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JP3578873B2
JP3578873B2 JP22589096A JP22589096A JP3578873B2 JP 3578873 B2 JP3578873 B2 JP 3578873B2 JP 22589096 A JP22589096 A JP 22589096A JP 22589096 A JP22589096 A JP 22589096A JP 3578873 B2 JP3578873 B2 JP 3578873B2
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plating
plating layer
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JPH1053881A (en
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章 原山
俊晶 今井
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帝国ピストンリング株式会社
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Description

【0001】
【発明の属する技術分野】
本発明は、硬質Crめっき層を摺動面に有している摺動部材に関し、例えば内燃機関のシリンダライナやピストンリングに適用して有効である。
【0002】
【従来の技術】
内燃機関用のピストンリングの外周面、側面、あるいはシリンダライナの内周面に硬質Crめっきを施すことがある。しかし、硬質Crめっきは、高硬度、耐摩耗性、低摩擦係数を有するが、保油性が乏しい欠点がある。
【0003】
そこで、潤滑油溜まりとして機能する微細な凹部を表面に形成したポーラスCrめっきが、耐焼き付き性を改善するために行われており、特にシリンダライナの内周面に利用されている。
【0004】
この微細な凹部の形成方法には、
・Crめっき後、逆電処理でエッチングする方法
・母材に表面粗さを付加し、それをめっき表面に残存させる方法
等がある。
【0005】
硬質Crめっき後、逆電処理によるエッチングによって形成された微細な凹部は網目状に延びており、後工程の研磨加工での加工代の大小により、
チャンネルタイプ:凹部が網目状に延びているもの(加工代が小の場合)
ピットタイプ:凹部が独立して分散しているもの(加工代が大の場合)
インターメディエイトタイプ:上記2つの中間的なもの(加工代が中の場合)の3つに分けられる。そして摺動部材に要求される耐摩耗性、耐焼き付き性等の摺動特性に応じて、使い分けられている。
【0006】
【発明が解決しようとする課題】
しかし、従来のポーラスCrめっきは表面にのみ凹部が存在し、摺動特性改善に効果的な凹部はめっき層内部に存在しない。従って、摺動面が摩耗すると凹部が無くなり、耐焼き付き性が劣化する不都合がある。
【0007】
本発明の課題は、摺動面の摩耗が進行しても耐焼き付き性、耐摩耗性を良好に維持できる硬質Crめっき層を有している摺動部材を提供することである。
【0008】
【課題を解決するための手段】
本発明は、摺動面に硬質Crめっき層を有し、この硬質Crめっき層の表面に微細な凹部が形成されている摺動部材において、硬質Crめっき層はCrと微細な空洞からなり、微細な空洞は硬質Crめっき層の内部に厚さ方向に独立して分布し、硬質Crめっき層の断面における空洞面積比率が5〜30%であることを特徴とする。前記空洞面積比率(空洞面積比率は断面の面積に対するその断面における空洞の総面積の比率をいう。)は、耐焼き付き性および耐摩耗性の点から、上記範囲において、必要とされる摺動特性に応じて選択するとよい。空洞面積比率が大きいと耐摩耗性、耐焼き付き性が低下し、小さいと耐焼き付き性が低下する。シリンダライナの場合、より好ましい空洞面積比率の範囲は10〜20%である。
【0010】
前記硬質Crめっき層との母材の境界面は、振幅5〜30μm、ピッチ20〜100μmの表面粗さを有しているのが望ましい。この表面粗さは旋削加工等で実現できる。表面粗さのピッチが小さすぎると、1つのうねりの中に空洞が複数存在しなくなり、空洞が厚さ方向に平均化して分布しなくなる。同様に、表面粗さの振幅が小さすぎても、平均化の効果が生じない。また、めっき面はめっきの平滑化作用により母材面よりも滑らかになる傾向がある。この作用により、母材面の振幅の大きさが5μm未満あるいはピッチの大きさが20μm未満であると、最終めっき面が平滑化し、図3(a)に近似したものとなるので好ましくない。同様に、母材面の振幅の大きさが30μmを越えると、最終めっき面の研磨加工代が増大する不利があり、ピッチの大きさが100μmを越えると、摺動面に局部的に図3(a)に近似する部分が生じるので好ましくない。以上から上記範囲が望ましい。
【0011】
