JP3581557B2 - Weed prevention sheet and plant growth and weed prevention sheet - Google Patents

Weed prevention sheet and plant growth and weed prevention sheet Download PDF

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JP3581557B2
JP3581557B2 JP09838798A JP9838798A JP3581557B2 JP 3581557 B2 JP3581557 B2 JP 3581557B2 JP 09838798 A JP09838798 A JP 09838798A JP 9838798 A JP9838798 A JP 9838798A JP 3581557 B2 JP3581557 B2 JP 3581557B2
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weed prevention
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JPH11275984A (en
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徹 黒羽
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株式会社環境測定サービス
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Description

【0001】
【発明の属する技術分野】
本発明は再利用が求められている廃棄物である、古紙およびフライアッシュの利用に関するものであり、両者を構成成分とする雑草防止用シートまたは草木成育兼雑草防止用シートに関する。
【0002】
【従来の技術】
古紙(古新聞紙、古雑誌、古段ボール、古本、使用済みコピー用紙等)は従来トイレットペーパー、ティッシュ、紙タオル、段ボール等に再生されてきたが、古紙を繰り返し製紙原料として使用するには製法上や価格上の限界があること(例えば、現状の技術で同じ白さの紙を古紙原料で製造するとパルプものより価格が高くなる)、包装の簡素化で段ボールの生産が伸び悩んでいること、事業系ごみが有料化されたことにより事務所などから大量の古紙が市場に流れ込んできたこと、自治体が古紙のリサイクルを熱心に進めていることなどから、供給が需要を大幅に上回っている。
また、一方古紙の焼却は炭酸ガスの排出を増大させ、またダイオキシン汚染等から法規制を受ける。
したがって、古紙の新たな利用法が種々検討されており、例えば活性炭化すること、コンクリート型枠材や床・壁の下地材とすること、アスファルト舗装材とすること等が提案されている。
また、火力発電所の残灰であるフライアッシュは国内で年間800万トン発生し、セメントの増量材、建材、肥料等で約400万トン使われているが、残りの400万トンは海洋投棄されている。
【0003】
【発明が解決しようとする課題】
本発明は、上記とは異なる新たな古紙およびフライアッシュの再利用方法を提供するものであり、古紙およびフライアッシュを構成成分とする雑草防止用シートまたは草木成育兼雑草防止用シートを提供することを目的とする。
【0004】
【課題を解決するための手段】
上記課題は、古紙およびフライアッシュを含有する雑草防止用シート、または古紙およびフライアッシュを含有し、さらに肥料および/または草もしくは木の種を含有してなる草木成育兼雑草防止用シートによって解決された。
【0005】
【発明の実施の形態】
以下に本発明を詳細に説明する。
本発明で使用する古紙は古新聞紙、古雑誌(利用に供された週刊誌、コミック誌、月刊誌等)、古段ボール、古本、使用済みコピー用紙等を包含する。本発明で使用する古紙はさらに印刷・製本業における紙廃棄物、紙・パルプ製造業における紙もしくはセルロース含有汚泥をも包含するものとする。
【0006】
本発明で使用するフライアッシュは火力発電のためにまたはビル等の暖房のためにボイラー等で石炭や石油を燃焼させたときに生じる灰を包含するが、より狭義には主として火力発電所で発電のために石炭や石油を燃焼させたときに生じる灰、特に煙道ガス中の細かい灰を包含し、さらに狭義にはJIS A 6201(1958)に規定されるものを包含するものとする。JIS A 6201によるとフライアッシュは微粉炭燃焼ボイラーから集塵機で採取する微小な灰の粒子であって、シリカ45%以上、湿分1%以下、強熱減量5%以下、比表面積2700cm /g以上、比重1.95以上、44μ標準篩いを75%以上が通過するものと規定されている。本発明で使用するフライアッシュは上記のいずれであっても良いが、狭義になるほど好ましい。
【0007】
本発明で使用する肥料は特に制限されず、市販の肥料のいずれをも包含する。すなわち、植物に養分を与えるために土壌に施す物質であれば、成分(窒素肥料、リン酸肥料、カリ肥料、複合肥料等)、物理的・化学的性質(酸性、中性またはアルカリ性肥料、無機質または有機質肥料、水溶性または水難溶性肥料、濃厚肥料等)、施肥時期(基肥、追肥等)、肥効速度(速効性または遅効性肥料)等を問わない。本発明で使用する肥料はさらに生ごみ、落ち葉、下水処理場から生じる活性汚泥等から製造した堆肥、腐葉土をも包含する。
