JP3561921B2 - Nematic liquid crystal composition - Google Patents

Nematic liquid crystal composition Download PDF

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Publication number
JP3561921B2
JP3561921B2 JP18094892A JP18094892A JP3561921B2 JP 3561921 B2 JP3561921 B2 JP 3561921B2 JP 18094892 A JP18094892 A JP 18094892A JP 18094892 A JP18094892 A JP 18094892A JP 3561921 B2 JP3561921 B2 JP 3561921B2
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liquid crystal
crystal composition
compound
group
nematic liquid
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JPH0625667A (en
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清文 竹内
晴義 高津
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DIC Corp
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Dainippon Ink and Chemicals Co Ltd
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Description

【0001】
【産業上の利用分野】
本発明は、電気光学的表示材料として有用なネマチック液晶組成物及び該組成物を用いた液晶表示装置に関する。
【0002】
【従来の技術】
液晶表示セルの代表的なものにTN−LCD(ツイステッド・ネマチック−液晶表示装置)があり、時計、電卓、電子手帳、ポケットコンピュータ、ワードプロセッサ、パーソナルコンピュータなどに使用されている。
【0003】
近年OA機器の処理情報の増加に伴い一画面に表示される情報量が増大しており、コントラスト及び視野角等の表示品位面から特にワードプロセッサ、パーソナルコンピュータなどの高時分割駆動の要求に応えられる方式として、シェファー(Scheffer)等[SID ’85 Digest, P.120 (1985)]あるいは衣川等[SID ’86 Digest, P.122 (1986)]によってSTN(スーパー・ツイスティッド・ネマチック)−LCDが開発され、ワードプロセッサ、パーソナルコンピュータなどの高情報処理用の表示に広く普及しはじめている。
【0004】
【発明が解決しようとする課題】
しかしながら、TN−LCDやSTN−LCDは依然として、特に液晶材料の化学的安定性、液晶表示装置の低電圧駆動性、プレチルト角に係わる表示性能、作製時歩留まりの向上等種々の課題を有している。
【0005】
例えば、ワードプロセッサ、パーソナルコンピューター等の情報量の多いSTN−LCDには高時分割数で、良好な駆動特性を要求されるが、時分割数の増大は駆動電圧の上昇を引き起こし、駆動回路に大きな影響を与える。これを低減させる一つの方法として、例えば、誘電異方性の大きな液晶材料を用いて駆動電圧を低下させる方法が知られており、このような液晶材料としては、エステル系、ビフェニル系等の化合物がある。
【0006】
しかしながら、このような液晶材料の多くは、液晶材料の粘性を増加させて良好な応答特性を得ることを困難にさせたり、あるいは各画素毎のキャパシタンス成分を増加させるものであり、表示可能な駆動周波数範囲を狭め、これによりクロストークを発生させる等の問題を有している。
【0007】
一方、低電圧で駆動可能な従来の液晶材料の場合、一般的に、調製された初期あるいは促進テスト後の抵抗値が低いことが知られているが、この様な液晶材料の低い抵抗値は、時分割数の増大により表示画面のちらつきやコントラストの低下等を引き起こす原因となり、好ましくなかった。
【0008】
更に、情報量の増加による暗い画質を補う目的で、STN−LCDにはバックライトを補助光源として利用することが一般的である。このために、バックライト方式のSTN−LCDに用いられる液晶材料には、耐熱性及び耐光性等の化学的安定性が新たに要求されている。
【0009】
本発明が解決しようとする課題は、特にSTN−LCD用液晶材料として、しきい値電圧が低く、しかも化学的安定性の高いネマチック液晶組成物を提供することにあり、また、この液晶組成物を用いた高時分割特性を有する液晶表示装置を提供することにある。
【0010】
【課題を解決するための手段】
本発明は、上記課題を解決するために、(1)一般式(I)
【0011】
【化4】

Figure 0003561921
【0012】
(式中、kは1〜3の整数を表わし、nは2〜5の整数を表わし、mは0又は1を表わし、XはH又はFを表わす。)
で表わされる化合物及び(2)一般式(II)〜(XX)
【0013】
【化5】
Figure 0003561921
【0014】
【化6】
Figure 0003561921
【0015】
(式中、Rは炭素原子数2〜7の直鎖状アルキル基又はアルケニル基を表わし、Rは炭素原子数2〜7の直鎖状アルキル基、アルコキシル基又はアルケニルオキシ基を表わし、R及びRは各々独立的に、炭素原子数2〜7の直鎖状アルキル基を表わし、環Aは1,4−フェニレン基又は1,4−シクロヘキシレン基を表わし、XはCH又はHを表わし、XはH又はFを表わす。)
で表わされる化合物から成る群から選ばれる化合物
を含有することを特徴とするネマチック液晶組成物を提供する。
【0016】