上記の摺動部材は、フッ素イオンを含むCrめっき浴を用いて、硬質Crめっき工程と電解エッチング工程(以下、電解エッチング工程は単にエッチング工程という。)とを繰り返し行い、めっきを積層することによって製造できる。フッ素イオンを含むCrめっき浴によって、硬質Crめっきの上に更に硬質Crめっきを施すと、めっき層間に優れた密着性を得ることができる。
【0012】
本発明の摺動部材は上記のように形成されているので、摺動面に形成されている微細な凹部が潤滑油溜まりとして機能するため、使用初期において耐焼き付き性が高い。摺動表面が摩耗すると、硬質Crめっき層の内部に分布する空洞が新たに摺動表面に露出して凹部となるため、常に適量の潤滑油を摺動面に保持できる。従って、摩耗が進行しても耐焼き付き性、耐摩耗性を良好に維持できる。また、硬質Crめっき層の内部に分布する空洞は厚さ方向に独立しているので、硬質Crめっき層の破壊脱落が抑制される。
【0013】
なお、摺動面に対して垂直な方向から見た空洞の開口幅は、平均値で2〜8μmとするのが、強度上の面から望ましい。これは、従来のポーラスCrめっきの凹部の開口幅の平均値と比較すると、約1/2である。
【0014】
図3は、母材の表面を所定の表面粗さを有している凹凸面とするのが良い理由を説明するための模式図である。
【0015】
図3(a)は母材の表面が平坦面に形成されている場合で、硬質Crめっき工程とエッチング工程を3回繰り返して行った場合を示している。
【0016】
最初の硬質Crめっき工程とエッチング工程で形成された硬質Crめっき層はその表面に網目状に延びている微細な凹部を有する。この凹部は断面が略V字状をなしており、2回目の硬質Crめっき工程とエッチング工程によって積層される硬質Crめっき層で覆われ、空洞5となる。同様にして、3回目の硬質Crめっき工程とエッチング工程によって、二層目の硬質Crめっき層の表面の凹部も覆われて、空洞5となる。このようにして、硬質Crめっき層2は、その表面に網目状に延びている微細な凹部4を有し、内部には網目状に延びている微細な空洞5が厚さ方向に独立分布して形成される。すなわち、二層目の硬質Crめっき層に形成された空洞5と三層目の硬質Crめっき層に形成された空洞5は厚さ方向に独立しており、それぞれ母材表面と平行な平面内を網目状に延びて形成されている。
【0017】
従って、表面が摩耗していくと、図に示すa−a線、b−b線、c−c線の位置にいくに従って、表面に露出する凹部の開口幅が次第に小さくなり、耐焼き付き性を一定に維持できない。
【0018】
これに対して、図3(b)は、母材の表面を微細な凹凸形状を有している凹凸面とし、硬質Crめっき工程とエッチング工程を3回繰り返して行った場合を示している。硬質Crめっき層2は、その表面に網目状に延びている微細な凹部4を有し、内部には母材表面の凹凸面に沿って網目状に延びており厚さ方向に独立して分布している微細な空洞5を有している。
【0019】
母材表面が微細な凹凸面に形成されている場合は、網目状に延びている空洞5が母材表面の凹凸面に沿って形成されるため、平面内に形成されず、厚さ方向に波状に形成される。すなわち、二層目の硬質Crめっき層に形成された空洞5と三層目の硬質Crめっき層に形成された空洞5は厚さ方向に独立しており、それぞれ母材表面の凹凸面に沿って網目状に延びて、厚さ方向に波状に形成されている。
【0020】
そのため、表面が図に示すa−a線、b−b線、c−c線の位置へ順次摩耗した場合においても、表面に露出する凹部の開口幅と密度は厚さ方向の各位置において平均化し、表面に露出する凹部はチャンネルタイプ、ピットタイプ、インターメディエイトタイプが混在したものになる。以上より、使用中の耐焼き付き性を一定に維持することができる。
【0021】
【発明の実施の形態】
図1は本発明の一実施形態を示しており、シリンダライナ1の内周面に硬質Crめっき層2が形成されている。シリンダライナ1の内周面の母材表面は微細な凹凸形状を有している凹凸面3に形成されており、この凹凸面3上に、前記硬質Crめっき層2が形成されている。硬質Crめっき層2は、その表面に網目状に延びている微細な凹部4を有しているとともに、内部には母材表面の凹凸面3に沿って網目状に延びており厚さ方向に独立して分布している微細な空洞5を有している。
【0022】
前記凹凸面3は振幅5〜30μm、ピッチ20〜100μmの表面粗さを有している面であり、前記硬質Crめっき層2の断面における空洞面積比率は10〜20%である。
【0023】
次に、上記シリンダライナ1の内周面における硬質Crめっき層2の形成方法について説明する。
【0024】
(1)凹凸面の形成
シリンダライナ1の内周面の母材表面は、旋削加工によって、所定の表面粗さを有する凹凸面に形成される。
【0025】
(2)めっき処理
所定の表面粗さを有する凹凸面とされた内周面の母材表面上に、硬質Crめっき→(硬質Crめっき工程−エッチング工程)の繰り返し→研磨加工を行った。
【0026】