本発明で使用する草もしくは木の種は特に制限されず、例えば、野菜、草花、芝草、花木、植林用の木、観葉植物等の種を用いることができる。
本発明で使用する水は特に制限されず、水道水、地下水、河川・湖沼の水等を使用でき、また軟水、硬水も問わない。
【0008】
次に本発明を雑草防止用シートと草木成育兼雑草防止用シートに分けて説明する。
本発明の雑草防止用シートにおける各成分の使用比率に関しては、本発明の雑草防止用シートは古紙1重量部に対し、フライアッシュ1〜10重量部を含有し、水の含有量がシート重量の10重量%以下であることが好ましく、古紙1重量部に対し、フライアッシュ5〜10重量部を含有し、水の含有量がシート重量の10重量%以下、特に6重量%以下であることがさらに好ましい。古紙1重量に対するフライアッシュの割合が1重量部未満であると保水性および遮光性が不十分となる恐れがあり、10重量部を超えると強度不足で取扱いが困難となる恐れがある。また、雑草防止用シート中の水の含有量がシート重量の10重量%を超えると強度不足で取扱いが困難となる恐れがある。
【0009】
本発明の雑草防止用シートの製造方法については特に制限はないが、通常、古紙、フライアッシュおよび水を混合し、必要に応じ脱水後、シート状に成形し、ついで乾燥して得ることができる。
各成分の使用量は乾燥物が前記した成分比率になるようにすれば良いが、混合の効率や容易性を考慮して水はかなり多めに使用するのが良い。一例を示すと、古紙1〜5重量部、フライアッシュ5〜10重量部および水10〜90重量部を混合する。
混合に先立ち、古紙は、それから異物(例えば雑誌等のホッチキス針等の金属等)を除き、通常5cm以下、特に2cm以下の幅に切断するのが好ましい。切断幅は狭ければ狭い方が混合効率は良好である。各成分の混合順序についても特に制限はなく、全成分を一度に混合しても良いし、例えば古紙と水とを混合しスラリー化した後にフライアッシュを加えても良い。
混合は通常単なる混合や混練によって行われる。混合に使用する機械については特に制限はなく、ミキサー(ヘンシェルミキサー、ニーダー等)、ロールミル等を用いることができる。混合はできるだけ均質になるまで行うのが良いが、厳密に均質である必要はなく、均質混合は本発明の雑草防止用シートを得るための必須要件ではない。
【0010】
混合後、シート状に成形する。シートの厚さは、乾燥後の厚さとして0.1〜1cmであることが好ましい。シートの厚さが0.1cm未満であると、運搬、使用時にシートが切断しやすくなり、また適用地面下の雑草がシートを突き破って成長してくる恐れがある。また、シートの厚さが1cmを超えても効力的には問題ないが、製造・運搬コストが高くなり不経済である。シートの形状・大きさには全く制限はなく、需要に合わせて任意の形状・大きさとすることができる。乾燥温度および乾燥方法には特に制限はなく、例えば、常温から200℃の温度範囲で、送風乾燥、加熱乾燥、自然乾燥等によって行うことができる。
【0011】
本発明の雑草防止用シートは土地の上に敷くことによってその箇所の雑草の発生・成長を防止することができる。本発明の雑草防止用シートを土地の上に敷く前に、必要に応じすでに生えている雑草を取り除く。この雑草の除去は地上面のみで良く、また背の低いものは必ずしも除去しないでも良い。
適用し得る土地の代表例として休耕田が挙げられる。本シートの使用によって除草剤等で田畑を荒らすこと無く休耕させることができる。耕作を再開する場合には、本シートを取り外すことも可能ではあるが、通常これを田畑の中に鋤込めば良い。本発明の雑草防止用シートはまた公園等の防雑草、植林地の防雑草、道路の路肩等の防雑草等にも使用することができる。
【0012】
次に、本発明の草木成育兼雑草防止用シートにおける各成分の使用比率に関しては、本発明の草木成育兼雑草防止用シートが肥料を含有する場合、古紙1重量部に対し、フライアッシュ1〜10重量部および肥料0重量部より大で20重量部以下を含有し、水の含有量がシート重量の10重量%以下であることが好ましく、古紙1重量部に対し、フライアッシュ5〜10重量部および肥料1〜5重量部を含有し、水の含有量がシート重量の10重量%以下、特に6重量%以下であることがさらに好ましい。古紙1重量に対するフライアッシュの割合が1重量部未満であると保水性および遮光性が不十分となる恐れがあり、10重量部を超えると強度不足で取扱いが困難となる恐れがある。また、古紙が1重量に対する肥料の割合が20重量部を超えると強度不足で取扱いが困難となる恐れがある。草木を成育させる観点から、古紙1重量部に対する肥料の割合は1重量部以上であることが好ましい。また、草木成育兼雑草防止用シート中の水の含有量がシート重量の10重量%を超えると強度不足で取扱いが困難となる恐れがある。
本発明の草木成育兼雑草防止用シートが草もしくは木の種を含有する場合、かかる種の使用量に特に制限はない。一般的には通常の土壌への播種と同様な程度かやや(例えば2〜3割)多めが適当であるが、本発明はこれに制限されるものではない。この場合における他の成分の使用量は上記と同様で良い。
【0013】
本発明の草木成育兼雑草防止用シートの製造方法については特に制限はないが、通常、古紙、フライアッシュ、肥料および/または草もしくは木の種、および水を混合し、必要に応じ脱水後、シート状に成形し、ついで乾燥して得ることができる。上記で先に乾燥を行った後、シート状に成形しても良い。
