JP3579444B2 - Comb blade type automatic lathe - Google Patents

Description

[0001]
[Industrial applications]
The present invention relates to an automatic lathe provided with a comb-type tool post.
[0002]
[Prior art]
Conventionally, in order to automatically perform a plurality of types of machining on a workpiece, a fixed tool rest having a plurality of tools arranged side by side is provided in front of the headstock, and the machining is performed by moving the headstock in front of a desired tool. There is known a comb-type automatic lathe that performs the above-described operation (for example, see JP-A-1-228701 and JP-A-4-193401). In this comb-type automatic lathe, it is possible to automatically perform a plurality of processes using a plurality of tools on a fixed turret on a workpiece held on a spindle.
[0003]
[Problems to be solved by the invention]
However, in such a conventional configuration, when the tool on the fixed tool rest wears out and needs to be replaced, it has to be replaced manually. Also, when changing the type of work, and therefore the type of machining, it is necessary to manually change the tool mounted on the fixed turret to a desired one. Such manual replacement of the tool not only puts a burden on the operator but also causes a problem of lowering the operation rate of the lathe.
[0004]
The present invention has been made in view of such a conventional problem, and provides a comb-type automatic lathe capable of reducing a burden on an operator and improving an operation rate by automatically changing tools. With the goal.
[0005]
[Means for Solving the Problems]
The present invention that has been made to solve the above-described problems is a pair of headstocks arranged so as to face each other up and down, each of which has a main shaft for holding a work, and its axial direction, that is, the Z-axis direction is vertical. A pair of headstocks held as described above, a headstock feeder that moves each headstock in the Z-axis direction and an X-axis direction perpendicular thereto, and a pallet holding table disposed between the pair of headstocks, A tool pallet removably held by the pallet holding table, a plurality of tools arranged in the X-axis direction, and a part of tools mounted for one headstock and the rest mounted for the other headstock; A pallet magazine arranged on the side of the holding table in the X-axis direction and holding a plurality of tool pallets, and a pallet changing device for transferring a tool pallet between the pallet magazine and the pallet holding table. The pallet holding table includes a pallet holder that is detachable by inserting and removing a tool pallet in the X-axis direction, wherein the pallet magazine is rotatable about a central axis extending in the X-axis direction, A plurality of support plates radially formed on the rotor; a pallet support attached to each of the plurality of support plates and detachable by inserting and removing the tool pallet in the X-axis direction; A magazine indexing device for indexing to a rotational position, wherein each of the pallet supports is divided into a pallet changing position located on an extension of the pallet holder of the pallet holder in the X-axis direction by indexing rotation of the rotor. Wherein the mounting position with respect to the support plate is determined so as to be output. The gist.
[0006]
[0007]
[0008]
[0009]
[Action]
In the comb-type automatic lathe having the above-described configuration, a tool pallet is fixed to a pallet holding table during normal machining, and a plurality of types of machining are automatically performed using a plurality of tools on the tool pallet. When a tool becomes worn or when it is necessary to change tools to change the type of machining, the pallet changer returns the tool pallet on the pallet holder to the pallet magazine, and the tool pallet holding other tools is Attach to pallet holder. Thus, the next machining can be started immediately without manually changing the tools, so that it is possible to save the trouble of changing the tools and to improve the operation rate of the lathe. The tool change for the tool pallets stored in the pallet magazine is performed manually, but this tool change can be performed without hindering the turning operation of the lathe. It does not need to be performed when the worker's hand is available, so that the burden on the worker is not great.
[0010]
Further, in exchanging the tool pallet, one of the pallet supports of the pallet magazine can be positioned on the extension of the pallet holder by indexing and rotating the rotor of the pallet magazine. In this state, the tool pallet is simply moved in the X-axis direction. The tool pallet can be transferred from the pallet support to the pallet holder or vice versa. Therefore, the pallet changing device may be any device that can simply move the tool pallet in a straight line, and can have a simple structure.
