JP3556086B2

JP3556086B2 - Combustion control device and combustion control method for waste melting furnace

Info

Publication number: JP3556086B2
Application number: JP04028098A
Authority: JP
Inventors: 清之川戸
Original assignee: Kubota Corp
Current assignee: Kubota Corp
Priority date: 1998-02-23
Filing date: 1998-02-23
Publication date: 2004-08-18
Anticipated expiration: 2018-02-23
Also published as: JPH11237021A

Description

【０００１】
【発明の属する技術分野】
本発明は、廃棄物溶融炉の制御装置及び燃焼制御方法に関し、詳しくは被処理物を溶融処理する主室内で燃料を燃焼させて燃焼火炎を形成する燃焼装置を備え、前記主室内の温度を検出する温度検出手段を設けて、前記燃焼装置への燃料供給量を調節する燃料調節弁と、前記燃焼装置への空気供給量を調節する空気調節弁とを、前記温度検出手段で検出した主室内温度と前記主室の目標温度とに基き開度調節する燃焼制御手段を備える廃棄物溶融炉の燃焼制御装置及びその燃焼制御方法に関する。
【０００２】
【従来の技術】
従来、廃棄物溶融炉においては、投入された被処理物を溶融処理する主室からの排ガス出口に排ガス温度を検出する温度検出手段を設けて、前記温度検出手段からの検出温度から炉内温度を検出し、検出した炉内温度を目標温度に近付けるべく燃料供給量を調節することが行われている（例えば、特公平４‐３５６７６号公報参照）。
【０００３】
【発明が解決しようとする課題】
上記従来の廃棄物溶融炉の燃焼制御においては、フィードバック制御であり、ハンティング及びオーバーシュート、アンダーシュートは避け難く、その程度を小さくするためには応答速度を犠牲にして、遅れの大きい制御を行わざるを得いという問題があった。また、応答速度を重視してオーバーシュートを許した場合には、余分の燃料を必要とすることになり、燃料資源の節約の観点からも好ましくないという問題を有していた。
そこで、本発明の廃棄物溶融炉の燃焼制御装置及び燃焼制御方法は、上記の問題点を解決し、適正量の燃料を供給しながら、燃焼制御のハンティングを防止できる手段を提供することを目的とする。
【０００４】
【課題を解決するための手段】
〔特徴構成〕
上記の目的のための本発明の廃棄物溶融炉の燃焼制御装置の第１特徴構成は、請求項１に記載の如く、主室温度と、前主室からの排ガスの流量とに基づき、計算式
ΔＱ＝Ｃｐｅ×Ｇｅ × （Ｔ_Ｔ−Ｔ_Ｆ）
（但し、ΔＱ：算出される所要熱量、Ｃｐｅ：排ガスの定圧比熱、Ｇｅ：主室からの排ガス流量、Ｔ_Ｔ：主室の目標温度、Ｔ_Ｆ：主室温度）により、目標温度に対する前記主室温度の温度偏差に相当する所要熱量を算出し、前記算出した所要熱量に対して、燃料の低位発熱量に基づき、
Ｇｆ＝ΔＱ／Ｈｕ
（但し、Ｇｆ：燃料追加量、Ｈｕ：燃料の低位発熱量）として、燃料追加量を算出する演算手段を燃焼制御手段に設けて、前記燃焼制御手段を、前記演算手段で算出した燃料追加量を加給するように燃料調節弁の開度を調節するとともに、前記燃料調節弁の開度調節に伴い、所定の空気比に維持すべく空気調節弁の開度を調節するように構成してある点にある。尚、上記燃料追加量には負の値も含むものとし、負の値の燃料追加量の加給は、燃料供給量の減少を意味する。この点については以下全て同じである。
【０００５】
上記の目的のための本発明の廃棄物溶融炉の燃焼制御装置の第２特徴構成は、請求項２に記載の如く、主室温度と、主室からの排ガスの流量と、燃料の低位発熱量と、供給燃料の温度と、供給空気温度とに基づき、計算式
Ｇｆ＝Ｃｐｅ×Ｇｅ × （Ｔ_Ｔ−Ｔ_Ｆ）／｛Ｈｕ＋Ｃｐｆ×（Ｔｆ −Ｔ_Ｔ）＋Ｃｐａ×α×λ×（Ｔａ −Ｔ_Ｔ）｝
（但し、Ｇｆ：燃料追加量、Ｃｐｅ：排ガスの定圧比熱、Ｇｅ：主室からの排ガス流量、Ｔ_Ｔ：主室の目標温度、Ｔ_Ｆ：主室温度、Ｈｕ：燃料の低位発熱量、Ｃｐｆ：燃料の定圧比熱、Ｔｆ：供給燃料の温度、Ｃｐａ：空気の定圧比熱、α：燃料追加量に対する理論空気量係数、λ：所定空気比、Ｔａ：供給空気温度）により、前記主室内を目標温度に維持するに必要な燃料追加量を算出する演算手段を燃焼制御手段に設けて、前記燃焼制御手段を、前記演算手段で算出した燃料追加量を加給するように燃料調節弁の開度を調節するとともに、前記燃料調節弁の開度調節に伴い、前記主室内を所定の空気比に維持すべく空気調節弁の開度を調節するように構成してある点にある。
【０００６】
上記の目的のための本発明の廃棄物溶融炉の燃焼制御装置の第３特徴構成は、請求項３に記載の如く、主室温度と、主室からの排ガスの流量と、前記主室内を目標温度に維持するに必要な燃料追加量とに基づき、前記目標温度に対する前記主室温度の温度偏差に相当する所要熱量を算出する計算式
ΔＱ1＝Ｃpe×Ｇe×（Ｔ_Ｔ−Ｔ_Ｆ）＋Ｃpa×Ｇf×α×λ×（Ｔ_Ｔ−Ｔa）＋Ｃpf×Ｇf×（Ｔ _Ｔ −Ｔ f)
（但し、ΔＱ1：算出される所要熱量、Ｃpe：排ガスの定圧比熱、Ｇe：主室からの排ガス流量、Ｔ_Ｔ：主室の目標温度、Ｔ_Ｆ：主室温度、Ｃpa：空気の定圧比熱、Ｇf：燃料追加量、α：燃料追加量に対する理論空気量係数、λ：所定空気比、Ｔa：供給空気温度、Ｃpf：燃料の定圧比熱、Ｔf：供給燃料の温度）と、前記燃料追加量と、これに対して所定空気比で供給する空気量とによる前記主室内への供給熱量を算出する計算式
ΔＱ2＝Ｇf×Ｈu
（但し、Ｈu：燃料の低位発熱量）とに基づき、前記両式に対して前記燃料追加量をパラメータとして、前記所要熱量と前記供給熱量との差を所定の収束値以下とする収束計算を行い燃料追加量を算出する演算手段を燃焼制御手段に設けて、前記燃焼制御手段を、前記演算手段で算出した燃料追加量を加給するように燃料調節弁の開度を調節するとともに、前記燃料調節弁の開度調節に伴い、前記主室内を所定の空気比に維持すべく空気調節弁の開度を調節するように構成してある点にある。尚、上記差を所定の収束値以下とするとは、収束値の絶対値を定め、差の絶対値を収束値の絶対値以下とすることを意味する。この点についても以下全て同じとする。
【０００７】
そして、請求項４に記載の如く、上記第３特徴構成における燃焼装置への燃料供給路を複数設けて、異なる種類の燃料を同時に供給可能に構成すると共に、演算手段を、前記複数の燃料供給路について、夫々の燃料に対する燃料追加量を加給するように構成して、前記燃料制御手段を、前記演算手段で算出した前記各燃料に対する燃料追加量を加給するように前記複数の燃料供給路に備える燃料調節弁の開度を各別に調節すると共に、前記各燃料調節弁の開度調節に合わせて、前記空気調節弁の開度を調節するように構成してあれば（第４特徴構成）さらによい。尚、燃焼装置において各燃料毎に空気供給する場合には、夫々の空気供給路に空気量調節弁を設けて夫々の空気比を調節するように各空気供給量を調節すればよく、各燃料供給路から主室内に燃料を供給しながら、前記主室内で燃料と空気を後混合燃焼させるように構成してある場合には、各燃料に対する理論空気量を基に空気比を定めて空気供給量を設定すればよい。
【０００８】
上記の目的のための本発明の廃棄物溶融炉の燃焼制御方法の第１特徴構成は、請求項５に記載の如く、主室温度と、主室からの排ガスの流量とに基づき、計算式
ΔＱ＝Ｃｐｅ×Ｇｅ × （Ｔ_Ｔ−Ｔ_Ｆ）
（但し、ΔＱ：算出される所要熱量、Ｃｐｅ：排ガスの定圧比熱、Ｇｅ：主室からの排ガス流量、Ｔ_Ｔ：主室の目標温度、Ｔ_Ｆ：主室温度）により、目標温度に対する前記主室温度の温度偏差に相当する所要熱量を算出し、前記算出した所要熱量に対して、燃料の低位発熱量に基づき、
Ｇｆ＝ΔＱ／Ｈｕ
（但し、Ｇｆ：燃料追加量、Ｈｕ：燃料の低位発熱量）として、燃料追加量を算出して、燃焼装置への燃料供給量に、前記算出した燃料追加量を加給するとともに、前記加給後の燃料供給量に対して、所定の空気比に維持すべく前記空気供給量を調節する点にある。
【０００９】
上記の目的のための本発明の廃棄物溶融炉の燃焼制御方法の第２特徴構成は、請求項６に記載の如く、主室温度と、主室からの排ガスの流量と、燃料の低位発熱量と、供給燃料の温度と、供給空気温度とに基づき、計算式
Ｇｆ＝Ｃｐｅ×Ｇｅ × （Ｔ_Ｔ−Ｔ_Ｆ）／｛Ｈｕ＋Ｃｐｆ×（Ｔｆ −Ｔ_Ｔ）＋Ｃｐａ×α×λ×（Ｔａ −Ｔ_Ｔ）｝
