JP3596272B2 - Discharge surface treatment apparatus and discharge surface treatment method using the same - Google Patents

Description

[0001]
TECHNICAL FIELD OF THE INVENTION
The present invention relates to a discharge surface treatment apparatus for forming a surface treatment layer on a metal or ceramic by discharge surface treatment and a discharge surface treatment method using the same.
[0002]
[Prior art]
FIG. 8 is an explanatory view for explaining a surface treatment apparatus using submerged discharge described in, for example, Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 7-70761. The surface of a material to be processed is made of a metal material such as aluminum or an aluminum alloy by submerged discharge. To impart corrosion resistance and abrasion resistance.
In FIG. 8, reference numeral 6 denotes a material to be processed, 8 denotes a working liquid, for example, using oil such as kerosene, 14 denotes a green compact electrode, and 15 denotes a surface treatment layer formed on the material 6 to be processed.
For example, when a Ti-based film is formed on the surface of the material 6 to be processed, first, a TiH ₂ (titanium hydride) -based green compact electrode 14 discharges in a machining fluid 8 that generates carbon by electric discharge such as kerosene. Generate.
This discharge consumes the electrode 14 and releases its component Ti between the electrodes. The Ti reacts with carbon, which is a component of the working fluid thermally decomposed by the electric discharge, to become TiC, and the surface treatment layer 15 can be formed on the surface of the material 6 to be treated.
[0003]
[Problems to be solved by the invention]
However, for example, when a surface treatment is performed on an aluminum alloy using a compact electrode of TiH ₂ (titanium hydride) as described above, the hardness difference between the aluminum alloy and the TiC coating is too large. There was a problem that the coating was immediately peeled off.
Further, when the material component or particle diameter of the green compact electrode, the electrode length, the electrode area or the molding pressure at the time of manufacturing the electrode are different, or when the electrode has a gradient characteristic, depending on the part of the green compact electrode. Since the electric conductivity and the thermal conductivity are different, when the discharge energy during the surface treatment is constant, the electrode wear conditions are different, so the surface properties are deteriorated, and a surface treatment layer having poor adhesion and abrasion resistance is formed. There was a problem.
That is, in the surface treatment method using the conventional discharge surface treatment apparatus, it was not possible to form a surface treatment layer satisfying the required specifications on the material to be treated.
[0004]
The present invention has been made in order to solve such a problem, and even if the characteristics of a green compact electrode or the like are changed during processing, or even if the surface treatment layer to be formed is a thick film, it is necessary to provide a material to be processed. An object of the present invention is to provide a discharge surface treatment apparatus capable of forming a surface treatment layer satisfying specifications and a discharge surface treatment method using the same.
[0005]
[Means for Solving the Problems]
The first discharge surface treatment apparatus according to the present invention generates a discharge by applying a voltage between a green compact electrode made of a surface treatment material or a material that is a source of the surface treatment material and a material to be treated. Discharge treatment means for forming a surface treatment layer on the surface of the material to be treated, a required specification storage unit for storing required specifications of the surface treatment layer, and characteristics of an electrode for storing characteristics relating to the discharge treatment of the green compact electrode A storage unit, a discharge state detection unit that detects whether or not discharge is normally performed by the discharge processing unit during the discharge process, and an output result from the characteristic storage unit of the electrode and a required specification of the required specification storage unit. A discharge processing condition control unit for controlling a discharge processing condition of the discharge processing unit based on a detection result from the discharge state detection unit .
[0006]
A second discharge surface treatment apparatus according to the present invention is the first discharge surface treatment apparatus according to the first discharge surface treatment apparatus, which detects whether or not a property of a surface treatment layer formed on the workpiece is normal during the discharge treatment. The apparatus further includes a treatment layer property detection unit, and the discharge treatment condition control unit controls the discharge treatment condition of the discharge treatment unit based on the detection result of the surface treatment layer property detection unit .
[0007]
A third discharge surface treatment apparatus according to the present invention, in the first discharge surface treatment apparatus, wherein discharge treatment conditions are those of a discharge pulse polarity, a peak current, an open voltage, a pulse on time, a pulse off time, or a servo voltage. .
[0008]
A fourth discharge surface treatment apparatus according to the present invention, in the first discharge surface treatment apparatus, wherein the characteristics of the electrodes related to the discharge treatment are: electrode material component, particle diameter of the electrode material, electrode length, electrode area or This is the electrode molding pressure .