[0011]
In addition, as described above, by using the pallet magazine as the rotor system , the pallet support can be indexed to a predetermined pallet replacement position simply by indexing and rotating the rotor, thereby enabling quick and accurate indexing. Further, a plurality of (for example, about four) pallet supports can be arranged in a small space.
[0012]
Furthermore, by arranging a pair of headstocks above and below the pallet holding base, it is possible to perform parallel processing on the work held on each of the two headstocks, thereby improving the processing efficiency, and It is also possible to pass the work processed by one headstock to the other headstock for back processing.
[0013]
In addition, since the headstock is a so-called vertical comb-type automatic lathe in which the spindle axis is arranged vertically, the installation space can be reduced.
[0014]
【Example】
Hereinafter, preferred embodiments of the present invention shown in the drawings will be described.
FIG. 1 is a schematic front view showing a comb-type automatic lathe according to an embodiment in which the present invention is applied to a vertical two-spindle automatic lathe, and FIG. 2 is a schematic vertical sectional view of a lathe portion of the automatic lathe. 1 and 2, reference numeral 1 denotes a lathe for processing a workpiece, 1a denotes a bed provided substantially vertically, 2A and 2B denote a pair of headstocks arranged vertically facing each other, and 3 denotes each headstock 2A. 2B, a main shaft for holding a work provided in 2B. The headstocks 2A and 2B are arranged such that the axes (Z-axis) of the respective spindles 3 are vertical. Reference numeral 4 denotes a Z-axis slide on which the respective headstocks 2A and 2B are mounted, and reference numeral 5 denotes an X-axis slide which holds the Z-axis slide 4 so as to be movable in the Z-axis direction which is the axial direction of the main shaft 3, with respect to the bed 1a. It is held so as to be movable in the X-axis direction perpendicular to the Z-axis direction. 6 is a screw shaft for moving the Z-axis slide 4 in the Z-axis direction, 7 is a Z-axis servo motor for rotating the screw shaft 6, and 8 is a screw shaft for moving the X-axis slide 5 in the X-axis direction. And is drivingly connected to an X-axis servomotor (not shown). By controlling the rotation of the Z-axis servomotor 7 and the X-axis servomotor, the respective headstocks 2A and 2B can be moved to desired positions in the Z-axis direction which is the main axis direction and the X-axis direction perpendicular thereto. . Therefore, the Z-axis slide 4, the X-axis slide 5, the screw shafts 6, 8, the Z-axis servomotor 7, the X-axis servomotor and the like are used to feed the headstock in the Z-axis direction and the X-axis direction. Configure the device. The configuration of the headstock feeder is not limited to the illustrated one, and can be changed as appropriate.
[0015]
A tool post 11 is provided between the headstocks 2A and 2B arranged vertically, that is, in front of the headstocks 2A and 2B. The tool rest 11 has a tool pallet 13 provided with a plurality of tools 12 arranged in the X-axis direction, and a pallet holding stand 14 for detachably holding the tool pallet 13. As shown in FIGS. 3A, 3B, and 3C, the tool pallet 13 has a rectangular shape as a whole, and has a groove 15 extending in the longitudinal direction, four positioning holes 16, Two fixing holes 17 and the like are formed. The positioning hole 16 is formed at a position equidistant from the center point O of the tool pallet 13. On the front surface of the tool pallet 13, a groove 18 for mounting various tools 12 is formed. Usually, a tool for the headstock 2A is mounted on the tool pallet 13 in about half the area, and a tool such as the headstock 2B is mounted on the other half area. The above-mentioned groove 18 can mount these tools. Formed at the location. In the center of the upper end of the tool pallet 13, a concave portion 19 for hooking a hook of a pallet changing device described later is formed.