各成分の使用量は乾燥物が前記した成分比率になるようにすれば良いが、混合の効率や容易性を考慮して水はかなり多めに使用するのが良い。一例を示すと、古紙1〜5重量部、フライアッシュ5〜10重量部、肥料0重量部より大から20重量部および/または適当量の草もしくは木の種、および水10〜90重量部を混合する。
混合に先立ち、古紙は、それから異物(例えば雑誌等のホッチキス針等の金属等)を除き、通常5cm以下、特に2cm以下の幅に切断するのが好ましい。切断幅は狭ければ狭い方が混合効率は良好である。各成分の混合順序についても特に制限はなく、全成分を一度に混合しても良いし、例えば古紙と水とを混合しスラリー化した後に、フライアッシュ、および肥料および/または草もしくは木の種を加えても良い。
混合は通常単なる混合や混練によって行われる。混合に使用する機械については特に制限はなく、ミキサー(ヘンシェルミキサー、ニーダー等)、ロールミル等を用いることができる。混合は実質上均質になるまで行うのが良いが、厳密に均質である必要はなく、均質混合は本発明の草木成育兼雑草防止用シートを得るための必須要件ではない。
【0014】
混合後、シート状に成形する。シートの厚さは、適用する土地の性質による。すなわち、土の十分にある土地については、乾燥後の厚さとして0.1〜1cmであることが好ましい。シートの厚さが0.1cm未満であると、運搬、使用時にシートが切断しやすくなり、また適用地面下の雑草がシートを突き破って成長してくる恐れがある。また、シートの厚さが1cmを超えると、製造・運搬コストが高くなり不経済である。
適用する土地が土の十分に無い土地、例えば砂地、石や岩混りの土地等、砂、石、岩等の占める割合の多い(例えば50%以上)土地である場合には、乾燥後の厚さとして0.5〜5cm、特に0.5〜3cmであることが好ましく、この場合該シートは保水、栄養供給等を通して種の着床、発芽、成長や苗(木)の成長を助け、また土地の土とを繋ぐパイプとしての役割を果たす。なお、シートの厚さが厚い場合の種の組込みは、種がシートの表面付近に多く集まるようにする等の操作を行うことによって、発芽の効率を高めることができる。
【0015】
シートの形状・大きさには全く制限はなく、需要に合わせて任意の形状・大きさとすることができる。
乾燥温度および乾燥方法には特に制限はなく、例えば、常温から200℃の温度範囲で、送風乾燥、加熱乾燥、自然乾燥等によって行うことができる。草もしくは木の種を組み込んでいる場合には、乾燥温度は40℃以下であるのが好ましい。
【0016】
本発明の草木成育兼雑草防止用シートはそこに草もしくは木を育成しようとする土地の上に敷く。本発明の草木成育兼雑草防止用シートを土地の上に敷く前に、必要に応じすでに生えている雑草を取り除く。この雑草の除去は地上面のみで良く、また背の低いものは除去しないでも良い。
該シートが肥料を含有しているが、草木の種を含有していない場合には、育てようとする草もしくは木の種をシート上に適当量播く。通常、発芽した種の少なくとも一部はシートを突き破って地面に根を下ろす。播く種の量はシートの厚さ、周囲の環境(雨が多いか少ないか、温度等)、種の種類等によって成育割合が変化する可能性があるので、一概には論ぜられないが、通常播種する量の1〜2倍程度が適当である。また、該シートは、その上に草木の種を蒔くことなく、すでに育成されている植林地等のすでに育成されている草木のある土地の施肥および除雑草のために使用することもできる。
【0017】
該シートが草木の種を含有しているが、肥料を含有していない場合には、通常シート上に適宜施肥する。この施肥は通常の(=シートを敷かない場合の)施肥と同様に行えば良い。
シート上に播種する場合もシートが草木の種を含有している場合も、種の発芽はおおむね通常の場合と同様良好であるが、発芽後成長する(=地面に根を下ろす)株の割合はおおむねシートが草木の種を含有している場合の方がシート上に播種する場合よりも良好である。
該シートが草木の種も肥料も含有している場合には、通常の同様な成育管理を行っていけば良い。
いずれの場合も、実質上ほとんど雑草の共生をみることなく、または少なくとも土地に直に播種する場合に比し、圧倒的に少ない雑草の共生で、目的とする草木の成長を促進させることができる。
【0018】
本発明の草木成育兼雑草防止用シートが肥料および草木の種の少なくとも1種を含有している場合、草もしくは木を育成しようとする土地としては、特に限定されないが、例えば緑化しようとする砂漠や荒れ地、修理しようとするゴルフ場のディボット、フラワーロードにしようとする土地、植林を行おうとする土地、苗床、家庭菜園等が挙げられる。
また、本発明の草木成育兼雑草防止用シートが肥料は含有しているが、草木の種は含有していない場合であって、土地へ適用後の該シートの上に草木の種を蒔かない場合には、草もしくは木を育成しようとする土地としては、特に限定されないが、例えば上記したごとく、すでに育成されている植林地、植物を育成している道路の中央分離帯、道路の並木地帯等のすでに育成されている草木のある土地が挙げられ、該シートはその土地の施肥および除草のために使用し得る。
【0019】
なお、砂漠等の水が極端に少ない土地に対する適用に際しては、上記の適用以外に、本発明の草木成育兼雑草防止用シート(ただし、種を含まず、また肥料も必ずしも含まなくても良い)を中空円筒状に成形し、これを円筒柱として土地に立てて円筒柱の頂部を土地の面と同じ程度として埋めることも考えられる。この場合、円筒の中空部分には土を入れ、肥料を必要に応じ入れ、種を蒔きまたは苗(木)を植えることができる。円筒の高さは土地の性質にもよるが、例えば10cm〜1m程度が適当である。
