JP3565570B2 - Method for producing bisphenol A - Google Patents

Method for producing bisphenol A Download PDF

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Publication number
JP3565570B2
JP3565570B2 JP21073293A JP21073293A JP3565570B2 JP 3565570 B2 JP3565570 B2 JP 3565570B2 JP 21073293 A JP21073293 A JP 21073293A JP 21073293 A JP21073293 A JP 21073293A JP 3565570 B2 JP3565570 B2 JP 3565570B2
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Prior art keywords
bisphenol
phenol
separating
acetone
content
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JP21073293A
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JPH0761947A (en
Inventor
政春 井上
寿行 石田
優 小林
洋一 松下
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Mitsubishi Chemical Corp
Nippon Steel Chemical and Materials Co Ltd
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Mitsubishi Chemical Corp
Nippon Steel Chemical Co Ltd
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  • Organic Low-Molecular-Weight Compounds And Preparation Thereof (AREA)
  • Low-Molecular Organic Synthesis Reactions Using Catalysts (AREA)

Description

【0001】
【産業上の利用分野】
本発明は、ビスフェノ−ルAの製造方法に関する。詳しくは、ビスフェノ−ルAの製造に使用される蒸留装置の応力腐食割れを防止して、長期間安定的にビスフェノ−ルAを製造する方法に関する。
【0002】
【従来の技術】
ビスフェノ−ルAは、すなわち2,2−ビス(4−ヒドロキシフェニル)プロパンは、アセトンとその2倍モル以上過剰量のフェノ−ルを酸性イオン交換樹脂等の酸性触媒の存在下に反応させることにより得られる。反応混合物は精製工程へ送られ、アセトン、水等の低沸点物を除去したのち、これを冷却してビスフェノ−ルAとフェノ−ルとのアダクツの結晶を析出させ、この結晶を母液と分離し、次いで脱フェノ−ル処理して精製されたビスフェノ−ルAを回収する方法が一般的である。
【0003】
酸性イオン交換樹脂を用いる反応においては、塩酸等の強酸が反応混合物中に含まれることはないので、触媒回収の心配や装置の腐食の心配がないという利点がある。酸性イオン交換樹脂を用いるビスフェノ−ルAの製造方法においては、特公昭62−54779号公報に示されるように、未反応アセトン、水及び一部のフェノ−ルを含む低沸点物とビスフェノ−ルAやフェノ−ルを含む高沸点物とに分離し、この高沸点物からビスフェノ−ルAが回収されている。そして、酸性イオン交換樹脂はスルホン酸基を含んでおり、しかもメルカプタン基を含むようなイオウ化合物で改良(変性)されたり、アルキルメルカプタンのようなイオウ化合物が共存されたりした状態で使用される。
【0004】
そして、低沸点物の分離は蒸留で行うが、主としてアセトンを分離するアセトン塔と水を分離する水分離塔に分けて行うこともあるし、1塔で行うこともある。このような蒸留塔は反応混合物中に強酸が含まれていないとはいえ、やや酸性であるので、耐酸性の材料で作られている。しかしながら、このような装置において応力腐食割れが生ずることが見出された。
【0005】
【発明が解決しようとする課題】
本発明は、ビスフェノ−ルAを含む反応混合物から、低沸点物を分離する工程の蒸留装置の腐食を防止することを目的とする。
【0006】
【課題を解決するための手段】
本発明者らは、上記課題を解決するため、腐食状況を調べた所、溶接部付近に集中して粒界型応力腐食割れや粒内型応力腐食割れがあることを見出した。そして、この原因を究明すると共に、この環境において最も適した材料を見出し、本発明を完成した。
【0007】
本発明は、アセトンと過剰量のフェノ−ルを、酸性陽イオン交換樹脂を存在させた反応器へ装入して反応させてビスフェノ−ルAを含む反応混合物を得る工程、これからアセトン及び水を主とする低沸点物を分離する工程、フェノ−ルとビスフェノ−ルAを主とする流れからビスフェノ−ルAを回収する工程とを含むビスフェノ−ルAの製造方法において、アセトン及び水を主とする低沸点物を分離する工程に使用される蒸留塔及びコンデンサ−の少なくとも一部の材質を、クロム含有率18〜25%、ニッケル含有率20〜30%、モリブデン含有率3〜6%、カーボン含有率0.03%以下のSUS317(JIS G4304)系オ−ステナイトステンレス鋼とすることを特徴とするビスフェノ−ルAの製造方法である。