（但し、Ｇｆ：燃料追加量、Ｃｐｅ：排ガスの定圧比熱、Ｇｅ：主室からの排ガス流量、Ｔ_Ｔ：主室の目標温度、Ｔ_Ｆ：主室温度、Ｈｕ：燃料の低位発熱量、Ｃｐｆ：燃料の定圧比熱、Ｔｆ：供給燃料の温度、Ｃｐａ：空気の定圧比熱、α：燃料追加量に対する理論空気量係数、λ：所定空気比、Ｔａ：供給空気温度）により、主室内を目標温度に維持するに必要な燃料追加量を算出して、燃焼装置への燃料供給量に前記算出した燃料追加量を加給するとともに、前記加給後の燃料供給量に対して所定の空気比に維持すべく前記空気供給量を調節する点にある。
【００１０】
上記の目的のための本発明の廃棄物溶融炉の燃焼制御方法の第３特徴構成は、請求項７に記載の如く、主室温度と、主室からの排ガスの流量と、前記主室内を目標温度に維持するに必要な燃料追加量とに基づき、前記目標温度に対する前記主室温度の温度偏差に相当する所要熱量を算出する計算式
ΔＱ1＝Ｃpe×Ｇe×（Ｔ_Ｔ−Ｔ_Ｆ）＋Ｃpa×Ｇf×α×λ×（Ｔ_Ｔ−Ｔa）＋Ｃpf×Ｇf×（Ｔ _Ｔ −Ｔ f)
（但し、ΔＱ1：算出される所要熱量、Ｃpe：排ガスの定圧比熱、Ｇe：主室からの排ガス流量、Ｔ_Ｔ：主室の目標温度、Ｔ_Ｆ：主室温度、Ｃpa：空気の定圧比熱、Ｇf：燃料追加量、α：燃料追加量に対する理論空気量係数、λ：所定空気比、Ｔa：供給空気温度、Ｃpf：燃料の定圧比熱、Ｔf：供給燃料の温度）
と、前記燃料追加量と、これに対して所定空気比で供給する空気量とによる前記主室内への供給熱量を算出する計算式
ΔＱ2＝Ｇf×Ｈu
（但し、Ｈu：燃料の低位発熱量）とに基づき、前記両式に対して前記追加燃料をパラメータとして、前記所要熱量と前記供給熱量との差を所定の収束値以下に収束させる収束計算を行い燃料追加量を算出して、燃焼装置への燃料供給量に、前記算出した燃料追加量を加給するとともに、前記加給後の燃料供給量に対して、所定の空気比に維持すべく空気供給量を調節する点にある。
【００１１】
そして、請求項８に記載の如く、上記燃焼制御方法の第３特徴構成における燃焼装置に異なる種類の複数の燃料を供給すると共に、前記複数の燃料に対して燃料追加量を各別に算出して、燃焼装置への夫々の燃料供給量に、前記算出した夫々の燃料追加量を加給するとともに、前記加給後の各燃料供給量に対して、夫々所定の空気比に維持すべく前記空気供給量を調節すれば（第４特徴構成）さらによい。
【００１２】
〔各特徴構成の作用効果〕
上記廃棄物溶融炉の燃焼制御装置の第１特徴構成或いはその燃焼制御方法の第１特徴構成によれば、燃料の過剰供給を防止しながら、主室内温度を目標温度に維持できるようになる。つまり、炉内の所要熱量を算出し、それに必要な燃料追加量を求めるから、最低限必要な燃料供給量を設定でき、予測制御を行うことによってオーバーシュートを回避できる。従って、燃料の過剰供給を防止できる。その結果、燃料の適正量供給を維持しながら、燃焼制御のハンティングを防止できるようになる。
【００１３】
上記廃棄物溶融炉の燃焼制御装置の第２特徴構成或いはその燃焼制御方法の第２特徴構成によれば、制御の応答速度を高めながら燃焼制御のハンティングを防止できる。つまり、所要加熱量を求める式と補給熱量を求める式とから得た解析解として求めた燃料追加量と、それに伴う空気追加量とを供給するから、最低限必要且つ充分な熱量を供給することになり、主室内温度を目標温度に維持しながら過剰熱量供給を防止できる。
その結果、適正量の燃料を供給しながら、燃焼制御のハンティングを防止できるようになる。
【００１４】
上記廃棄物溶融炉の燃焼制御装置の第３特徴構成或いはその燃焼制御方法の第３特徴構成によっても、制御の応答速度を高めながら燃焼制御のハンティングを防止できる。つまり、所要加熱量を与える式と補給熱量を与える式とを、計算式を任意に定めることができるから、装置の条件に合わせた条件式で設定できる。例えば、解析解を求めるには未知数が多くて解を求めることが容易でないような条件下でも収束計算により容易に収束解が得られる。殊に、複数種類の燃料を炉内で燃焼させる場合も容易に解を得ることが出来る。しかも、最低限必要且つ充分な熱量を供給することになり、主室内温度を目標温度に維持しながら過剰熱量供給を防止できる。
その結果、複数種類の燃料を供給する場合であっても、適正量の燃料を供給しながら、燃焼制御のハンティングを防止できるようになる。
【００１５】
上記廃棄物溶融炉の燃焼制御装置の第４特徴構成或いはその燃焼制御方法の第４特徴構成によれば、上記両第３特徴構成の作用効果に加えて、複数燃料の供給下でも適正量の燃料追加量を設定でき、制御の応答速度を高めながら燃焼制御のハンティングを防止できる。つまり、複数の燃料個々について供給可能な補給熱量を求める計算式と、前記複数の燃料に関する燃料追加量夫々に対する所要熱量を求める計算式とを用いて、その解となる燃料追加量を個々の燃料について求めれば、夫々の燃料追加量は最低限必要且つ充分な供給量であり、従って、過剰の熱量供給がないから、制御のオーバーシュートを防止でき、また、供給熱量に不足もないから、制御のアンダーシュートも防止できる。例えば、二種類の燃料を燃焼させようとする場合に、両燃料の供給比率を定めなくても、任意に両燃料追加量を関連づけて求めることが可能であり、空気供給の形態も種々可変である。さらに多種類の燃料を供給する場合にも、例えば燃焼発熱量の高い燃料を優先的に追加するように繰り返し条件を設定すれば、制御応答を高めることが可能であり、優先して燃焼させるべき燃料の供給量を多くするように繰り返し条件を設定すれば、それに応じた各燃料の追加供給量を決定できる。
その結果、複数種類の燃料を供給しながら、燃料追加量を適正量に維持し、燃焼制御のハンティングを防止できるようになる。
【００１６】
【発明の実施の形態】
上記本発明の廃棄物溶融炉の燃焼制御装置の実施の形態の一例について、以下に、図面を参照しながら説明する。
【００１７】
廃棄物溶融炉には、被処理物を溶融処理する主室１内で燃料を燃焼させて燃焼火炎を形成する燃焼装置５を備え、前記主室１内の温度を検出するシース型熱伝対を用いた温度検出手段２を設けてある。そして、前記燃焼装置５には、燃料を供給する燃料供給路６と、前記燃料を燃焼させるための空気を供給する空気供給路７とを備えている。前記燃料供給路６には前記燃焼装置５への燃料供給量を調節する燃料調節弁６ａを備え、前記空気供給路７には前記燃焼装置５への空気供給量を調節する空気調節弁７ａを備えている。さらに、前記温度検出手段２で検出した主室内温度と前記主室１の目標温度とに基づき開度調節するための、演算手段４を備える燃焼制御手段３を設けてある。
【００１８】
前記演算手段４は、主室温度（Ｔ_Ｆ）と、前記主室１からの排ガスの定圧比熱（Ｃｐｅ）と、前記排ガスの流量（Ｇｅ）と、前記主室１に供給する燃料の低位発熱量（Ｈｕ）と、前記主室１に供給する燃料の温度（Ｔｆ）と、前記燃料の定圧比熱（Ｃｐｆ）と、燃料の追加に伴い前記燃焼装置５、即ち前記主室１に供給される空気の定圧比熱（Ｃｐａ）と、前記空気の温度（Ｔａ）と、前記燃料追加量に対する理論空気量係数（α）と、前記主室１における燃料に対する所定空気比（λ）とに基づき、前記主室１内を前記目標温度（Ｔ_Ｔ）に維持するに必要とする燃料追加量（Ｇｆ）を、計算式
Ｇｆ＝Ｃｐｅ×Ｇｅ × （Ｔ_Ｔ−Ｔ_Ｆ）／｛Ｈｕ＋Ｃｐｆ×（Ｔｆ −Ｔ_Ｔ）＋Ｃｐａ×α×λ×（Ｔａ −Ｔ_Ｔ）｝
により計算するように構成してある。
【００１９】
前記燃焼制御手段３は、前記演算手段４で算出した燃料追加量（Ｇｆ）を前記燃焼装置５に加給するように前記燃料供給路６に備える燃料調節弁６ａの開度を調節するとともに、前記燃料調節弁６ａの開度調節に伴い、前記主室１内を所定の空気比に維持すべく前記空気供給路７に備える空気調節弁７ａの開度を調節するように構成してある。
【００２０】
以上のように構成してあるから、前記廃棄物溶融炉における各プロセスデータ（Ｃｐｅ，Ｇｅ，Ｔ_Ｆ，Ｈｕ，Ｃｐｆ，Ｔｆ，Ｃｐａ， α， λ，Ｔａ）から一意的に前記主室１内を所定の目標温度（Ｔ_Ｔ）に維持するための燃料追加量（Ｇｆ）を算出でき、その結果に基づいて前記燃焼装置５に供給する燃料及び空気の量を調節するから、従来のフィードバック制御と異なり、制御のハンティング（即ちオーバーシュート、アンダーシュート）を防止できる。
【００２１】
次に、本発明の他の実施の形態について説明する。
〈１〉上記実施の形態に於いては、演算手段４が、主室温度（Ｔ_Ｆ）と、前記主室１からの排ガスの定圧比熱（Ｃｐｅ）と、前記排ガスの流量（Ｇｅ）と、前記主室１に供給する燃料の低位発熱量（Ｈｕ）と、前記主室１に供給する燃料の温度（Ｔｆ）と、前記燃料の定圧比熱（Ｃｐｆ）と、燃料の追加に伴い前記燃焼装置５、即ち前記主室１に供給される空気の定圧比熱（Ｃｐａ）と、前記空気の温度（Ｔａ）と、前記燃料追加量に対する理論空気量係数（α）と、前記主室１における燃料に対する所定空気比（λ）とに基づき、前記主室１内を前記目標温度（Ｔ_Ｔ）に維持するに必要とする燃料追加量（Ｇｆ）を、計算式
