JP3590951B2 - Method for producing ground soybeans and food containing soybeans - Google Patents
Method for producing ground soybeans and food containing soybeans Download PDFInfo
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Description
【0001】
【発明の属する技術分野】
本発明は、大豆粉砕物の製造方法及び大豆含有食品に関するものである。
【0002】
【従来の技術及び発明が解決しようとする課題】
近年、食料自給率向上の為、転作田を利用しての大豆の生産が実施され、よって、大豆生産量が増大しており、その為、豆腐,味噌,納豆等の他に、大豆の新規用途の開拓が重要な課題となっている。
【0003】
しかし、大豆には種々の問題点があり、現状では新規用途(新規食品)の開発はなかなか進んでいない。
【0004】
例えば、一般的な大豆にはリポキシゲナーゼ(酵素)が含まれ、このリポキシゲナーゼによって生成される物質に起因する独特の青臭さが存在し、この青臭さが新規食品の開発を妨げている。具体的には、豆乳を製造する場合、大豆を磨砕し易いように水に浸漬して大豆を吸水膨張せしめ、その後に大豆を磨砕して液状とし、この液体を加熱処理している。しかし、大豆を水に浸漬すると前記リポキシゲナーゼが活性化して青臭さの原因物質が生成されてしまい、製造される豆乳は青臭くなってしまう。
【0005】
また例えば、特開平11−253095号のように、パンの製造方法において、豆乳(大豆を水に浸漬して吸水させたものを磨砕して得た大豆乳液)を添加する技術が提案されているが、中種法以外の製造方法では、豆乳中のなんらかの成分若しくは酵素が小麦粉のグルテンの形成を阻害する為、製造されるパンにボソボソ感が残るという問題点があり、実用性が乏しく、また、この用途にも青臭さの問題は残る。
【0006】
よって、業界においては、青臭さがなく、大豆を豆乳以外のより一層利用し易い形態へと変える製造方法が要望されている。
【0007】
本発明は、上記要望を達成するもので、大豆特有の青臭さが生じることを可及的に防止し、且つ、幅広い用途への大豆の使用を可能にする技術を提供するものである。
【0008】
【課題を解決するための手段】
【0009】
本発明の要旨を説明する。
【0010】
収穫後、乾燥処理が施され、水分が10〜15%(重量)である水に浸漬されていない大豆を熱水蒸気中に5分〜15分保持して大豆中の蛋白質に熱変性を生じさせるとともにリポキシゲナーゼを失活させ、続いて、この熱水蒸気中に5分〜15分保持した大豆から該熱水蒸気による加熱中に吸水した分量に相当する水分を蒸発させ、続いて、この乾燥した大豆を気流粉砕することで大豆粉砕物を得ることを特徴とする大豆粉砕物の製造方法に係るものである。
【0011】
また、請求項1記載の大豆粉砕物の製造方法により得られた大豆粉砕物が含有されていることを特徴とする大豆含有食品に係るものである。
【0012】
【発明の作用及び効果】
大豆にはリポキシゲナーゼ(酵素)が含まれており、大豆を水に浸漬したりすると該リポキシゲナーゼが活性化され、大豆特有の青臭さの原因物質を生成する。また、このリポキシゲナーゼは熱に弱いという性質を有している。
【0013】
本発明は、大豆を水に浸漬することなく熱湯に数分以上浸漬したり、熱水蒸気中に数分以上保持したりするから、上記大豆の青臭さの原因物質を生成するリポキシゲナーゼが活性化することなく失活し、大豆から青臭さが生じることが防止される。
【0014】
即ち、大豆を水に浸漬して吸水させた後に該大豆を熱湯に浸漬したり熱水蒸気中に保持してもリポキシゲナーゼは失活するが、この場合は、前記吸水の段階でリポキシゲナーゼが活性化し、このリポキシゲナーゼの作用により青臭さの要因となる物質が生成されてしまう為、完璧な青臭さの解消はできない。しかし、本発明は、大豆を水に浸漬することなく、熱湯や熱水蒸気によってリポキシゲナーゼを失活しているから、大豆や大豆粉砕物から青臭さが生じることが完全に防止される。
【0015】
また、このリポキシゲナーゼを失活させる為の処理は、熱湯若しくは熱水蒸気によって行うから、例えば炒ったり焼いたりする直火加熱手段とは異なり、熱水分が大豆の内部まで良好に浸透し、リポキシゲナーゼの失活が確実且つ迅速に行われる。
【0016】
また、前記熱湯中に数分以上浸漬したり、熱水蒸気中に数分以上保持したりした大豆を、水に浸漬した後に磨砕若しくは破砕して得た大豆磨砕液若しくは大豆破砕液は、既存の豆乳のような固形分(大豆に由来するもの)と液分とが容易には分離しないものではなく、該大豆磨砕液中(若しくは大豆破砕液中)の固形分が容易に沈殿する等、固形分と液分とが容易に分離するものとなり、液分を除去した濃縮状態での使用も可能になる等、汎用性も期待される。
【0017】
本発明は上述のようにするから、大豆特有の青臭さが発生せず、且つ、幅広い用途への大豆の使用が可能な実用性に秀れた技術となる。
【0018】
【発明の実施の形態】
本発明の実施例について、以下に説明する。
【0019】
第一実施例
容器に水を入れ、該容器を加熱して得た熱湯中に大豆を投入し、数分間浸漬することで大豆を熱湯処理する。
【0020】
使用する大豆は、外観的品質から黒目大豆より白目大豆が適している。この白目大豆は、例えば新潟県産大豆であるエンレイを使用する。
【0021】
この白目大豆とは、大豆の種皮の一部分である臍(へそ:hilum)の色が白いもののことである。この臍の色には、白,茶,黒等があり、この臍が目に見えることから、大豆関連の用語として一般的に使用されており、原料選択の目安となっている。尚、豆腐の製造の際には、この臍はオカラとして残り、豆乳には含まれない為、黒目大豆も使用されている。
