JP3592150B2 - Plant operation support equipment - Google Patents

Plant operation support equipment Download PDF

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Publication number
JP3592150B2
JP3592150B2 JP24809699A JP24809699A JP3592150B2 JP 3592150 B2 JP3592150 B2 JP 3592150B2 JP 24809699 A JP24809699 A JP 24809699A JP 24809699 A JP24809699 A JP 24809699A JP 3592150 B2 JP3592150 B2 JP 3592150B2
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Prior art keywords
operation amount
control
amount
guidance
unit
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JP2001075635A (en
Inventor
和男 長▲濱▼
武志 杉澤
寛通 安東
智之 野島
晃治 坂田
誠 黒田
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Kubota Corp
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Kubota Corp
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  • Incineration Of Waste (AREA)
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Description

【0001】
【発明の属する技術分野】
本発明は、プラントの運転支援装置に関し、焼却炉や溶融炉等のプラントの運転制御においてオペレータに適切な操作を案内するものである。
【0002】
【従来の技術】
従来、例えば下水汚泥の焼却プラントにおいては、運転状況を把握するための観測因子として、炉内温度、汚泥処理量、排ガス中のO濃度およびNOx濃度、熱回収設備として設けた廃熱ボイラで発生する蒸気量等があり、操作因子として、炉内に投入する汚泥供給量、炉内に供給する燃焼空気量およびその空気温度がある。
【0003】
このような、多変量の対応づけで多入力・多出力系の制御手順(ルール)を定め、観測因子の状況を見ながら適合する制御ルールに基づいて個々の操作因子の操作量を決定している。
運転支援装置を備えたプラントにおいて、運転員は、所定の制御周期(例えば30〜60分)毎に燃焼空気量や汚泥供給量等の設定調整を行なっており、この設定調整に際して運転支援装置は、観測因子の炉内温度や排ガス中のNOx濃度などからプラントの運転状況を判断し、必要とする調整項目(炉内温度や排ガス中のNOx濃度)とその調整に必要な操作因子(空気温度、燃焼空気量、汚泥供給量)の操作量を自動的に判断し、その結果を操作ガイダンスとして画面表示又は音声によって運転員に伝達している。
【0004】
【発明が解決しようとする課題】
ところで、上記したように運転員が設定調整する手動操作制御を行なう場合には、操作を人的作業によって行なうので、短い制御周期で設定調整することは困難であり、運転員に伝達する操作ガイダンスは、長い制御周期で大きな操作量を出す制御ルールを前提とするものである。一方、人を介在させないで自動制御を行なう場合には、短い制御周期で設定調整することが可能であるので、短い制御周期で小さな操作量を出す制御ルールを必要とする。
【0005】
したがって、操作ガイダンスに基づく手動操作制御と自動制御は、それぞれ別系統の制御ルールを設計することが必要であり、プラントの運転制御システムを手動操作制御から自動制御に切り換える際には、全く別の設計思想に基づく制御ルールの構築を必要とする。
また、長い制御周期において運転状況を判断する場合に、前回の設定調整と次回の設定調整の間においてプラントの運転状況が急変したときには、現状に沿わない誤った状態が長く持続して運転状況を悪化させてしまうことなり、その反動として次回の設定調整における操作量が大きくなり、不安定な運転状態に陥る恐れがある。
【0006】
本発明は上記した課題を解決するものであり、短周期で運転状況を判断しながら長周期で設定調整するに必要な操作ガイダンスを運転員に指示することができるプラントの運転支援装置を提供することを目的とする。
【0007】
【課題を解決するための手段】
上記課題を解決するために、本発明のプラントの運転支援装置は、センサー手段によって計測した制御量のプロセス値に基づいて運転状況を認知するとともに、プロセス値を制御目標値に近づけるに必要な操作手段の操作量を判断し、操作手段を所定の長周期の制御周期で手動操作制御するプラントにおいて運転を支援する装置であって、
センサー手段で計測するプロセス値を所定の短周期の制御周期で取り込み、プロセス値と予め設定する制御目標値とを比較してその偏差を調整するに必要な操作手段の操作量を算出する制御演算部と、この算出した操作量を積算する操作量積算部と、この積算した積算操作量と予め設定する最低操作量とを比較し、積算操作量が最低操作量を超えた時、もしくは所定の長周期の制御周期が到来した時にガイダンスの出力を指示する比較判断部と、ガイダンスの出力指示を受けて、操作手段において当該積算操作量の操作を行なうべきことを指示するメッセージデータを出力するガイダンス出力部と、ガイダンス出力部から出力するメッセージデータを表示する表示手段とを備えたものである。
【0008】
上記した構成により、制御演算部での制御周期(例えば1分)毎に出力される操作量には負値と正値があり、積算操作量は制御周期毎の操作量を積算することによって増減する。したがって、積算操作量は運転状況の微小な短期変動を吸収しながら、運転状況の長期的な傾向を示す指標となる。