Ｇｆ＝Ｃｐｅ×Ｇｅ × （Ｔ_Ｔ−Ｔ_Ｆ）／｛Ｈｕ＋Ｃｐｆ×（Ｔｆ −Ｔ_Ｔ）＋Ｃｐａ×α×λ×（Ｔａ −Ｔ_Ｔ）｝
により計算するように構成してある例について説明したが、前記燃料追加量（Ｇｆ）を求めるのに、前記主室温度（Ｔ_Ｆ）を前記目標温度（Ｔ_Ｔ）に維持するに必要とする所要熱量（ΔＱ）を、前記排ガスの定圧比熱（Ｃｐｅ）と、前記排ガスの流量（Ｇｅ）と、前記目標温度（Ｔ_Ｔ）と前記主室温度（Ｔ_Ｆ）との差とから、計算式
ΔＱ＝Ｃｐｅ×Ｇｅ ×（Ｔ_Ｔ−Ｔ_Ｆ）
により算出し、算出した所要熱量（ΔＱ）と、前記主室１に供給する燃料の低位発熱量（Ｈｕ）とから、前記燃料追加量（Ｇｆ）を、計算式
Ｇｆ＝ΔＱ／Ｈｕ
により求めるように構成してあってもよい。このように構成すれば、簡単な計算でありながら、比較的精度よく制御できる。
〈２〉上記実施の形態に於いては、演算手段４が、主室温度（Ｔ_Ｆ）と、前記主室１からの排ガスの定圧比熱（Ｃｐｅ）と、前記排ガスの流量（Ｇｅ）と、前記主室１に供給する燃料の低位発熱量（Ｈｕ）と、前記主室１に供給する燃料の温度（Ｔｆ）と、前記燃料の定圧比熱（Ｃｐｆ）と、燃料の追加に伴い前記燃焼装置５、即ち前記主室１に供給される空気の定圧比熱（Ｃｐａ）と、前記空気の温度（Ｔａ）と、前記燃料追加量に対する理論空気量係数（α）と、前記主室１における燃料に対する所定空気比（λ）とに基づき、前記主室１内を前記目標温度（Ｔ_Ｔ）に維持するに必要とする燃料追加量（Ｇｆ）を、計算式
Ｇｆ＝Ｃｐｅ×Ｇｅ × （Ｔ_Ｔ−Ｔ_Ｆ）／｛Ｈｕ＋Ｃｐｆ×（Ｔｆ −Ｔ_Ｔ）＋Ｃｐａ×α×λ×（Ｔａ −Ｔ_Ｔ）｝
により計算するように構成してある例について説明したが、前記燃料追加量（Ｇｆ）を求めて制御するのに代えて、前記主室温度（Ｔ_Ｆ）を、前記目標温度（Ｔ_Ｔ）に維持するに必要とする熱量（ΔＱ_Ｔ）を、前記排ガスの定圧比熱（Ｃｐｅ）と、前記排ガスの流量（Ｇｅ）と、前記目標温度（Ｔ_Ｔ）と大気温度（Ｔａ）との差とから、計算式
ΔＱ_Ｔ＝Ｃｐｅ×Ｇｅ ×（Ｔ_Ｔ−Ｔａ）
により算出し、前記算出した必要熱量（ΔＱ_Ｔ）に対して、前記主室１に供給する燃料の低位発熱量（Ｈｕ）に基づき、前記燃焼装置５に燃料を供給する目標燃料供給量（Ｇｆ_Ｔ）を、計算式
Ｇｆ_Ｔ＝ΔＱ_Ｔ／Ｈｕ
により求めて前記燃焼装置５への目標燃料供給量（Ｇｆ_Ｔ）を設定するように構成してあってもよい。
〈３〉上記実施の形態に於いては、単一の前記燃焼装置５に単一の燃料を供給する例について説明したが、前記燃焼装置５への燃料供給路６を、例えば図２に示すように、燃焼装置５Ａへの燃料供給路６Ａと、燃焼装置５Ｂへの燃料供給路６Ｂに分割形成して、複数の燃料供給経路を設け、異なる種類の燃料を同時に供給可能に構成すると共に、前記燃料追加量（Ｇｆ）を求めるのに、夫々の燃料の低位発熱量（Ｈｕ^１），（Ｈｕ^２）とその各々の流量（Ｇｆ^１），（Ｇｆ^２）及び定圧比熱（Ｃｐｆ^１），（Ｃｐｆ^２）に対して、前記空気供給量を前記夫々の燃料に対して算出するように構成した、前記主室温度（Ｔ_Ｆ）と、前記主室１からの排ガスの流量（Ｇｅ）と、前記主室１内を前記目標温度（Ｔ_Ｔ）に維持するに必要な夫々の燃料に関する燃料追加量（Ｇｆ^１），（Ｇｆ^２）と、夫々の燃料追加量に対する理論空気量係数（α^１），（α^２）と、前記主室１内の所定空気比（λ）と、供給空気温度（Ｔａ）とに基づき、前記目標温度（Ｔ_Ｔ）に対する前記主室温度（Ｔ_Ｆ）の温度偏差に相当する所要熱量（ΔＱ１）を算出する計算式
ΔＱ１＝Ｃｐｅ×Ｇｅ × （Ｔ_Ｔ−Ｔ_Ｆ）＋Ｃｐａ×（Ｇｆ^１×α^１＋Ｇｆ^２×α^２）×λ×（Ｔ_Ｔ−Ｔａ）＋｛Ｃｐｆ^１×Ｇｆ^１×（Ｔ_Ｔ−Ｔｆ^１）＋Ｃｐｆ^２×Ｇｆ^２×（Ｔ_Ｔ−Ｔｆ^２）｝
と、前記夫々の燃料追加量（Ｇｆ^１），（Ｇｆ^２）と、これに対して前記所定空気比（λ）で供給する空気量とによる前記主室１内への夫々の燃料の供給に伴う供給熱量（ΔＱ２^１），（ΔＱ２^２）を算出する計算式
ΔＱ２^１＝Ｇｆ^１×Ｈｕ^１
ΔＱ２^２＝Ｇｆ^２×Ｈｕ^２
とに対して、前記燃料追加量（Ｇｆ^１），（Ｇｆ^２）をパラメータとして、逐次前記所要熱量（ΔＱ１）と前記供給熱量の和（ΔＱ２^１＋ΔＱ２^２）を計算し、前記所要熱量（ΔＱ１）と前記供給熱量の和（ΔＱ２^１＋ΔＱ２^２）との差が所定の収束値以下となるまで計算を繰り返して収束計算を行い燃料追加量（Ｇｆ）を算出するようにしてあってもよい。尚、説明の簡単のために上記は二種類の燃料を供給する例について説明したが、三種類以上の燃料を供給するようにしてあってもよい。
【００２２】
尚、特許請求の範囲の項に図面との対照を便利にするために符号を記すが、該記入により本発明は添付図面の構成に限定されるものではない。
【図面の簡単な説明】
【図１】本発明に係る廃棄物溶融炉の一例の説明図
【図２】本発明に係る廃棄物溶融炉の他の例の説明図
【符号の説明】
１主室
２温度検出手段
３燃焼制御手段
４演算手段
５燃焼装置
６燃料供給路
６ａ燃料調節弁
７ａ空気調節弁[0001]
TECHNICAL FIELD OF THE INVENTION
The present invention relates to a control device and a combustion control method for a waste melting furnace, and more particularly to a control device and a combustion control method, which include a combustion device that forms a combustion flame by burning fuel in a main chamber that melts and processes an object to be processed, A temperature control means for adjusting the amount of fuel supplied to the combustion device, and an air control valve for adjusting the amount of air supplied to the combustion device, wherein the temperature detection means detects the temperature. The present invention relates to a combustion control device of a waste melting furnace having a combustion control means for adjusting an opening degree based on a room temperature and a target temperature of the main chamber, and a combustion control method therefor.
[0002]
[Prior art]
Conventionally, in a waste melting furnace, a temperature detecting means for detecting an exhaust gas temperature is provided at an exhaust gas outlet from a main chamber for melting and processing an inputted object to be treated, and the temperature in the furnace is determined based on the detected temperature from the temperature detecting means. Is detected, and the fuel supply amount is adjusted so that the detected furnace temperature approaches the target temperature (for example, see Japanese Patent Publication No. 4-35676).
[0003]
[Problems to be solved by the invention]