[0009]
The first discharge surface treatment method according to the present invention is characterized in that the discharge treatment is performed by applying a voltage between a green compact electrode made of a surface treatment material or a material that is a source of the surface treatment material and a material to be treated. In the discharge surface treatment method of forming a surface treatment layer on the surface of the material to be treated, the required specifications of the surface treatment layer, the characteristics related to the discharge treatment of the green compact electrode, and the discharge treatment state during the discharge treatment This is a method for controlling the above discharge processing conditions.
[0010]
A second discharge surface treatment method according to the present invention is a method according to the first discharge surface treatment method, wherein the discharge treatment conditions are controlled by the properties of the surface treatment layer during the discharge treatment .
[0011]
A third discharge surface treatment method according to the present invention, in the first or second discharge surface treatment method, wherein the discharge treatment conditions include discharge pulse polarity, peak current, open voltage, pulse on time, pulse off time, or servo voltage. Is the way.
[0012]
In a fourth discharge surface treatment method according to the present invention, in the first or second discharge surface treatment method, the characteristics of the electrode related to the discharge treatment include an electrode material component , a particle diameter of the electrode material, an electrode length, It is a method of electrode area or electrode molding pressure .
[0014]
BEST MODE FOR CARRYING OUT THE INVENTION
Embodiment 1 FIG.
In Figure 1 the discharge surface treatment apparatus of the embodiment of the present onset Ming embodiment is an explanatory view showing a configuration related to the first based on the set discharge conditions performs discharge processing for the required specifications, Figure 2 is the discharge surface It is a flowchart which shows the process of a process.
In the drawing, reference numeral 1 denotes a surface of the material to be treated by applying a voltage between a green compact electrode made of a surface treatment material or a material that is a source of the surface treatment material and a material to be treated to generate a discharge. Discharge treatment means for forming a treatment layer, 2 is an electrode characteristic storage unit for storing the characteristics of the electrodes related to the discharge of the green compact electrode, and 3 is the required specification of the surface treatment material formed on the material to be treated. The required specification storage unit 4 is a discharge processing condition control unit that controls the discharge processing conditions of the discharge processing unit 1 based on the output result from the electrode characteristic storage unit 2 and the required specifications in the required specification storage unit.
[0015]
First, in step 1, required specifications such as hardness, abrasion resistance, adhesion, film thickness or surface roughness of a surface treatment layer formed on a material to be processed are stored in a required specification storage unit 3, and in step 2, a green compact electrode is formed. For example, the characteristics related to the discharge, such as the electrode material component or particle size, the electrode length, the electrode area, the molding pressure at the time of manufacturing the electrode, or the above-mentioned characteristic of the electrode inclination are stored.
Next, in step 3, from the electrode characteristic storage unit 2 and the required specification storage unit 3, discharge processing conditions such as the polarity, peak current, open voltage, pulse on time, pulse off time, or servo voltage of the discharge pulse suitable for the discharge processing. Is set by the discharge processing condition control unit 4, and based on that, the discharge processing is performed by the discharge processing means 1 in step 4, and the discharge processing ends when the surface treatment layer reaches the required specification in step 5. Step 1 and step 2 may be performed before and after.
[0016]
Embodiment 2 FIG.
In the first embodiment, it will be described the case of forming a surface treatment layer hardness change in the material to be treated is smooth (required specifications for surface treatment layer).
FIG. 3 is an explanatory diagram for explaining the discharge processing of the material to be processed in the first embodiment. In the figure, 6 is a material to be treated, 8 is a working fluid, such as oil such as kerosene, 5 is a green compact electrode, and 7 is a surface treatment layer.
Further, as the green compact electrode 5, an electrode having a gradient in composition by gradually changing the amount of TiH ₂ powder and the amount of Ni powder (characteristic of the electrode) was used. That is, the amount of the Ni powder, which is a relatively soft metal, is gradually changed on the side of the workpiece 6 so as to be larger than the amount of the TiH ₂ powder containing Ti, which is a relatively hard metal.
Next, as a discharge treatment condition for forming the surface treatment layer on the material to be treated using the electrode, it is set that a discharge is generated with a constant discharge energy between the electrode and the material to be treated, and the discharge is performed by a discharge such as kerosene. Discharge treatment was performed in the working fluid 8 that generates carbon, and as shown in the figure, a surface treatment layer 7 having a gradient in components could be obtained.