[0016]
On the other hand, as shown in FIGS. 4 and 5, the pallet holding table 14 has upper and lower edges 20a extending in the X-axis direction. A support shaft 21 fixed to be perpendicular to the pallet holder 20, a support base 22 holding the support shaft 21 movably in the axial direction and forming a cylinder chamber 22a, and fixed to the support shaft 21 The pallet holder 20 is moved forward by supplying the pressurized oil to the rear side of the piston 23 in the cylinder chamber 22a, and the pressurized oil is supplied to the front side of the piston 23. 20 is retracted. The support base 22 is fixed to the bed 1a. The edge 20a of the pallet holder 20 can be fitted into the groove 15 of the tool pallet 13. Therefore, the tool pallet 13 can be attached to and detached from the pallet holder 20 by inserting and removing the tool pallet 13 in the X-axis direction. it can. Here, the forward position of the pallet holder 20, which is advanced and retracted by the piston 23, is a pallet exchange position P1 for attaching and detaching the tool pallet 13 to and from the pallet holder 20, and the retracted position is provided on the tool pallet 13. This is an operation position P2 for performing machining using the tool 12 that is present. The pallet holder 20 is held by two support shafts 21. The rear ends of the support shafts 21 are connected to a lever 25 and a rotating shaft so that the two support shafts 21 move forward and backward at the same speed at the same time. 26.
[0017]
A stopper pin 28 and a positioning pin 29 are provided on the front surface of the bed 1a and near the upper and lower edges of the pallet holder 20. The stopper pin 28 restricts the position of the tool pallet 13 in the front-rear direction by abutting against the back surface of the held tool pallet 13 when the pallet holder 20 is retracted with the pallet holder 20 holding the tool pallet 13. It is. When the pallet holder 20 is retracted in a state where the pallet holder 20 holds the tool pallet 13, the positioning pin 29 is disposed at a position where the positioning pin 29 fits into the positioning hole 16 on the back surface of the held tool pallet 13. I have. FIG. 6 shows a cross section of a mounting portion of the positioning pin 29. The positioning pin 29 is held by a holder 30 so as to be movable in the axial direction, and its rear end is pushed by a spring 31 so that the tip always projects. Have been. With this configuration, when the tool pallet 13 is retracted, the tip of the positioning pin 29 is smoothly fitted into the positioning hole 16 so that the tool pallet 13 can be positioned. As shown in FIG. 7, the tip of the positioning pin 29 has a circular arc shape that fits into the positioning hole 16 in the radial direction with respect to the center point O of the tool pallet 13, but is positioned in a direction perpendicular thereto. A gap 32 is formed between the hole 16 and the inner surface. Thus, when the four positioning pins 29 are fitted into the positioning holes 16 of the tool pallet 13, the positioning pins 29 can be displaced by a small amount in the direction perpendicular to the above-mentioned radial direction. Can be rotated by a small amount around, and good positioning can be performed by the four positioning pins 29.
[0018]
1 and 4, reference numeral 33 denotes a pallet magazine provided on the pallet holding table 14 of the lathe unit 1 on the side in the X-axis direction . As shown in FIG. 8, the pallet magazine 33 includes a rotor 35 rotatable about a central axis extending in the X-axis direction, four support plates 36 formed radially on the rotor 35, and A pallet support 37 attached to the support plate 36, a magazine indexing device (not shown) for indexing and rotating the rotor 35 to a position where the respective support plates 36 are vertical (the position shown in FIG. 8) are provided. Like the pallet holder 20, the pallet support 37 has a side edge 37a that can be fitted into the groove 15 of the tool pallet 13, and a support plate for the rotor 35 so that the side edge 37a is in the X-axis direction. 36. Thus, the tool pallet 13 can be attached to and detached from the pallet support 37 by inserting and removing the tool pallet 13 in the X-axis direction. In addition, a ball 38 is provided on the front surface of the pallet support 37 so that a part of the outer surface protrudes from the front surface of the pallet support 37. The ball 38 is urged by a spring. In this configuration, the tool pallet 13 is fitted so as to fit into a fixing hole 17 (see FIG. 3) formed on the back surface of the tool pallet 13 so that the tool pallet 13 is fixed so as not to move unless a certain large force acts. ing.