一方、最低操作量はプラントの手動操作制御において操作する最小の操作量であり、積算操作量が最低操作量を超えた時、もしくは所定の長周期の制御周期が到来した時点で、その積算操作量の操作が必要な状態が現出したことをメッセージとして表示することにより、運転員は、長周期の制御周期で操作手段を設定調整しながら、急激な運転状況の変動に対しても適切な時期に設定調整を行なうことができる。
【0009】
【発明の実施の形態】
以下、本発明の実施の形態を図面に基づいて説明する。本実施の形態におけるプラントの運転支援装置は、下水汚泥を焼却する焼却炉や溶融炉等のプラントに適用するものである。プラントの各所には、炉内温度、汚泥処理量、排ガス中のO濃度およびNOx濃度、熱回収設備として設けた廃熱ボイラで発生する蒸気量等の各種の制御量を計測するセンサー手段を設けており、これらの制御量を調整するために、炉内に汚泥を投入する汚泥供給装置、炉内に燃焼空気を供給するブロア、燃焼空気を予熱する空気予熱器等の出力を操作する操作手段を設けている。
【0010】
運転員は所定の長周期TL(30〜60分)の制御周期において、プラントの各所に設けたセンサー手段によって計測する各種の制御量のプロセス値に基づいてプラントの運転状況を認知するとともに、プロセス値を制御目標値に近づけるに必要な操作手段の操作量を判断して手動操作制御する。
図1において、運転支援装置1は、制御演算部2、操作量積算部3、比較判断部4、ガイダンス出力部5、表示手段6およびスイッチ7からなる。
【0011】
制御演算部2は、各種のセンサー手段で計測する炉内温度、排ガス中のO濃度およびNOx濃度等のプロセス値を所定の短周期TS(1分)の制御周期で取り込む。そして、各操作項目n(制御量)毎に、プロセス値と予め設定する制御目標値とを比較してその偏差を調整するに必要な各操作手段の操作量(Yn)を算出する。
【0012】
操作量積算部3は、制御演算部2で算出した操作量(Yn)を積算し、積算操作量(sYn)を出力する。比較判断部4は、積算操作量(sYn)と予め設定する最低操作量(Hn)とを比較し、積算操作量(sYn)が最低操作量(Hn)を超えた時、もしくは所定の長周期TLの制御周期が到来した時にガイダンスの出力を指示する。
【0013】
ガイダンス出力部5は、ガイダンスの出力指示を受けて、各操作手段において当該積算操作量(sYn)の操作を行なうべきことを指示するメッセージデータを出力する。表示手段6は、ガイダンス出力部5から出力するメッセージデータを表示する。スイッチ7は、制御演算部2で算出した操作量(Yn)を直接に操作手段に出力する場合に、信号出力系統を切り換えるものである。
【0014】
上記した構成により、図2に示すように、制御演算部2は、短周期TS(1分)毎に各操作項目nのプロセス値と制御目標値とを比較して操作量(Yn)を算出する。この操作量はプロセス値が過剰であれば負値となり、プロセス値が過少であれば正値となる。このため、操作量積算部3において操作量(Yn)を積算して得られる積算操作量(sYn)は、制御周期毎に増減する値となり、積算操作量(sYn)はプラントの運転状況の微小な短期変動を吸収しながら、運転状況の長期的な傾向を示す指標となる。
【0015】
比較判断部4は、積算操作量(sYn)と最低操作量(Hn)とを比較判断してガイダンスの出力をガイダンス出力部5に指示する。この最低操作量(Hn)はプラントの手動操作制御において操作する最小の操作量であるので、積算操作量(sYn)が最低操作量(Hn)を超えた時、もしくは所定の長周期TLの制御周期が到来した時点で、表示手段6が積算操作量(sYn)の操作が必要な状態が現出したことをメッセージとして表示することにより、運転員は、長周期TLの制御周期で各操作手段を設定調整しながら、短周期TSにおける急激な運転状況の変動に対しても適切な時期に設定調整を行なうことができる。ガイダンス出力部5は、表示手段6にメッセージデータを出力するとともに、操作量積算部3の値を初期化する。
【0016】
スイッチ7を操作して信号出力系統を切り換えることにより、制御演算部2で算出した操作量(Yn)を直接に操作手段に出力して、短周期TSの制御周期で自動制御することができ、自動制御と手動操作制御をスイッチ7の操作で簡単に切り換えることができる。
【0017】
【発明の効果】
以上のように本発明によれば、積算操作量が手動操作制御の最低操作量を超えた時、もしくは所定の長周期の制御周期が到来した時点で、その積算操作量の操作が必要なことをメッセージとして運転員に伝達することにより、長周期の制御周期で操作手段を設定調整しながら、急激な運転状況の変動に対しても適切な時期に設定調整を行なうことができる。ガイダンス出力する判断基準の変更は、最低操作量を調整変更するだけでよく、演算周期や制御ルールを変更し直す必要はない。操作項目毎に独立して動作でき、任意のタイミングで必要となったもののみガイダンス出力して設定調整することができる。
【図面の簡単な説明】
【図1】本発明の実施の形態における運転支援装置を示すブロック図である。
【図2】同実施の形態における制御周期での処理を示すフローチャートである。
【符号の説明】
1 運転支援装置
2 制御演算部
3 操作量積算部
4 比較判断部
5 ガイダンス出力部
6 表示手段
7 スイッチ
[0001]
TECHNICAL FIELD OF THE INVENTION
The present invention relates to a plant operation support device, and provides an operator with an appropriate operation in operation control of a plant such as an incinerator or a melting furnace.
[0002]
[Prior art]
Conventionally, in incineration plants, for example sewage sludge, as observed factors to grasp the operating conditions, furnace temperature, sludge treatment volume, O 2 concentration and the NOx concentration in the exhaust gas, with the waste heat boiler which is provided as a heat recovery facilities There are the amount of generated steam and the like, and the operation factors include the amount of sludge supplied to the furnace, the amount of combustion air supplied to the furnace, and the temperature of the air.