【0020】
【実施例】
次に実施例によって本発明を具体的に説明する。
実施例1
雑草防止用シートの作製および雑草防止試験
ホッチキス針等の異物を除いた古雑誌10重量部を0.2cm幅に切断し、ミキサーに入れ、水500重量部を加え、羽根の高速回転により古雑誌をスラリー状にした。ついでフライアッシュ(常磐火力産業株式会社製)50重量部を加え、攪拌した。生じたスラリーをステンレス金網で脱水し、シート状に成形し、ついで110℃で熱風乾燥し、ついで切断して縦12cm、横15cm、厚さ約0.2cmの雑草防止用シートとした。これらのシートの水含量は約3重量%であった。
ごく一般的な自然条件の土地を選び、除草処理(手作業による除草で草の地上部分は完全に除いたが、草の根等はある程度残っている)を行った。この土地に図1に示すような長方形の区画(各区画の寸法は縦12cm、横15cmとした)を設け、No.1〜No.15まで番号を付けた。No.1、No.8およびNo.10に上記の雑草防止用シートを敷いて地面を覆った。
これらの区画を自然条件下に放置し、約6か月後に区画内に生えた雑草の本数を数えた。結果を表1に示す。
【0021】
【表1】

Figure 0003581557
【0022】
表1から分るごとく、雑草防止用シート無しの区画における雑草の本数は平均9.9本であったのに対し、雑草防止用シート有りの区画における雑草の本数は全て0本であった。
【0023】
実施例2
草木成育兼雑草防止用シートの作製および芝の成育兼雑草防止試験
古新聞10重量部を0.2cm幅に切断し、ミキサーに入れ、水600重量部を加え、羽根の高速回転により古新聞をスラリー状にした。ついでフライアッシュ50重量部、腐葉土25重量部および芝の種若干量(約1重量部)を加え、攪拌した。生じたスラリー状物をステンレス金網で脱水し、シート状に成形し、ついで40℃で送風乾燥し、ついで切断して表2に示すシート面積を有し、厚さ約0.5cmの草木成育兼雑草防止用シート4枚(A、B、CおよびD)を得た。これらのシートの水含量は約5重量%であった。
ごく一般的な自然条件の土地を選び、一般的な除草処理(手作業による除草で草の地上部分は完全に除いたが、草の根等はある程度残っている)を行った。この土地に該シート4枚を適当な間隔をおいて敷き、自然条件下に放置した。8か月後の芝の株数および平均長さを表2に示す。なお、8か月後の時点でいずれの区画においても雑草の数は0であった。
【0024】
【表2】
Figure 0003581557
【0025】
【発明の効果】
共に産業廃棄物として再利用が模索されている古紙およびフライアッシュを主成分として含有する雑草防止用シートは長期間の雑草防止を可能にし、また古紙、フライアッシュ、および肥料および/または草木の種を主成分として含有する草木成育兼雑草防止用シートは草木の順調な成育と共に長期間の雑草防止を可能にする。
【図面の簡単な説明】
【図1】本発明の雑草防止用シートの効果を実証する実験において、該シートを適用しようとする区域を表す図である。[0001]
TECHNICAL FIELD OF THE INVENTION
The present invention relates to the use of waste paper and fly ash, which are wastes that are required to be reused, and to a weed prevention sheet or a plant growth and weed prevention sheet containing both of them as constituents.
[0002]
[Prior art]
Used paper (old newspapers, old magazines, old corrugated cardboard, used books, used copy paper, etc.) has been conventionally recycled into toilet paper, tissue, paper towels, corrugated cardboard, etc. And that there is a price limit (for example, if the same technology is used to make the same white paper from waste paper, the price will be higher than that of pulp). The supply has greatly exceeded demand, as a large amount of wastepaper has flowed into the market from offices and other offices due to the payment of waste, and local governments are eager to recycle wastepaper.
On the other hand, incineration of waste paper increases carbon dioxide emissions and is subject to laws and regulations due to dioxin contamination.