本発明に係わる一般式(I)で表わされる化合物の代表的なものの例(No.1〜6)とその相転移温度を下記第1表に、また、一般式(II)〜(XX)で表わされる化合物の代表的なものの例(No.7〜38)と、その相転移温度を下記第2表及び第3表に掲げる。
【0017】
【表1】
Figure 0003561921
【0018】
【表2】
Figure 0003561921
【0019】
【表3】
Figure 0003561921
【0020】
(表中、m.p.は結晶相から液晶相又は等方性液体相に相転移する温度を、c.p.は液晶相から等方性液体相に相転移する温度を表わす。)
本発明の液晶組成物の特徴の一つは、一般式(I)で表わされる化合物を含有する点にある。本発明者らは、この一般式(I)の化合物がネマチック液晶材料の応答速度を悪化させることなく駆動電圧を低減する効果を有することを初めて見い出した。更に、一般式(I)の化合物は、表示特性に重要な液晶材料の弾性定数にも有用なものであり、特に弾性定数K11を効果的に低減できる効果を有し、これにより大きな弾性定数比K33/K11を示すネマチック液晶組成物を調製可能とするものである。
【0021】
更に、一般式(I)の化合物は、その末端基に一般式
【0022】
【化7】
2k+1−O−C2n
(上記中、kは1〜3の整数を表わし、nは2〜5の整数を表わす。)
で表わされるアルコキシアルキル基を有することにより、より優れた効果を示し得るのである。もし、一般式(I)で表わされる化合物の類似構造を有する化合物、例えば、一般式(I)における末端基がアルキル基である化合物、あるいはnが6以上である化合物の場合、このような効果は現れないか又は極めて小さなものとなる。また、一般式(I)において、nが1である化合物、特にkが1であり、mが1である化合物の場合、通常の保存状態でも化学変化を生じやすく、また特にkが4以上である化合物の場合、液晶性が著しく低下してしまう等の問題を有している。
【0023】
このことは、一般式(I)における側鎖基のわずかな違いが無視され得ない結果をもたらすものであり、本発明において見いだされた驚くべき事実である。
このことを明らかにするために、以下の実験を行った。
【0024】
現在汎用されている化合物からなる母体液晶として、下記混合液晶(A)及び混合液晶(B)を調製した。
尚、混合液晶(A)は、本発明に係わる一般式(II)で表わされる化合物からなるものである。
【0025】
【化8】
Figure 0003561921
【0026】
【化9】
Figure 0003561921
【0027】
次いで、上記混合液晶(A)70重量%及び第1表中の本発明に係わるNo.1、2、3又は4の化合物30重量%からなるネマチック液晶組成物No.39、40、41及び42を各々調製した。
【0028】
また、比較のために下記第4表に示した本発明外の類似構造を有する式(a)の化合物30重量%及び混合液晶(A)70重量%からなるネマチック液晶組成物(c)も同様に調製した。
【0029】
これらの液晶組成物について、ネマチック相−等方性液体相転移温度TN−I、誘電異方性△ε、複屈折率△n、弾性定数K11、K33、セル厚8μmのTN−LCDを構成したときのしきい値電圧Vth(V)を測定した。この結果を下記第5表に示す。
【0030】
また、混合液晶(B)80重量%及び第1表中の本発明に係わるNo.6又は下記第4表に示した本発明外の類似構造を有する比較の式(b)の化合物20重量%からなるネマチック液晶組成物No.43及び(d)を各々調製し、これらの液晶組成物についても同様に測定した。この結果を下記第6表に示す。
【0031】
【表4】
Figure 0003561921
【0032】
【表5】
Figure 0003561921
【0033】
【表6】
Figure 0003561921
この結果から、一般式(I)で表わされる化合物は、ネマチック液晶材料の駆動電圧を低減させる効果を有し、更に弾性定数比K33/K11を大きくさせ、STN−LCDに有用な液晶材料の調製を可能とさせるものであることが明らかとなった。
【0034】
本発明の液晶組成物において、一般式(I)の化合物を10〜75重量%の範囲で含有することが好ましく、30〜70重量%の範囲が特に好ましい。
【0035】
本発明の液晶組成物は、一般式(I)で表わされる化合物とともに、一般式(II)〜(XX)で表わされる化合物からなる群から選ばれる化合物を含有することにより、上記のような効果を維持向上するものである。
【0036】
一般式(II)〜(XX)で表わされる化合物は、誘電異方性が小さい化合物であり、一般的には、液晶材料に添加した場合に、そのしきい値電圧を上昇させてしまう欠点を有するが、一般式(I)で表わされる化合物と組み合わせて用いることにより、十分に低い駆動電圧で動作できるネマチック液晶組成物を調製することが可能である。
【0037】
また、このうちの特に一般式(II)〜(XI)で表わされる化合物は、ネマチック液晶材料に要求される複屈折率△nを容易に最適化することができ、液晶表示装置の色むらの低減、視角特性の向上、コントラスト比等を増加させ、STN−LCDの表示特性に必要な大きな弾性定数比K33/K11、あるいはTN−LCDに必要な小さな弾性定数比K33/K11を得られるものであり、多くの情報を表示することが可能であり、ネマチック相の温度範囲を特に低温側に拡大させる効果を有し、液晶表示装置の操作可能な温度範囲を広げることができ、ネマチック液晶組成物の粘性を向上させるものであり、高速応答の液晶表示装置を得ることができる。
【0038】
本発明の液晶組成物において、一般式(II)〜(XI)の化合物からなる群から選ばれる化合物を各々0〜40重量%の範囲で含有することが好ましく、総量では10〜70重量%の範囲が好ましく、30〜60重量%の範囲が特に好ましい。
【0039】