硬質Crめっきのめっき浴組成、および硬質Crめっき工程とエッチング工程の各条件を下記に示す。なお、最初の硬質Crめっきは、ストライクめっき条件で、通常3〜10分であり、他の条件は下記に示す条件と同じである。
【0027】
▲1▼めっき浴組成
CrO 250g/l
SO 1g/l
SiF 5g/l
▲2▼硬質Crめっき工程
電流密度 60A/dm
めっき浴温 50℃
めっき時間 10分
▲3▼エッチング工程
電流密度 50A/dm
めっき浴温 50℃
時間 60秒
【0028】
上記の条件で、硬質Crめっき工程→エッチング工程の1サイクルを行うと、図2(a)に示されているように、硬質Crめっき層2Aが内周面の母材表面上に形成され、硬質Crめっき層2Aの表面には網目状に延びている微細な凹部4が形成される。この場合、凹部4は内周面の母材表面の凹凸面3に沿って形成されるため、平面内に形成されず、厚さ方向に波状に形成される。
【0029】
更に、硬質Crめっき工程→エッチング工程が繰り返して行われると、最初の1サイクルの工程で形成された硬質Crめっき層2Aの上に更に硬質Crめっき層2Bが積層されるため、最初の硬質Crめっき層2Aに形成された凹部4は二層目の硬質Crめっき層2Bによって覆われて、空洞5となる。この際凹部4には硬質Crめっきが部分的に析出するので、空洞5は凹部4よりも小さくなって最初の硬質Crめっき層2Aに残留する。二層目の硬質Crめっき層2Bには、最初の硬質Crめっき層2Aと同様の微細な凹部4が表面に形成されている。
【0030】
以下、硬質Crめっき工程→エッチング工程が所定回数、繰り返して行われると、内周面の母材表面上に所定厚さで硬質Crめっき層2が形成される。
【0031】
上記の条件で、硬質Crめっき工程→エッチング工程の1サイクルを行うと、0.01mm程度のめっき厚さを得ることができるので、例えば0.15mmのめっき厚さを得るには、15サイクル繰り返し行えばよい。
【0032】
(1)耐焼き付き性試験(本発明と従来例との比較)
以下、本発明の摺動部材の耐焼き付き性が、従来の摺動部材に比べて、摺動面の摩耗によって劣化しないことを示す耐焼き付き性試験について説明する。
【0033】
(1)試験片
通常のポーラスCrめっきを施した比較例1,2,3の試験片と、本発明の硬質Crめっき層を有している実施例1,2,3,4の試験片を用意した。試験片の母材は、シリンダライナ用鋳鉄(JIS FC300相当)である。
【0034】
(2)めっき処理
(比較例):
比較例1,2,3は硬質Crめっき工程→エッチング工程→研磨加工工程によって作成した。硬質Crめっきのめっき浴組成、および硬質Crめっき工程とエッチング工程の各条件を下記に示す。
【0035】
▲1▼めっき浴組成
前記本発明の一実施形態で示したCrめっき浴組成と同じ。
▲2▼硬質Crめっき工程
前記本発明の一実施形態で示した硬質Crめっき工程の条件と同じ。
ただし、めっき時間が3時間。
▲3▼エッチング工程
前記本発明の一実施形態で示したエッチング工程の条件と同じ。
【0036】
(実施例):
前記本発明の一実施形態で説明した硬質Crめっき層2の形成方法と同じ。空洞面積比率は15%、母材の表面粗さは振幅8μm、ピッチ30μmである。
【0037】
(3)試験方法
上記試験片の硬質Crめっき層を表面から種々の研磨代で研削して、耐焼き付き性試験に供した。
【0038】
図4に耐焼き付き性試験に使用した公知の高面圧焼き付き試験機の概要を示す。上記で説明した試験片10は、ステータ11により保持され、油圧装置により所定荷重Pでロータ12側に押し付けられる。一方、相手部材たる相手試験片13は、ロータ12により保持され、ロータ12の回転により回転させられる。
【0039】
このような装置において、ステータ11に形成されている注油孔14から摺動面に所定量の給油をしながら、相手試験片13を回転させる。一定時間毎に試験片10に作用させる荷重を段階的に増加させ、試験片10と相手試験片13との摺動により発生するトルクをトルクメータで測定し、記録計に記録させる。焼き付き現象が発生するとトルクが急激に上昇する。したがって、トルクが急激に上昇するときの試験片10に作用する荷重を焼き付き荷重とし、この焼き付き荷重の大小で焼き付き特性の良否を判定する。
【0040】
試験条件は次の通りである。

Figure 0003578873
【0041】
(4)試験結果
耐焼き付き性試験で得られた各試験片の焼き付き荷重を図5に示す。図5に示されているように、比較例は20μm以上の表面研磨により凹部が消滅して、耐焼き付き荷重が大幅に低下する。これに対して、実施例は60μmの表面研磨を行っても、耐焼き付き性が低下しない。
【0042】
(2)耐焼き付き性試験(空洞の面積比率)
次に、硬質Crめっき層の内部に分布する空洞の面積比率が耐焼き付き性に及ぼす影響について試験を行った。この試験に供した試験片は、上記(1)耐焼き付き性試験(本発明と従来例との比較)で説明した実施例の試験片と同じである。ただし、めっき処理の条件におけるエッチング条件を種々変えることによって、空洞の面積比率が異なる種々の試験片を作成した。結果を図6に示す。
