017]
【Example】
(Example 1)
An embodiment of the present invention will be described below with reference to FIG.
[0018]
FIG. 1 shows a partial outline of a garbage processing machine, wherein 1 is a processing container for storing garbage, 2 is an exhaust path for communicating the processing container 1 with the outside, and 3 is provided in the middle of the exhaust path 2. The catalyst device deodorizes the odor contained in the exhaust gas from the processing container 1 and has a substantially cylindrical shape here.
[0019]
FIG. 2 shows a configuration diagram of the catalyst device 3. In FIG. 2, reference numeral 21 denotes a ceramic cylinder formed by extrusion molding of mullite, which is a casing of the catalyst device 3. Reference numeral 22 denotes a surface treatment layer applied to the inner surface of the ceramic cylinder 21, and here a glass glaze treatment is performed for the purpose of ensuring water repellency of the inner wall. 23 is a catalyst body, 24a and 24b are terminals connected to the catalyst body 23, and 25 is an inflow part of the catalyst device, which is made of PPS resin. Reference numeral 26 denotes a discharge part of the catalyst device, which is made of SUS which is a metal here.
[0020]
FIG. 3 shows a configuration diagram of the catalyst device 3. In FIG. 3, 31 is a metal thin plate base material, which is processed as follows.
[0021]
First, as a material of the base material 31, Ni—Cr heat resistant steel and Fe—Cr—Al heat resistant steel which are excellent in durability and have high specific resistance and are useful as a heating element are suitable. In this example, in order to match the thermal expansion coefficient of an undercoat layer and a catalyst layer, which will be described later, provided on the surface of the substrate 31, a 0.1 mm thick Fe—Cr—Al heat resistant steel (NTK NO.4L Nippon Metal Co., Ltd.). Kogyo) was used.
[0022]
The base material 31 made of the heat-resistant steel was subjected to an expanding process.
[0023]
Next, the expanded base material 31 was annealed in an air atmosphere at 950 ° C. This is to further increase the durability by annealing to form a dense oxide film on the surface. Further, according to the test results of the inventors, the temperature was set to 950 ° C. According to the test results by the inventors, the formation amount of the oxide film was insufficient at 900 ° C. or lower, and the durability was lowered. This is because it becomes brittle and the strength becomes insufficient.
[0024]
Further, the expanded base material 31 was cut into a shape having a width of 100 mm and a length of 500 mm, and corrugated as shown in FIG. In this embodiment, the corrugated plate has a height of about 3 mm and a pitch between the mountains of about 2 mm.
[0025]
Electrode terminals 24 a and 24 b are attached to both ends of the base material 31 in the longitudinal direction. Reference numeral 32 denotes an insulating flat plate made of a sheet-like ceramic paper having a thickness of 0.5 mm.
[0026]
The insulating flat plate 32 and the base material 31 were stacked one by one and wound to obtain a finished cylindrical base material 33 having an outer diameter of about 50 mm and a height of 100 mm. At this time, since each layer of the base material 31 is insulated by the insulating flat plate 32, even if it is wound, there is no short circuit between the respective layers, and both electrodes are energized only in the winding direction, so that heat is generated. Therefore, a sufficient resistance value is ensured.
[0027]
Next, the undercoat layer described below is formed on the surface of the substrate.
[0028]
Initially, the undercoat slurry used as the material of an undercoat layer is adjusted using the sintered oxide demonstrated below.
[0029]
720 parts by weight of aluminum hydroxide, 217 parts by weight of cerium nitrate hexahydrate, 38 parts by weight of barium carbonate, and 1520 parts by weight of ion-exchanged water were stirred, mixed, dried at 100 ° C, and then sintered at 1000 ° C for 60 minutes. After that, it is pulverized. 400 parts by weight of the sintered oxide thus obtained, 50 parts by weight of aluminum nitrate nonahydrate, 80 parts by weight of colloidal alumina, and 460 parts by weight of ion-exchanged water were mixed, and then pulverized with a ball mill. The undercoat slurry was adjusted to a particle size of 4.1 μm.
[0030]
After 5.0 g of this undercoat slurry is applied to the finished base material by dipping, it is dried at a temperature of 130 ° C. for 20 minutes and further baked at 600 ° C. for 20 minutes to undercoat the surface of the finished base material 33. A layer was formed.
