JP3548707B2 - Potted soil removal and crusher - Google Patents

Description

[0001]
TECHNICAL FIELD OF THE INVENTION
TECHNICAL FIELD The present invention relates to an apparatus for removing and crushing potted soil.
[0002]
[Prior art]
Conventionally, when sowing plant seeds or raising seedlings, a bottomed cylindrical pot 71 (see FIG. 7) having an expanded upper part is used. The pot 71 is formed relatively thin using a raw material obtained by adding a coloring agent such as black to a soft synthetic resin such as polyethylene or vinyl chloride, and has flexibility as a whole.
Seedlings of plants such as vegetables and flowers grown by farmers and the like are shipped while being planted in the pot 71, and sold at seed and seedling shops, home centers, and the like.
[0003]
[Problems to be solved by the invention]
In some cases, the seedlings wither during the breeding or do not grow sufficiently, so that they may not be shipped. In such a case, the farmer takes out the soil from the pot and reuses the emptied pot. The taken-out soil is finely crushed and then sterilized with steam or the like and reused.
[0004]
However, conventionally, the removal of the soil from the pot and the disintegration of the removed soil were manually performed one by one, so when there were many pots to be processed, the work required a great deal of work. Had become.
In particular, the taken-out soil has roots of seedlings stretched in a mesh pattern over the entire soil, and the roots are kept in a lump shape. Therefore, even if this was hit with a scoop or the like, it was not easily broken and the working efficiency was extremely poor.
By the way, when disinfecting with steam in a lump without breaking the soil, the steam does not reach the inside of the lump, so that the disinfection becomes insufficient and the seedlings are adversely affected when reused.
[0005]
The present invention has been made in view of the above problems, and an object of the present invention is to provide a potted soil removing and crushing apparatus capable of extremely efficiently removing soil from a pot and disintegrating the removed soil. It is assumed that.
[0006]
[Means for Solving the Problems]
In order to achieve the above object, the apparatus for removing and crushing potted soil according to the present invention is provided with a potted soil input port at an upper portion of a vertically disposed cylindrical processing vessel having a bottom and a lower peripheral wall. The processing vessel is provided with a discharge port for pots and soil, and a rotating shaft that is rotationally driven by a driving means is provided in the processing container in a vertical direction, and the rotating shaft is appropriately spaced in the axial direction and the circumferential direction. In addition, a plurality of chains are attached, and a sweeping blade located at the bottom of the processing vessel is attached.When the potting soil is thrown in from the input port, the soil is taken out of the pot by hitting the chain, and the soil is taken out. Is crushed and the empty pot and the crushed soil are discharged from the discharge port to the outside of the processing container by the sweeping blades.
[0007]
Further, in the above configuration, a passage restricting unit that allows the soil to pass but does not allow the pot to pass is provided on the discharge route of the pot and the soil from the discharge port.
[0008]
Further, in the above configuration, a dispersing means for contacting the potted soil injected from the input port and dispersing the soil in the circumferential direction is fixedly provided above the rotating shaft.
[0009]
BEST MODE FOR CARRYING OUT THE INVENTION
Hereinafter, an embodiment of the present invention will be described with reference to the drawings.
The apparatus for removing and crushing potted soil indicated by reference numeral 1 as a whole in the figure includes a processing vessel 3 having a bottomed cylindrical shape and arranged on a gantry 2 with a cylinder center oriented vertically.
[0010]
As shown in FIG. 2, the upper end of the peripheral wall 3a of the processing container 3 has a shape cut obliquely so that one side is lower, and the upper surface of the processing container 3 is opened as an inlet 4 for potting soil. ing. The bottom surface of the processing container 3 is closed by a top plate 2 a of the gantry 2. That is, the bottom wall 3b of the processing container 3 is constituted by a part of the top plate 2a.
[0011]
In the lower part of the peripheral wall 3a of the processing container 3, a discharge port 5 for the pot and the soil is formed. As can be seen from each figure, the discharge port 5 is formed by cutting the peripheral wall 3a from its lower end.
A plurality of resistors 6 are attached to the inner surface of the peripheral wall 3a. Each resistor 6 is formed of a steel pipe having an appropriate thickness. The resistors 6 are fixed to the peripheral wall 3a with fixing members such as screws (not shown) at predetermined intervals in the circumferential direction in a state where their longitudinal directions are parallel to the cylinder center direction of the processing container 3. I have.