[0003]
The control procedure (rule) of the multi-input / multi-output system is determined by such a multivariate correspondence, and the manipulated variables of the individual manipulated factors are determined based on the appropriate control rules while observing the situation of the observation factors. I have.
In a plant provided with an operation support device, an operator performs setting adjustment of a combustion air amount, a sludge supply amount, and the like every predetermined control cycle (for example, 30 to 60 minutes). The operating condition of the plant is determined from the observation factors such as the furnace temperature and the NOx concentration in the exhaust gas, and the necessary adjustment items (furnace temperature and NOx concentration in the exhaust gas) and the operating factors (air temperature) required for the adjustment are determined. , The amount of combustion air and the amount of sludge supplied) are automatically determined, and the result is transmitted to the operator as screen guidance or voice as operation guidance.
[0004]
[Problems to be solved by the invention]
By the way, when performing the manual operation control in which the operator performs the setting adjustment as described above, since the operation is performed by a human operation, it is difficult to perform the setting adjustment in a short control cycle, and the operation guidance transmitted to the operator is difficult. Is based on a control rule that outputs a large amount of operation in a long control cycle. On the other hand, when automatic control is performed without human intervention, setting and adjustment can be performed in a short control cycle, so that a control rule for outputting a small operation amount in a short control cycle is required.
[0005]
Therefore, manual operation control and automatic control based on operation guidance require the design of control rules for different systems.When switching the operation control system of a plant from manual operation control to automatic control, completely different control rules are required. It requires the construction of control rules based on design philosophy.
In addition, when determining the operating condition in a long control cycle, if the operating condition of the plant suddenly changes between the previous setting adjustment and the next setting adjustment, an erroneous state that does not conform to the current condition is maintained for a long time. As a reaction, the amount of operation in the next setting adjustment becomes large, which may lead to an unstable driving state.