また、特に一般式(XII)〜(XX)で表わされる化合物は、ネマチック液晶組成物に要求される複屈折率△nや弾性定数比K33/K11を調整できる化合物であり、液晶表示装置の色むらの低減や、表示特性の改善に有用なものであり、特にネマチック相の温度範囲を高温側に拡大させる効果を有し、液晶表示装置の操作可能な温度範囲を広げ、ネマチック液晶組成物の粘性を悪化させないので、高速応答の液晶表示装置を得ることができる。
【0040】
本発明の液晶組成物において、一般式(XII)〜(XX)の化合物からなる群から選ばれる化合物を各々0〜25重量%の範囲で含有することが好ましく、総量では5〜50重量%の範囲が好ましく、10〜40重量%が特に好ましい。
【0041】
勿論、本発明の液晶組成物は、より高度の液晶表示装置に適した特性を必要とされる場合には、(1)一般式(II)〜(XI)で表わされる化合物からなる群から選ばれる化合物及び(2)一般式(XII)〜(XXIII)で表わされる化合物からなる群から選ばれる化合物を併用することがより好ましく、これによって優れた表示特性を有するネマチック液晶組成物が得られ、STN−LCDやTN−LCDの材料として好ましいものである。
【0042】
本発明の液晶組成物は、上記以外の特性を改善する目的で、通常この分野で液晶材料として認識される他のネマチック液晶、スメクチック液晶、コレステリック液晶などを適時混合して使用することができる。この様な液晶化合物の例を以下に挙げる。
【0043】
【化10】
Figure 0003561921
【0044】
(上記中、Rはアルキル基又はアルコキシル基を表わし、X’はH又はFを表わす。)
【0045】
更に、本発明の液晶組成物は、(1)一般式(I)で表わされる化合物及び(2)一般式(II)〜(XX)で表わされる化合物からなる群から選ばれる化合物を含有することにより、より大きなプレチルト角を形成できる効果も認められる。具体的には、一般式(II)〜(XX)で表わされる化合物だけでは、形成されるプレチルト角に特段の効果を示さないが、一般式(I)で表わされる化合物を含有する液晶組成物では大きなプレチルト角が形成される。
【0046】
この効果は、一般式(I)の化合物の末端基に一般式
【0047】
【化11】
2k+1−O−C2n
(上記中、kは1〜3の整数を表わし、nは2〜5の整数を表わす。)
で表わされるアルコキシアルキル基を有することによるものであり、もし、一般式(I)で表わされる化合物の類似構造を有する化合物、例えば、一般式(I)における末端基がアルキル基である化合物の場合には、この効果は現れないか又は劣るものである。
【0048】
この様にして見いだされた高いプレチルト角を形成する効果は、ストライプ・ドメインが顕著に発生しにくくなり、STNーLCDの作製時の歩止まりを向上させるのに有用である。また、しきい値電圧の低減や急峻性の改良ができ、TNーLCDの時分割駆動特性を向上させるのに優れたものである。
【0049】
以上詳細に述べてきたように、本発明のネマチック液晶組成物は、しきい値電圧が低く、良好な応答速度を示し、しかも化学的安定性の高いネマチック液晶組成物である。従って、本発明のネマチック液晶組成物は、高時分割特性に有用な優れた高速応答性、時分割数の増大による表示画面のちらつきやクロストークを改善し、情報量の多いSTN−LCDに適したものであり、優れた耐熱性及び耐光性により種々の環境下で使用される液晶表示素子に有用なものである。
【0050】
【実施例】
以下、実施例により本発明を詳述するが、本発明はこれらの実施例に限定されるものではない。また、実施例及び比較例における「%」は『重量%』を表わす。
【0051】
(実施例1)
【0052】
【化12】
Figure 0003561921
【0053】
から成るネマチック液晶組成物No.44を調製した。この液晶組成物のネマチック相−等方性液体相転移温度(TN−I)、誘電異方性(△ε)屈折率の異方性(△n)及び8μmのセル厚のTN−LCDにおけるしきい値電圧(Vth)は、以下の通りであった。
【0054】
N−I : 76.6 ℃
Δε : 13.2
Δn : 0.108
th : 1.24 V
【0055】
また、この液晶組成物2gをアンプル管に入れ、真空脱気後窒素置換の処理をして封入し、150℃、1時間の加熱促進テスト、及び10時間の紫外線照射促進テスト「SUNTEST」(オリジナルハナウ社製)後の液晶組成物の比抵抗を測定した。この結果は以下の通りであった。
【0056】
加熱促進テスト後比抵抗 : 7×1011Ω・cm
紫外線照射促進テスト後比抵抗: 2×1011Ω・cm
【0057】
(実施例2)
【0058】
【化13】
Figure 0003561921
【0059】
から成るネマチック液晶組成物No.45を調製し、実施例1と同様にして各物性値及び表示特性を測定した。その結果は以下の通りであった。
N−I : 71.4 ℃
Δε : 14.3
Δn : 0.110
th : 1.27 V
加熱促進テスト後比抵抗 : 7×1011Ω・cm
紫外線照射促進テスト後比抵抗: 3×1011Ω・cm
【0060】
(実施例3)
【0061】
【化14】
Figure 0003561921
【0062】
から成るネマチック液晶組成物No.46を調製し、実施例1と同様にして各物性値及び表示特性を測定した。その結果は以下の通りであった。
N−I : 81.0 ℃
Δε : 13.6
Δn : 0.102
th : 1.40 V
加熱促進テスト後比抵抗 : 7×1011Ω・cm
紫外線照射促進テスト後比抵抗: 3×1011Ω・cm
【0063】
(実施例4)
【0064】
【化15】
Figure 0003561921
【0065】
から成るネマチック液晶組成物No.47を調製し、実施例1と同様にして各物性値及び表示特性を測定した。その結果は以下の通りであった。
N−I : 70.6 ℃
Δε : 13.8
Δn : 0.170
th : 1.33 V
加熱促進テスト後比抵抗 : 8×1011Ω・cm
紫外線照射促進テスト後比抵抗: 4×1011Ω・cm
【0066】
(実施例5)
【0067】
【化16】
Figure 0003561921
【0068】