Therefore, various new uses of waste paper are being studied, and for example, active carbonization, use as a base material for concrete formwork and floors / walls, asphalt pavement material, and the like have been proposed.
Fly ash, which is residual ash from thermal power plants, generates 8 million tons of ash annually in Japan. About 4 million tons are used for cement expansion materials, building materials, fertilizers, etc., but the remaining 4 million tons are dumped at sea. Have been.
[0003]
[Problems to be solved by the invention]
The present invention provides a new waste paper and fly ash recycling method different from the above, and provides a weed prevention sheet or a plant growth and weed prevention sheet containing waste paper and fly ash as constituents. With the goal.
[0004]
[Means for Solving the Problems]
The above object is achieved by a weed prevention sheet containing waste paper and fly ash, or a plant growth and weed prevention sheet containing waste paper and fly ash, and further containing fertilizer and / or grass or tree seeds. Was.
[0005]
BEST MODE FOR CARRYING OUT THE INVENTION
Hereinafter, the present invention will be described in detail.
Used paper used in the present invention includes used newspapers, used magazines (weekly magazines, comic magazines, monthly magazines and the like provided for use), used cardboard, used books, used copy paper, and the like. Used paper used in the present invention further includes paper waste in the printing and bookbinding industries, and paper or cellulose-containing sludge in the paper and pulp manufacturing industries.
[0006]
Fly ash used in the present invention includes ash generated when coal or oil is burned in a boiler or the like for thermal power generation or for heating a building or the like. Ash produced by burning coal or petroleum, especially fine ash in flue gas, and more specifically, ash specified in JIS A 6201 (1958). According to JIS A 6201, fly ash is fine ash particles collected by a dust collector from a pulverized coal combustion boiler, silica is 45% or more, moisture content is 1% or less, ignition loss is 5% or less, specific surface area is 2700 cm 2 / g or more, specific gravity 1.95 or more, and 75% or more that passes through a 44μ standard sieve. The fly ash used in the present invention may be any of the above, but is more preferably defined in a narrower sense.
[0007]
The fertilizer used in the present invention is not particularly limited, and includes any commercially available fertilizer. In other words, if it is a substance to be applied to the soil to provide nutrients to the plant, the components (nitrogen fertilizer, phosphate fertilizer, potassium fertilizer, compound fertilizer, etc.), physical and chemical properties (acidic, neutral or alkaline fertilizer, mineral or Organic fertilizer, water-soluble or poorly water-soluble fertilizer, concentrated fertilizer, etc., fertilizer application time (basic fertilizer, topdressing, etc.), fertilizer rate (fast-acting or slow-acting fertilizer) and the like are not limited. The fertilizer used in the present invention further includes compost and mulch produced from garbage, fallen leaves, activated sludge generated from a sewage treatment plant, and the like.
The species of grass or tree used in the present invention is not particularly limited, and for example, seeds such as vegetables, flowers, turfgrass, flowering trees, trees for plantation, and foliage plants can be used.
The water used in the present invention is not particularly limited, and tap water, groundwater, water from rivers and lakes can be used, and soft water and hard water are not limited.
[0008]
Next, the present invention will be described separately for a sheet for weed prevention and a sheet for plant growth and weed prevention.
Regarding the use ratio of each component in the weed prevention sheet of the present invention, the weed prevention sheet of the present invention contains 1 to 10 parts by weight of fly ash with respect to 1 part by weight of waste paper, and the water content is based on the weight of the sheet. The content is preferably 10% by weight or less, and 5 to 10 parts by weight of fly ash is contained with respect to 1 part by weight of waste paper, and the water content is 10% by weight or less, particularly 6% by weight or less of the sheet weight. More preferred. If the ratio of fly ash to 1 part by weight of waste paper is less than 1 part by weight, water retention and light-shielding properties may be insufficient, and if it exceeds 10 parts by weight, handling may be difficult due to insufficient strength. If the water content in the weed prevention sheet exceeds 10% by weight of the sheet weight, handling may be difficult due to insufficient strength.
[0009]
The method for producing the sheet for preventing weeds of the present invention is not particularly limited, but it can be usually obtained by mixing waste paper, fly ash and water, dehydrating if necessary, forming into a sheet, and then drying. .
The amount of each component used may be such that the dry matter has the above-described component ratio, but it is better to use a relatively large amount of water in consideration of mixing efficiency and easiness. For example, 1 to 5 parts by weight of waste paper, 5 to 10 parts by weight of fly ash, and 10 to 90 parts by weight of water are mixed.
Prior to mixing, the used paper is preferably cut to a width of usually 5 cm or less, particularly 2 cm or less, excluding foreign matters (eg, metal such as stapler needles of magazines and the like). The narrower the cutting width, the better the mixing efficiency. The order of mixing the components is not particularly limited, and all the components may be mixed at once, or fly ash may be added after, for example, mixing waste paper and water to form a slurry.