[0019]
When the rotor 35 is indexed to a predetermined position with respect to the support plate 36, the pallet supports 37 are extended along the X-axis direction of the pallet holder 20 at the pallet exchange position P1 (see FIG. 5). Is mounted so as to be located at a pallet exchange position P3 (see FIG. 8). Therefore, when the pallet holder 20 and the pallet support 37 are both positioned at the pallet changing position, as shown in FIGS. 1 and 4, both are aligned in the X-axis direction and the tool pallet 13 is moved in the X-axis direction. By doing so, the tool holder 20 can be transferred from the pallet holder 20 to the pallet support 37 or vice versa. A pallet guide 40 is provided between the pallet holder 20 and the pallet support 37 and guides the tool pallet 13.
[0020]
A pallet exchanging device 42 for transferring a tool pallet between the pallet magazine 33 and the pallet holding table is provided between and above the pallet magazine 33 and the pallet holding table 14. As shown in FIGS. 9 and 10, the pallet changing device 42 includes a pair of guides 44 arranged vertically at the center, an elevating block 45 movably provided on the guides 44, and an elevating block 45. An upper and lower cylinder 46 for moving the rack up and down, a rack guide 47 horizontally mounted on the lifting block 45, a rack 48 movably held by the rack guide 47, and a hook 49 mounted on the rack 48, It has a pinion 50 held by the elevating block 45 and meshing with the rack 48, a motor 51 for rotating the pinion 50, and the like. Thus, the lifting block 45 is lowered to the position shown in FIG. 4, and the hook 49 is engaged with the concave portion 19 at the upper end of the tool pallet 13 held by the pallet magazine 33. The tool pallet 13 can be transferred from the pallet magazine 33 to the pallet holding base 14 by moving the tool pallet 13 in the direction toward Can be transferred. After the tool pallet 13 is transferred to the pallet magazine 33, the lifting block 45 is raised, whereby the hook 49 is disengaged from the concave portion 19 of the tool pallet 13, and the rotor 35 of the pallet magazine 33 can rotate without any trouble. In FIG. 9, reference numeral 54 denotes an auxiliary guide for guiding the tip of the rack 48 sent out above the pallet holding table 14, and 55 denotes a stopper of the rack 48 in the X-axis direction. Although not shown, the arrival of the rack 48 is detected by a proximity sensor or the like before hitting the stopper 55.
[0021]
Next, the operation of the comb-type automatic lathe having the above configuration will be described. The following operation is automatically performed by the control device according to a sequence programmed in advance.
Now, tool pallets 13 are attached to the four magazine supports 37 of the pallet magazine 33, as shown in FIG. 8, and although not shown, each tool pallet 13 has a desired one. Assume that the tool is attached. At this time, the tool pallet 13 is not mounted on the pallet holder 20 of the lathe 1 as shown in FIG.
[0022]
First, the upper and lower cylinders 46 of the pallet changing device 42 are operated to raise the elevating block 45 and retract the hook 49 to a position where it does not interfere with the tool pallet 13. Next, the indexing device of the pallet magazine 33 indexes and rotates the rotor 35 to index the desired tool pallet 13 to the pallet changing position P3. Next, the lifting block 45 is lowered, and the hook 49 is engaged with the concave portion 19 of the tool pallet 13 at the pallet changing position P3. The state at this time is the state shown in FIG. On the other hand, in parallel with this operation, on the lathe 1 side, the support shaft 21 advances, and the pallet holder 20 advances to the pallet exchange position P1 (see FIG. 5).