[0031]
Next, a 4.5 wt% dinitrodiamine palladium nitric acid aqueous solution is mixed with a 4.5 wt% dinitrodiamine platinum nitric acid aqueous solution in a 1: 1 ratio, and 5.0 g is applied to the surface of the undercoat layer by dipping. Thereafter, the catalyst layer was formed by drying at 130 ° C. for 20 minutes and then baking at 600 ° C. for 20 minutes.
[0032]
As described above, the undercoat layer 31a and the catalyst layer 31b were formed on the surface of the finished base material, and the catalyst body shown in FIG. 3 was obtained.
[0033]
(Experimental example 1)
In order to see the basic deodorizing performance of the catalyst device 3, an AC voltage was applied between the terminals 24a and 24b of the catalyst device 3 shown in FIG. 2 and the standard gas removal performance was examined. As the standard gas, dimethyl sulfide ((CH ₃ ) ₂ S), which is an odor component generated from vegetables or the like, was diluted with air to a concentration of 500 ppm.
[0034]
The space velocity (SV) at this time is 4000 (h ⁻¹ ), which is the same level as that of an actual garbage processor, and the concentration of dimethyl sulfide before and after the catalyst is examined using the FID of the gas chromatograph, and the removal rate is determined for each input power. I investigated.
[0035]
As a control experiment at this time, a conventional ceramic honeycomb having the same volume and shape and carrying the same component and the same amount of catalyst was used. It was. In both experiments, the outside was wrapped with a heat insulating material to minimize heat dissipation to the outside.
[0036]
The results are shown in FIG.
[0037]
From FIG. 4, in this experiment example, 99.5% dimethyl sulfide removal rate was obtained with about 60 W input, but the control experiment requires about 85 W to obtain the same removal rate, 25% compared to the honeycomb catalyst. It became the above reduction of energy.
[0038]
This indicates that indirect heating causes a thermal loss such as uneven temperature, whereas the direct heating in this embodiment reduces the loss.
[0039]
Here, a base material finished product 33 formed by laminating and winding a corrugated plate-like base material 31 and an insulating flat plate 32 made of ceramic paper was used. Since there is an insulating flat plate 32 between 31, there is no short circuit between the base materials 31, so that a sufficient resistance value for heat generation can be secured, the entire base material 31 generates heat effectively, and the outer diameter shape is cylindrical. Because of the shape, the exhaust flow smoothly flows between the base materials 31, and since the corrugated plate is expanded, contact and diffusion between the exhaust flow and the catalyst layer 31b are most efficiently performed. It is what.
[0040]
(Experimental example 2)
As Experimental Example 2, the temperature rising state of the catalyst body 23 used in Experimental Example 1 was examined.
[0041]
In both this experimental example and the control experiment, the input power was kept constant at 100 W, the same amount of air as in Experimental Example 1 was vented, and the temperature at the center of the catalyst body 23 was examined. The results are shown in FIG. As is clear from FIG. 5, it took less than 2 minutes immediately after the power was turned on for the center temperature of the catalyst body 23 of this example to reach 400 ° C., but it took 10 minutes or more in the control experiment.
[0042]
This indicates that the heat capacity of the conventional ceramic honeycomb base material is larger than that of the metal base material 31 in the present embodiment, and conversely, heat conduction and heat transfer are extremely small, until the catalyst reaches the activation temperature. However, according to the present embodiment, since the time until the catalyst layer 31b reaches the activation temperature is extremely short, the odor can be quickly reduced.
[0043]
(Experimental example 3)
Next, experimental examples showing the effects of the invention of the present invention are shown below.
[0044]
Using a standard garbage, the garbage processing machine was operated and an electrical insulation experiment was conducted.
[0045]
Here, as standard raw garbage, a total of 700 g of cabbage 150 g, mandarin orange 150 g, rice 150 g, chicken 150 g, soy sauce 20 g, Worcester sauce 20 g, salad oil 20 g, dressing 20 g, and sweet potato 20 g was used as a single treatment amount. MS-N33 manufactured by Matsushita Electric Industrial Co., Ltd. was used as the main body of the garbage processing machine, and only the catalyst unit was replaced with the product of the present invention. Further, the temperature was controlled so that the center temperature of the catalyst body was 400 ° C. during operation.
[0046]
In addition, as a control experimental product for the product of the present invention, the ceramic tube 21 was not subjected to glass glaze treatment, the glass tube material was subjected to fluorine treatment instead of the glass glaze treatment, and the glass fiber material was used as the main component instead of the ceramic tube 21 The same operation was performed using an insulating cylinder.