[0012]
Inside the processing container 3, there is provided a rotating shaft 7 whose axis is oriented vertically and coincides with the cylinder of the processing container 3. The rotating shaft 7 has a portion extending below the processing container 3 rotatably supported by the gantry 2 via a pair of upper and lower bearings 8. Further, a motor 9 that rotates the rotating shaft 7 at a speed of, for example, about 500 to 600 rpm is attached to the gantry 2 as an example of a driving unit via pulleys 10 and 11 and a belt 12.
[0013]
A plurality of chains 13 (made of link chains) are attached to the rotating shaft 7 at appropriate intervals in the axial direction and the circumferential direction.
That is, as shown in FIG. 3, disk-shaped chain support members 14 and 15 opposed to each other at a small interval are fixed to the rotating shaft 7, and these chain support members 14 and 15 are circumferentially and equally attached to each other. A bolt 16 is inserted from above into each of the four bolt holes formed at intervals, and a nut 17 is screwed to the lower end of the bolt 16 protruding below the chain support member 15.
Each chain 13 is attached to the rotating shaft 7 with a link at one end inserted between the chain support members 14 and 15 and a bolt 16 inserted into a hole of the link.
As shown in FIG. 2, three pairs of the opposed chain support members 14 and 15 are provided at equal intervals in the axial direction of the rotating shaft 7, and the paired chain support members 14 and 15 are provided with the pair. In this manner, four chains 13 are attached. (Accordingly, in this embodiment, a total of 12 chains 13 are attached to the rotating shaft 7.)
[0014]
Each chain 13 naturally hangs down when the rotating shaft 7 is stopped (not shown), and when the rotating shaft 7 rotates, it is swung substantially horizontally by the centrifugal force as shown in each drawing and stretched. State. The length of each chain 13 is set to such a length that its tip does not come into contact with each resistor 6 when the chain 13 is stretched substantially horizontally.
[0015]
Three sweeping blades 19 are attached to the rotating shaft 7 at the bottom in the processing container 3. As shown in FIG. 5, each sweeping blade 19 is formed in a plate shape curved in an arc shape, and is detachably attached to a blade fixing plate 20 fixed to the rotating shaft 7 using bolts and nuts. .
As shown in FIG. 2, each sweeping blade 19 is provided at such a height position that a slight gap is formed between the lower end thereof and the upper surface of the bottom wall 3b of the processing container 3.
[0016]
At the upper end of the rotating shaft 7, an umbrella-shaped member 21 as an example of the dispersing means according to the present invention is fixed. The umbrella-shaped member 21 is formed in a shallow conical cylindrical shape close to a disk. A gap is formed between the outer peripheral edge of the umbrella-shaped member 21 and the peripheral wall 3a of the processing container 3 through which the potted soil can pass.
Reference numeral 22 in FIGS. 1 and 2 denotes a protection rod attached at an appropriate interval so as to bridge the inlet 4 of the processing container 3 for danger prevention.
[0017]
Further, a guide cover 23 is connected to the outside of the discharge port 5 so as to cover the discharge path (flight path) of the pot to be discharged and the soil from above. The guide cover 23 is formed in a groove shape having an inverted concave cross section with an open lower surface, and one side wall 23a thereof is tangentially connected to the peripheral wall 3a of the processing chamber 3 as shown in FIG. It is provided as follows.
[0018]
The guide cover 23 is provided with a comb-like member 24 as an example of the passage restricting means according to the present invention. The comb-like member 24 is erected on the horizontal rod 24a bridged between the lower ends of both side walls of the guide cover 23 and the horizontal rod 24a with the upper end inclined so as to approach the processing container 3. And a plurality of vertical rods 24b. The vertical rods 24b are arranged in the longitudinal direction of the horizontal rods 24a with a gap that allows passage of the soil but not the pot.
[0019]
Next, a usage mode of the take-out and crusher 1 configured as described above will be described.
The extraction and crushing apparatus 1 treats potting soil as shown in FIG. 7, in which reference numeral 71 denotes a soft material such as polyethylene, vinyl chloride, or the like, as described in "Prior Art". Nursery pot 72 made of a synthetic resin indicates the soil put in the pot 71.
When seedlings grown in the soil 72 containing the pot 71 are not shipped due to withering, poor growth, or other reasons, and when the seedlings are disposed of and the pot 71 and the soil 72 are to be reused, the seedlings are planted. Cut off the upper part of the seedling that had been cut in advance. (Reference numeral 73 indicates the root portion of the seedling after cutting off the upper portion. In such a case, the root of the seedling is spread in a mesh shape over the entire soil 72, whereby the soil 72 is kept in a massive shape. Have been.)