[0023]
Next, the motor 51 of the pallet changing device 42 rotates to move the rack 48 to a predetermined position in the direction toward the pallet holding table 14 via the pinion 50 (the rack 48 is stopped by the stopper 55). Thus, the tool pallet 13 held by the pallet magazine 33 is inserted into the pallet holder 20 of the pallet holding base 14 via the pallet guide 40. After the tool pallet 13 is inserted into a predetermined position with respect to the pallet holder 20, the support shaft 21 holding the pallet holder 20 retreats to the operation position P2 indicated by a solid line in FIG. By this retreat, the tool pallet 13 held by the pallet holder 20 retreats until it hits the stopper pin 28, and the positioning pin 29 fits into the positioning hole 16 on the back surface of the tool pallet 13 (see FIG. 6). Thus, the position of the tool pallet 13 in the front-rear direction is regulated by the stopper pins 28, and the position in the up-down and left-right directions is regulated by the positioning pins 29, and is fixed at a predetermined operating position.
[0024]
As shown in FIG. 5, when the tool pallet 13 held by the pallet holder 20 is retracted, the hook 49 of the pallet changing device 42 is disengaged from the concave portion 19 of the tool pallet 13. Thereafter, the hook 49 and the rack 48 holding the hook 49 are removed. Is returned by the motor 51 to the position above the original pallet magazine 33. This state is the state shown in FIG. Thereafter, a plurality of types of machining are automatically performed using the tool 12 of the tool pallet 13 fixed to the pallet holding table 14. That is, one headstock 2A moves in the X-axis direction and the Z-axis direction, selects a desired tool 12, performs desired processing on the work W, and, in parallel with this processing operation, the other headstock 2B Moves in the X-axis direction and the Z-axis direction, selects a desired tool 12, and performs desired processing on the workpiece W. If necessary, the work W processed by one headstock 2A may be transferred to the other headstock 2B, and the back work of the work W may be performed. The supply and discharge of the work to and from the headstocks 2A and 2B are performed by a work supply and discharge device (not shown).
[0025]
Next, when the type of work is changed and it becomes necessary to perform machining with another tool, or when the tool is worn and needs to be replaced, the rack 48 and the hook 49 of the pallet changing device 42 are again moved to the pallet holding table. Then, the support shaft 21 of the pallet holding table 14 moves forward to move the tool pallet 13 to the pallet changing position P1 (see FIG. 5). Thereby, the hook 49 is engaged with the concave portion 19 of the tool pallet 13. Next, the rack 48 and the hook 49 are moved toward the pallet magazine 33 while the tool pallet 13 is hooked on the hook 49, and the tool pallet 13 hooked on the hook 49 is inserted into the pallet support 37 of the pallet magazine 33. Hold. Thereafter, the elevating block 45 is raised, the hook 49 is removed from the tool pallet 13, and then the rotor 35 is indexed and rotated to index the desired tool pallet 13 to the pallet changing position P3. Thereafter, in the same manner as described above, the pallet changing device 42 supplies the tool pallet 13 of the pallet magazine 33 to the pallet holding table 14 of the lathe 1, and the processing using the tool of the tool pallet 13 is started. You. Thus, the tool change in the lathe unit 1 is performed very quickly, and the operability of the lathe is not reduced.
[0026]
The tools of the tool pallets stored in the pallet magazine 33 are manually changed as necessary while the machining operation in the lathe main body is continued. However, this tool change operation can be performed without hindering the turning operation of the lathe, so that the working rate of the lathe is not reduced, and it is only necessary to perform the operation when the worker's hand is available. It is not a big burden for.
[0027]
In the above-described embodiment, the tool 12 to be attached to the tool pallet 13 is usually a fixed tool such as a cutting tool or a drill. However, if necessary, a rotating tool such as a rotary drill or a milling tool can be attached. In this case, the drive motor of the rotary tool is also attached to the tool pallet. In order to supply power to the drive motor, a connection terminal connected to the drive motor is provided at one end of the tool pallet 13, and when the tool pallet 13 is mounted on the pallet holding table 14, the connection terminal is turned on a lathe. It may be configured to be connected to the power supply connection terminal provided on the bed side of the unit.