【0043】
図6に示されているように、硬質Crめっき層の断面における空洞面積比率は5〜30%の範囲で耐焼き付き性が良好であることがわかる。より好ましい範囲は10〜27%である。
【0044】
(3)耐焼き付き性試験(母材の表面粗さ)
次に、母材の表面粗さが耐焼き付き性に及ぼす影響について試験を行った。この試験に供した試験片は、上記(1)耐焼き付き性試験(本発明と従来例との比較)で説明した実施例の試験片と同じである。ただし、母材表面の表面粗さを種々変えることによって、母材の表面粗さが異なる種々の試験片を作成した。結果を図7に示す。
【0045】
図7に示されているように、硬質Crめっき前の母材表面の表面粗さを振幅H(谷底から山頂までの高さ)が5μm以上、ピッチP(山頂と山頂との距離)が20μm以上に調整したものは、耐焼き付き性が良好であることがわかる。
【0047】
【発明の効果】
以上説明したように、本発明の摺動部材は、使用中に摩耗しても耐焼き付き性、耐摩耗性を良好に維持できるので、摺動部材の長寿命化を図ることができ、また、この摺動部材と組み合わせる相手材を選択する自由度が拡大する。
【図面の簡単な説明】
【図1】本発明の一実施形態を示しており、(a)はシリンダライナを示す縦断面図、(b)は硬質Crめっき層の一部を内周面と垂直な方向から見た拡大図、(c)は内周面の一部の拡大断面図である。
【図2】上記シリンダライナに形成する硬質Crめっき層の製造工程を説明する模式図であり、(a)は硬質Crめっき工程→エッチング工程の1サイクル後を示し、(b)は同工程の2サイクル後を示す。
【図3】母材の表面を所定の表面粗さを有している凹凸面とするのが良い理由を説明するための模式図であり、(a)は母材の表面が平坦面に形成されている場合、(b)は母材の表面が微細な凹凸形状を有している凹凸面に形成されている場合を示す。
【図4】高面圧焼き付き試験機の説明図である。
【図5】本発明と従来例の耐焼き付き性の試験結果を示すグラフである。
【図6】空洞の面積比率を変えた場合の耐焼き付き性の試験結果を示すグラフである。
【図7】(a)は母材の表面粗さを変えた場合の耐焼き付き性の試験結果を示すグラフであり、(b)は表面粗さの振幅を示す説明図、(c)は表面粗さのピッチを示す説明図である。
【符号の説明】
1 シリンダライナ
2 硬質Crめっき層
3 凹凸面
4 凹部
5 空洞
10 試験片
11 ステータ
12 ロータ
13 相手試験片
14 注油孔[0001]
TECHNICAL FIELD OF THE INVENTION
The present invention relates to a sliding member having a hard Cr plating layer on a sliding surface, and is effective when applied to, for example, a cylinder liner or a piston ring of an internal combustion engine.
[0002]
[Prior art]
Hard Cr plating may be applied to the outer peripheral surface and side surfaces of a piston ring for an internal combustion engine or the inner peripheral surface of a cylinder liner. However, although hard Cr plating has high hardness, abrasion resistance, and a low coefficient of friction, it has a drawback of poor oil retention.
[0003]
Therefore, porous Cr plating in which fine concave portions functioning as lubricating oil reservoirs are formed on the surface has been performed to improve seizure resistance, and is particularly used on the inner peripheral surface of a cylinder liner.
[0004]
The method for forming the fine recesses includes:
-There is a method of performing etching by reverse electric treatment after Cr plating, a method of adding surface roughness to the base material, and leaving it on the plating surface.