In the combustion control of the above-mentioned conventional waste melting furnace, feedback control is performed, and hunting, overshoot, and undershoot are inevitable. To reduce the degree, control with a large delay is performed at the expense of response speed. There was a compelling problem. In addition, when overshooting is allowed with an emphasis on the response speed, extra fuel is required, which is not preferable from the viewpoint of saving fuel resources.
Therefore, an object of the present invention is to provide a means for preventing combustion hunting while supplying an appropriate amount of fuel while solving the above-mentioned problems. And
[0004]
[Means for Solving the Problems]
(Feature configuration)
A first characteristic configuration of the combustion control apparatus of the waste melting furnace according to the present invention for the above-mentioned object is, as described in claim 1, based on a calculation based on a main chamber temperature and a flow rate of exhaust gas from the front main chamber. formula _{ΔQ = Cpe × Ge × (T} T -T F)
(However, Delta] Q: heating requirements calculated, Cpe: exhaust gas specific heat at constant pressure, Ge: exhaust gas flow rate from the main chamber, _{T T:} target temperature of the main chamber, _{T F:} main compartment temperature) by the main to the target temperature Calculate the required heat amount corresponding to the temperature deviation of the room temperature, based on the calculated required heat amount, based on the lower heating value of the fuel,
Gf = ΔQ / Hu
(Where, Gf: additional fuel amount, Hu: lower heating value of fuel), an arithmetic means for calculating the additional fuel amount is provided in the combustion control means, and the combustion control means is replaced by the additional fuel amount calculated by the arithmetic means. In addition to adjusting the opening of the fuel control valve so as to increase the pressure, the opening of the air control valve is adjusted to maintain a predetermined air ratio with the adjustment of the opening of the fuel control valve. On the point. The additional fuel amount includes a negative value, and the addition of the negative additional fuel amount means a decrease in the fuel supply amount. In this regard, the same applies hereinafter.
[0005]
A second characteristic configuration of the combustion control apparatus of the waste melting furnace according to the present invention for the above object is as described in claim 2, wherein the main chamber temperature, the flow rate of the exhaust gas from the main chamber, and the low heat generation of the fuel are provided. the amount, the temperature of the fuel supply, based on the supply air temperature, formula _{Gf = Cpe × Ge × (T} T -T F) / {Hu + Cpf × (Tf -T T) + Cpa × α × λ × (Ta −T _T )｝
(However, Gf: fuel addition amount, Cpe: exhaust gas specific heat at constant pressure, Ge: exhaust gas flow rate from the main chamber, _{T T:} target temperature of the main chamber, _{T F:} main compartment temperature, Hu: lower heating value of the fuel, Cpf : Constant-pressure specific heat of fuel, Tf: temperature of supplied fuel, Cpa: constant-pressure specific heat of air, α: theoretical air amount coefficient for added fuel amount, λ: predetermined air ratio, Ta: supply air temperature). Arithmetic means for calculating an additional amount of fuel required to maintain the temperature is provided in the combustion control means, and the combustion control means adjusts the opening of the fuel control valve so as to add the additional amount of fuel calculated by the arithmetic means. In addition to adjusting the opening degree of the fuel control valve, the opening degree of the air control valve is adjusted so as to maintain the main chamber at a predetermined air ratio.