【0022】
この大豆には水浸漬処理等を施さず、市販の状態(収穫後、乾燥処理が施された状態)そのままで熱湯中に投入される。この大豆には、水分が10乃至15%(重量)程含まれている。
【0023】
熱湯は、90℃以上の熱湯、好ましくは煮沸状態の熱湯(1気圧の場合、100℃)を採用すると良い。
【0024】
大豆を熱湯に浸漬する時間は、大豆中に含まれるリポキシゲナーゼを完全に失活させる為に5分以上に設定すると良い。
【0025】
尚、大豆を熱湯に長時間浸漬すると大豆が煮えてしまい、保存性の点に問題が発生する為、この熱湯に浸漬する時間は15分以下が良い。
【0026】
熱湯処理された大豆は、そのまま粉砕して大豆粉砕物の状態としたり、また、豆乳のように水(冷水)に浸漬して吸水軟化させた後に磨砕若しくは破砕によって大豆磨砕液若しくは大豆破砕液の状態としたりした後、食品若しくは食品の原料に混合せしめて使用する。
【0027】
熱湯処理された大豆から大豆粉砕物を得る際には、該熱湯処理された大豆を一旦乾燥して余分な水分を除去することで大豆に含まれる水分が20%(重量)以下とした後に粉砕を行っても良い。
【0028】
大豆磨砕液若しくは大豆破砕液を得る為に大豆を水に浸漬する場合、大豆重量が吸水によって5乃至6倍の重量となるようにする。
【0029】
尚、前記大豆を熱湯に浸漬する時間を延長することで、前記水に浸漬する工程を削減できるようにも考えられるが、この場合、前記大豆が煮えるという問題や、また、水に浸漬する時間が1晩等の長時間となる為、この長時間に亙って熱湯を使用することは熱エネルギーの観点からも無駄であり、よって、熱湯への浸漬はリポキシゲナーゼの失活の為、水への浸漬は、大豆の軟化の為と、工程を分離した方が良い。
【0030】
磨砕は、グラインダー等を使用して行う。また、破砕は、ジューサーミキサーやカッターミキサー等を使用して行う。
【0031】
この大豆粉砕物や大豆磨砕液や大豆破砕液は、大豆特有の青臭さが存在せず、風味の秀れたものとなり、既存の食品や食品原料にそのまま混合することができる。
【0032】
また、大豆磨砕液や大豆破砕液は、従来の豆乳とは異なり、下記の性質を有している。
【0033】
従来の豆乳は、脂肪や蛋白質等の栄養分がコロイド状の微粒子となって水中に均一且つ安定状態で分散しており(乳化状態)、固形分(栄養分=大豆に由来するもの)と液分(水浸漬処理によって大豆に加えられる水分がメイン)とが分離しにくく、濃縮(栄養分の濃度の増加)が困難である。従って、従来の豆乳は、製造された豆乳がそのまま使用されており、豆乳に含まれる大豆由来の栄養分の濃度が低いと言わざるを得ない。
【0034】
一方、第一実施例の大豆磨砕液や大豆破砕液は、静置等の簡易な手段によって固形分が容易に沈殿現象を起こし、乳化現象は認められない。従って、この大豆磨砕液や大豆破砕液からの液分の除去は容易であり、栄養分の濃度を増加させる為の濃縮を容易に行うことができ、固形分濃度を10%(重量)以上とすることもできる。即ち、第一実施例の大豆磨砕液や大豆破砕液によれば、濃縮後に食品や食品原料に混合することで、大豆の栄養分が高濃度で含まれた食品が得られることになる。
【0035】
また、従来の豆乳は、大豆を水に浸漬した後に磨砕若しくは粉砕することで製造されるが、この粉砕処理の際に泡立ち現象が発生し、この泡が食品や食品原料への混合の際に問題となる。
【0036】
一方、第一実施例の大豆磨砕液や大豆破砕液は、磨砕や粉砕の際に泡立ち現象は殆ど認められず、前記泡の問題は発生しない。
【0037】
また、第一実施例の大豆磨砕液や大豆破砕液は、従来の豆乳に比して粘性が低いという性質も有している。
【0038】
このような性質の相違の為か、第一実施例により得られた大豆磨砕液や大豆破砕液をパンの生地に混合してパンを製造したところ、前記特開平11−253095号のような中種法という製造方法にとらわれず、一般的なパンの製造方法であるストレート法でも食感に秀れたおいしいパンを製造できることが確認されている。
【0039】
しかも、このパンには、小麦粉に対して原料大豆換算で10乃至15%(重量)の大豆を添加することができ、これにより大豆に含まれる蛋白質等によってアミノ酸スコアが高くなったり、大豆に含まれる多糖類によってパン生地の吸水性及び製品パンの水分を高めることが可能となり、軟らかく弾力性に富み、口溶けがよく、硬化が遅く日持ちの良いパンが得られる。例えば、学校給食パンにあってはこれまでの前日焼きのパンを供給した場合でも当日焼きのパンと同等、若しくはそれ以上の品質のパンを提供できる。
【0040】
この従来の豆乳と第一実施例の大豆磨砕液や大豆破砕液との性質の相違は、大豆や大豆粉砕物の熱湯処理の際、大豆の蛋白質等が熱変性を起こすことにより発生するのではないかと推測される。
【0041】
第一実施例は上述のようにするから、大豆特有の青臭さが防止されて幅広い食品に混合することが可能となり、しかも、食品や食品原料に混合した際には風味を損なわずに該食品に大豆の栄養分を付与することができる実用性に秀れた大豆の処理方法となる。
【0042】
また、大豆を液状化する際に必要な水に浸漬する工程を行う前に大豆の青臭さの原因物質を生成するリポキシゲナーゼを失活させるから、この点においても大豆の青臭さを防止することができる。
【0043】
また、大豆磨砕液や大豆破砕液とした場合、濃縮によって栄養分を増加することができ、この濃縮された大豆磨砕液や大豆破砕液を食品や食品原料に混合することで少量の混合割合であっても食品に含まれる大豆由来の栄養分を高濃度にすることができる等、この点においても実用性に秀れることになる。
【0044】
尚、第一実施例は大豆をそのまま熱湯に浸漬する場合を説明したが、例えば、大豆を粉砕した大豆粉砕物を熱湯に浸漬する場合でも同様である。