から成るネマチック液晶組成物No.48を調製し、実施例1と同様にして各物性値及び表示特性を測定した。その結果は以下の通りであった。
N−I : 100.0 ℃
Δε : 8.9
Δn : 0.170
th : 1.98 V
【0069】
(実施例6)
【0070】
【化17】
Figure 0003561921
【0071】
から成るネマチック液晶組成物No.49を調製し、実施例1と同様にして各物性値及び表示特性を測定した。その結果は以下の通りであった。
N−I : 97.9 ℃
Δε : 10.9
Δn : 0.181
th : 1.70 V
【0072】
(実施例7)
【0073】
【化18】
Figure 0003561921
【0074】
から成るネマチック液晶組成物No.50を調製し、実施例1と同様にして各物性値及び表示特性を測定した。その結果は以下の通りであった。
N−I : 100.2 ℃
Δε : 11.8
Δn : 0.201
th : 1.73 V
【0075】
(実施例8)
【0076】
【化19】
Figure 0003561921
【0077】
から成るネマチック液晶組成物No.51を調製し、実施例1と同様にして各物性値及び表示特性を測定した。また、8μmのセル厚のTN−LCDにおける立ち上がり時間(τ)と立ち下がり時間(τ)が等しくなる応答時間(τ=τ)も測定した。その結果は以下の通りであった。
【0078】
N−I : 66.3 ℃
Δε : 9.8
Δn : 0.097
th : 1.36 V
τ=τ : 49.9 ミリ秒
【0079】
(比較例1)
【0080】
【化20】
Figure 0003561921
【0081】
から成る混合液晶(e)を調製し、実施例8と同様にして各物性値及び表示特性を測定した。その結果は以下の通りであった。
N−I : 68.4 ℃
Δε : 8.6
Δn : 0.098
th : 1.55 V
τ=τ : 55.5 ミリ秒
上記実施例8のほうが、比較例1と比べて、速応答性に優れ、低電圧で表示が可能であることが理解できる。
【0082】
(実施例9)
実施例8及び比較例1の各液晶材料にカイラル物質「S−811」(メルク社製)を添加したNo.52と(f)の混合液晶を調製し、対向する平面透明電極上に「サンエバー150」の有機膜をラビングして形成した配向膜をゆうしたツイスト角220°のSTN−LCD表示用セルに各々注入し、表示特性を測定した。その結果を第7表に示した。
【0083】
なお、カイラル物質は、カイラル物質の添加による混合液晶の固有らせんピッチPと表示用セルのセル厚dが、Δn・d=0.85、d/P=0.53となるように添加した。電圧無印加時における表示セルの透過率を0%とし十分に高い印加電圧における透過率を100%としたとき、第6表中のVTHは透過率が20%となる電圧を、γは透過率が80%となる電圧VSATとVTHの比(VSAT/VTH)を、Nmaxは時分割駆動線数[(γ+1)/(γー1)]を表わす。
【0084】
【表7】
Figure 0003561921
上記実施例8の混合液晶の方が、比較例1と比べて、高時分割数で駆動ができ、低電圧で表示が可能であることが理解できる。
【0085】
【発明の効果】
本発明のネマチック液晶組成物は、しきい値電圧が低く、良好な応答速度を示し、しかも化学的安定性の高いネマチック液晶組成物である。従って、本発明のネマチック液晶組成物は、高時分割特性に有用な優れた高速応答性、時分割数の増大による表示画面のちらつきやクロストークを改善でき、優れた耐熱性及び耐光性により、種々の環境下で使用される情報量の多い液晶表示素子に有用なものである。[0001]
[Industrial applications]
The present invention relates to a nematic liquid crystal composition useful as an electro-optical display material, and a liquid crystal display using the composition.
[0002]
[Prior art]
A typical liquid crystal display cell is a TN-LCD (Twisted Nematic-Liquid Crystal Display), which is used for watches, calculators, electronic organizers, pocket computers, word processors, personal computers, and the like.
[0003]
In recent years, the amount of information displayed on one screen has increased with the increase in the processing information of OA equipment, and it can meet the demand for high time-division driving of word processors, personal computers, and the like, particularly in terms of display quality such as contrast and viewing angle. As a method, Scheffer et al. [SID '85 Digest, P.S. 120 (1985)] or Kinukawa et al. [SID '86 Digest, P.S. 122 (1986)], STN (Super Twisted Nematic) -LCD has been developed, and has begun to be widely used for high-information processing displays such as word processors and personal computers.