[0005]
After the hard Cr plating, the fine recesses formed by the etching by the reverse voltage treatment extend in a mesh shape, and due to the size of the processing cost in the polishing process in the subsequent process,
Channel type: The concave part extends like a mesh (when the processing allowance is small)
Pit type: The concave parts are dispersed independently (when the processing cost is large)
Intermediate type: It is divided into three of the above two intermediate types (when the processing allowance is medium). The sliding members are properly used depending on sliding characteristics such as abrasion resistance and seizure resistance required.
[0006]
[Problems to be solved by the invention]
However, the conventional porous Cr plating has a concave portion only on the surface, and a concave portion effective for improving the sliding characteristics does not exist in the plating layer. Therefore, when the sliding surface is worn, the concave portion disappears and there is a disadvantage that the seizure resistance is deteriorated.
[0007]
An object of the present invention is to provide a sliding member having a hard Cr plating layer capable of maintaining good seizure resistance and wear resistance even when the wear of the sliding surface progresses.
[0008]
[Means for Solving the Problems]
The present invention provides a sliding member having a hard Cr plating layer on a sliding surface and a fine recess formed on the surface of the hard Cr plating layer , wherein the hard Cr plating layer is composed of Cr and fine cavities, The minute cavities are independently distributed in the thickness direction inside the hard Cr plating layer, and the cavity area ratio in the cross section of the hard Cr plating layer is 5 to 30% . The above-mentioned cavity area ratio (the cavity area ratio refers to the ratio of the total area of the cavity in the cross section to the area of the cross section) is a sliding property required in the above range in view of seizure resistance and wear resistance. It is good to select according to. If the ratio of the cavity area is large, the wear resistance and the seizure resistance decrease, and if it is small, the seizure resistance decreases. In the case of a cylinder liner, a more preferable range of the cavity area ratio is 10 to 20%.
[0010]
The boundary surface of the base material with the hard Cr plating layer preferably has an amplitude of 5 to 30 μm and a pitch of 20 to 100 μm. This surface roughness can be realized by turning or the like. If the pitch of the surface roughness is too small, a plurality of cavities will not exist in one undulation, and the cavities will be averaged in the thickness direction and will not be distributed. Similarly, if the amplitude of the surface roughness is too small, the averaging effect does not occur. Also, the plated surface tends to be smoother than the base material surface due to the smoothing action of the plating. Due to this effect, if the amplitude of the base material surface is less than 5 μm or the pitch is less than 20 μm, the final plated surface is undesirably smooth and approximated to FIG. 3A. Similarly, when the amplitude of the base material surface exceeds 30 μm, there is a disadvantage that the polishing allowance for the final plating surface increases, and when the pitch size exceeds 100 μm, the sliding surface is locally formed on the sliding surface. This is not preferable because a portion similar to FIG. From the above, the above range is desirable.
[0011]
The sliding member is obtained by repeatedly performing a hard Cr plating step and an electrolytic etching step ( hereinafter, the electrolytic etching step is simply referred to as an etching step ) using a Cr plating bath containing fluorine ions, and laminating the plating . Can be manufactured. If a hard Cr plating is further applied on the hard Cr plating by a Cr plating bath containing fluorine ions, excellent adhesion between the plating layers can be obtained.
[0012]
Since the sliding member of the present invention is formed as described above, the fine concave portion formed on the sliding surface functions as a lubricating oil reservoir, and therefore has high seizure resistance in the initial stage of use. When the sliding surface is worn, a cavity distributed inside the hard Cr plating layer is newly exposed on the sliding surface and becomes a concave portion, so that an appropriate amount of lubricating oil can always be held on the sliding surface. Therefore, even if abrasion progresses, seizure resistance and abrasion resistance can be favorably maintained. Further, since the cavities distributed inside the hard Cr plating layer are independent in the thickness direction, destruction and falling of the hard Cr plating layer are suppressed.
[0013]
The opening width of the cavity as viewed from a direction perpendicular to the sliding surface is preferably 2 to 8 μm on average in terms of strength. This is about 2 as compared with the average value of the opening width of the concave portion of the conventional porous Cr plating.
[0014]
FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram for explaining the reason why the surface of the base material is preferably made to have an uneven surface having a predetermined surface roughness.
[0015]
FIG. 3A shows a case where the surface of the base material is formed to be a flat surface and a case where the hard Cr plating step and the etching step are repeated three times.