[0047]
Further, in this experimental example, the creeping distance between the catalyst body 23 and the discharge component 26 indicated by a in FIG. 6 is 10 mm.
[0048]
As an experimental method, standard garbage is put into a processing container of a garbage processing machine, a drying process is performed, and 1 hour after the completion of the drying process, the electrode terminal 24a or 24b of the catalyst device and the SUS of the catalyst device 3 in FIG. A voltage of 1000 V was applied to the discharge part 26 formed from, and the insulation resistance was measured by the flowing current.
[0049]
In the present invention, it was 100 MΩ, but the glass glaze treatment was not performed, the fluorine treatment was performed, and the glass fiber cylinder was 1 MΩ or less, and the electrical insulation was extremely low. became.
[0050]
This is because the conventional ceramic materials containing alumina and mullite have low water absorption and hygroscopicity, and electrical insulation can be secured in a normal atmosphere, but when used in a situation where moisture is extremely high like a garbage disposal machine, As the temperature decreases, the moisture that has become vapor condenses and spreads on the surface, and the insulation resistance between the catalyst body 23 and the discharge component 26 decreases.
[0051]
In addition, insulators other than ceramics such as glass fiber bodies are very porous in microscopic state, and therefore, the amount of moisture retained is extremely large, and the electrical insulation is also lowered.
[0052]
Furthermore, if a resin-based material such as a fluororesin is used for the water repellent treatment, the catalyst body undergoes heat-resistant degradation at 400 ° C. or higher, which is the active temperature range of the catalyst body, and does not cause water repellent action.
[0053]
As described above, as in this example, when a casing was made using a ceramic material containing alumina or mullite, and the glass glaze treatment was performed on the inner wall, exhaust from the garbage disposal machine after the treatment was condensed. Even if it is in a state, each water droplet is in an independent state and does not spread on the surface, and electrical insulation is ensured.
[0054]
(Experimental example 4)
Next, an experimental example showing the effect of claim 5 of the present invention will be shown.
[0055]
In Experimental Example 3, the creeping distance between the catalyst body 23 and the discharge component 26 indicated by a in FIG. 6 was 10 mm, but here, the same experiment as in Experimental Example 3 was performed with 2 mm, 5 mm, and 20 mm.
[0056]
At 10 mm, as described above, the insulation resistance was 100 MΩ even in the state where condensation occurred for 1 hour after the treatment, whereas at 2 mm, 5 mm, and 20 mm, they were 1 MΩ or less, 2 MΩ, and 150 MΩ, respectively. FIG. 7 is a graph showing the relationship between creepage distance and insulation resistance. By making the creeping distance between the catalyst body 23 and the discharge component 26 10 mm or more as shown in FIG. 7, electrical insulation can be made more reliable.
[0057]
(Experimental example 5)
Next, an experimental example showing the effect of claim 6 of the present invention will be shown.
[0058]
Here, as shown in FIG. 8, the catalyst body 23 is divided into two parts 23a and 23b, and only the upstream side 23a is provided with a terminal for energization.
[0059]
The basic deodorizing performance was examined by measuring the removal rate of dimethyl sulfide in the same manner as in Experimental Example 1.
[0060]
The results are shown in FIG. Experimental example 1 was used as a comparative control.
[0061]
From FIG. 9, the removal rate of 99.5% was obtained with about 60 W input in Experimental Example 1, whereas it was about 50 W in this Experimental Example, further reducing energy.
[0062]
This is because the downstream catalyst body 23b efficiently receives heat from the upstream catalyst body 23a by convection and radiation by the flow, so that the catalyst body 23 is formed alone and the whole is a heating element. This is because less energy is lost than in Experimental Example 1.
[0063]
Next, the distance between the catalyst body 23 and the discharge component 26 indicated by a in FIG. 8 is fixed to 10 mm, and the distance b between the catalyst bodies 23a and 23b is set to 2, 5, 10, and 20 mm. The insulation resistance between the terminals 24a and 24b and the discharge component 26 was examined. The results are shown in FIG.
[0064]
From FIG. 10, it can be seen that if the distance between the catalyst bodies is 10 mm or more, the insulation between the catalyst bodies is also added, so that the electrical insulation is further ensured.
[0065]
In addition, although it divided into two here, if it is plural, it will not specifically stick to two.