[0004]
[Problems to be solved by the invention]
However, TN-LCDs and STN-LCDs still have various problems such as chemical stability of liquid crystal materials, low-voltage drivability of liquid crystal display devices, display performance related to pretilt angle, and improvement in production yield. I have.
[0005]
For example, a STN-LCD having a large amount of information, such as a word processor or a personal computer, is required to have a high time division number and good drive characteristics. Affect. As one method of reducing this, for example, a method of lowering the driving voltage using a liquid crystal material having a large dielectric anisotropy is known. As such a liquid crystal material, a compound such as an ester compound or a biphenyl compound is used. There is.
[0006]
However, many of such liquid crystal materials increase the viscosity of the liquid crystal material to make it difficult to obtain good response characteristics, or increase the capacitance component of each pixel, so that the driving that can be displayed is performed. There is a problem that the frequency range is narrowed, thereby causing crosstalk.
[0007]
On the other hand, in the case of a conventional liquid crystal material which can be driven at a low voltage, it is generally known that the prepared initial or post-acceleration test resistance is low, but such a liquid crystal material has a low resistance. However, an increase in the number of time divisions causes flickering of the display screen and a decrease in contrast, which is not preferable.
[0008]
Further, in order to compensate for dark image quality due to an increase in the amount of information, STN-LCDs generally use a backlight as an auxiliary light source. For this reason, a liquid crystal material used for a backlight type STN-LCD is required to have new chemical stability such as heat resistance and light resistance.
[0009]
An object of the present invention is to provide a nematic liquid crystal composition having a low threshold voltage and a high chemical stability, particularly as a liquid crystal material for STN-LCD. An object of the present invention is to provide a liquid crystal display device having high time-division characteristics using the same.
[0010]
[Means for Solving the Problems]
In order to solve the above problems, the present invention provides (1) a compound represented by the general formula (I):
[0011]
Embedded image
Figure 0003561921
[0012]
(In the formula, k represents an integer of 1 to 3, n represents an integer of 2 to 5, m represents 0 or 1, and X represents H or F.)
And (2) general formulas (II) to (XX)
[0013]
Embedded image
Figure 0003561921
[0014]
Embedded image
Figure 0003561921
[0015]
(Wherein, R 1 represents a straight-chain alkyl group or alkenyl group having 2 to 7 carbon atoms, R 2 represents a straight-chain alkyl group, alkoxyl group or alkenyloxy group having 2 to 7 carbon atoms, R 3 and R 4 each independently represent a linear alkyl group having 2 to 7 carbon atoms, ring A represents a 1,4-phenylene group or 1,4-cyclohexylene group, and X 1 represents CH 1 3 or H, and X 2 represents H or F.)
A nematic liquid crystal composition comprising a compound selected from the group consisting of:
[0016]
Representative examples of the compounds represented by the general formula (I) according to the present invention (Nos. 1 to 6) and their phase transition temperatures are shown in Table 1 below, and those represented by the general formulas (II) to (XX). Representative examples of the compounds represented (Nos. 7 to 38) and their phase transition temperatures are shown in Tables 2 and 3 below.
[0017]
[Table 1]
Figure 0003561921
[0018]
[Table 2]
Figure 0003561921
[0019]
[Table 3]
Figure 0003561921
[0020]
(In the table, mp indicates a temperature at which a phase transition from a crystal phase to a liquid crystal phase or an isotropic liquid phase is made, and cp indicates a temperature at which a phase transition from a liquid crystal phase to an isotropic liquid phase is made.)
One of the features of the liquid crystal composition of the present invention is that it contains the compound represented by the general formula (I). The present inventors have found for the first time that the compound of the general formula (I) has an effect of reducing the driving voltage without deteriorating the response speed of the nematic liquid crystal material. Furthermore, compounds of general formula (I) is useful in the elastic constant of the critical liquid crystal material in the display characteristics, has the effect of particularly effectively reduce the elastic constant K 11, thereby a large elastic constant A nematic liquid crystal composition having a ratio of K 33 / K 11 can be prepared.
[0021]
Further, the compound of the general formula (I) has a terminal group represented by the general formula:
Embedded image
C k H 2k + 1 -O- C n H 2n -
(In the above, k represents an integer of 1 to 3, and n represents an integer of 2 to 5.)
By having an alkoxyalkyl group represented by the formula, a more excellent effect can be exhibited. If a compound having a structure similar to that of the compound represented by the general formula (I), for example, a compound in which the terminal group in the general formula (I) is an alkyl group or a compound in which n is 6 or more, such an effect is obtained. Does not appear or is very small. Further, in the general formula (I), in the case of a compound in which n is 1, particularly a compound in which k is 1 and m is 1, a chemical change is likely to occur even in a normal storage state. In the case of a certain compound, there is a problem that the liquid crystallinity is remarkably reduced.
[0023]
This is a surprising fact found in the present invention, in which the slight difference in the side chain group in the general formula (I) gives a non-negligible result.
The following experiment was conducted to clarify this.
[0024]
The following mixed liquid crystal (A) and mixed liquid crystal (B) were prepared as base liquid crystals composed of compounds that are currently widely used.
The mixed liquid crystal (A) is composed of the compound represented by the general formula (II) according to the present invention.