[0028]
[0029]
【The invention's effect】
As is apparent from the above description, the present invention makes it possible to attach / detach a tool pallet provided with a plurality of tools to / from a pallet holding table provided in front of a headstock, A pallet magazine equipped with a plurality of tool pallets is arranged, and a pallet changer is provided to transfer tool pallets between the pallet magazine and the pallet holding table. When it is necessary to change the tool used for the pallet, simply return the tool pallet on the pallet holding table to the pallet magazine by the pallet changing device, and transfer another tool pallet from the pallet magazine to the pallet holding table, This has the effect that the tool can be changed very quickly and the operating rate of the lathe can be improved.
[0030]
Further, the automatic lathe of the present invention has a configuration in which a pair of headstocks face each other up and down, the headstocks are arranged so that the spindle axis is vertical, and a pallet holding table is provided between the two to hold a tool pallet. Because it is a so-called vertical comb-type automatic lathe, the installation space can be reduced, and parallel machining can be performed on the workpieces held on the two headstocks to increase the machining efficiency. By adopting a rotor system having a plurality of pallet supports, the pallet supports can be indexed to a predetermined pallet changing position simply by indexing and rotating the rotor, which enables quick and accurate indexing and a plurality of pallet supports. Another effect is that the pallet support can be arranged in a small space.
[Brief description of the drawings]
FIG. 1 is a schematic front view of a comb-type automatic lathe according to an embodiment of the present invention. FIG. 2 is a schematic longitudinal sectional view of a lathe section in the automatic lathe of the above embodiment. Schematic front view of the tool pallet (b) Schematic rear view (c) Schematic end view showing the end face in an enlarged scale. FIG. 4 shows the automatic lathe of the above embodiment in a state before the tool pallet is supplied to the lathe section. FIG. 5 is a schematic cross-sectional view of a pallet holding table provided in the above embodiment. FIG. 6 is a schematic cross-sectional view showing a mounting portion of a positioning pin of the pallet holding table. FIG. 8 is a schematic longitudinal sectional view of a pallet magazine provided in the above embodiment. FIG. 9 is a schematic front view of a pallet changing device provided in the above embodiment. Schematic vertical sectional view of the pallet changing device Description of]
Reference Signs List 1 lathe 1a beds 2A, 2B headstock 3 spindle 11 tool post 12 tool 13 tool pallet 14 pallet holding stand 20 pallet holder 21 support shaft 28 stopper pin 29 positioning pin 33 pallet magazine 35 rotor 36 support plate 37 pallet support 40 pallet Guide 42 Pallet changing device 45 Elevating block 48 Rack 49 Hook

Claims (1)

A pair of headstocks (2A, 2B) that are arranged so as to face up and down, each holding a main shaft for holding a work so that its axis direction, that is, the Z-axis direction is vertical; A headstock feeder for moving each headstock in the Z-axis direction and an X-axis direction perpendicular thereto, a pallet holder (14) disposed between the pair of headstocks, and a pallet holder (14). ), A tool pallet (13) in which a plurality of tools are arranged in the X-axis direction and some of the tools are mounted for one headstock and the other tools are mounted for the other headstock; A pallet magazine (33) arranged on the side of the holding table in the X-axis direction and holding a plurality of tool pallets; and a tool pallet (13) between the pallet magazine (33) and the pallet holding table (14). To A pallet exchange device (42) for mounting the pallet, wherein the pallet holding table (14) includes a pallet holder (20) that can be detached by inserting and removing a tool pallet (13) in the X-axis direction. A pallet magazine (33) has a rotor (35) rotatable around a central axis extending in the X-axis direction, a plurality of support plates (36) formed radially on the rotor, and a plurality of support plates. A pallet support (37) attached and detachable by inserting and removing the tool pallet in the X-axis direction; and a magazine indexing device for indexing the rotor to a desired rotational position. Each of 37) is positioned on an extension of the pallet holder (20) of the pallet holding table (14) in the X-axis direction due to the indexing rotation of the rotor. As indexed to let exchange position, gang-type automatic lathe, characterized in that the attachment position is defined relative to the support plate (36).

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