【0008】
反応工程は、アセトンと過剰量のフェノ−ルを、酸性陽イオン交換樹脂を存在させた反応器へ装入して反応させる工程である。この原料の一部は、循環される母液である。本発明では、触媒として酸性陽イオン交換樹脂を使用する。酸性陽イオン交換樹脂は、スルホン酸系、硝酸系、カルボン酸系等各種のものが使用できるが、好ましくはスルホン酸系である。また、酸性陽イオン交換樹脂母体となる樹脂としては、スチレン−ジビニルベンゼン共重合体系、パ−フルオロエチレン重合体系、フェノ−ル−ホルムアルデヒド重合体系と各種のものを使用できるが、スチレン−ジビニルベンゼン共重合体系が好ましい。
【0009】
触媒は反応器に固定床として充填してもよいし、けんだく床として充填してもよい。このイオン交換樹脂は前記のようにイオウ化合物で変性されているか、イオウ化合物の共存下で使用される。反応温度は、通常60〜100℃であり、滞留時間は通常0.1〜3時間である。
反応工程で生成する反応混合物は、未反応アセトン、水等の低沸点物とフェノ−ルとビスフェノ−ルAを主とする高沸点物を含んでいる。そこで、次の分離工程に送られる。
【0010】
分離工程は大きく分けると低沸点物を分離する工程と低沸点物が分離されたフェノ−ルとビスフェノ−ルAを主とする流れからフェノ−ルを分離し、ビスフェノ−ルAを回収する工程からなる。そして、低沸点物を分離する工程以降は公知の方法等の任意の方法で行うことができる。
【0011】
低沸点物を分離する蒸留装置は1又は2以上の蒸留塔、コンデンサ−及び配管等からなっている。アセトン、水等の低沸点物の他に、少量のフェノ−ルも共沸して留出する。
ここで蒸留される低沸点物には強酸は含まれていないとはいえ、酸性陽イオン交換樹脂に起因する酸が微量流出する等してやや酸性であるので、この蒸留装置は多少耐酸性のある材料で作られている。しかしながら、SUS304等の通常の材料で蒸留装置に腐食が生ずることが見出された。
【0012】
この腐食の状況を調べると応力腐食割れであって、部位によって異なるが粒界型のものと粒内型のものがあると認められた。しかも、この腐食部位の多くは溶接部又はその熱影響部に集中していることが認められた。
そして、この部位の環境を調べると水が存在し、微量の硫黄イオン、亜硫酸イオン等の硫黄酸化物イオン、酢酸イオン等が存在する所であることが認められた。したがって、本発明において材質をSUS317系オ−ステナイトステンレス鋼とする部位は、溶接部又はその熱影響部であって、このような環境となる部位又はその周辺を含むことが好ましいといえる。
【0013】
SUS317系オ−ステナイトステンレス鋼は、JIS G304に規定されてあり、これにはSUS317J1、SUS317J5L、SUS317J4L等いくつかの種類があるが、本発明で使用するものはクロム含有率18〜25%、ニッケル含有率20〜30%、モリブデン含有率3〜6%、カーボン含有率0.03%以下のものである。カ−ボン含有率が高いと溶接部又はその近辺の耐蝕性が低下する。
【0014】
【実施例】
以下、実施例に基づいて本発明を具体的に説明する。
実施例1
アセトンと過剰のフェノ−ルをスルフォン酸型イオン交換樹脂触媒の存在下に反応させて得られた反応混合物から低沸点成分を蒸留するための蒸留塔塔頂から液を抜き出した。この水相の分析値は硫黄イオン1〜57mg/l、亜硫酸イオン11〜396mg/l、硫酸イオン1〜4mg/l、チオ硫酸イオン2mg/l以下、チオシアンイオン2〜9.3mg/l、塩素イオン1mg/l以下、ぎ酸1mg/l以下、酢酸6〜288mg/lであり、その他フェノ−ル、アセトンを含み、水分98.6%のものであった。
また、油相はエチルベンゼンを主とし、メルカプタン類1〜2重量%含有するものであった。
【0015】
この平均的な水相(pH3.4)と油相の1:2混合物に、各種材質のテストピ−スを浸漬してSSRT(Slow Strain Rate Technique)試験を行った。また、比較のためにブランクとして、シリコンオイルに浸漬して、同様な試験を行った。
引張り速度は0.001mm/min(歪み速度0.8×10−6 sec−1)、試験温度は200℃、テストピ−ス形状は板型とした。
テストピ−ス材質は、SUS304、SUS316L、YUS190(C:0,007,Si:0.19,Cr:18.66,Mo:1.82,Ti:0.21,Nb:0.30,N:0.008)、NAS126(C:0,038,Si:3.40,Cr:18.12,Ni:12.62,Cu:1.50,Nb:0.23)、NAS254N(SUS317J4L,(C:0,010,Si:0.46,Cr:22.98,Ni:24.94,Mo:5.74,N:0.183)の5種類とした。また、溶接の影響を調べるため、これらについて650X2hr熱処理して鋭敏化処理したテストピ−スについても試験を行った。
結果を表1に示す。
【0016】
【表1】

Figure 0003565570
【0017】
表1中の語句の説明は次の通りである。
B1〜B4:ブランク試験
断面収縮率(%)={(最初の断面積−腐食環境での断面積)/(最初の断面積)}×100
割れ感受性指数=(応力腐食割れ破面)/(機械的延性破面−応力腐食割れ破面)
SCC破面率(%)={(応力腐食割れ破面の面積)/(全破面の面積)}×100
そして、NAS254Nが本発明の実施例に該当し、この材質の場合、応力腐食割れが実質的に生じないことが、表1から明らかであり、ビスフェノ−ルAの製造にこれを採用すれば、長期間安定した操業ができることが分かる。
【0018】
【発明の効果】
本発明の製造方法によれば、蒸留装置の応力腐食割れが防止できるので、長期間安定して運転することができる。[0001]