[0006]
The present invention is to solve the above-mentioned problem, and provides a plant operation support device capable of instructing an operator on operation guidance necessary for setting and adjusting in a long cycle while determining an operation state in a short cycle. The purpose is to:
[0007]
[Means for Solving the Problems]
In order to solve the above problems, the plant operation support device of the present invention recognizes an operation state based on a process value of a control amount measured by a sensor unit, and performs an operation necessary to bring the process value closer to a control target value. An apparatus for assisting operation in a plant that determines an operation amount of the means and manually controls the operation means at a predetermined long control cycle,
A control operation that captures the process value measured by the sensor means at a predetermined short control cycle, compares the process value with a preset control target value, and calculates the operation amount of the operation means necessary to adjust the deviation. Unit, an operation amount integrating unit that integrates the calculated operation amount, and compares the integrated operation amount with a preset minimum operation amount. When the integrated operation amount exceeds the minimum operation amount, A comparison / judgment unit that instructs output of guidance when a long control cycle has arrived, and a guidance that receives a guidance output instruction and outputs message data that instructs the operation means to operate the integrated operation amount. An output unit and display means for displaying message data output from the guidance output unit are provided.
[0008]
According to the above-described configuration, the manipulated variable output for each control cycle (for example, one minute) in the control calculation unit has a negative value and a positive value, and the integrated manipulated variable is increased or decreased by integrating the manipulated variable for each control cycle. I do. Therefore, the integrated operation amount serves as an index indicating a long-term tendency of the driving situation while absorbing a small short-term fluctuation of the driving situation.
On the other hand, the minimum operation amount is the minimum operation amount operated in the manual operation control of the plant, and when the integrated operation amount exceeds the minimum operation amount or when a predetermined long control cycle has arrived, the integrated operation amount By displaying as a message that a state requiring operation of the quantity has appeared, the operator can set and adjust the operating means in a long control cycle, and also adjust the operating Settings can be adjusted at appropriate times.
[0009]
BEST MODE FOR CARRYING OUT THE INVENTION
Hereinafter, embodiments of the present invention will be described with reference to the drawings. The plant operation support device in the present embodiment is applied to a plant such as an incinerator or a melting furnace for incinerating sewage sludge. The various parts of the plant, the furnace temperature, sludge treatment volume, O 2 concentration and the NOx concentration in the exhaust gas, a sensor means for measuring the various control of the amount of steam or the like generated by the waste heat boiler which is provided as a heat recovery facilities In order to adjust these control amounts, the operation of manipulating the output of a sludge supply device for feeding sludge into the furnace, a blower for supplying combustion air to the furnace, an air preheater for preheating combustion air, etc. Means are provided.
[0010]
The operator recognizes the operation state of the plant based on the process values of various control amounts measured by the sensor means provided at various parts of the plant in a predetermined long period TL (30 to 60 minutes) control cycle. Manual operation control is performed by determining the amount of operation of the operation means necessary to bring the value closer to the control target value.
In FIG. 1, the driving support device 1 includes a control calculation unit 2, an operation amount integration unit 3, a comparison determination unit 4, a guidance output unit 5, a display unit 6, and a switch 7.
[0011]
Control calculating unit 2, the furnace temperature measured by various sensor means, taking the control cycle of the exhaust gas O 2 concentration and short-cycle process value of a predetermined NOx concentration, etc. TS (1 minute). Then, for each operation item n (control amount), the process value is compared with a preset control target value, and the operation amount (Yn) of each operation means required to adjust the deviation is calculated.
[0012]
The operation amount integrating unit 3 integrates the operation amount (Yn) calculated by the control calculation unit 2 and outputs an integrated operation amount (sYn). The comparison determination unit 4 compares the integrated operation amount (sYn) with a preset minimum operation amount (Hn), and when the integrated operation amount (sYn) exceeds the minimum operation amount (Hn) or a predetermined long period. When the control cycle of the TL has arrived, the guidance output is instructed.
[0013]
Upon receiving the guidance output instruction, the guidance output unit 5 outputs message data for instructing each operation means to perform the operation of the integrated operation amount (sYn). The display unit 6 displays message data output from the guidance output unit 5. The switch 7 switches the signal output system when the operation amount (Yn) calculated by the control calculation unit 2 is directly output to the operation means.
[0014]
With the above configuration, as shown in FIG. 2, the control calculation unit 2 calculates the operation amount (Yn) by comparing the process value of each operation item n and the control target value for each short period TS (one minute). I do. This manipulated variable takes a negative value if the process value is excessive, and takes a positive value if the process value is too small. Therefore, the integrated manipulated variable (sYn) obtained by integrating the manipulated variable (Yn) in the manipulated variable accumulator 3 becomes a value that increases or decreases in each control cycle, and the integrated manipulated variable (sYn) is a small value of the operating condition of the plant. It is an index that shows long-term trends in driving conditions while absorbing short-term fluctuations.