Mixing is usually performed by simple mixing or kneading. The machine used for mixing is not particularly limited, and a mixer (Henschel mixer, kneader, or the like), a roll mill, or the like can be used. Mixing is preferably performed until the mixture is as homogeneous as possible, but it is not necessary that the mixture be strictly homogeneous, and homogeneous mixing is not an essential requirement for obtaining the sheet for preventing weeds of the present invention.
[0010]
After mixing, it is formed into a sheet. The thickness of the sheet is preferably 0.1 to 1 cm as a thickness after drying. If the thickness of the sheet is less than 0.1 cm, the sheet is easily cut during transportation and use, and weeds under the applied ground may break through the sheet and grow. Further, even if the thickness of the sheet exceeds 1 cm, there is no problem in effectiveness, but the production and transportation costs are increased and it is uneconomical. There is no limitation on the shape and size of the sheet, and the sheet can have any shape and size according to demand. The drying temperature and the drying method are not particularly limited. For example, the drying can be performed by air blowing, heating drying, natural drying, or the like in a temperature range from room temperature to 200 ° C.
[0011]
The weed prevention sheet of the present invention can prevent the generation and growth of weeds at the location by laying it on land. Before laying the weed prevention sheet of the present invention on land, weeds that have already grown are removed if necessary. The removal of the weeds may be performed only on the ground surface, and the short ones may not necessarily be removed.
Fallow rice fields are a typical example of land that can be applied. By using this sheet, fallow can be fallowed without damaging the fields with a herbicide or the like. When cultivation is resumed, it is possible to remove this sheet, but usually, it is sufficient to plow it into the field. The weed prevention sheet of the present invention can also be used for weeds such as parks, weeds for plantations, and weeds for road shoulders.
[0012]
Next, regarding the usage ratio of each component in the plant growth and weed prevention sheet of the present invention, when the plant growth and weed prevention sheet of the present invention contains a fertilizer, 1 part by weight of fly ash to 1 part by weight of waste paper It is more than 10 parts by weight and not more than 0 parts by weight of fertilizer and contains not more than 20 parts by weight, and the content of water is preferably 10% by weight or less of the sheet weight. Parts and 1 to 5 parts by weight of a fertilizer, and the content of water is more preferably 10% by weight or less, especially 6% by weight or less of the sheet weight. If the ratio of fly ash to 1 part by weight of waste paper is less than 1 part by weight, water retention and light-shielding properties may be insufficient, and if it exceeds 10 parts by weight, handling may be difficult due to insufficient strength. If the ratio of fertilizer to 1 weight of waste paper exceeds 20 parts by weight, handling may be difficult due to insufficient strength. From the viewpoint of growing plants, the ratio of fertilizer to 1 part by weight of waste paper is preferably 1 part by weight or more. If the water content of the plant growth and weed prevention sheet exceeds 10% by weight of the sheet weight, handling may be difficult due to insufficient strength.
When the plant growth and weed prevention sheet of the present invention contains grass or tree seeds, the amount of such seeds used is not particularly limited. Generally, it is appropriate to use a slightly larger (for example, 20 to 30%) similar to the degree of seeding on ordinary soil, but the present invention is not limited to this. In this case, the amounts of other components used may be the same as described above.
[0013]
The method for producing the plant growth and weed prevention sheet of the present invention is not particularly limited, but usually, waste paper, fly ash, fertilizer and / or grass or tree seeds, and water are mixed, and after dehydration as necessary, It can be obtained by molding into a sheet and then drying. After the above-described drying is performed, the sheet may be formed into a sheet.
The amount of each component used may be such that the dry matter has the above-described component ratio, but it is better to use a relatively large amount of water in consideration of mixing efficiency and easiness. For example, 1 to 5 parts by weight of waste paper, 5 to 10 parts by weight of fly ash, more than 0 to 20 parts by weight of fertilizer and / or an appropriate amount of grass or tree seed, and 10 to 90 parts by weight of water Mix.
Prior to mixing, the used paper is preferably cut to a width of usually 5 cm or less, particularly 2 cm or less, excluding foreign matters (eg, metal such as stapler needles of magazines and the like). The narrower the cutting width, the better the mixing efficiency. There is no particular limitation on the mixing order of each component, and all components may be mixed at once. For example, after mixing waste paper and water to form a slurry, fly ash, fertilizer, and / or grass or tree seeds May be added.
Mixing is usually performed by simple mixing or kneading. The machine used for mixing is not particularly limited, and a mixer (Henschel mixer, kneader, or the like), a roll mill, or the like can be used. Mixing is preferably performed until substantially homogeneous, but it is not necessary that the mixture be strictly homogeneous, and homogeneous mixing is not an essential requirement for obtaining the sheet for growing and preventing weeds of the present invention.
[0014]
After mixing, it is formed into a sheet. The thickness of the sheet depends on the nature of the land applied. That is, it is preferable that the thickness of the land having sufficient soil is 0.1 to 1 cm as the thickness after drying. If the thickness of the sheet is less than 0.1 cm, the sheet is easily cut during transportation and use, and weeds under the applied ground may break through the sheet and grow. On the other hand, if the thickness of the sheet exceeds 1 cm, manufacturing and transportation costs are increased, which is uneconomical.