[0016]
The hard Cr plating layer formed in the first hard Cr plating step and the etching step has fine concave portions extending in a mesh on the surface. This concave portion has a substantially V-shaped cross section, and is covered with a hard Cr plating layer that is laminated by a second hard Cr plating step and an etching step to form a cavity 5. Similarly, by the third hard Cr plating step and the etching step, the concave portion on the surface of the second hard Cr plating layer is also covered to form the cavity 5. In this manner, the hard Cr plating layer 2 has the fine concave portions 4 extending in a mesh shape on the surface thereof, and the fine cavities 5 extending in the mesh shape are independently distributed in the thickness direction inside. Formed. That is, the cavities 5 formed in the second hard Cr plating layer and the cavities 5 formed in the third hard Cr plating layer are independent in the thickness direction, and are each in a plane parallel to the base material surface. Are formed in a mesh shape.
[0017]
Therefore, as the surface wears, the opening width of the concave portion exposed on the surface gradually decreases as the position of the aa line, the bb line, and the cc line shown in FIG. It cannot be kept constant.
[0018]
On the other hand, FIG. 3B shows a case where the surface of the base material is made to have an uneven surface having fine unevenness, and the hard Cr plating step and the etching step are repeated three times. The hard Cr plating layer 2 has fine recesses 4 extending in a mesh on its surface, and extends in a mesh along the uneven surface of the base material surface, and is distributed independently in the thickness direction. It has a fine cavity 5 which is formed.
[0019]
When the base material surface is formed on a fine uneven surface, the cavities 5 extending in a mesh shape are formed along the uneven surface of the base material surface. It is formed in a wavy shape. That is, the cavities 5 formed in the second hard Cr plating layer and the cavities 5 formed in the third hard Cr plating layer are independent in the thickness direction. It extends in a mesh shape and is formed in a wavy shape in the thickness direction.
[0020]
Therefore, even when the surface is worn sequentially to the positions of the aa line, the bb line, and the cc line shown in the figure, the opening width and the density of the concave portion exposed on the surface are averaged at each position in the thickness direction. The recess exposed on the surface is a mixture of a channel type, a pit type, and an intermediate type. As described above, the seizure resistance during use can be kept constant.
[0021]
BEST MODE FOR CARRYING OUT THE INVENTION
FIG. 1 shows an embodiment of the present invention, in which a hard Cr plating layer 2 is formed on the inner peripheral surface of a cylinder liner 1. The base metal surface of the inner peripheral surface of the cylinder liner 1 is formed on an uneven surface 3 having fine unevenness, and the hard Cr plating layer 2 is formed on the uneven surface 3. The hard Cr plating layer 2 has fine recesses 4 extending in a mesh on the surface thereof, and extends in a mesh along the uneven surface 3 on the surface of the base material in the inside thereof. It has fine cavities 5 distributed independently.
[0022]
The uneven surface 3 has a surface roughness of 5 to 30 μm in amplitude and 20 to 100 μm in pitch, and the cavity area ratio in the cross section of the hard Cr plating layer 2 is 10 to 20%.
[0023]
Next, a method of forming the hard Cr plating layer 2 on the inner peripheral surface of the cylinder liner 1 will be described.
[0024]
(1) Formation of Uneven Surface The base material surface of the inner peripheral surface of the cylinder liner 1 is formed into an uneven surface having a predetermined surface roughness by turning.
[0025]
(2) Plating treatment Hard Cr plating → repetition of (hard Cr plating step−etching step) → polishing was performed on the inner peripheral surface of the base material surface having an uneven surface having a predetermined surface roughness.
[0026]
The plating bath composition of the hard Cr plating and the conditions of the hard Cr plating step and the etching step are shown below. The first hard Cr plating was performed under strike plating conditions, usually for 3 to 10 minutes, and the other conditions were the same as those described below.
[0027]
(1) Plating bath composition CrO 3 250 g / l
H 2 SO 4 1 g / l
H 2 SiF 6 5 g / l
(2) Hard Cr plating process current density 60A / dm 2
Plating bath temperature 50 ℃
Plating time 10 minutes (3) Etching process current density 50 A / dm 2
Plating bath temperature 50 ℃
Time 60 seconds
When one cycle of the hard Cr plating step → the etching step is performed under the above conditions, as shown in FIG. 2A, the hard Cr plating layer 2A is formed on the inner peripheral surface of the base material, On the surface of the hard Cr plating layer 2A, fine concave portions 4 extending in a mesh shape are formed. In this case, since the concave portion 4 is formed along the uneven surface 3 of the base material surface on the inner peripheral surface, the concave portion 4 is not formed in a plane but is formed in a wavy shape in the thickness direction.