That is, the amount of Ni is large in the contact portion between the material to be treated 6 and the surface treatment layer 7, and the amount of Ni decreases toward the upper surface of the surface treatment layer 7. Since the amount increased, the change in hardness became smoother than that made of TiC alone, and the peeling of the surface treatment layer film having high hardness could be suppressed at the same time.
[0017]
The green compact electrode 5 used in the present embodiment uses a powder having a particle size of about 10 μm, and has a continuous Ni powder amount: TiH ₂ powder amount = 7: 3 to 0:10 (vol%). It was made to have a gradient by using a material which was changed in the end. The electrodes were manufactured by, for example, laminating powders having different mixing ratios in an electrode mold, followed by pressure molding.
[0018]
Further, as shown in FIG. 4, the work 6 side of the green compact electrode 5 is formed of a relatively soft metal Ni powder, and the other is formed of a relatively hard metal Ti containing TiH ₂ powder. By doing so, the same effect as described above can be obtained.
FIG. 4 is an explanatory view of a green compact electrode that can be used in the present embodiment . In the figure, 9 is a green compact electrode, 10 is a portion formed of Ni powder, and 11 is a TiH ₂ powder. It is a part formed by.
[0019]
Further, although the gradient of the present green compact electrode is given to the electrode material component, the gradient of the green compact electrode may be given to the particle size (for example, 2 to 20 μm) or both the electrode material and the particle size.
Also, other than Ti, V (vanadium), Nb (niobium), Ta (tantalum), Cr (chromium), Mo (molybdenum), W (tungsten), or the like may be used. The same effect can be obtained by using a mixture of these.
[0020]
Embodiment 3 FIG.
Oite to the first embodiment will be described the case of forming an excellent surface treatment layer on the surface properties on the treated material (the required specifications of the surface treatment layer).
FIG. 5 is an explanatory diagram for explaining the operation of the discharge processing condition control unit according to the first embodiment. The discharge processing energy (discharge processing conditions) when using compacted electrodes (characteristics of electrodes) having different particle sizes is used. 5) shows a characteristic diagram {FIG. 5 (a)} showing the relationship of the surface properties according to the present invention, and FIG. 5 (b)} shows a characteristic diagram showing the relationship between the discharge treatment energy and the film thickness of the surface treatment layer.
In the figure, the discharge processing energy is the product of the peak current and the pulse on time. When the particle size is 5 μm ( △ in the figure), the discharge treatment energy is selected from E1 and E2 in terms of the surface properties as shown in FIG. 5 (a), and the film thickness is as shown in FIG. 5 (b). From this point, the optimum discharge treatment energy may be determined. On the other hand, when the particle diameter is 1 μm ( ○ in the figure), the discharge treatment energy used when the particle diameter is 5 μm increases the film thickness but deteriorates the surface properties. By selecting from among these, a good quality film can be formed.
[0021]
Embodiment 4 FIG.
Figure 6 is an explanatory diagram showing a configuration of a discharge surface treatment apparatus of the embodiment of the present onset Ming embodiment, FIG. 7 is a flowchart of the operation of the discharge surface treatment using the discharge surface treatment apparatus.
In the figure, reference numerals 1 to 4 are the same as those in FIG. 1, reference numeral 12 is a discharge processing state detection unit for detecting whether or not discharge is normally performed by the discharge processing unit 1 (for example, whether or not a short circuit has occurred). It is a property detection unit of the surface treatment layer that detects whether the property of the surface treatment layer is normal.
That is, in the first embodiment, as shown in FIG. 1, it is assumed that the initially set discharge processing conditions are not affected by disturbance, but there are actually states in which the above conditions cannot cope with the discharge state of the processing waste. appear. This is detected, for example, in a short-circuit state to determine whether or not discharge has occurred continuously.
Further, for example, if the initially set discharge processing conditions are inappropriate, or if the discharge processing conditions become inappropriate as the discharge proceeds, the surface roughness deteriorates, the thickness of the coating becomes uneven, and the surface treatment is performed. Since the properties of the layer deteriorate, the state of the discharge treatment can be detected from the properties of the surface layer.
[0022]
First, in FIG. 7, the discharge processing is performed by the discharge processing means 1 up to step 4 in the same manner as in FIG.
When the treatment time is prolonged, the characteristics of the green compact electrode change during the discharge treatment. By responding to the change, a surface treatment layer more in accordance with the required specifications can be obtained.