[0066]
【The invention's effect】
The invention of claim 1, wherein the present invention includes: a processing container for housing a garbage, the exhaust path for discharging exhaust to the outside generated from food waste during the drying process, and a catalyst device disposed in the middle of the exhaust passage the provided, catalytic device comprises a glass glaze process consisting electrically insulating material water-repellent by housing and the housing interior is held catalyzer on the inner surface, the base material of the catalyst is a metal The catalyst layer is made of a material, and a catalyst layer is formed on the surface, and the catalyst layer is heated by energizing the base material to generate heat. Condensation occurs, but since the inner surface of the casing is subjected to water repellent treatment by glass glaze treatment , the condensed water is separated independently and is not connected , and electrical insulation is ensured . Furthermore, since it is a water-repellent process by glass glaze treatment, it has extremely low deterioration and excellent durability compared to a water-repellent process by resin such as fluororesin, and in particular, it has excellent heat resistance. There is no concern about water deterioration, and electrical insulation can be ensured more reliably. In this way, it is possible to provide a safer garbage drying treatment machine that can ensure electrical insulation while maintaining the energy saving and the rapid temperature rise, which are advantages of the metal substrate.
[0067]
The invention according to claim 2 of the present invention is configured such that the base material of the catalyst is formed by winding a corrugated and expanded metal material and an electrically insulating flat plate as a resistor compared to a flat plate or the like. The resistance value can be ensured, and the effect as a heating element can be sufficiently exhibited.
[0068]
In the invention according to claim 3 of the present invention, the casing is made of a ceramic material containing alumina or mullite, so that the hygroscopicity of the casing can be sufficiently lowered and electrical insulation can be ensured more reliably. is there.
[0069]
The invention according to claim 4 of the present invention can ensure electrical insulation more reliably by setting the creepage distance between the end of the catalyst body and the end of the casing to 10 mm or more.
[0070]
In the invention according to claim 5 of the present invention, a plurality of catalyst bodies are provided in series, and only the upstream catalyst body is energized and the distance between the catalyst bodies is 10 mm or more. The downstream side catalyst body is efficiently heated by the heat generated by the upstream side catalyst body, resulting in a decrease in energy, and by providing a distance of 10 mm or more between the catalyst bodies, The electrical insulation between the catalyst bodies as well as the gap is added, so that the electrical insulation can be ensured more reliably.
[Brief description of the drawings]
FIG. 1 is a partial schematic view of a garbage drying processing machine showing a first embodiment of the present invention. FIG. 2 is a diagram showing a configuration of a catalyst device of the garbage processing machine. (B) Partial enlarged view of the catalyst body (FIG. 4) Input power vs. dimethyl sulfide removal rate characteristic diagram showing the result of Experimental Example 1 of the same garbage disposal machine (FIG. 5) Elapsed time-catalyst temperature characteristic diagram showing the result of Experiment 2 of the waste treatment machine FIG. 6 is a diagram showing the configuration of the catalyst device used in Experiment 4 of the garbage treatment machine. FIG. 8 is a diagram showing the configuration of the catalyst device used in Experimental Example 5 of the same garbage treatment machine. FIG. 9 is an input power showing the result of Experimental Example 5. Dimethyl sulfide removal rate characteristic diagram [Fig. 10] Distance-insulation resistance characteristic diagram showing the result of Experimental Example 5 of the same garbage treatment machine [Explanation of symbols]
DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1 Processing container 2 Exhaust path 3 Catalytic device 21 Ceramic cylinder 23 Catalyst body 31 Corrugated expanded metal

Claims (5)

Comprising a processing chamber for accommodating a food waste, and an exhaust passage for discharging exhaust to the outside generated from food waste during the drying process, and a catalytic converter that is disposed on the middle of the exhaust passage, the catalytic system, a glass glaze on the inner surface consists housing made of electrically insulating material water-repellent by treatment from the housing interior held catalyzer, the base of the catalyst body is made of metal material, forming a catalyst layer on the surface Further, a garbage drying processing machine in which the catalyst layer is heated by energizing the base material to generate heat. The garbage drying processing machine according to claim 1, wherein the base material is formed by winding a corrugated and expanded metal material and an electrically insulating flat plate. The garbage drying processing machine according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the casing is formed of a ceramic material containing alumina or mullite. The garbage drying processing machine of any one of Claims 1-3 which set the creeping distance of a catalyst body edge part and a housing | casing edge part to 10 mm or more. The garbage drying processing machine according to any one of claims 1 to 4 , wherein a plurality of catalyst bodies are provided in series, only the upstream catalyst body is energized, and the distance between the catalyst bodies is set to 10 mm or more.

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