[0006]
A third characteristic configuration of the combustion control apparatus of the waste melting furnace according to the present invention for the above-mentioned object is as described in claim 3, wherein the main chamber temperature, the flow rate of exhaust gas from the main chamber, and based on the fuel addition amount required to maintain the target temperature, calculation ΔQ1 = Cpe × Ge × calculating a required amount of heat corresponding to the temperature deviation of the main chamber temperature with respect to the target temperature (T T _-T F) ₊ Cpa _{× Gf × α × λ × (} T T -Ta) + Cpf × Gf × (T T -T f)
(However, .DELTA.Q1: heating requirements calculated, Cpe: exhaust gas specific heat at constant pressure, Ge: exhaust gas flow rate from the main chamber, T _T: target temperature of the main chamber, T _F: main compartment temperature, Cpa: air specific heat at constant pressure, Gf: additional fuel amount, α: theoretical air amount coefficient to additional fuel amount, λ: predetermined air ratio, Ta: supply air temperature, Cpf: constant pressure specific heat of fuel, Tf: supply fuel temperature), and the additional fuel amount. A formula ΔQ2 = Gf × Hu for calculating the amount of heat supplied to the main chamber based on the amount of air supplied at a predetermined air ratio.
(Where Hu is the lower heating value of the fuel), and the convergence calculation for setting the difference between the required heat amount and the supplied heat amount to be equal to or less than a predetermined convergence value by using the additional fuel amount as a parameter for both equations. The combustion control means is provided with a calculation means for calculating the fuel addition amount, and the combustion control means adjusts the opening degree of the fuel control valve so as to supply the fuel addition amount calculated by the calculation means, and The point is that the opening degree of the air control valve is adjusted in accordance with the opening degree adjustment of the control valve so as to maintain the main chamber at a predetermined air ratio. Note that setting the difference to a predetermined convergence value or less means that the absolute value of the convergence value is determined and the absolute value of the difference is equal to or less than the absolute value of the convergence value. In this regard, the same applies hereinafter.
[0007]
According to a fourth aspect of the present invention, a plurality of fuel supply paths to the combustion device according to the third characteristic configuration are provided so as to be able to simultaneously supply different types of fuel, and the arithmetic means is configured to operate the plurality of fuel supply paths. For the passages, the fuel supply means is configured to supply an additional amount of fuel to each fuel, and the fuel control means is configured to supply the additional fuel amount to each of the fuels calculated by the arithmetic means to the plurality of fuel supply paths. If the configuration is such that the opening of the fuel control valve provided is individually adjusted and the opening of the air control valve is adjusted in accordance with the adjustment of the opening of each fuel control valve (fourth characteristic configuration). Even better. In the case where air is supplied for each fuel in the combustion device, an air amount control valve may be provided in each air supply passage to adjust each air supply amount so as to adjust each air ratio. When the fuel and the air are mixed and post-combusted in the main chamber while the fuel is supplied from the supply passage into the main chamber, the air supply is determined by determining the air ratio based on the theoretical air amount for each fuel. The amount can be set.
[0008]
A first characteristic configuration of the combustion control method of the waste melting furnace according to the present invention for the above object is, as described in claim 5, based on a main chamber temperature and a flow rate of exhaust gas from the main chamber. _{ΔQ = Cpe × Ge × (T} T -T F)
(However, Delta] Q: heating requirements calculated, Cpe: exhaust gas specific heat at constant pressure, Ge: exhaust gas flow rate from the main chamber, _{T T:} target temperature of the main chamber, _{T F:} main compartment temperature) by the main to the target temperature Calculate the required heat amount corresponding to the temperature deviation of the room temperature, based on the calculated required heat amount, based on the lower heating value of the fuel,
Gf = ΔQ / Hu
(However, Gf: additional fuel amount, Hu: lower heating value of fuel), the additional fuel amount is calculated, and the calculated additional fuel amount is added to the fuel supply amount to the combustion device. The point is that the air supply amount is adjusted to maintain a predetermined air ratio with respect to the fuel supply amount.
[0009]
A second characteristic configuration of the combustion control method of the waste melting furnace according to the present invention for the above purpose is as described in claim 6, wherein the main chamber temperature, the flow rate of the exhaust gas from the main chamber, and the lower heat generation of the fuel are set. the amount, the temperature of the fuel supply, based on the supply air temperature, formula _{Gf = Cpe × Ge × (T} T -T F) / {Hu + Cpf × (Tf -T T) + Cpa × α × λ × (Ta −T _T )｝
(However, Gf: fuel addition amount, Cpe: exhaust gas specific heat at constant pressure, Ge: exhaust gas flow rate from the main chamber, _{T T:} target temperature of the main chamber, _{T F:} main compartment temperature, Hu: lower heating value of the fuel, Cpf : Constant-pressure specific heat of fuel, Tf: temperature of supplied fuel, Cpa: constant-pressure specific heat of air, α: theoretical air amount coefficient to added fuel amount, λ: predetermined air ratio, Ta: supply air temperature) Calculate the amount of additional fuel necessary to maintain the fuel supply amount, and add the calculated additional amount of fuel to the amount of fuel supplied to the combustion device, and maintain a predetermined air ratio with respect to the amount of fuel supply after the addition. The point is to adjust the air supply amount in order to achieve this.
[0010]
A third characteristic configuration of the method for controlling combustion of a waste melting furnace according to the present invention for the above object is as described in claim 7, wherein the temperature of the main chamber, the flow rate of exhaust gas from the main chamber, and based on the fuel addition amount required to maintain the target temperature, calculation ΔQ1 = Cpe × Ge × calculating a required amount of heat corresponding to the temperature deviation of the main chamber temperature with respect to the target temperature (T T _-T F) ₊ Cpa _{× Gf × α × λ × (} T T -Ta) + Cpf × Gf × (T T -T f)
(However, .DELTA.Q1: heating requirements calculated, Cpe: exhaust gas specific heat at constant pressure, Ge: exhaust gas flow rate from the main chamber, T _T: target temperature of the main chamber, T _F: main compartment temperature, Cpa: air specific heat at constant pressure, Gf: additional fuel amount, α: theoretical air amount coefficient with respect to additional fuel amount, λ: predetermined air ratio, Ta: supply air temperature, Cpf: constant pressure specific heat of fuel, Tf: supply fuel temperature)
ΔQ2 = Gf × Hu for calculating the amount of heat supplied to the main chamber based on the amount of fuel added and the amount of air supplied at a predetermined air ratio.
(Where Hu is the lower heating value of the fuel), and a convergence calculation for converging the difference between the required heat amount and the supplied heat amount to a predetermined convergence value or less using the additional fuel as a parameter for both equations. The fuel addition amount is calculated, and the calculated fuel addition amount is added to the fuel supply amount to the combustion device, and the air supply amount is maintained to maintain a predetermined air ratio with respect to the fuel supply amount after the addition. The point is to adjust the amount.
[0011]
As described in claim 8, a plurality of different types of fuel are supplied to the combustion device in the third characteristic configuration of the combustion control method, and a fuel addition amount is separately calculated for the plurality of fuels. Adding the calculated fuel addition amount to each fuel supply amount to the combustion device, and maintaining the air supply amount at a predetermined air ratio for each fuel supply amount after the addition. (4th characteristic configuration) is even better.
[0012]
[Effects of each feature configuration]
According to the first characteristic configuration of the combustion control device of the waste melting furnace or the first characteristic configuration of the combustion control method, the main chamber temperature can be maintained at the target temperature while preventing excessive supply of fuel. In other words, the required amount of heat in the furnace is calculated, and the required amount of additional fuel is calculated, so that the minimum required fuel supply amount can be set, and the overshoot can be avoided by performing the prediction control. Therefore, excessive supply of fuel can be prevented. As a result, hunting of combustion control can be prevented while maintaining an appropriate amount of fuel supply.
[0013]
According to the second characteristic configuration of the combustion control device of the waste melting furnace or the second characteristic configuration of the combustion control method, hunting of the combustion control can be prevented while increasing the response speed of the control. In other words, since the additional amount of fuel and the additional amount of air obtained as an analytical solution obtained from the formula for calculating the required heating amount and the formula for obtaining the replenishing heat amount are supplied, it is necessary to supply the minimum necessary and sufficient heat amount. Thus, it is possible to prevent the supply of excess heat while maintaining the main room temperature at the target temperature.