[0025]
Embedded image
Figure 0003561921
[0026]
Embedded image
Figure 0003561921
[0027]
Next, 70% by weight of the mixed liquid crystal (A) and No. 1 according to the present invention in Table 1 were used. Nematic liquid crystal composition No. 1, consisting of 30% by weight of the compound of No. 1, 2, 3 or 4 39, 40, 41 and 42 were each prepared.
[0028]
For comparison, a nematic liquid crystal composition (c) composed of 30% by weight of the compound of the formula (a) having a similar structure and having 70% by weight of the mixed liquid crystal (A), which is shown in Table 4 below and has a similar structure, is the same. Was prepared.
[0029]
For these liquid crystal compositions, a TN-LCD having a nematic phase-isotropic liquid phase transition temperature T NI , a dielectric anisotropy Δε, a birefringence Δn, elastic constants K 11 and K 33 , and a cell thickness of 8 μm. The threshold voltage V th (V) at the time of configuring was measured. The results are shown in Table 5 below.
[0030]
Further, 80% by weight of the mixed liquid crystal (B) and No. 1 according to the present invention in Table 1 were used. No. 6 or a nematic liquid crystal composition No. 6 consisting of 20% by weight of a compound of the comparative formula (b) having a similar structure outside the present invention shown in Table 4 below. 43 and (d) were prepared, respectively, and these liquid crystal compositions were measured in the same manner. The results are shown in Table 6 below.
[0031]
[Table 4]
Figure 0003561921
[0032]
[Table 5]
Figure 0003561921
[0033]
[Table 6]
Figure 0003561921
From this result, the compound represented by formula (I), nematic has the effect of reducing the driving voltage of the liquid crystal material, to further increase the elastic constant ratio K 33 / K 11, useful liquid crystal material STN-LCD It has been found that this allows the preparation of
[0034]
The liquid crystal composition of the present invention preferably contains the compound of the formula (I) in a range of 10 to 75% by weight, particularly preferably in a range of 30 to 70% by weight.
[0035]
The liquid crystal composition of the present invention contains the compound represented by the general formula (I) and a compound selected from the group consisting of the compounds represented by the general formulas (II) to (XX), whereby the above-described effects are obtained. To maintain and improve.
[0036]
The compounds represented by the general formulas (II) to (XX) are compounds having a small dielectric anisotropy, and generally have a disadvantage that when added to a liquid crystal material, the threshold voltage is increased. However, when used in combination with the compound represented by the general formula (I), it is possible to prepare a nematic liquid crystal composition that can operate at a sufficiently low driving voltage.
[0037]
In particular, the compounds represented by the general formulas (II) to (XI) can easily optimize the birefringence Δn required for the nematic liquid crystal material, and can improve the color unevenness of the liquid crystal display device. Reduction, improvement of viewing angle characteristics, increase of contrast ratio, etc., to increase the large elastic constant ratio K 33 / K 11 required for STN-LCD display characteristics or the small elastic constant ratio K 33 / K 11 required for TN-LCDs. Is obtained, it is possible to display a lot of information, has the effect of expanding the temperature range of the nematic phase particularly to the low temperature side, it is possible to expand the operable temperature range of the liquid crystal display device, The viscosity of the nematic liquid crystal composition is improved, and a high-speed response liquid crystal display device can be obtained.
[0038]
The liquid crystal composition of the present invention preferably contains a compound selected from the group consisting of compounds of the general formulas (II) to (XI) in a range of 0 to 40% by weight, and a total amount of 10 to 70% by weight. The range is preferable, and the range of 30 to 60% by weight is particularly preferable.
[0039]
The compounds represented by the general formulas (XII) to (XX) are compounds capable of adjusting the birefringence Δn and the elastic constant ratio K 33 / K 11 required for the nematic liquid crystal composition. It is useful for reducing color unevenness and improving display characteristics of a liquid crystal display device. In particular, it has an effect of expanding the temperature range of a nematic phase to a higher temperature side, expanding the operable temperature range of a liquid crystal display device, and nematic liquid crystal composition. Since the viscosity of the object is not deteriorated, a liquid crystal display device with a high response speed can be obtained.
[0040]
The liquid crystal composition of the present invention preferably contains a compound selected from the group consisting of compounds of the general formulas (XII) to (XX) in a range of 0 to 25% by weight, and a total amount of 5 to 50% by weight. The range is preferably, and particularly preferably 10 to 40% by weight.
[0041]
Needless to say, the liquid crystal composition of the present invention is selected from the group consisting of (1) compounds represented by the general formulas (II) to (XI) when characteristics suitable for a more advanced liquid crystal display device are required. It is more preferable to use a compound selected from the group consisting of compounds represented by formula (XII) to (XXIII) and (2) a compound represented by formula (XII) to (XXIII), whereby a nematic liquid crystal composition having excellent display characteristics can be obtained. It is preferable as a material for STN-LCD and TN-LCD.
[0042]
In the liquid crystal composition of the present invention, other nematic liquid crystals, smectic liquid crystals, cholesteric liquid crystals, and the like, which are generally recognized as liquid crystal materials in this field, can be used as needed in order to improve other properties. Examples of such liquid crystal compounds are given below.
[0043]
Embedded image
Figure 0003561921
[0044]
(In the above, R represents an alkyl group or an alkoxyl group, and X ′ represents H or F.)