[0020]
Next, while rotating the rotating shaft 7 in the direction of the arrow in FIG. 4 by the motor 9, a large number of potting soil as shown in FIG. Then, the potted soil comes into contact with the umbrella-shaped member 21 rotating integrally with the rotating shaft 7, is flipped obliquely outward, and then falls downward from the gap between the umbrella-shaped member 21 and the peripheral wall 3a.
[0021]
Then, while falling, the potted soil is hit one after another by the plurality of chains 13 that turn at high speed, and also collides with the inner surface of the peripheral wall 3a and the resistor 6, and the soil 72 is detached from the pot 71 by these impacts. The taken-out soil 72 is also crushed by the same impact as described above.
Here, since the chains 13 are provided in a plurality of stages in the axial direction of the rotating shaft 7, that is, in the vertical direction, the soil 72 is gradually broken down as it falls downward. That is, each time the chain 13 collides with the massive soil 72, the soil is slightly removed from the surface of the mass. If a root of a seedling exists at a location where the chain 13 has collided, the root is torn off by the impact of the collision.
In this way, the soil is crushed by tearing off the roots and scraping off the soil little by little from the surface of the lump, so that the lump of soil that is firmly held by the roots can be efficiently crushed and treated. Before falling to the bottom of the container 3, the soil can be sufficiently finely crushed to eliminate lumps.
[0022]
The empty pot 71 and the soil 72 fall while being spirally turned along the inner surface of the peripheral wall 3a. Then, when they fall to a height near the bottom wall 3b, they are pushed by the sweeping blades 19 that rotate integrally with the rotary shaft 7 to be swiveled along the inner surface of the lower end of the peripheral wall 3a, and the lower end of the peripheral wall 3a is notched. When the discharge port 5 is reached, it is released from the discharge port 5 in a substantially tangential direction as indicated by an arrow in FIG.
The discharged pot 71 and soil 72 fly outward in the guide cover 23 due to inertia. Then, the soil 72 passes through the gap between the vertical rods 24b of the comb-like member 24 and further jumps outward, as shown by the dashed arrow in FIG. Fall and accumulate there. On the other hand, the pot 71, which cannot pass through the gap between the vertical rod members 24b due to its size, is received by the comb-like member 24 as shown by a solid line arrow in FIG.
[0023]
Since the potting soil removal / crushing apparatus 1 according to this embodiment is configured as described above, it has the following advantages.
That is, the removal of the soil 72 from the pot 71 and the crushing of the soil 72 taken out can be performed extremely efficiently, and the labor and labor involved in these operations can be significantly reduced as compared with the related art. it can.
In addition, since the pot 71 and the soil 72 can be separated and deposited in different places by the comb-like member 24, it is not necessary to manually sort (separate) the pot and the soil, and for this reason as well. Labor savings can be achieved.
[0024]
Further, the chain 13 made of a steel material having a circular cross section does not have a sharply pointed portion, and when an excessive force is applied, the shape of the chain 13 changes, so that the force can be released. Since such a chain 13 is used as a member for striking, the risk of the pot 71 made of a soft synthetic resin being damaged while passing through the processing container 3 is low, and most of the pots 71 are reusable. Released in a state. Therefore, it is possible to increase the reuse rate of the pot and contribute to resource protection and environmental protection.
Further, by using the chain 13 that escapes when the load increases, there is an advantage that the motor 9 is less likely to fall into an overload state.
[0025]
In addition, if the umbrella-shaped member 21 is not provided at the upper end of the rotating shaft 7, the pot and the soil are unevenly distributed in the processing container 3 in the circumferential direction depending on how the soil into the pot is charged into the inlet 4. As a result, there is a possibility that the operating state becomes unstable due to vibration or the like.
On the other hand, when the umbrella-shaped member 21 (dispersion means) is provided as in this embodiment, even when a large number of potted soils are continuously thrown into a specific position of the throw-in port 4, the throw-in is performed. Since the potted soil thus obtained is dispersed in the circumferential direction by the umbrella-shaped member 21, the pot and the soil in the processing container 3 are scattered in the circumferential direction. This can prevent the operation state from becoming unstable.