As a result, hunting of combustion control can be prevented while supplying an appropriate amount of fuel.
[0014]
According to the third characteristic configuration of the combustion control device of the waste melting furnace or the third characteristic configuration of the combustion control method, hunting of the combustion control can be prevented while increasing the response speed of the control. In other words, the formula for giving the required heating amount and the formula for giving the replenishing heat amount can be arbitrarily determined by the calculation formula, and therefore, can be set by the conditional formula according to the conditions of the apparatus. For example, a convergence solution can be easily obtained by convergence calculation even under a condition in which it is not easy to find a solution due to a large number of unknowns when finding an analytical solution. In particular, a solution can be easily obtained even when a plurality of types of fuels are burned in a furnace. In addition, a minimum necessary and sufficient amount of heat is supplied, so that an excessive amount of heat can be prevented while maintaining the main room temperature at the target temperature.
As a result, even when a plurality of types of fuel are supplied, hunting of combustion control can be prevented while supplying an appropriate amount of fuel.
[0015]
According to the fourth characteristic configuration of the combustion control device of the waste melting furnace or the fourth characteristic configuration of the combustion control method, in addition to the operation and effect of the third characteristic configuration, an appropriate amount of fuel can be supplied even under the supply of a plurality of fuels. The fuel addition amount can be set, and the hunting of the combustion control can be prevented while increasing the response speed of the control. In other words, using a calculation formula for calculating the replenishable heat quantity that can be supplied for each of the plurality of fuels and a calculation formula for calculating the required heat quantity for each of the additional fuel quantities for the plurality of fuels, the fuel addition quantity that is the solution is calculated for each fuel. Is obtained, the additional amount of each fuel is the minimum necessary and sufficient supply amount, and therefore, there is no excess heat supply, so that control overshoot can be prevented. Undershoot can be prevented. For example, when two types of fuels are to be burned, it is possible to arbitrarily determine an additional amount of both fuels without determining the supply ratio of the two fuels, and the form of air supply is also variously variable. is there. In the case of supplying more types of fuels, for example, if the repetition conditions are set so as to preferentially add a fuel having a high combustion calorific value, the control response can be improved, and the combustion should be preferentially performed. If the repetitive conditions are set so as to increase the supply amount of fuel, the additional supply amount of each fuel can be determined according to the conditions.
As a result, while supplying a plurality of types of fuel, the fuel addition amount can be maintained at an appropriate amount, and hunting of combustion control can be prevented.
[0016]
BEST MODE FOR CARRYING OUT THE INVENTION
An example of an embodiment of the combustion control apparatus for a waste melting furnace of the present invention will be described below with reference to the drawings.
[0017]
The waste melting furnace includes a combustion device 5 for burning fuel in a main chamber 1 for melting and processing an object to be processed to form a combustion flame, and a sheath-type thermocouple for detecting a temperature in the main chamber 1. Is provided with a temperature detecting means 2. The combustion device 5 includes a fuel supply path 6 for supplying fuel and an air supply path 7 for supplying air for burning the fuel. The fuel supply path 6 is provided with a fuel control valve 6a for controlling the amount of fuel supplied to the combustion device 5, and the air supply path 7 is provided with an air control valve 7a for controlling the amount of air supplied to the combustion device 5. Have. Further, there is provided a combustion control means 3 including a calculation means 4 for adjusting the opening based on the main room temperature detected by the temperature detection means 2 and the target temperature of the main chamber 1.
[0018]
The calculating means 4 calculates a main chamber temperature ( _TF ), a constant pressure specific heat (Cpe) of the exhaust gas from the main chamber 1, a flow rate (Ge) of the exhaust gas, and a lower heat generation of the fuel supplied to the main chamber 1. The amount (Hu), the temperature (Tf) of the fuel supplied to the main chamber 1, the specific heat of constant pressure (Cpf) of the fuel, and the fuel are supplied to the combustion device 5, that is, the main chamber 1 with the addition of the fuel. The constant-pressure specific heat of air (Cpa), the temperature of the air (Ta), the theoretical air amount coefficient (α) for the fuel addition amount, and the predetermined air ratio (λ) to the fuel in the main chamber 1 fuel addition amount required to maintain the main chamber 1 to the target temperature _(T T) to (Gf), formula _{Gf = Cpe × Ge × (T} T -T F) / {Hu + Cpf × (Tf - T _T ) + Cpa × α × λ × (Ta− _{T T} )｝
It is configured to calculate by
[0019]
The combustion control means 3 adjusts an opening degree of a fuel control valve 6a provided in the fuel supply passage 6 so as to supply the additional fuel amount (Gf) calculated by the calculation means 4 to the combustion device 5, and With the adjustment of the opening of the fuel adjustment valve 6a, the opening of the air adjustment valve 7a provided in the air supply path 7 is adjusted so as to maintain the inside of the main chamber 1 at a predetermined air ratio.
[0020]
With the above configuration, the main room 1 is uniquely identified from the process data (Cpe, Ge, _TF , Hu, Cpf, Tf, Cpa, α, λ, Ta) in the waste melting furnace. Can be calculated to maintain the fuel temperature at a predetermined target temperature (T _T ), and the amounts of fuel and air supplied to the combustion device 5 are adjusted based on the calculation result. Unlike this, control hunting (ie, overshoot and undershoot) can be prevented.
[0021]
Next, another embodiment of the present invention will be described.
<1> In the above embodiment, the calculating means 4 calculates the main chamber temperature ( _TF ), the constant pressure specific heat of the exhaust gas from the main chamber 1 (Cpe), the flow rate of the exhaust gas (Ge), The lower heating value (Hu) of the fuel to be supplied to the main chamber 1, the temperature (Tf) of the fuel to be supplied to the main chamber 1, the specific heat of constant pressure (Cpf) of the fuel, and the combustion device with the addition of fuel. 5, that is, the constant pressure specific heat (Cpa) of the air supplied to the main chamber 1, the temperature of the air (Ta), the stoichiometric air amount coefficient (α) with respect to the fuel addition amount, and the fuel in the main chamber 1 Based on the predetermined air ratio (λ), the additional fuel amount (Gf) required to maintain the inside of the main chamber 1 at the target temperature (T _T ) is calculated by the following formula: Gf = Cpe × Ge × (T _T − _{T F) / {Hu + Cpf} × (Tf -T T) + Cpa × α × λ × (Ta -T T }
Has been described, it is necessary to maintain the main chamber temperature (T _F ) at the target temperature (T _T ) to obtain the fuel addition amount (Gf). The required heat quantity (ΔQ) is calculated from a constant pressure specific heat (Cpe) of the exhaust gas, a flow rate (Ge) of the exhaust gas, and a difference between the target temperature (T _T ) and the main chamber temperature (T _F ). _{ΔQ = Cpe × Ge × (T} T -T F)
From the required calorific value (ΔQ) and the lower calorific value (Hu) of the fuel supplied to the main chamber 1, the fuel addition amount (Gf) is calculated by a formula Gf = ΔQ / Hu.
May be configured to be obtained by With such a configuration, it is possible to control with relatively high accuracy while performing simple calculations.