【0045】
第二実施例
第一実施例と同様であるが、大豆を熱湯に浸漬する代わりに熱水蒸気中に保持する方法を採用する。
【0046】
熱水蒸気に保持する工程は、例えば、蒸し器に大豆を入れて蒸すことにより行う。この蒸し器中の蒸気は、気圧(圧力)によっても多少変わるが、約90〜120℃である。
【0047】
また、大豆を熱水蒸気中に保持する時間は、大豆中に含まれるリポキシゲナーゼを完全に失活させる為に5分以上に設定すると良い。
【0048】
また、その余は第一実施例と同様である。
【0049】
以下、第一実施例及び第二実施例の作用効果を裏付ける実験例について詳述する。
【0050】
実験例1
酵素失活の為の適正な加熱条件を把握する為、直径26センチメートルのアルミ鍋に水5リットルを入れて沸騰させた中へ新潟県産白目大豆(エンレイ)250gを投入し、1分間隔で10分まで加熱実験を行い、冷水中で冷却後、手で擦り合わせながら種皮を除去し、更に、別の容器に移して大豆重量の5倍量の水を加え、一晩浸漬した。
【0051】
得られたものについて、青臭さの有無及び水分の変化を調べた。その結果、下記表1に示したとおり5分以上の加熱で青臭さが消失することが明らかとなった。
【0052】
【表1】
【0053】
実験例2
実験例1と同様の手順により、水に浸漬する工程を施した大豆を製造し、続いて、容量2リットルのジューサーミキサーに浸け水と共に移し、4分間破砕処理を行って大豆破砕液「1」を得た。尚、加熱時間は、リポキシゲナーゼを完全に失活できるように7分に設定した。
【0054】
得られた大豆破砕液「1」は、青臭さは全く感じられなかった。また、豆腐製造や一般的に行われている生の大豆を水浸けしたものを破砕したものでは、著しい泡立ち現象が認められたが、実験例2では泡立ちは全く認められず、効率よく破砕できることが特徴的であった。また、大豆破砕液「1」を直接口に含んだ場合、コクと旨味のある秀れた味覚の破砕液であることが明らかとなった。
【0055】
実験例3
前記実験例2と同様に、加熱処理した大豆を剥皮(種皮を除去)することなく5倍量の水で一晩浸漬し、以後実験例2と同様に処理して大豆破砕液「2」を得た。
【0056】
得られた大豆破砕液「2」は、大豆破砕液「1」に比べ僅かに粘性が高いように見受けられたものの、青臭さは全く感じられなかった。また、大豆破砕液「2」を直接口に含んだ場合、大豆破砕液「1」と同様、コクと旨味のある秀れた味覚の破砕液であることが明らかとなった。
【0057】
実験例4
白目大豆の代わりに青大豆(全体が青い大豆)を用いて前記実験例2及び実験例3と同様の方法により大豆破砕液「青」を製造したところ、青臭さは全く感じられず、緑色を呈し、青大豆の特徴が生かされた大豆破砕液が得られた。
【0058】
また、大豆破砕液「青」を直接口に含んだ場合、大豆破砕液「1」や大豆破砕液「2」と同様、コクと旨味のある秀れた味覚の破砕液であることが明らかとなった。
【0059】
実験例5
予め適当な剥皮装置を用いて剥皮処理を行った大豆を蒸し器中で10分間保持する加熱処理を行って酵素(リポキシゲナーゼ等)を失活し、冷水中で冷却後、手で擦り合わせながら種皮を除去し、更に、別の容器に移して大豆重量の5倍量の水を加え、一晩浸漬した。
【0060】
得られたものについて、青臭さの有無及び水分の変化を調べた。その結果、下記表2に示したとおり、実験例1と同様に5分以上の加熱で青臭さが消失することが明らかとなった。
【0061】
【表2】
【0062】
実験例6
予め適当な剥皮装置を用いて剥皮処理を行った大豆を蒸し器中で10分間保持する加熱処理を行い、加熱中に吸水した分量に相当する水分を乾燥機で蒸発させた後、躍進機械株式会社製気流粉砕機(ローター直径18センチメートルを用い8000rpmで粉砕し、加熱大豆粉末「1」を得た。
【0063】
得られた加熱大豆粉末「1」は、青臭さは全く感じられず、きめ細かく黄色を呈するものであった。なお、実験例6では、原料大豆の臍部の色(白目大豆、黒目大豆)に左右されることなく、子葉部の鮮明な色調の粉末が得られることも特徴的であった。
【0064】
実験例7
大豆として新潟県産エンレイを用い、剥皮することなく前記実験例6と同様に直接蒸気加熱、乾燥を行って粉砕し、加熱大豆粉末「2」を得た。
【0065】
得られた加熱大豆粉末「2」は、実験例6に比べ僅かにくすんだ黄色を呈するものの、青臭さは全く感じられなかった。但し、黒目大豆を用いた場合は外観が黒ずんだ粉末が得られることから、外観的品質からは前記エンレイのような白目大豆が好ましいと判断された。
【0066】
実験例8
実験例2,実験例3,実験例6及び実験例7において得られた大豆破砕液や、加熱大豆粉末の水に混合した懸濁液の沈殿物量を従来の豆乳と比較する実験を行った。この実験によれば、実験例2,実験例3,実験例6及び実験例7の大豆の処理方法により得られたものは、従来の豆乳に比べ、固形分が容易に沈殿することが明確に確認された。また、大豆破砕液及び加熱大豆粉末は略同様の性質を有することも確認された。
【0067】
実験例9
市販強力小麦粉100部(実質1.5キログラム)に対し、食塩1.8部、砂糖5部、ドライイースト2部、実験例2及び実験例3により調製した大豆破砕液「1」若しくは大豆破砕液「2」をそれぞれ80部(原料大豆換算で約13部)、及びショートニング6部の原料配合によりストレート法でパンを製造した。尚、生地の分割は100gとし、球形に成型して焼成した。また、比較対照として大豆破砕液「1」及び大豆破砕液「2」の代わりに水62部を用いたものも製造した。
【0068】
この実験例9は、生地の仕込みから焼成までは通常のパン製造と何ら変わりなく作業することが可能で、特別な工夫を要する箇所は見当たらなかった。また、実験例2及び3で調製した大豆破砕液を添加することにより、小麦粉に対する加水量が7乃至8%に上昇した。