That is, in FIG. 7, during the discharge processing, it is determined whether or not the discharge processing state is normal during the discharge processing. If abnormal, the discharge processing condition control unit 4 corrects the discharge processing condition. In step 9, it is determined whether or not the properties of the surface treatment layer formed on the material to be treated are normal. If abnormal, the discharge treatment conditions are corrected by the discharge treatment condition control unit 4. When the processing layer reaches the required specification, the discharge processing is completed.
Steps 1 and 2 and steps 6 and 7 and steps 8 and 9 may be performed before and after, and steps 6 and 7 and steps 8 and 9 may determine the number of executions from the beginning.
[0023]
As shown in FIG. 1 of the first embodiment, the determination of the discharge processing condition by the discharge processing condition control unit is performed once before the surface treatment, but the characteristics of the green compact electrode and the like change during the treatment , or Even if the surface treatment layer to be formed is a thick film ( about 20 μm), in the discharge surface treatment method using the discharge surface treatment apparatus according to the embodiment of the present invention, the discharge condition is determined by the discharge condition control unit. As a result, a high-quality surface treatment layer can be obtained.
[0024]
【The invention's effect】
According to the first discharge surface treatment apparatus of the present invention, a discharge is generated by applying a voltage between a green compact electrode made of a surface treatment material or a material serving as a surface treatment material and a material to be treated. A discharge processing means for forming a surface treatment layer on the surface of the material to be processed, a required specification storage unit for storing required specifications of the surface treatment layer, and an electrode for storing characteristics relating to discharge processing of the green compact electrode. A characteristic storage unit, a discharge state detection unit that detects whether or not discharge is normally performed by the discharge processing unit during the discharge processing, and an output result from the characteristic storage unit of the electrode and a request from the required specification storage unit. It has a discharge processing condition control unit that controls the discharge processing conditions of the discharge processing unit from the specifications and the detection results from the discharge state detection unit , and the characteristics of the green compact electrode and the like change during processing. Or forming surface treatment There is also a thick film, there is an effect that it is possible to form the surface treatment layer satisfying the required specifications in the treated material.
[0025]
According to the second discharge surface treatment device of the present invention, in the first discharge surface treatment device, it is detected during the discharge treatment whether or not the property of the surface treatment layer formed on the material to be treated is normal. includes a property detecting unit of the surface treatment layer, discharging treatment condition control unit is for controlling the discharge process condition of a discharge processing unit from the detection result of the property detection portion of the surface treatment layer, a green compact electrode and the like during processing Even if the characteristics of the above-mentioned are changed, or the surface treatment layer to be formed is a thick film, there is an effect that a surface treatment layer satisfying required specifications can be formed on the material to be treated.
[0026]
According to the third discharge surface treatment device of the present invention, in the first discharge surface treatment device, the discharge treatment condition is such that the discharge pulse has a polarity, a peak current, an open voltage, a pulse on time, a pulse off time, or a servo voltage . Yes, even if the characteristics of the green compact electrode change during processing, or even if the surface treatment layer to be formed is a thick film, the surface treatment layer that meets the required specifications can be formed on the material to be treated. There is.
[0027]
According to the fourth discharge surface treatment apparatus of the present invention, in the first discharge surface treatment apparatus, the characteristics of the electrodes related to the discharge treatment include the electrode material component, the particle diameter of the electrode material, the electrode length, and the electrode area. Or, it is the electrode molding pressure, and even if the characteristics of the green compact electrode change during processing, or the surface treatment layer to be formed is a thick film, the surface treatment layer that meets the required specifications for the material to be treated Can be formed.
[0028]
In the first discharge surface treatment method of the present invention, the discharge treatment is performed by applying a voltage between a green compact electrode made of a surface treatment material or a material that is a base material of the surface treatment material and a material to be treated. in the discharge surface treatment method of forming a surface treatment layer on the surface of the treated material, more and required specifications for the surface treatment layer, and characteristics associated with the discharge processing of the green compact electrode, and the discharge processing state during the discharge process This is a method for controlling the above-mentioned discharge treatment conditions. Even if the characteristics of the green compact electrode change during the treatment, or the surface treatment layer to be formed is a thick film, the surface treatment satisfying the required specifications for the material to be treated. There is an effect that a layer can be formed.
[0029]
Second discharge surface treatment method of the present invention, in the above-mentioned first discharge surface treatment apparatus, and the control of the discharge process conditions a method performed by the properties of the surface treatment layer during the discharge process, the green compact electrode during processing Even if the characteristics such as change or the surface treatment layer to be formed is a thick film, there is an effect that the surface treatment layer which further satisfies the required specifications can be formed on the material to be treated.