[0045]
Further, the liquid crystal composition of the present invention contains (1) a compound represented by the general formula (I) and (2) a compound selected from the group consisting of the compounds represented by the general formulas (II) to (XX). Thus, the effect of forming a larger pretilt angle is also recognized. Specifically, the compounds represented by the general formulas (II) to (XX) alone do not show a special effect on the formed pretilt angle, but the liquid crystal composition containing the compound represented by the general formula (I) In this case, a large pretilt angle is formed.
[0046]
This effect is achieved by adding a compound of the general formula (I) to the terminal group of the compound of the general formula (I).
Embedded image
C k H 2k + 1 -O- C n H 2n -
(In the above, k represents an integer of 1 to 3, and n represents an integer of 2 to 5.)
A compound having a structure similar to that of the compound represented by the general formula (I), for example, a compound in which the terminal group in the general formula (I) is an alkyl group This effect does not appear or is inferior.
[0048]
The effect of forming a high pretilt angle found in this way makes it difficult for stripe domains to be remarkably generated, and is useful for improving the yield at the time of manufacturing an STN-LCD. In addition, the threshold voltage can be reduced and the steepness can be improved, which is excellent in improving the time-division driving characteristics of the TN-LCD.
[0049]
As described above in detail, the nematic liquid crystal composition of the present invention is a nematic liquid crystal composition having a low threshold voltage, exhibiting a good response speed, and having high chemical stability. Therefore, the nematic liquid crystal composition of the present invention has excellent high-speed response useful for high time division characteristics, improves display screen flicker and crosstalk due to an increase in the number of time divisions, and is suitable for STN-LCDs with a large amount of information. It is useful for a liquid crystal display element used in various environments due to excellent heat resistance and light resistance.
[0050]
【Example】
Hereinafter, the present invention will be described in detail with reference to examples, but the present invention is not limited to these examples. “%” In Examples and Comparative Examples represents “% by weight”.
[0051]
(Example 1)
[0052]
Embedded image
Figure 0003561921
[0053]
Nematic liquid crystal composition No. 44 was prepared. This liquid crystal composition has a nematic phase-isotropic liquid phase transition temperature ( TN-I ), dielectric anisotropy (△ ε), anisotropy of refractive index (△ n), and a TN-LCD having a cell thickness of 8 μm. The threshold voltage (V th ) was as follows.
[0054]
T NI : 76.6 ° C
Δε: 13.2
Δn: 0.108
V th : 1.24 V
[0055]
In addition, 2 g of the liquid crystal composition was placed in an ampoule tube, subjected to vacuum degassing and then subjected to a process of purging with nitrogen, and sealed therein. The specific resistance of the liquid crystal composition after Hanau Co.) was measured. The results were as follows.
[0056]
Specific resistance after heating acceleration test: 7 × 10 11 Ω · cm
Specific resistance after UV irradiation acceleration test: 2 × 10 11 Ω · cm
[0057]
(Example 2)
[0058]
Embedded image
Figure 0003561921
[0059]
Nematic liquid crystal composition No. 45 was prepared, and its physical properties and display characteristics were measured in the same manner as in Example 1. The results were as follows.
T NI : 71.4 ° C
Δε: 14.3
Δn: 0.110
V th : 1.27 V
Specific resistance after heating acceleration test: 7 × 10 11 Ω · cm
Specific resistance after UV irradiation acceleration test: 3 × 10 11 Ω · cm
[0060]
(Example 3)
[0061]
Embedded image
Figure 0003561921
[0062]
Nematic liquid crystal composition No. 46 were prepared, and each physical property value and display characteristic were measured in the same manner as in Example 1. The results were as follows.
T NI : 81.0 ° C
Δε: 13.6
Δn: 0.102
V th : 1.40 V
Specific resistance after heating acceleration test: 7 × 10 11 Ω · cm
Specific resistance after UV irradiation acceleration test: 3 × 10 11 Ω · cm
[0063]
(Example 4)
[0064]
Embedded image
Figure 0003561921
[0065]
Nematic liquid crystal composition No. 47 were prepared, and each physical property value and display characteristic were measured in the same manner as in Example 1. The results were as follows.
T NI : 70.6 ° C.
Δε: 13.8
Δn: 0.170
V th : 1.33 V
Specific resistance after heating acceleration test: 8 × 10 11 Ω · cm
Specific resistance after UV irradiation acceleration test: 4 × 10 11 Ω · cm
[0066]
(Example 5)
[0067]
Embedded image
Figure 0003561921
[0068]
Nematic liquid crystal composition No. 48 were prepared, and their physical property values and display characteristics were measured in the same manner as in Example 1. The results were as follows.
T NI : 100.0 ° C.
Δε: 8.9
Δn: 0.170
V th : 1.98 V
[0069]
(Example 6)
[0070]
Embedded image
Figure 0003561921
[0071]
Nematic liquid crystal composition No. 49 were prepared, and each physical property value and display characteristic were measured in the same manner as in Example 1. The results were as follows.
T NI : 97.9 ° C
Δε: 10.9
Δn: 0.181
V th : 1.70 V
[0072]
(Example 7)
[0073]
Embedded image
Figure 0003561921
[0074]
Nematic liquid crystal composition No. 50 were prepared, and their physical property values and display characteristics were measured in the same manner as in Example 1. The results were as follows.
T NI : 100.2 ° C.