<2> In the above embodiment, the calculating means 4 calculates the main chamber temperature ( _TF ), the constant pressure specific heat of the exhaust gas from the main chamber 1 (Cpe), the flow rate of the exhaust gas (Ge), The lower heating value (Hu) of the fuel to be supplied to the main chamber 1, the temperature (Tf) of the fuel to be supplied to the main chamber 1, the specific heat of constant pressure (Cpf) of the fuel, and the combustion device with the addition of fuel. 5, that is, the constant pressure specific heat (Cpa) of the air supplied to the main chamber 1, the temperature of the air (Ta), the stoichiometric air amount coefficient (α) with respect to the fuel addition amount, and the fuel in the main chamber 1 Based on the predetermined air ratio (λ), the additional fuel amount (Gf) required to maintain the inside of the main chamber 1 at the target temperature (T _T ) is calculated by the following formula: Gf = Cpe × Ge × (T _T − _{T F) / {Hu + Cpf} × (Tf -T T) + Cpa × α × λ × (Ta -T T }
Has been described, the main chamber temperature (T _F ) is changed to the target temperature (T _T ) instead of calculating and controlling the additional fuel amount (Gf). The amount of heat (ΔQ _T ) required for maintenance is determined from the constant pressure specific heat (Cpe) of the exhaust gas, the flow rate (Ge) of the exhaust gas, and the difference between the target temperature (T _T ) and the atmospheric temperature (Ta). , Calculation formula ΔQ _T = Cpe × Ge × (T _T −Ta)
And a target fuel supply amount (Gf) for supplying fuel to the combustion device 5 based on the lower heating value (Hu) of the fuel supplied to the main chamber 1 with respect to the calculated required heat amount (ΔQ _T ). _T ) is calculated by the following equation: Gf _T = ΔQ _T / Hu
And the target fuel supply amount (Gf _T ) to the combustion device 5 may be set.
<3> In the above-described embodiment, an example in which a single fuel is supplied to the single combustion device 5 has been described, but a fuel supply path 6 to the combustion device 5 is shown in, for example, FIG. As described above, the fuel supply path 6A to the combustion apparatus 5A and the fuel supply path 6B to the combustion apparatus 5B are divided and formed, and a plurality of fuel supply paths are provided so that different types of fuel can be supplied simultaneously. In order to obtain the fuel addition amount (Gf), the lower heating values (Hu ¹ ) and (Hu ² ) of the respective fuels and their respective flow rates (Gf ¹ ), (Gf ² ) and the specific heat at constant pressure (Cpf ¹ ), (Cpf ² ), the main chamber temperature (T _F ), the flow rate of exhaust gas from the main chamber 1 (Ge), and the air supply amount are calculated for each of the fuels. , required to maintain the main chamber 1 to the target temperature (T _T) Fuel additional amount to fuel each ^(Gf 1), and ^(Gf 2), the theoretical amount of air factor with respect to the fuel addition amount of each (α ^1), and (alpha ^2), a predetermined air ratio in the main chamber 1 (lambda ) And the supply air temperature (Ta), a calculation formula ΔQ1 = Cpe × Ge for calculating a required heat quantity (ΔQ1) corresponding to a temperature deviation of the main chamber temperature (T _F ) with respect to the target temperature (T _T ). _{_{× (T T -T F) +}} Cpa × (Gf 1 × α 1 + Gf 2 × α 2) × λ × (T T -Ta) + {Cpf 1 × Gf 1 × (T T -Tf 1) + Cpf 2 × Gf ^{_{^{2 × (T T -Tf 2)}}} }
And the respective fuel addition amounts (Gf ¹ ) and (Gf ² ) and the amount of air supplied at the predetermined air ratio (λ) with respect to the supply of the respective fuels into the main chamber 1. Calculation formula ΔQ2 ¹ = Gf ¹ × Hu ¹ for calculating the accompanying supplied heat quantity (ΔQ2 ¹ ), (ΔQ2 ² )
ΔQ2 ² = Gf ² × Hu ²
, The sum of the required heat quantity (ΔQ1) and the supplied heat quantity (ΔQ2 ¹ + ΔQ2 ² ) is sequentially calculated using the additional fuel quantities (Gf ¹ ) and (Gf ² ) as parameters, and the required heat quantity (ΔQ1 ) And the sum of the supplied heat amounts (ΔQ2 ¹ + ΔQ2 ² ) may be repeated until the difference becomes equal to or less than a predetermined convergence value to perform the convergence calculation to calculate the fuel addition amount (Gf). In addition, for the sake of simplicity, the example in which two types of fuel are supplied has been described above, but three or more types of fuel may be supplied.
[0022]
Incidentally, reference numerals are written in the claims for convenience of comparison with the drawings, but the present invention is not limited to the configuration of the attached drawings by the entry.
[Brief description of the drawings]
FIG. 1 is an explanatory view of an example of a waste melting furnace according to the present invention. FIG. 2 is an explanatory view of another example of a waste melting furnace according to the present invention.
DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1 Main chamber 2 Temperature detection means 3 Combustion control means 4 Calculation means 5 Combustion device 6 Fuel supply path 6a Fuel control valve 7a Air control valve

Claims

In a waste melting furnace provided with a combustion device (5) for burning a fuel in a main chamber (1) for melting and processing an object to be processed to form a combustion flame, a temperature for detecting a temperature in the main chamber (1). A fuel control valve (6a) provided with a detecting means (2) for adjusting a fuel supply amount to the combustion device (5); and an air control valve (7a) for adjusting an air supply amount to the combustion device (5) ), A combustion control device for a waste melting furnace, comprising combustion control means (3) for adjusting the opening based on the main room temperature detected by the temperature detection means (2) and the target temperature of the main chamber (1). a is, with the main chamber temperature, based on the exhaust gas flow from the main chamber (1), equation _{ΔQ = Cpe × Ge × (T} T -T F)
(However, ΔQ: required calorie to be calculated, Cpe: constant heat of exhaust gas at a constant pressure, Ge: exhaust gas flow rate from the main chamber, T _T : target temperature of the main chamber, _TF : main chamber temperature)
By calculating the required heat amount corresponding to the temperature deviation of the main chamber temperature with respect to the target temperature, based on the calculated required heat amount, based on the lower heating value of the fuel,
Gf = ΔQ / Hu
(However, Gf: additional amount of fuel, Hu: lower heating value of fuel)
In the combustion control means (3), a calculation means (4) for calculating an additional fuel amount is provided so that the combustion control means (3) adds the fuel addition amount calculated by the calculation means (4). In addition to adjusting the opening of the fuel control valve (6a), the opening of the air control valve (7a) is adjusted to maintain a predetermined air ratio with the adjustment of the opening of the fuel control valve (6a). A combustion control device for a waste melting furnace configured to perform

In a waste melting furnace provided with a combustion device (5) for burning a fuel in a main chamber (1) for melting and processing an object to be processed to form a combustion flame, a temperature for detecting a temperature in the main chamber (1). A fuel control valve (6a) provided with a detecting means (2) for adjusting a fuel supply amount to the combustion device (5); and an air control valve (7a) for adjusting an air supply amount to the combustion device (5) ), A combustion control device for a waste melting furnace, comprising combustion control means (3) for adjusting the opening based on the main room temperature detected by the temperature detection means (2) and the target temperature of the main chamber (1). A calculation formula Gf = Cpe × Ge based on the temperature of the main chamber, the flow rate of exhaust gas from the main chamber (1), the lower heating value of the fuel, the temperature of the supplied fuel, and the temperature of the supplied air. _{_{× (T T -T F) /}} {Hu + Cpf × (Tf-T T) + Cpa × α × λ × (T a -T T)}
(However, Gf: fuel addition amount, Cpe: exhaust gas specific heat at constant pressure, Ge: exhaust gas flow rate from the main chamber, _{T T:} target temperature of the main chamber, _{T F:} main compartment temperature, Hu: lower heating value of the fuel, Cpf : Constant pressure specific heat of fuel, Tf: temperature of supplied fuel, Cpa: constant pressure specific heat of air, α: theoretical air amount coefficient to added fuel amount, λ: predetermined air ratio, Ta: supply air temperature)
Thus, the combustion control means (3) is provided with a calculation means (4) for calculating an additional amount of fuel required to maintain the inside of the main chamber (1) at the target temperature, and the combustion control means (3) is provided. The opening of the fuel control valve (6a) is adjusted so as to supply the additional amount of fuel calculated by the calculating means (4), and the opening of the fuel control valve (6a) is adjusted. (1) A combustion control device for a waste melting furnace configured to adjust the opening of the air control valve (7a) so as to maintain the inside at a predetermined air ratio.