[Industrial applications]
The present invention relates to a method for producing bisphenol A. More specifically, the present invention relates to a method for producing bisphenol A stably for a long period of time by preventing stress corrosion cracking of a distillation apparatus used for producing bisphenol A.
[0002]
[Prior art]
Bisphenol A, that is, 2,2-bis (4-hydroxyphenyl) propane, is obtained by reacting acetone and phenol in a molar excess of 2 times or more thereof in the presence of an acidic catalyst such as an acidic ion exchange resin. Is obtained by The reaction mixture is sent to a purification step to remove low-boiling substances such as acetone and water, and then cooled to precipitate crystals of an adduct of bisphenol A and phenol, which are separated from the mother liquor. Then, a method of recovering the purified bisphenol A by removing the phenol and then removing the phenol is generally used.
[0003]
In a reaction using an acidic ion-exchange resin, a strong acid such as hydrochloric acid is not contained in the reaction mixture, so that there is an advantage that there is no concern about catalyst recovery or apparatus corrosion. In the method for producing bisphenol A using an acidic ion exchange resin, as disclosed in JP-B-62-54779, a low-boiling substance containing unreacted acetone, water and a part of phenol and bisphenol are used. It is separated into high-boiling substances containing A and phenol, and bisphenol A is recovered from the high-boiling substances. The acidic ion exchange resin is used in a state containing a sulfonic acid group and being improved (modified) with a sulfur compound containing a mercaptan group, or in the presence of a sulfur compound such as an alkyl mercaptan.
[0004]
Separation of low-boiling substances is carried out by distillation. The separation may be carried out mainly by an acetone column for separating acetone and a water separation column for separating water, or may be carried out by one column. Such a distillation column is made of an acid-resistant material because it is slightly acidic although the reaction mixture does not contain a strong acid. However, it has been found that stress corrosion cracking occurs in such devices.
[0005]
[Problems to be solved by the invention]
An object of the present invention is to prevent corrosion of a distillation apparatus in a step of separating low-boiling substances from a reaction mixture containing bisphenol A.