[0026]
Furthermore, if the pot or the soil in the processing container 3 turns at the same speed as the chain 13, the chance of collision with the chain 13 is reduced, and the crushing efficiency may be reduced. Since the turning speed of the pot or the soil is suppressed by the resistor 6 provided on the inner surface of 3a, there is also an advantage that the crushing efficiency is good.
[0027]
It is needless to say that the embodiment of the present invention is not limited to the above description. For example, the driving means may be an engine.
In addition, the dispersing means can be formed of members having various shapes other than the umbrella shape, as long as it can disperse the plurality of potting soils thrown in from the throwing port in the circumferential direction.
Further, since the passage restricting means only needs to have gaps (eyes) that allow the soil to pass and the pot not to pass, the passage restricting means may be configured by a member such as a wire mesh or a lattice.
Further, a configuration in which the passage restricting means is not provided in the discharge path of the pot and the soil from the discharge port is also conceivable. Even in this case, the pot that is susceptible to air resistance falls near the outlet and the soil falls relatively far, so that the pot and the soil can be separated.
[0028]
In addition, the shape of the resistor provided on the inner surface of the peripheral wall of the processing container is not limited to the above-described tubular having a circular cross section, but may be any shape. However, a member having a sharp corner is not preferable as a resistor from the viewpoint of preventing damage to the pot.
Further, the processing container is not limited to the above-described cylindrical shape, and may be a polygonal cylindrical shape.
Furthermore, in order to enhance the crushing ability, it is conceivable to attach a weight having an appropriate size and shape to the tip of each chain.
[0029]
【The invention's effect】
As described above, according to the potted soil removal and crushing device of the present invention, it is possible to extremely efficiently perform the removal of the soil from the pot made of the soft synthetic resin and the crushing of the removed soil. In addition to this, the pot and the soil discharged from the discharge port can be separated from each other by the difference in the drop position, so that the efficiency of the operation can be greatly increased and labor can be saved. Also, the risk of damaging the pot is low, and most pots can be reused, contributing to resource and environmental protection.
[0030]
Further, in the case where the passage restricting means is provided outside the discharge port, the separation of the pot from the soil can be performed more favorably.
[0031]
Further, when the dispersing means is provided above the rotating shaft, the pot and the soil are prevented from being unevenly distributed in the processing vessel in the circumferential direction, and the operation state can be stabilized.
[Brief description of the drawings]
FIG. 1 is a plan view of an apparatus for removing and crushing potted soil according to an embodiment of the present invention.
FIG. 2 is a longitudinal sectional view taken along line AA of FIG.
FIG. 3 is a front view showing an upper part of a rotation shaft in a partial cross section.
FIG. 4 is a schematic cross-sectional view taken along line BB of FIG. 2;
FIG. 5 is a schematic cross-sectional view taken along the line CC of FIG. 2;
FIG. 6 is an operation explanatory view showing a main part longitudinal section along a line DD of FIG. 5;
FIG. 7 is a perspective view showing potted soil.
[Explanation of symbols]
DESCRIPTION OF REFERENCE NUMERALS 1 take-out crusher 3 processing vessel 3a peripheral wall 4 input port 5 discharge port 7 rotating shaft 9 motor (drive means)
13 chain 19 sweeping blade 21 umbrella member (dispersion means)
24 Comb members (passage restricting means)

Claims (3)

A potted soil removal and disintegration device for removing and crushing massive soil in a pot for raising seedlings made of a soft synthetic resin from the pot,
An inlet for potted soil is provided at an upper portion of a vertically-bottomed cylindrical processing container, and a pot and a soil discharge port are provided at a lower peripheral wall. A rotating shaft that is driven to rotate is provided in a vertical direction, a plurality of chains are attached to this rotating shaft at appropriate intervals in the axial direction and the circumferential direction, and a sweeping blade located at the bottom in the processing container is provided. Is attached,
When the soil in the pot is thrown in from the input port, the soil is taken out of the pot by the impact of the chain, and the soil is disintegrated.The emptied pot and the disintegrated soil are swept out and the blades are discharged from the discharge port to the outside of the processing vessel. A device for removing and crushing soil in a pot, characterized in that the device is configured to be discharged into a pot. 2. The device for removing and crushing potted soil according to claim 1, wherein a passage restricting means for allowing the soil to pass through but not allowing the pot to pass is provided in the discharge route of the pot and the soil from the discharge port. 3. A disintegrating means for removing potted soil according to claim 1 or 2, wherein a dispersing means for contacting and dispersing the potted soil introduced from the input port in a circumferential direction is fixed above the rotary shaft. apparatus.

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