[0029]
Further, when the hard Cr plating step → etching step is repeatedly performed, the hard Cr plating layer 2B is further laminated on the hard Cr plating layer 2A formed in the first one cycle step, so that the first hard Cr plating layer is formed. The concave portion 4 formed in the plating layer 2A is covered with the second hard Cr plating layer 2B to form a cavity 5. At this time, since the hard Cr plating is partially deposited in the concave portion 4, the cavity 5 becomes smaller than the concave portion 4 and remains in the first hard Cr plating layer 2A. On the surface of the second hard Cr plating layer 2B, fine recesses 4 similar to the first hard Cr plating layer 2A are formed.
[0030]
Hereinafter, when the hard Cr plating step → etching step is repeatedly performed a predetermined number of times, the hard Cr plating layer 2 is formed with a predetermined thickness on the base material surface on the inner peripheral surface.
[0031]
When one cycle of the hard Cr plating process → the etching process is performed under the above conditions, a plating thickness of about 0.01 mm can be obtained. For example, to obtain a plating thickness of 0.15 mm, repeat 15 cycles. Just do it.
[0032]
(1) Seizure resistance test (comparison between the present invention and a conventional example)
Hereinafter, a seizure resistance test showing that the seizure resistance of the sliding member of the present invention is not deteriorated by wear of the sliding surface as compared with the conventional sliding member will be described.
[0033]
(1) Test pieces The test pieces of Comparative Examples 1, 2, and 3 subjected to ordinary porous Cr plating and the test pieces of Examples 1, 2, 3, and 4 having the hard Cr plating layer of the present invention were used. Prepared. The base material of the test piece is cast iron for a cylinder liner (equivalent to JIS FC300).
[0034]
(2) Plating treatment (comparative example):
Comparative Examples 1, 2, and 3 were prepared by a hard Cr plating process → an etching process → a polishing process. The plating bath composition of the hard Cr plating and the conditions of the hard Cr plating step and the etching step are shown below.
[0035]
(1) Plating bath composition Same as the Cr plating bath composition shown in the embodiment of the present invention.
{Circle over (2)} Hard Cr Plating Step Same conditions as in the hard Cr plating step described in the embodiment of the present invention.
However, the plating time was 3 hours.
{Circle around (3)} Etching Step The same as the etching step conditions described in the embodiment of the present invention.
[0036]
(Example):
The same as the method of forming the hard Cr plating layer 2 described in the embodiment of the present invention. The cavity area ratio is 15%, the surface roughness of the base material is 8 μm in amplitude, and the pitch is 30 μm.
[0037]
(3) Test method The hard Cr plating layer of the test piece was ground from the surface with various polishing allowances, and was subjected to a seizure resistance test.
[0038]
FIG. 4 shows an outline of a known high surface pressure seizure tester used for the seizure resistance test. The test piece 10 described above is held by the stator 11 and pressed against the rotor 12 with a predetermined load P by a hydraulic device. On the other hand, a mating test piece 13 as a mating member is held by the rotor 12 and rotated by the rotation of the rotor 12.
[0039]
In such an apparatus, the opposing test piece 13 is rotated while supplying a predetermined amount of oil to the sliding surface from the lubrication hole 14 formed in the stator 11. The load applied to the test piece 10 is increased stepwise at regular intervals, and the torque generated by sliding between the test piece 10 and the mating test piece 13 is measured by a torque meter and recorded on a recorder. When the burn-in phenomenon occurs, the torque rises sharply. Therefore, the load acting on the test piece 10 when the torque sharply increases is defined as a seizure load, and the quality of the seizure characteristics is determined based on the magnitude of the seizure load.
[0040]
The test conditions are as follows.
Figure 0003578873
[0041]
(4) Test Results The seizure load of each test piece obtained in the seizure resistance test is shown in FIG. As shown in FIG. 5, in the comparative example, the concave portion disappeared due to the surface polishing of 20 μm or more, and the seizure resistance was significantly reduced. On the other hand, in the example, even if the surface is polished to 60 μm, the seizure resistance does not decrease.
[0042]
(2) Seizure resistance test (cavity area ratio)
Next, the effect of the area ratio of the cavities distributed inside the hard Cr plating layer on the seizure resistance was tested. The test piece subjected to this test is the same as the test piece of the example described in the above (1) Seizure resistance test (comparison between the present invention and the conventional example). However, various test pieces having different void area ratios were prepared by variously changing the etching conditions in the plating process conditions. FIG. 6 shows the results.
[0043]
As shown in FIG. 6, it can be seen that the seizure resistance is good when the cavity area ratio in the cross section of the hard Cr plating layer is in the range of 5 to 30%. A more preferred range is 10 to 27%.
[0044]
(3) Seizure resistance test (base metal surface roughness)
Next, a test was performed on the influence of the surface roughness of the base material on the seizure resistance. The test piece subjected to this test is the same as the test piece of the example described in the above (1) Seizure resistance test (comparison between the present invention and the conventional example). However, various test pieces having different surface roughness of the base material were prepared by changing the surface roughness of the base material surface in various ways. FIG. 7 shows the results.