[0006]
[Means for Solving the Problems]
The present inventors have investigated the state of corrosion in order to solve the above-mentioned problems, and have found that there are intergranular stress corrosion cracking and intragranular stress corrosion cracking concentrated near the weld. In addition to investigating the cause, the inventors have found the most suitable material in this environment, and completed the present invention.
[0007]
In the present invention, a step of charging acetone and an excessive amount of phenol into a reactor in which an acidic cation exchange resin is present and reacting to obtain a reaction mixture containing bisphenol A, from which acetone and water are separated. A process for separating bisphenol A from a stream mainly containing phenol and bisphenol A, wherein acetone and water are mainly used for separating bisphenol A from a stream mainly containing phenol and bisphenol A. At least a part of the materials of the distillation column and the condenser used in the step of separating low-boiling substances to have a chromium content of 18 to 25%, a nickel content of 20 to 30%, a molybdenum content of 3 to 6%, A process for producing bisphenol A, characterized by using SUS317 (JIS G4304) based austenitic stainless steel having a carbon content of 0.03% or less.
[0008]
In the reaction step, acetone and an excessive amount of phenol are charged into a reactor in which an acidic cation exchange resin is present to cause a reaction. Part of this raw material is the mother liquor that is circulated. In the present invention, an acidic cation exchange resin is used as a catalyst. As the acidic cation exchange resin, various resins such as a sulfonic acid type, a nitric acid type, and a carboxylic acid type can be used, but a sulfonic acid type is preferred. As the resin to be the base of the acidic cation exchange resin, various resins such as a styrene-divinylbenzene copolymer system, a perfluoroethylene polymer system, and a phenol-formaldehyde polymer system can be used. Polymer systems are preferred.
[0009]
The catalyst may be charged to the reactor as a fixed bed or as a solid bed. This ion exchange resin is modified with a sulfur compound as described above or used in the presence of a sulfur compound. The reaction temperature is usually from 60 to 100 ° C, and the residence time is usually from 0.1 to 3 hours.
The reaction mixture formed in the reaction step contains low-boiling substances such as unreacted acetone and water, and high-boiling substances mainly composed of phenol and bisphenol A. Then, it is sent to the next separation step.
[0010]
The separation step is roughly divided into a step of separating low-boiling substances and a step of separating phenol from a stream mainly containing phenol and bisphenol A from which low-boiling substances have been separated, and recovering bisphenol A. Consists of After the step of separating low-boiling substances, any method such as a known method can be used.
[0011]
The distillation apparatus for separating low-boiling substances comprises one or more distillation columns, condensers, piping, and the like. In addition to low-boiling substances such as acetone and water, a small amount of phenol is distilled off azeotropically.
Although the low-boiling matter distilled here does not contain a strong acid, it is slightly acidic, such as a small amount of acid caused by the acidic cation exchange resin. Made of material. However, it has been found that common materials such as SUS304 cause corrosion in the distillation apparatus.
[0012]
Examination of the state of the corrosion revealed that the type of stress corrosion cracking was of the grain boundary type and of the intragranular type, depending on the location. Moreover, it was recognized that most of the corroded portions were concentrated in the welded portion or the heat affected zone thereof.
Examination of the environment at this site revealed that water was present, and that trace amounts of sulfur oxide ions such as sulfite ions and acetate ions were present. Therefore, in the present invention, the portion made of SUS317-based austenitic stainless steel in the present invention is preferably a welded portion or a heat affected zone thereof, and preferably includes a portion having such an environment or its periphery.
[0013]
SUS317-type austenitic stainless steel is specified in JIS G304, and there are several types such as SUS317J1, SUS317J5L, and SUS317J4L. The content is 20 to 30%, the molybdenum content is 3 to 6%, and the carbon content is 0.03% or less. If the carbon content is high, the corrosion resistance at or near the weld decreases.
[0014]
【Example】
Hereinafter, the present invention will be specifically described based on examples.