[0030]
In a third discharge surface treatment method of the present invention, in the first or second discharge surface treatment method, the discharge treatment condition is a polarity of a discharge pulse, a peak current, an open voltage, a pulse on time, a pulse off time or a servo voltage. Even if the characteristics of the green compact electrode change during processing, or even if the surface treatment layer to be formed is a thick film, it is possible to form a surface treatment layer that sufficiently satisfies the required specifications depending on the material to be treated. effective.
[0031]
In a fourth discharge surface treatment method of the present invention, in the first or second discharge surface treatment method, the characteristics of the electrode related to the discharge treatment include an electrode material component , a particle diameter of the electrode material, an electrode length, and an electrode. This is a method of area or electrode molding pressure , and the surface treatment layer that meets the required specifications for the material to be treated , even if the characteristics of the green compact electrode etc. change during processing or the surface treatment layer to be formed is a thick film Can be formed.
[Brief description of the drawings]
FIG. 1 is an explanatory diagram showing a configuration of a discharge surface treatment apparatus according to the present invention.
FIG. 2 is a flowchart showing a process of a discharge surface treatment using the discharge surface treatment apparatus according to the present invention.
FIG. 3 is an explanatory diagram illustrating a discharge process of a material to be processed by a discharge surface treatment apparatus according to the present invention.
FIG. 4 is an explanatory view of a green compact electrode according to the present invention.
FIG. 5 is an explanatory diagram for explaining an operation of a discharge processing condition control unit in the discharge surface treatment apparatus according to the present invention.
FIG. 6 is an explanatory diagram showing a configuration of a discharge surface treatment apparatus according to the present invention.
FIG. 7 is a flowchart showing a process of a discharge surface treatment using the discharge surface treatment apparatus according to the present invention.
FIG. 8 is an explanatory diagram illustrating a discharge process of a material to be processed by a conventional discharge surface treatment apparatus.
[Explanation of symbols]
5 green compact electrode, 7 surface treatment layer.

Claims (8)

Forming a surface treatment layer on the surface of the material to be treated by applying a voltage between the surface treatment material or a green compact electrode composed of a material that is a source of the surface treatment material and the material to be treated to generate a discharge. Discharge processing means, a required specification storage section for storing required specifications of the surface treatment layer, an electrode characteristic storage section for storing characteristics relating to the discharge processing of the green compact electrode, and normal discharge by the discharge processing means. A discharge state detection unit for detecting whether or not the discharge is performed during the discharge process, and the output result from the electrode characteristic storage unit, the required specification in the required specification storage unit, and the detection result from the discharge state detection unit. A discharge surface treatment apparatus comprising a discharge treatment condition control unit for controlling a discharge treatment condition of a discharge treatment means. A surface treatment layer property detection unit that detects whether the property of the surface treatment layer formed on the material to be processed is normal during the discharge treatment, and the discharge treatment condition control unit controls the property detection unit of the surface treatment layer. The discharge surface treatment apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the discharge processing conditions of the discharge processing means are controlled based on the detection result of (1) . The discharge surface treatment apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the discharge processing condition is a polarity of a discharge pulse, a peak current, an open voltage, a pulse on time, a pulse off time, or a servo voltage. The discharge surface treatment apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the characteristics of the electrode related to the discharge treatment are an electrode material component , a particle size of the electrode material, an electrode length, an electrode area, or an electrode molding pressure . A discharge for forming a surface treatment layer on the surface of the material to be treated by applying a voltage between the surface treatment material or a green compact electrode made of a material of the surface treatment material and the material to be treated to perform a discharge treatment; in the surface treatment method, the required specifications for the surface treatment layer, characteristics and, more the discharge surface treatment method in the discharge processing state during the discharge process associated with the discharge treatment of the green compact electrode. The discharge surface treatment method according to claim 5, wherein the control of the discharge treatment conditions is performed by the properties of the surface treatment layer during the discharge treatment . 7. The discharge surface treatment method according to claim 5, wherein the discharge treatment conditions are a polarity of a discharge pulse, a peak current, an open voltage, a pulse on time, a pulse off time, or a servo voltage. The discharge surface treatment according to claim 5 or 6, wherein the characteristics of the electrode related to the discharge treatment are an electrode material component , a particle diameter of the electrode material, an electrode length, an electrode area, or an electrode molding pressure. Method.

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