【0069】
更に、出来上がったパンは、外観,内相とも対照区と差はなく、良好な品質を有すると共に、特にソフトで弾力性に富み、圧縮復元性が高く、食味的にはしっとり感が強く、口どけがよく、硬化が遅いなど、これまでにない秀れた特性を兼ね備えていた。
【0070】
更に、大豆破砕液「1」(種皮無)と大豆破砕液「2」(種皮有)無の比較では、種皮を除去したものに比べ種皮付きのものを用いたものの方が、内相の色調がややくすんだ色調を呈したが、その他の特性には差は認められなかった。これに対し、比較対照として生大豆を直接水に浸漬した後破砕した破砕液を加えて製造したパンは、青臭さが著しく強く食用とはならなかった。
【0071】
尚、大豆破砕液添加パンの水分測定結果及び圧縮復元性測定結果を表3及び表4に示した。
【0072】
【表3】
【0073】
【表4】
【0074】
実験例10
市販強力小麦粉100部(実質1.5キログラム)に対し、食塩、砂糖、イースト、ショートニングを前記実験例9と同様の原料配合とし、更に、前記実験例6及び実験例7で調製した加熱大豆粉末を5部間隔で20部まで添加し、ストレート法によりパンを製造した。
【0075】
この際の加水量は、加熱大豆粉末添加量が5部増すごとに3部増すことにより適度な物性のパン生地となる。即ち、この方法により、大豆無添加の加水量63部に対し、加熱大豆粉末10部の添加で69部、加熱大豆粉末20部の添加で75部となり、生地の物性に影響されることなく水分を多く含ませることが可能となる。
【0076】
実験例10で製造したパンの品質は、加熱大豆粉末20部添加のパンであっても外観,内相とも無添加区と遜色がなく、なめらかな食感で違和感がなく、加熱大豆粉末15部添加までは大豆臭や味が全く感じられず、パン本来の香味を有するパンが得られた。また、加熱大豆粉末20部添加では僅かに大豆の味が感じられた。
【0077】
実験例11:小麦粉100部(実質200グラム)に対し、加熱大豆粉末10部、水37部、砂糖80部、膨張剤2部の配合により饅頭生地を調製し、生地15グラムで30グラムの餡を包餡した後、蒸し器で15分間蒸して饅頭を製造した。また、比較対照用として、加熱大豆粉末を無添加とし、且つ、生地の加水量を33部とした饅頭も製造した。
【0078】
加熱大豆粉末を添加した饅頭は、無添加に比べ吸水性が増し、また、製品に異臭は全く無く、しっとり感が強く日持ちの秀れた製品となった。
【0079】
尚、実験例10及び実施例11で使用した加熱大豆粉末は、粉砕後、黒いビニール袋に入れて室温(15乃至25℃)中で3ヶ月間放置したものを用いたが、加熱大豆粉末,パン及び饅頭のいずれもは酸化臭は全く感じられず、加熱大豆粉末の保存性が高いことが証明された。
【0080】
実験例12
正味重量としての全卵100部(実質600グラム)、上白糖50部、トレハロース30部をケーキミサーのボウルに入れ、ホイッパーで比重0.30前後まで泡立て(途中で水6部を加えた)、薄力小麦粉60部及び実験例6で調製した加熱大豆粉末「1」を対小麦粉10%となるように混合して比重を0.50±0.02に調整してバッターを得、このバッターを直径18センチメートルケーキ型に流し、180℃のオーブンで30分焼成してスポンジケーキを製造した。比較対照区は、水及び大豆粉末を除いた配合により製造した。
【0081】
実験例12で製造した大豆入りスポンジケーキは、対照区に比べ浮き,内相のキメとも良好で、食感はソフトでしっとり感が強く日持ちの秀れたものとなった。
【0082】
実験例13
出願人の先願に係る特許第3076552号により得られた米粉(小麦粉の代替品となる米粉。米粉をペクチナーゼが混合された有機酸水溶液により処理することで得られる)100部に対し、食塩、砂糖、イースト、ショートニングを前記実験例9と同様に配合し、更に前記実験例2で調製した大豆破砕液「1」90部を添加し、ストレート法により米パンを製造した。
【0083】
得られた大豆入りの米パンは、外観、内相とも良好で、しっとり感が強く、日持ちの秀れたものであった。
【0084】
実験例14
青大豆を沸騰水中で10分間加熱し、水冷、剥皮、水浸け、水切りの順に処理を行い、続いて乾燥大豆と同重量の砂糖及び少量の水を加えて沸騰加熱させ、砂糖を大豆組織中に含浸させた後、カッターミキサーを用いて3mm大の大豆組織が残存するように破砕した。この破砕大豆を冷却・ホイップしたアイスクリームの原料混合物100部に対して15部添加してカップに充填後、凍結し、大豆入りアイスクリームを製造した。
【0085】
得られたアイスクリームは、旨みとザクザクした咀嚼感を有し、大豆の特徴を十分発揮させるものであった。[0001]
TECHNICAL FIELD OF THE INVENTION
TECHNICAL FIELD The present invention relates to a method for producing a ground soybean product and a soybean-containing food.
[0002]
Problems to be solved by the prior art and the invention
In recent years, soybean production has been carried out using re-cropping fields in order to improve the food self-sufficiency rate, and as a result, soybean production has increased. Therefore, in addition to tofu, miso, natto, etc. Development of applications is an important issue.