If the land to be applied is a land without sufficient soil, for example, a land with a large proportion of sand, stone, rock, etc. (for example, 50% or more) such as a sandy land, a land mixed with stones and rocks, etc. The thickness is preferably 0.5 to 5 cm, particularly preferably 0.5 to 3 cm. In this case, the sheet assists seed implantation, germination, growth and seedling (tree) growth through water retention, nutrient supply, and the like. It also plays a role as a pipe connecting the soil of the land. In the case where the thickness of the sheet is large, the germination efficiency can be increased by performing an operation such as increasing the number of seeds near the surface of the sheet.
[0015]
There is no limitation on the shape and size of the sheet, and the sheet can have any shape and size according to demand.
The drying temperature and the drying method are not particularly limited. For example, the drying can be performed by air blowing, heating drying, natural drying, or the like in a temperature range from room temperature to 200 ° C. When grass or tree seeds are incorporated, the drying temperature is preferably 40 ° C. or less.
[0016]
The plant growth and weed prevention sheet of the present invention is laid on land where grass or trees are to be grown. Before laying the sheet for plant growth and weed prevention of the present invention on land, weeds that have already grown are removed as necessary. The removal of the weeds may be performed only on the ground surface, and the short ones may not be removed.
If the sheet contains fertilizer but does not contain plant seeds, a suitable amount of grass or tree seed to be grown is sown on the sheet. Usually, at least some of the germinated seeds break through the sheet and settle on the ground. The amount of seeds to be sown is not discussed in general because the growth rate may vary depending on the thickness of the sheet, the surrounding environment (rainy or light, temperature, etc.), the type of seeds, etc. Usually, about 1-2 times the seeding amount is appropriate. The sheet can also be used for fertilizing and weeding already cultivated lands such as plantations, without sowing vegetation seeds thereon.
[0017]
When the sheet contains plant seeds but does not contain fertilizer, fertilizer is usually applied as appropriate on the sheet. This fertilization may be performed in the same manner as normal fertilization (when no sheet is laid).
The germination of the seeds is generally as good as in the normal case, both when seeded on the sheet and when the sheet contains plant seeds, but the percentage of strains that grow after germination (= root on the ground) It is generally better when the sheet contains plant seeds than when sowing on the sheet.
When the sheet contains both plant seeds and fertilizers, it is sufficient to perform the same growth management as usual.
In each case, the growth of the target vegetation can be promoted with substantially no weed symbiosis, or at least with an overwhelmingly small weed symbiosis as compared with the case where seeds are sown directly on land. .
[0018]
When the sheet for plant growth and weed prevention of the present invention contains at least one of a fertilizer and a plant seed, the land on which grass or trees are to be grown is not particularly limited. And wasteland, a divot of a golf course to be repaired, a land to be flowered, a land to plant trees, a nursery, a home garden, and the like.
Further, the plant growth and weed prevention sheet of the present invention contains fertilizer, but does not contain plant seeds, and does not sow plant seeds on the sheet after application to land. In this case, the land on which grass or trees are to be grown is not particularly limited. For example, as described above, plantations that have already been grown, median strips of roads that have grown plants, and tree-lined areas of roads And the like, which can be used for fertilizing and weeding the land.
[0019]
In addition, when applied to land with extremely little water such as a desert, in addition to the above-mentioned application, the sheet for plant growth and weed prevention of the present invention (however, it does not include seeds and does not necessarily need to include fertilizer) May be formed into a hollow cylindrical shape, and this may be erected on land as a cylindrical column, and the top of the cylindrical column may be filled to the same level as the surface of the land. In this case, soil can be put in the hollow portion of the cylinder, fertilizer can be put in if necessary, seeds can be sown, or seedlings (trees) can be planted. The height of the cylinder depends on the nature of the land, but is suitably, for example, about 10 cm to 1 m.
[0020]
【Example】
Next, the present invention will be specifically described with reference to examples.
Example 1
Preparation of weed prevention sheet and weed prevention test 10 parts by weight of old magazines excluding foreign matter such as stapler needles were cut into 0.2 cm width, put in a mixer, added with 500 parts by weight of water, and rotated at high speed with blades to use old magazines. Into a slurry. Then, 50 parts by weight of fly ash (manufactured by Joban Thermal Power Co., Ltd.) was added and stirred. The resulting slurry was dehydrated with a stainless steel wire gauze, formed into a sheet, dried with hot air at 110 ° C., and then cut to obtain a weed prevention sheet having a length of 12 cm, a width of 15 cm and a thickness of about 0.2 cm. The water content of these sheets was about 3% by weight.
We selected land under very common natural conditions and performed weeding (manual weeding completely removed the above-ground parts of the grass, but leaves some grass roots etc.). A rectangular section as shown in FIG. 1 (the size of each section was 12 cm long and 15 cm wide) was provided on this land. 1 to No. Numbered up to 15. No. 1, No. 8 and no. The above weed prevention sheet was laid on 10 to cover the ground.