In a waste melting furnace provided with a combustion device (5) for burning a fuel in a main chamber (1) for melting and processing an object to be processed to form a combustion flame, a temperature for detecting a temperature in the main chamber (1). A fuel control valve (6a) provided with a detecting means (2) for adjusting a fuel supply amount to the combustion device (5); and an air control valve (7a) for adjusting an air supply amount to the combustion device (5) ), A combustion control device for a waste melting furnace, comprising combustion control means (3) for adjusting the opening based on the main room temperature detected by the temperature detection means (2) and the target temperature of the main chamber (1). The target temperature based on the main chamber temperature, the flow rate of exhaust gas from the main chamber (1), and an additional amount of fuel required to maintain the inside of the main chamber (1) at the target temperature. Formula ΔQ1 = Cpe × G for calculating the required heat quantity corresponding to the temperature deviation of the main chamber temperature with respect to _{_{e × (T T -T F)}} + Cpa × Gf × α × λ × (T T -Ta) + Cpf × Gf × (T T -T f)
(However, .DELTA.Q1: heating requirements calculated, Cpe: exhaust gas specific heat at constant pressure, Ge: exhaust gas flow rate from the main chamber, T _T: target temperature of the main chamber, T _F: main compartment temperature, Cpa: air specific heat at constant pressure, Gf: additional fuel amount, α: theoretical air amount coefficient with respect to additional fuel amount, λ: predetermined air ratio, Ta: supply air temperature, Cpf: constant pressure specific heat of fuel, Tf: supply fuel temperature)
ΔQ2 = Gf × Hu for calculating the amount of heat supplied to the main chamber (1) based on the amount of fuel added and the amount of air supplied at a predetermined air ratio.
(However, ΔQ2: calorific value of supply heat, Hu: lower calorific value of fuel)
Computing means (4) for performing a convergence calculation to make a difference between the required heat amount and the supplied heat amount equal to or less than a predetermined convergence value by using the additional fuel as a parameter with respect to both of the above formulas. Is provided in the combustion control means (3), and the opening degree of the fuel control valve (6a) is adjusted so that the combustion control means (3) supplies the additional fuel amount calculated by the calculation means (4). In addition, with the adjustment of the opening degree of the fuel adjustment valve (6a), the opening degree of the air adjustment valve (7a) is adjusted to maintain the inside of the main chamber (1) at a predetermined air ratio. Control system for waste melting furnace.

A plurality of fuel supply paths (6) to the combustion device (5) are provided so that different types of fuel can be supplied at the same time, and the calculating means (4) is used for the plurality of fuel supply paths (6). The fuel control means (3) is configured to calculate an additional fuel quantity for each fuel, and the combustion control means (3) is configured to add the fuel additional quantity to each fuel calculated by the arithmetic means (4). The degree of opening of the fuel control valve (6a) provided in the fuel supply path (6) is adjusted individually, and the degree of opening of the air control valve (7a) is adjusted in accordance with the degree of opening adjustment of each of the fuel control valves (6a). 4. The combustion control device for a waste melting furnace according to claim 3, wherein the combustion control device is configured to adjust the temperature.

A temperature for detecting a temperature in the main chamber (1) in a waste melting furnace provided with a combustion device (5) for burning a fuel in a main chamber (1) for melting and processing an object to be processed to form a combustion flame. A detecting means (2) is provided, and a fuel supply amount and an air supply amount to the combustion device (5) are detected by the temperature detecting means (2) in a main chamber temperature and a target temperature of the main chamber (1). And controlling the combustion of the waste melting furnace based on the following formula: ΔQ = Cpe × Ge × (T _T −) based on the temperature of the main chamber and the flow rate of exhaust gas from the main chamber (1). _TF )
(However, ΔQ: required calorie to be calculated, Cpe: constant heat of exhaust gas at a constant pressure, Ge: exhaust gas flow rate from the main chamber, T _T : target temperature of the main chamber, _TF : main chamber temperature)
By calculating the required heat amount corresponding to the temperature deviation of the main chamber temperature with respect to the target temperature, based on the calculated required heat amount, based on the lower heating value of the fuel,
Gf = ΔQ / Hu
(However, Gf: additional amount of fuel, Hu: lower heating value of fuel)
The fuel addition amount is calculated, and the calculated fuel addition amount is added to the fuel supply amount to the combustion device (5), and a predetermined air ratio is set to the fuel supply amount after the addition. A combustion control method for a waste melting furnace, wherein the air supply amount is adjusted to maintain the air supply amount.

A temperature for detecting a temperature in the main chamber (1) in a waste melting furnace provided with a combustion device (5) for burning a fuel in a main chamber (1) for melting and processing an object to be processed to form a combustion flame. A detecting means (2) is provided, and a fuel supply amount and an air supply amount to the combustion device (5) are detected by the temperature detecting means (2) in a main chamber temperature and a target temperature of the main chamber (1). A combustion control method for a waste melting furnace, wherein the temperature of the main chamber, the flow rate of exhaust gas from the main chamber (1), the lower heating value of the fuel, the temperature of the supplied fuel, based on the air temperature, formula _{Gf = Cpe × Ge × (T} T -T F) / {Hu + Cpf × (Tf-T T) + Cpa × α × λ × (Ta-T T)}
(However, Gf: fuel addition amount, Cpe: exhaust gas specific heat at constant pressure, Ge: exhaust gas flow rate from the main chamber, _{T T:} target temperature of the main chamber, _{T F:} main compartment temperature, Hu: lower heating value of the fuel, Cpf : Constant pressure specific heat of fuel, Tf: temperature of supplied fuel, Cpa: constant pressure specific heat of air, α: theoretical air amount coefficient to added fuel amount, λ: predetermined air ratio, Ta: supply air temperature)
By calculating the amount of additional fuel required to maintain the inside of the main chamber (1) at the target temperature, the calculated amount of additional fuel is added to the amount of fuel supplied to the combustion device (5). A combustion control method for a waste melting furnace, wherein the air supply amount is adjusted to maintain a predetermined air ratio with respect to the fuel supply amount after the supply.

A temperature for detecting a temperature in the main chamber (1) in a waste melting furnace provided with a combustion device (5) for burning a fuel in a main chamber (1) for melting and processing an object to be processed to form a combustion flame. A detecting means (2) is provided, and a fuel supply amount and an air supply amount to the combustion device (5) are detected by the temperature detecting means (2) in a main chamber temperature and a target temperature of the main chamber (1). And controlling the temperature of the main chamber, the flow rate of exhaust gas from the main chamber (1), and maintaining the inside of the main chamber (1) at the target temperature. based on the fuel addition amount required to, formula ΔQ1 = Cpe × Ge × (T T -T F) + Cpa × Gf × α × calculating a required amount of heat corresponding to the temperature deviation of the main chamber temperature with respect to the target temperature _{λ × (T T -Ta) +} Cpf × Gf × (T T -T f)
(However, .DELTA.Q1: heating requirements calculated, Cpe: exhaust gas specific heat at constant pressure, Ge: exhaust gas flow rate from the main chamber, T _T: target temperature of the main chamber, T _F: main compartment temperature, Cpa: air specific heat at constant pressure, Gf: additional fuel amount, α: theoretical air amount coefficient with respect to additional fuel amount, λ: predetermined air ratio, Ta: supply air temperature, Cpf: constant pressure specific heat of fuel, Tf: supply fuel temperature)
ΔQ2 = Gf × Hu for calculating the amount of heat supplied to the main chamber (1) based on the amount of fuel added and the amount of air supplied at a predetermined air ratio.
(However, Hu: low calorific value of fuel)
Based on the above equation, the additional fuel is used as a parameter, a convergence calculation is performed to converge the difference between the required heat amount and the supplied heat amount to a predetermined convergence value or less, and the additional fuel amount is calculated. A waste that adds the calculated fuel addition amount to the fuel supply amount to the device (5), and adjusts the air supply amount to maintain a predetermined air ratio with respect to the fuel supply amount after the addition. Combustion control method for melting furnace.

A plurality of fuels of different types are supplied to the combustion device (5), and the air supply amount is set for each of the fuels by using a lower calorific value of the fuel and a specific heat at a constant pressure, respectively. Is calculated separately, and the calculated fuel addition amount is added to the fuel supply amount to the combustion device (5), and the calculated fuel addition amount is calculated for each fuel supply amount after the addition. 8. The combustion control method for a waste melting furnace according to claim 7, wherein the air supply amount is adjusted so as to maintain a predetermined air ratio.