[0003]
However, soybeans have various problems, and at present, development of new uses (new foods) has not been progressed easily.
[0004]
For example, common soybeans contain lipoxygenases (enzymes), and there is a unique blue odor due to the substances produced by the lipoxygenase, which hinders the development of new foods. Specifically, when producing soymilk, soybeans are immersed in water so that the soybeans are easily crushed so that the soybeans absorb and expand, and then the soybeans are crushed into a liquid state, and the liquid is heated. However, when soybeans are immersed in water, the lipoxygenase is activated and a causative substance of blue odor is generated, so that the soy milk produced becomes blue odor.
[0005]
For example, as disclosed in Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. H11-253095, a technique for adding soymilk (soybean milk obtained by immersing soybeans in water and absorbing water) in a method for producing bread has been proposed. However, in the production method other than the sponge method, there is a problem in that some components or enzymes in soy milk inhibit the formation of gluten in the flour, so that the produced bread has a problem that the bread has a feeling of discomfort, and the practicality is poor, Also, the problem of green odor remains in this application.
[0006]
Therefore, in the industry, there is no grassy smell, soybean production how the Ru transformed into more use easily form other than soy milk has been demanded.
[0007]
The present invention achieves the above-mentioned demands, and provides a technique for preventing the occurrence of a soybean-specific green odor as much as possible and enabling the use of soybean for a wide range of uses.
[0008]
[Means for Solving the Problems]
[0009]
The gist of the present invention will be described.
[0010]
After the harvest, the soybean which has been subjected to a drying treatment and has not been immersed in water having a water content of 10 to 15% (weight) is kept in hot steam for 5 to 15 minutes to cause heat denaturation of the protein in the soybean. And inactivate lipoxygenase, and then evaporate water corresponding to the amount absorbed during heating with the hot steam from the soybeans held in the hot steam for 5 to 15 minutes. those relating to the manufacturing method of the soybean crushed product, characterized in that to obtain a soybean crushed product by airflow crushing.
[0011]
Further, it relates to a soy-containing food, characterized in that soy pulverized product more obtained in the production method of claim 1 soy pulverized described are contained.
[0012]
Function and effect of the present invention
Soybeans contain lipoxygenase (enzyme), and when soybeans are immersed in water, the lipoxygenase is activated to produce a soybean-specific causative agent of green odor. In addition, this lipoxygenase has a property of being weak to heat.
[0013]
In the present invention, soybeans are immersed in hot water for several minutes or more without being immersed in water, or are kept in hot steam for several minutes, so that the lipoxygenase that generates the causative substance of the soybean odor is activated. Soybeans are prevented from generating a green odor.
[0014]
That is, the lipoxygenase is inactivated even if the soybean is immersed in water to absorb water and then immersed in hot water or kept in hot steam, but the lipoxygenase is inactivated.In this case, the lipoxygenase is activated in the water absorption step, The action of the lipoxygenase generates a substance that causes a green odor, and thus it is not possible to completely eliminate the green odor. However, in the present invention, lipoxygenase is inactivated by hot water or hot steam without immersing soybeans in water, so that generation of blue odor from soybeans or ground soybeans is completely prevented.
[0015]
In addition, since the treatment for inactivating the lipoxygenase is performed with hot water or hot steam, unlike, for example, a direct-heat heating means such as roasting or baking, the hot moisture penetrates well into the inside of the soybean, and the lipoxygenase is removed. Deactivation is performed reliably and quickly.
[0016]
Also, soybeans immersed in the hot water for several minutes or more, or soybeans kept in hot steam for several minutes or more, soybean crushed liquid or soybean crushed liquid obtained by immersion in water and then grinding or crushing are already used. Soy milk-like solids (derived from soybeans) and liquids are not easily separated from each other, and solids in the soybean milled liquid (or soybean crushed liquid) are easily precipitated, etc. The versatility is expected, for example, solids and liquids can be easily separated, and it is possible to use them in a concentrated state from which liquids have been removed.
[0017]
As described above, the present invention does not generate a soybean-specific blue odor, and is a technology excellent in practicality that can use soybean for a wide range of uses.
[0018]
BEST MODE FOR CARRYING OUT THE INVENTION
Embodiments of the present invention will be described below.
[0019]
In the container of the first embodiment, water is poured, soybeans are put into boiling water obtained by heating the container, and the soybeans are immersed for several minutes to be treated with boiling water.
[0020]
As the soybean to be used, white-eye soybean is more suitable than black-eye soybean in terms of appearance quality. The white eye soybean uses, for example, Enrei which is a soybean produced in Niigata Prefecture.
[0021]
The white-eyed soybeans are those in which the color of the navel, which is a part of the soybean seed coat, is white. The color of the navel includes white, brown, black, and the like, and since the navel is visible, it is commonly used as a term related to soybeans and serves as a guide for selecting raw materials. In the production of tofu, this navel remains as okara and is not included in soy milk, so black soybeans are also used.
[0022]
This soybean is not subjected to a water immersion treatment or the like, but is put into hot water as it is in a commercially available state (a state after a harvest and a drying treatment). This soybean contains about 10 to 15% (by weight) of water.
[0023]
As the hot water, hot water of 90 ° C. or more, preferably boiling hot water (100 ° C. at 1 atm) is preferably used.
[0024]
The time for immersing soybeans in boiling water is preferably set to 5 minutes or more in order to completely inactivate lipoxygenase contained in soybeans.
[0025]
When soybeans are immersed in boiling water for a long time, the soybeans boil, causing a problem in storage stability. Therefore, the immersion time in the boiling water is preferably 15 minutes or less.
[0026]
The soybean that has been treated with boiling water is crushed as it is to obtain a crushed soybean, or immersed in water (cold water) as in soymilk, softened by absorbing water, and then ground or crushed soybean crushed liquid or soybean crushed liquid. And then mixed with food or food ingredients for use.