[0045]
As shown in FIG. 7, the surface roughness of the base material surface before hard Cr plating was such that the amplitude H (the height from the valley bottom to the peak) was 5 μm or more and the pitch P (the distance between the peaks) was 20 μm. It can be seen that those prepared above have good seizure resistance.
[0047]
【The invention's effect】
As described above, the sliding member of the present invention can maintain good seizure resistance and abrasion resistance even when worn during use, so that the life of the sliding member can be extended, The degree of freedom in selecting a partner material to be combined with the sliding member is increased.
[Brief description of the drawings]
FIG. 1 shows an embodiment of the present invention, in which (a) is a longitudinal sectional view showing a cylinder liner, and (b) is an enlarged view of a part of a hard Cr plating layer viewed from a direction perpendicular to an inner peripheral surface. FIG. 3C is an enlarged sectional view of a part of the inner peripheral surface.
FIGS. 2A and 2B are schematic diagrams illustrating a manufacturing process of a hard Cr plating layer formed on the cylinder liner, where FIG. 2A shows one cycle after a hard Cr plating process → an etching process, and FIG. Shown after two cycles.
FIGS. 3A and 3B are schematic diagrams for explaining the reason why the surface of the base material is preferably an uneven surface having a predetermined surface roughness. FIG. (B) shows a case where the surface of the base material is formed on an uneven surface having a fine uneven shape.
FIG. 4 is an explanatory view of a high surface pressure seizure tester.
FIG. 5 is a graph showing test results of seizure resistance of the present invention and a conventional example.
FIG. 6 is a graph showing test results of image sticking resistance when the area ratio of a cavity is changed.
7A is a graph showing a test result of seizure resistance when the surface roughness of the base material is changed, FIG. 7B is an explanatory diagram showing the amplitude of the surface roughness, and FIG. It is explanatory drawing which shows the pitch of roughness.
[Explanation of symbols]
DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1 Cylinder liner 2 Hard Cr plating layer 3 Uneven surface 4 Concave portion 5 Cavity 10 Test piece 11 Stator 12 Rotor 13 Opposite test piece 14 Lubrication hole

Claims (2)

摺動面に硬質Crめっき層を有し、この硬質Crめっき層の表面に微細な凹部が形成されている摺動部材において、
硬質Crめっき層はCrと微細な空洞からなり、微細な空洞は硬質Crめっき層の内部に厚さ方向に独立して分布し、硬質Crめっき層の断面における空洞面積比率が5〜30%であることを特徴とする摺動部材。
A sliding member having a hard Cr plating layer on a sliding surface and a fine recess formed on the surface of the hard Cr plating layer,
The hard Cr plating layer is composed of Cr and fine cavities, and the fine cavities are independently distributed in the thickness direction inside the hard Cr plating layer, and the cavity area ratio in the cross section of the hard Cr plating layer is 5 to 30%. sliding member, characterized in that.
前記硬質Crめっき層との母材の境界面が、振幅5〜30μm、ピッチ20〜100μmの表面粗さを有していることを特徴とする請求項記載の摺動部材。Interface of the base material and the hard Cr plating layer, amplitude 5 to 30 [mu] m, a sliding member according to claim 1, characterized in that it has a surface roughness of the pitch 20 to 100 [mu] m.
JP22589096A 1996-08-08 1996-08-08 Sliding member Expired - Fee Related JP3578873B2 (en)

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JP2000017482A (en) 1998-06-26 2000-01-18 Nippon Piston Ring Co Ltd Laminated chromium plating film excellent in wear resistance and fatigue strength
EP1253220A4 (en) * 1999-12-27 2006-03-22 Nippon Piston Ring Co Ltd Sliding member
JP4059621B2 (en) * 2000-09-29 2008-03-12 日本ピストンリング株式会社 Chromium plating sliding member and manufacturing method thereof
CN1764745B (en) 2004-01-30 2012-01-11 株式会社理研 Composite chromium plating film and sliding member having the same and method for manufacture thereof
JP2007231301A (en) * 2004-04-06 2007-09-13 Iox:Kk Method for preparing multi-component alloy onto substrate by molten salt electrolysis
WO2012029405A1 (en) * 2010-08-31 2012-03-08 株式会社村田製作所 Porous metal film, electrode, current collector, electrochemical sensor using same, electric storage device, sliding member, and method for producing porous metal film
JP2019171512A (en) * 2018-03-28 2019-10-10 トヨタ自動車東日本株式会社 Slide member and method for manufacture thereof

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