[0015]
The comparison determination unit 4 compares and determines the integrated operation amount (sYn) and the minimum operation amount (Hn), and instructs the guidance output unit 5 to output guidance. Since this minimum operation amount (Hn) is the minimum operation amount operated in the manual operation control of the plant, when the integrated operation amount (sYn) exceeds the minimum operation amount (Hn), or when the predetermined long period TL is controlled. When the cycle has arrived, the display means 6 displays as a message that a state requiring the operation of the integrated manipulated variable (sYn) has appeared as a message, so that the operator can operate each operating means in the control cycle of the long cycle TL. Can be adjusted at an appropriate time even for a sudden change in the operating condition in the short cycle TS. The guidance output unit 5 outputs message data to the display unit 6 and initializes the value of the manipulated variable integrating unit 3.
[0016]
By operating the switch 7 to switch the signal output system, the operation amount (Yn) calculated by the control operation unit 2 can be directly output to the operation means, and can be automatically controlled in the short control cycle TS. Automatic control and manual operation control can be easily switched by operating the switch 7.
[0017]
【The invention's effect】
As described above, according to the present invention, it is necessary to operate the integrated operation amount when the integrated operation amount exceeds the minimum operation amount of the manual operation control or when a predetermined long control cycle has arrived. Is transmitted to the operator as a message, the setting of the operating means can be adjusted in a long control cycle, and the setting can be adjusted at an appropriate time even for a sudden change in the operating condition. To change the criterion for guidance output, it is only necessary to adjust and change the minimum operation amount, and it is not necessary to change the calculation cycle or the control rule again. Operation can be performed independently for each operation item, and guidance can be output and guidance can be adjusted for only those that are needed at any timing.
[Brief description of the drawings]
FIG. 1 is a block diagram showing a driving support device according to an embodiment of the present invention.
FIG. 2 is a flowchart showing processing in a control cycle according to the embodiment.
[Explanation of symbols]
DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1 Driving assistance device 2 Control calculation part 3 Manipulation amount accumulation part 4 Comparison judgment part 5 Guidance output part 6 Display means 7 Switch

Claims (1)

センサー手段によって計測した制御量のプロセス値に基づいて運転状況を認知するとともに、プロセス値を制御目標値に近づけるに必要な操作手段の操作量を判断し、操作手段を所定の長周期の制御周期で手動操作制御するプラントにおいて運転を支援する装置であって、
センサー手段で計測するプロセス値を所定の短周期の制御周期で取り込み、プロセス値と予め設定する制御目標値とを比較してその偏差を調整するに必要な操作手段の操作量を算出する制御演算部と、この算出した操作量を積算する操作量積算部と、この積算した積算操作量と予め設定する最低操作量とを比較し、積算操作量が最低操作量を超えた時、もしくは所定の長周期の制御周期が到来した時にガイダンスの出力を指示する比較判断部と、ガイダンスの出力指示を受けて、操作手段において当該積算操作量の操作を行なうべきことを指示するメッセージデータを出力するガイダンス出力部と、ガイダンス出力部から出力するメッセージデータを表示する表示手段とを備えたことを特徴とするプラントの運転支援装置。
The operating condition is recognized based on the process value of the control amount measured by the sensor means, and the operation amount of the operating means necessary to bring the process value close to the control target value is determined. A device that supports operation in a plant that is manually controlled by a device,
A control operation that captures the process value measured by the sensor means at a predetermined short control cycle, compares the process value with a preset control target value, and calculates the operation amount of the operation means necessary to adjust the deviation. Unit, an operation amount integrating unit that integrates the calculated operation amount, and compares the integrated operation amount with a preset minimum operation amount. When the integrated operation amount exceeds the minimum operation amount, A comparison / judgment unit that instructs output of guidance when a long control cycle has arrived, and a guidance that receives a guidance output instruction and outputs message data that instructs the operation means to operate the integrated operation amount. An operation support device for a plant, comprising: an output unit; and display means for displaying message data output from the guidance output unit.
JP24809699A 1999-09-02 1999-09-02 Plant operation support equipment Expired - Fee Related JP3592150B2 (en)

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JP2010176700A (en) * 2004-11-05 2010-08-12 Hitachi Ltd Remote trial operation support system, monitoring center computer, monitoring system, and method of instructing adjustment in trial operation
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