[0027]
When obtaining a soybean pulverized product from soybean subjected to boiling water treatment, the soybean treated with the boiling water is once dried to remove excess water to reduce the water content in the soybean to 20% (weight) or less, and then pulverized. May be performed.
[0028]
When soybeans are immersed in water to obtain a soybean crushed liquid or a soybean crushed liquid, the weight of the soybeans is adjusted to 5 to 6 times by water absorption.
[0029]
Incidentally, by extending the time for immersing the soybeans in boiling water, it is conceivable that the step of immersing the soybeans in the water can be reduced.In this case, however, the problem that the soybeans are boiled or the time for immersion in water is considered. The use of boiling water for a long period of time is useless from the viewpoint of thermal energy. Therefore, immersion in boiling water causes the inactivation of lipoxygenase, so It is better to separate the process for soaking soybeans and for softening soybeans.
[0030]
Grinding is performed using a grinder or the like. The crushing is performed using a juicer mixer, a cutter mixer, or the like.
[0031]
The soybean crushed material, the soybean crushed liquid and the soybean crushed liquid do not have a soybean-specific blue odor and have an excellent flavor, and can be directly mixed with existing foods and food ingredients.
[0032]
Further, the soybean crushed liquid and the soybean crushed liquid have the following properties, unlike conventional soymilk.
[0033]
In conventional soymilk, nutrients such as fats and proteins are dispersed in water in a uniform and stable state as colloidal fine particles (emulsified state), and solids (nutrients = those derived from soybean) and liquids ( Water added to the soybean by the water immersion treatment is not easily separated from the soybean, and it is difficult to concentrate (increase the concentration of nutrients). Therefore, in the conventional soymilk, the produced soymilk is used as it is, and the concentration of soybean-derived nutrients contained in the soymilk must be low.
[0034]
On the other hand, in the soybean crushed liquid and the soybean crushed liquid of the first embodiment, the solid content easily causes sedimentation by simple means such as standing, and no emulsification phenomenon is observed. Therefore, it is easy to remove the liquid component from the soybean crushed liquid or the soybean crushed liquid, the concentration for increasing the concentration of nutrients can be easily performed, and the solid concentration is set to 10% (weight) or more. You can also. That is, according to the soybean crushed liquid or the soybean crushed liquid of the first embodiment, a food containing a high concentration of soybean nutrients can be obtained by mixing it with food or food raw material after concentration.
[0035]
In addition, conventional soymilk is produced by immersing soybeans in water and then grinding or pulverizing them.A foaming phenomenon occurs during the pulverization process, and this foam is mixed with food and food ingredients. Is a problem.
[0036]
On the other hand, the soybean crushed liquid and the soybean crushed liquid of the first embodiment hardly show a bubbling phenomenon at the time of grinding and pulverization, and the problem of the foam does not occur.
[0037]
Further, the soybean crushed liquid and the soybean crushed liquid of the first embodiment also have a property of lower viscosity than conventional soymilk.
[0038]
Because of such a difference in properties, when the soybean crushed liquid or the soybean crushed liquid obtained in the first example was mixed with bread dough to produce bread, the bread was manufactured as described in JP-A-11-253095. It has been confirmed that delicious bread with excellent texture can be produced by the straight method, which is a general method for producing bread, regardless of the production method called the seed method.
[0039]
In addition, soybeans can be added to this bread in an amount of 10 to 15% (by weight) in terms of raw soybeans relative to flour, thereby increasing the amino acid score due to the protein and the like contained in the soybeans, The resulting polysaccharide makes it possible to increase the water absorption of the dough and the moisture of the product bread, and it is possible to obtain a bread that is soft and elastic, has good melting in the mouth, has a slow curing, and has a long shelf life. For example, in the case of school lunch bread, even if the previous day's bread is supplied, bread of the same or higher quality as the day's bread can be provided.
[0040]
The difference in properties between the conventional soymilk and the soybean crushed liquid or the soybean crushed liquid of the first embodiment is caused by heat denaturation of soybean proteins and the like during the boiling water treatment of soybeans and crushed soybeans. It is speculated that there is not.
[0041]
Since the first embodiment is as described above, the blue odor peculiar to soybean is prevented, and it is possible to mix it with a wide range of foods, and when mixed with foods and food ingredients, the foods can be mixed without impairing the flavor. This is a practical method of soybean that can provide nutrients to soybeans with excellent practicality.
[0042]
In addition, before performing the step of immersing the soybeans in the water required for liquefaction, the lipoxygenase that generates the causative substance of the soybean odor is inactivated, so in this respect it is also possible to prevent the soybean odor. it can.
[0043]
In addition, when soybean crushed liquid or soybean crushed liquid is used, nutrients can be increased by concentration, and by mixing this concentrated soybean crushed liquid or soybean crushed liquid with food or food ingredients, a small mixing ratio can be obtained. Even in this respect, the soybean-derived nutrients contained in the food can be made to have a high concentration.
[0044]
Although the first embodiment has described the case where soybeans are immersed in boiling water as it is, the same applies to the case where, for example, crushed soybeans obtained by crushing soybeans are immersed in boiling water.
[0045]
Second Embodiment Similar to the first embodiment, but employs a method of holding soybeans in hot steam instead of dipping it in boiling water.
[0046]
The step of maintaining the hot steam is performed, for example, by putting soybeans in a steamer and steaming. The steam in the steamer is about 90 to 120 ° C., although it varies somewhat depending on the atmospheric pressure (pressure).
[0047]
The time for keeping soybeans in hot steam is preferably set to 5 minutes or more in order to completely inactivate lipoxygenase contained in soybeans.
[0048]
The rest is the same as in the first embodiment.
[0049]
Hereinafter, experimental examples supporting the effects of the first embodiment and the second embodiment will be described in detail.
[0050]
Experimental example 1
To grasp the proper heating conditions for enzyme inactivation, put 5 liters of water in a 26 cm diameter aluminum pan and bring to a boil. Add 250 g of Niigata Shirome soybean (Enrei), and 1 minute interval The test was conducted for up to 10 minutes. After cooling in cold water, the seed coat was removed by hand rubbing, and then transferred to another container, added with 5 times the weight of soybean water, and immersed overnight.