Example 1
Acetone and excess phenol were reacted in the presence of a sulfonic acid type ion exchange resin catalyst, and a liquid was withdrawn from the top of a distillation column for distilling low boiling components from the reaction mixture obtained. The analysis value of this aqueous phase was 1 to 57 mg / l of sulfur ion, 11 to 396 mg / l of sulfite ion, 1 to 4 mg / l of sulfate ion, 2 mg / l or less of thiosulfate ion, 2 to 9.3 mg / l of thiocyan ion, The content was 1 mg / l or less for ions, 1 mg / l or less formic acid, 6 to 288 mg / l for acetic acid, and also contained phenol and acetone and had a water content of 98.6%.
The oil phase was mainly composed of ethylbenzene and contained 1 to 2% by weight of mercaptans.
[0015]
Test pieces of various materials were immersed in a 1: 2 mixture of the average aqueous phase (pH 3.4) and the oil phase to perform an SSRT (Slow Strain Rate Technique) test. For comparison, a similar test was performed by immersing the blank in silicone oil.
The tensile speed was 0.001 mm / min (strain speed 0.8 × 10 −6 sec −1 ), the test temperature was 200 ° C., and the test piece shape was a plate shape.
The test piece materials are SUS304, SUS316L, YUS190 (C: 0,007, Si: 0.19, Cr: 18.66, Mo: 1.82, Ti: 0.21, Nb: 0.30, N: 0.008), NAS126 (C: 0,038, Si: 3.40, Cr: 18.12, Ni: 12.62, Cu: 1.50, Nb: 0.23), NAS254N (SUS317J4L, (C : 0, 010, Si: 0.46, Cr: 22.98, Ni: 24.94, Mo: 5.74, N: 0.183). Tests were also performed on test pieces which had been sensitized by 650 × 2 hr heat treatment.
Table 1 shows the results.
[0016]
[Table 1]
Figure 0003565570
[0017]
The description of the terms in Table 1 is as follows.
B1 to B4: Blank test cross-sectional shrinkage (%) = {(initial cross-sectional area−cross-sectional area in corrosive environment) / (initial cross-sectional area)} × 100
Crack susceptibility index = (stress corrosion crack fracture surface) / (mechanical ductile fracture surface-stress corrosion crack fracture surface)
SCC fracture ratio (%) = {(area of stress corrosion crack fracture surface) / (area of total fracture surface)} × 100
It is clear from Table 1 that NAS254N corresponds to an example of the present invention, and in the case of this material, stress corrosion cracking does not substantially occur, and if this is adopted in the production of bisphenol A It can be seen that stable operation can be performed for a long time.
[0018]
【The invention's effect】
According to the production method of the present invention, since stress corrosion cracking of the distillation apparatus can be prevented, stable operation can be performed for a long time.

Claims (1)

アセトンと過剰量のフェノ−ルを、酸性陽イオン交換樹脂を存在させた反応器へ装入して反応させてビスフェノ−ルAを含む反応混合物を得る反応工程、これからアセトン及び水を主とする低沸点物を分離する工程、フェノ−ルとビスフェノ−ルAを主とする流れからビスフェノ−ルAを回収する工程とを含むビスフェノ−ルAの製造方法において、アセトン及び水を主とする低沸点物を分離する工程に使用される蒸留塔及びコンデンサ−の少なくとも一部の材質を、クロム含有率18〜25%、ニッケル含有率20〜30%、モリブデン含有率3〜6%、カーボン含有率0.03%以下のSUS317(JIS G4304)系オ−ステナイトステンレス鋼とすることを特徴とするビスフェノ−ルAの製造方法。A reaction step in which acetone and an excess amount of phenol are charged into a reactor in which an acidic cation exchange resin is present and reacted to obtain a reaction mixture containing bisphenol A, which mainly comprises acetone and water. A process for separating bisphenol A from a stream mainly containing phenol and bisphenol A, the method comprising the steps of: separating a low-boiling substance; and recovering bisphenol A from a stream mainly containing phenol and bisphenol A. At least a part of the material of the distillation column and the condenser used in the step of separating the boiling point substances is adjusted to have a chromium content of 18 to 25%, a nickel content of 20 to 30%, a molybdenum content of 3 to 6%, and a carbon content of A method for producing bisphenol A, comprising SUS317 (JIS G4304) austenitic stainless steel of 0.03% or less.
JP21073293A 1993-08-25 1993-08-25 Method for producing bisphenol A Expired - Fee Related JP3565570B2 (en)

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