These plots were left under natural conditions, and the number of weeds that grew in the plots after about 6 months was counted. Table 1 shows the results.
[0021]
[Table 1]
Figure 0003581557
[0022]
As can be seen from Table 1, the number of weeds in the section without the weed prevention sheet was 9.9 on average, whereas the number of weeds in the section with the weed prevention sheet was all zero.
[0023]
Example 2
Preparation of a Plant Growth and Weed Prevention Sheet and Turf Growth and Weed Prevention Test Cut 10 parts by weight of old newspaper into 0.2 cm width, put into a mixer, add 600 parts by weight of water, and rotate old blades by high-speed rotation of blades. A slurry was formed. Then, 50 parts by weight of fly ash, 25 parts by weight of humus and a little amount of grass seeds (about 1 part by weight) were added and stirred. The resulting slurry was dewatered with a stainless steel wire gauze, formed into a sheet, dried by blowing at 40 ° C., and then cut to grow a plant having a sheet area shown in Table 2 and having a thickness of about 0.5 cm. Four weed prevention sheets (A, B, C and D) were obtained. The water content of these sheets was about 5% by weight.
We selected land under very common natural conditions and performed general weeding (manual weeding completely removed the above-ground parts of the grass, but some grass roots etc. remained). The four sheets were spread on this land at appropriate intervals, and left under natural conditions. Table 2 shows the number and average length of turf after eight months. It should be noted that the number of weeds was 0 in any of the sections eight months later.
[0024]
[Table 2]
Figure 0003581557
[0025]
【The invention's effect】
Weed control sheets containing waste paper and fly ash as main components, both of which are sought to be reused as industrial waste, enable long-term weed control, and also provide for waste paper, fly ash, and fertilizer and / or plant seeds. The plant-growing and weed-prevention sheet containing as a main component enables long-term weed prevention as well as the successful growth of plants.
[Brief description of the drawings]
FIG. 1 is a view showing an area to which the sheet is applied in an experiment for demonstrating the effect of the sheet for preventing weeds of the present invention.

Claims (8)

古紙、フライアッシュおよび肥料を含有してなるシートを中空円筒状に成形した苗木成育用成形物であって、古紙1重量部に対して、フライアッシュ1〜10重量部を含有し、水の含有量が10重量%以下である該苗木成育用成形物。A molded product for growing seedlings, in which a sheet containing waste paper, fly ash and fertilizer is formed into a hollow cylindrical shape, containing 1 to 10 parts by weight of fly ash and 1 to 10 parts by weight of waste paper and containing water The molded product for growing a seedling having an amount of 10% by weight or less . 肥料の含有量が古紙1重量部に対して0重量部より大で20重量部以下である請求項1記載の苗木成育用成形物。The molded product for growing a seedling according to claim 1, wherein the content of the fertilizer is more than 0 part by weight and 20 parts by weight or less based on 1 part by weight of waste paper. 肥料の含有量が古紙1重量部に対して1〜20重量部である請求項1記載の苗木成育用成形物。The molded product for growing a seedling according to claim 1, wherein the content of the fertilizer is 1 to 20 parts by weight based on 1 part by weight of waste paper. 肥料の含有量が古紙1重量部に対して1〜5重量部である請求項1記載の苗木成育用成形物。The molded product for growing seedlings according to claim 1, wherein the content of the fertilizer is 1 to 5 parts by weight based on 1 part by weight of waste paper. 古紙1重量部に対して、フライアッシュ5〜10重量部および肥料1〜5重量部を含有し、水の含有量が10重量%以下である請求項1記載の苗木成育用成形物。The molded product for growing seedlings according to claim 1, comprising 5 to 10 parts by weight of fly ash and 1 to 5 parts by weight of fertilizer based on 1 part by weight of waste paper, and having a water content of 10% by weight or less. 中空円筒の肉厚が0.5〜5cmである請求項1〜5のいずれか1項に記載の苗木成育用成形物。The molded product for growing a seedling according to any one of claims 1 to 5, wherein the hollow cylinder has a thickness of 0.5 to 5 cm. 中空円筒の高さが10cm〜1mである請求項1〜6のいずれか1項に記載の苗木成育用成形物。The molded product for growing seedlings according to any one of claims 1 to 6, wherein the height of the hollow cylinder is 10 cm to 1 m. 請求項1〜7のいずれか1項に記載の苗木成育用成形物を円筒柱として土地に立てて埋め、中空部分に苗木を植え成育させることを特徴とする該苗木成育用成形物の使用方法。A method for using the molded product for growing a seedling, characterized in that the molded product for growing a seedling according to any one of claims 1 to 7 is erected on a land as a cylindrical pillar and buried, and a seedling is planted and grown in a hollow portion. .
JP09838798A 1998-03-26 1998-03-26 Weed prevention sheet and plant growth and weed prevention sheet Expired - Lifetime JP3581557B2 (en)

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