[0051]
About the obtained thing, the presence or absence of blue odor and the change of moisture were examined. As a result, as shown in Table 1 below, it became clear that the blue odor disappeared by heating for 5 minutes or more.
[0052]
[Table 1]
[0053]
Experimental example 2
According to the same procedure as in Experimental Example 1, soybeans subjected to a step of immersion in water were produced, then transferred to a 2 liter juicer mixer together with immersion water, and crushed for 4 minutes to perform a soybean crushed liquid “1”. Got. The heating time was set to 7 minutes so that lipoxygenase could be completely inactivated.
[0054]
The soybean crushed liquid “1” obtained did not have any sense of green odor. In addition, remarkable foaming phenomenon was observed in the case of tofu production or in the case where raw soybeans which were generally soaked in water were crushed, but a remarkable bubbling phenomenon was observed. Was characteristic. In addition, when the soybean crushed liquid “1” was directly contained in the mouth, it became clear that the crushed liquid had an excellent taste with richness and umami.
[0055]
Experimental example 3
In the same manner as in Experimental Example 2, the heat-treated soybeans were immersed overnight in 5 times the amount of water without peeling (removing the seed coat), and then treated in the same manner as in Experimental Example 2 to obtain a soybean crushed liquid “2”. Obtained.
[0056]
Although the obtained soybean crushed liquid “2” appeared to be slightly more viscous than the soybean crushed liquid “1”, no odor was felt at all. In addition, when the soybean crushed liquid “2” was directly contained in the mouth, it was clarified that the crushed liquid had an excellent taste with richness and umami like the soybean crushed liquid “1”.
[0057]
Experimental example 4
When soybean crushed liquid "blue" was produced in the same manner as in Experimental Examples 2 and 3 using blue soybeans (all blue soybeans) instead of white-meal soybeans, no green odor was felt, and green A soybean crushed liquid which exhibited the characteristics of green soybean was obtained.
[0058]
Also, when the soybean crushed liquid “Blue” was directly contained in the mouth, it was clearly a crushed liquid with an excellent taste with richness and umami like the soybean crushed liquid “1” and the soybean crushed liquid “2”. became.
[0059]
Experimental example 5
The soybeans that have been peeled using a suitable peeling device are heated in a steamer for 10 minutes to deactivate enzymes (lipoxygenase, etc.). After cooling in cold water, the seed coat is rubbed by hand. The soybeans were removed, further transferred to another container, added with water 5 times the weight of soybean, and immersed overnight.
[0060]
About the obtained thing, the presence or absence of blue odor and the change of moisture were examined. As a result, as shown in Table 2 below, it became clear that the blue odor disappeared by heating for 5 minutes or more as in Experimental Example 1.
[0061]
[Table 2]
[0062]
Experimental example 6
The soybeans that have been peeled using a suitable peeling device in advance are subjected to a heat treatment in which the soybeans are held for 10 minutes in a steamer, and water equivalent to the amount of water absorbed during heating is evaporated by a dryer. It was pulverized at 8000 rpm using an air flow pulverizer (rotor diameter: 18 cm) to obtain heated soybean powder “1”.
[0063]
The resulting heated soybean powder “1” had no odor at all and exhibited a fine yellow color. In Experimental Example 6, it was also characteristic that a powder having a clear color tone of the cotyledon was obtained without being affected by the color of the navel of the raw material soybean (white eye soybean, black eye soybean).
[0064]
Experimental example 7
Using Niigata prefecture soybean as a soybean, steamed directly, dried and ground in the same manner as in Experimental Example 6 without peeling to obtain a heated soybean powder "2".
[0065]
Although the obtained heated soybean powder “2” exhibited a slightly dull yellow color as compared with Experimental Example 6, no odor was felt. However, since powder having a dark appearance was obtained when black soybeans were used, it was judged that white soybeans such as the above-mentioned Enrei were preferable from the appearance quality.
[0066]
Experimental example 8
Experimental Example 2, Experimental Example 3, and soybean homogenate obtained in Experimental Example 6 and Example 7, the precipitation amount of the suspension was mixed with water heated soybean powder was conventional soymilk and compared to experimental . By this experiment lever, Experiment 2, Experimental Example 3, obtained as by treatment method of soybean of Example 6 and Example 7, compared with the conventional soymilk, clear that solids be easily precipitated Was confirmed . It was also confirmed that the soybean crushed liquid and the heated soybean powder had substantially the same properties.
[0067]
Experimental example 9
1.8 parts of sodium chloride, 5 parts of sugar, 2 parts of dry yeast, soybean crushed liquid "1" or soybean crushed liquid prepared in Experimental Examples 2 and 3 based on 100 parts of commercially available flour (1.5 kg in substance) Bread was produced by a straight method by blending 80 parts of each (about 13 parts in terms of raw soybean) and 6 parts of shortening. The dough was divided into 100 g, molded into a spherical shape, and fired. As a comparative control, a product using 62 parts of water instead of the soybean crushed liquid “1” and the soybean crushed liquid “2” was also manufactured.
[0068]
In Experimental Example 9, the operation from the preparation of the dough to the baking can be performed in the same manner as ordinary bread production, and there was no spot requiring any special contrivance. Further, the addition of the soybean crushed liquid prepared in Experimental Examples 2 and 3 increased the amount of water to flour to 7 to 8%.
[0069]
Further, the finished bread has no difference in appearance and internal phase from the control group, has good quality, and is particularly soft and rich in elasticity, has high compressive resilience, has a strong moist taste, and has a mouthfeel. It had unprecedented excellent properties, such as good pungency and slow curing.
[0070]
Furthermore, in the comparison between the soybean crushed liquid "1" (without seed coat) and the soybean crushed liquid "2" (with seed coat), the color of the inner phase was higher in the case of using the one with seed coat than in the case of removing the seed coat. Although it exhibited a slightly dull color tone, no difference was observed in other characteristics. On the other hand, bread produced by adding a crushed liquid obtained by directly immersing raw soybeans in water and then crushing it as a comparative control had a remarkably strong blue smell and was not edible.