Δε: 11.8
Δn: 0.201
V th : 1.73 V
[0075]
(Example 8)
[0076]
Embedded image
Figure 0003561921
[0077]
Nematic liquid crystal composition No. 51 were prepared, and the physical properties and display characteristics were measured in the same manner as in Example 1. In addition, the response time (τ r = τ d ) in which the rise time (τ r ) and the fall time (τ d ) in the TN-LCD having a cell thickness of 8 μm were measured was also measured. The results were as follows.
[0078]
T NI : 66.3 ° C.
Δε: 9.8
Δn: 0.097
V th : 1.36 V
τ r = τ d : 49.9 milliseconds
(Comparative Example 1)
[0080]
Embedded image
Figure 0003561921
[0081]
Was prepared, and the physical properties and display characteristics were measured in the same manner as in Example 8. The results were as follows.
T NI : 68.4 ° C.
Δε: 8.6
Δn: 0.098
V th : 1.55 V
τ r = τ d : 55.5 ms It can be understood that Example 8 is superior to Comparative Example 1 in terms of quick response and enables display at a low voltage.
[0082]
(Example 9)
In each of the liquid crystal materials of Example 8 and Comparative Example 1, the chiral substance “S-811” (manufactured by Merck) was added. 52 and (f) were prepared, and an alignment film formed by rubbing an organic film of “Sanever 150” on the opposing flat transparent electrode was placed in a STN-LCD display cell having a twist angle of 220 ° with a twist angle of 220 °. It was injected and the display characteristics were measured. The results are shown in Table 7.
[0083]
The chiral substance was added so that the intrinsic helical pitch P of the mixed liquid crystal and the cell thickness d of the display cell due to the addition of the chiral substance were Δn · d = 0.85 and d / P = 0.53. Assuming that the transmittance of the display cell when no voltage is applied is 0% and the transmittance at a sufficiently high applied voltage is 100%, V TH in Table 6 is a voltage at which the transmittance becomes 20%, and γ is a transmittance. the ratio of the voltage V SAT and V TH which rate is 80% (V SAT / V TH ), N max is the time division driving line number [(γ 2 +1) / ( γ 2 - 1)] represents 2.
[0084]
[Table 7]
Figure 0003561921
It can be understood that the liquid crystal mixture of Example 8 can be driven with a higher number of time divisions and can be displayed with a lower voltage than that of Comparative Example 1.
[0085]
【The invention's effect】
The nematic liquid crystal composition of the present invention is a nematic liquid crystal composition having a low threshold voltage, exhibiting a good response speed, and having high chemical stability. Therefore, the nematic liquid crystal composition of the present invention has excellent high-speed responsiveness useful for high time-division characteristics, can improve display screen flicker and crosstalk by increasing the number of time divisions, and has excellent heat resistance and light resistance. It is useful for a liquid crystal display device having a large amount of information used in various environments.

Claims (2)

(1)一般式(I)
Figure 0003561921
(式中、kは1〜3の整数を表わし、nは2〜5の整数を表わし、mは0又は1を表わし、XはH又はFを表わす。)で表わされる化合物を含有し(2)誘電異方性の小さい化合物すなわち誘電異方性が−2〜1である化合物を含有する液晶組成物において、該誘電異方性の小さい化合物が一般式(III)〜(XX)
Figure 0003561921
Figure 0003561921
(式中、R1は炭素原子数2〜7の直鎖状アルキル基又はアルケニル基を表わし、R2は炭素原子数2〜7の直鎖状アルキル基、アルコキシル基又はアルケニルオキシ基を表わし、R3及びR4は各々独立的に、炭素原子数2〜7の直鎖状アルキル基を表わし、環Aは1,4−フェニレン基又は1,4−シクロヘキシレン基を表わし、X1はCH3又はHを表わし、X2はH又はFを表わす。)で表わされる化合物から成る群から選ばれる化合物からなることを特徴とするネマチック液晶組成物。
(1) General formula (I)
Figure 0003561921
(Wherein, k represents an integer of 1 to 3, n is an integer of 2 to 5, m is 0 or 1, X represents H or F.) Contains a compound represented by (2 ) In a liquid crystal composition containing a compound having a small dielectric anisotropy, that is, a compound having a dielectric anisotropy of -2 to 1, the compound having a small dielectric anisotropy has a general formula (III) to (XX).
Figure 0003561921
Figure 0003561921
(Wherein, R 1 represents a straight-chain alkyl group or alkenyl group having 2 to 7 carbon atoms, R 2 represents a straight-chain alkyl group, alkoxyl group or alkenyloxy group having 2 to 7 carbon atoms, R 3 and R 4 each independently represent a linear alkyl group having 2 to 7 carbon atoms, ring A represents a 1,4-phenylene group or 1,4-cyclohexylene group, and X 1 represents CH 3 or represents H, X 2 is a nematic liquid crystal composition characterized by comprising a compound selected from the group consisting of compounds represented by represents.) H or F.
請求項1記載のネマチック液晶組成物を用いたスーパー・ツイステッド・ネマチック液晶表示装置。A super twisted nematic liquid crystal display using the nematic liquid crystal composition according to claim 1.
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CN104152156A (en) * 2014-07-22 2014-11-19 北京大学 N-phase liquid crystal material for STN (super twisted nematic)
CN104152156B (en) * 2014-07-22 2015-12-02 北京大学 A kind of STN N phase liquid crystal material

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