[0071]
Tables 3 and 4 show the results of measuring the water content and the results of measuring the compression resilience of the bread containing the soybean crushed liquid.
[0072]
[Table 3]
[0073]
[Table 4]
[0074]
Experimental example 10
To 100 parts of commercially available flour (substantially 1.5 kilograms), salt, sugar, yeast and shortening were mixed in the same raw materials as in Experimental Example 9, and the heated soybean powder prepared in Experimental Examples 6 and 7 was further added. Was added at intervals of 5 parts to 20 parts, and a bread was produced by the straight method.
[0075]
The amount of water added at this time is increased by 3 parts for every 5 parts of the added amount of the heated soybean powder, whereby a bread dough with appropriate physical properties is obtained. In other words, according to this method, the addition of 10 parts of heated soybean powder to 69 parts and the addition of 20 parts of heated soybean powder to 75 parts of 63 parts of water without the addition of soybean showed water content without being affected by the physical properties of the dough. Can be included more.
[0076]
The quality of the bread produced in Experimental Example 10 was the same as that of the bread to which 20 parts of the heated soybean powder had been added, and the appearance and the internal phase were not inferior to those of the non-added section, and had a smooth texture without discomfort, and 15 parts of the heated soybean powder. Until the addition, no soy odor or taste was felt, and bread having the original flavor of bread was obtained. When 20 parts of the heated soybean powder was added, the taste of soybean was slightly felt.
[0077]
Experimental Example 11: Buns were prepared by mixing 10 parts of heated soybean powder, 37 parts of water, 80 parts of sugar, and 2 parts of a leavening agent with 100 parts of flour (substantially 200 g), and 30 g of 30 g of 15 g of dough Was steamed in a steamer for 15 minutes to produce a bun. In addition, as a comparative control, a steamed bun was prepared in which heated soybean powder was not added and the dough had a water content of 33 parts.
[0078]
The steamed bun added with the heated soybean powder had a higher water absorption than that without the addition, and the product had no off-flavor at all, and became a product with a strong moist feeling and a long shelf life.
[0079]
The heated soybean powder used in Experimental Example 10 and Example 11 was used after crushing and then placed in a black plastic bag and allowed to stand at room temperature (15 to 25 ° C.) for 3 months. Neither bread nor bun felt any oxidizing odor, which proved that the storage stability of the heated soybean powder was high.
[0080]
Experimental Example 12
100 parts of whole egg (600 g in substance), 50 parts of white sugar and 30 parts of trehalose as a net weight are put into a bowl of a cake mixer, and whipped with a whipper to a specific gravity of about 0.30 (6 parts of water are added on the way). 60 parts of the flour and the heated soybean powder “1” prepared in Experimental Example 6 were mixed so as to have a flour concentration of 10%, and the specific gravity was adjusted to 0.50 ± 0.02 to obtain a batter. The mixture was poured into a 18-cm cake mold and baked in an oven at 180 ° C. for 30 minutes to produce a sponge cake. The control group was prepared with a composition excluding water and soybean powder.
[0081]
The soybean-containing sponge cake produced in Experimental Example 12 floated and had a good texture of the inner phase as compared with the control group, and had a soft, moist, and strong shelf life.
[0082]
Experimental Example 13
To 100 parts of rice flour (rice flour as a substitute for flour. Obtained by treating rice flour with an organic acid aqueous solution mixed with pectinase) obtained by Patent No. 3076552 according to the earlier application of the applicant, Sugar, yeast, and shortening were mixed in the same manner as in Experimental Example 9, and 90 parts of the soybean crushed liquid “1” prepared in Experimental Example 2 was added, and a rice bread was produced by the straight method.
[0083]
The obtained soybean-containing rice bread was good in appearance and internal phase, had a strong moist feeling, and was excellent in long-lasting life.
[0084]
Experimental Example 14
Blue soybeans are heated in boiling water for 10 minutes, and then water-cooled, peeled, soaked, and drained in this order, followed by adding the same weight of sugar and a small amount of water as the dried soybeans and boiling to heat the sugars into the soybean tissue. After that, the mixture was crushed using a cutter mixer so that a soybean tissue of 3 mm in size remained. 15 parts of this crushed soybean was added to 100 parts of the ice cream raw material mixture cooled and whipped, filled in a cup, and then frozen to produce an ice cream containing soybeans.
[0085]
The obtained ice cream had a taste and a crunchy chewing sensation, and exhibited the characteristics of soybeans sufficiently.
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Cited By (1)
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JP2012130278A (en) * | 2010-12-21 | 2012-07-12 | Nisshin Oillio Group Ltd | Method for producing sponge cake |
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WO2006035965A1 (en) * | 2004-09-30 | 2006-04-06 | Days Nutrition, Inc. | Foamed food comprising soybean flour as the main component |
JP4832269B2 (en) * | 2006-12-04 | 2011-12-07 | 合資会社渡辺漢方堂 | Method for producing soy ice cream-like food |
SG11201506404UA (en) * | 2013-02-25 | 2015-09-29 | Soy&World Inc | Process for manufacturing soybean paste, and soybean paste |
JP5975578B2 (en) * | 2014-02-06 | 2016-08-23 | 学校法人関東学院 | Method for producing soybean powder |
JP6436686B2 (en) * | 2014-08-27 | 2018-12-12 | 日清オイリオグループ株式会社 | Bakery food |
JP5970657B2 (en) * | 2014-11-28 | 2016-08-17 | 株式会社コレット | Method for producing dough, and method for producing bread-like food using the dough produced thereby |
CN109329442A (en) * | 2018-10-30 | 2019-02-15 | 九阳股份有限公司 | A kind of dry beans pulping process |
CN109276161A (en) * | 2018-10-30 | 2019-01-29 | 九阳股份有限公司 | A kind of pulping process of low-temperature grinding |
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