JP3540568B2 - Method and apparatus for treating composite waste material containing fibers - Google Patents

Method and apparatus for treating composite waste material containing fibers Download PDF

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Publication number
JP3540568B2
JP3540568B2 JP27052697A JP27052697A JP3540568B2 JP 3540568 B2 JP3540568 B2 JP 3540568B2 JP 27052697 A JP27052697 A JP 27052697A JP 27052697 A JP27052697 A JP 27052697A JP 3540568 B2 JP3540568 B2 JP 3540568B2
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Japan
Prior art keywords
crusher
heavy
separated
waste material
composite waste
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JP27052697A
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Japanese (ja)
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JPH1190260A (en
Inventor
信 中村
輝夫 中本
佳門 文野
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Nihon Spindle Manufacturing Co Ltd
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Nihon Spindle Manufacturing Co Ltd
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Priority to JP27052697A priority Critical patent/JP3540568B2/en
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Description

【0001】
【発明の属する技術分野】
本発明は、繊維補強された複合材料の製造工程過程で発生する切屑または使用後の廃材(以下単に廃材という)等を再使用するための処理方法及びその装置に関する。
【0002】
【従来の技術】
上記廃材は、処理困難な産業廃棄物の1つで、埋め立てまたは一部では破砕して土木等に使用することが試みられているも、通常焼却する等の手段が採られている。
【0003】
しかし近年はその回収処理が要求され、その再使用が問題となっている。
本発明者はかゝる点に鑑み、廃材の繊維とゴムとを効率良く分離し、再使用を可能とする処理方法及びその装置を提案した(特願平8ー147924号)。
その概要を図3に示す。
【0004】
図において繊維を含む複合廃材処理装置50は、粗破砕機51と、この粗破砕機51に対し粗砕された廃材をブロック状に押し固めつゝ供給する供給機構52と、粗破砕機51により破砕された破砕物を空気流により移送する吸引フアン53と、移送された破砕物を搬送気流と分離する分離器54と、分離された破砕物を受入れこれを粉砕する粉砕機55と、該粉砕機55により粉砕された粉砕物を篩い分けする篩機56とより構成される。
【0005】
粗破砕機51は、周知の如くシリンダの外周にガーネットワイヤを巻付けてなるもので、供給機構52から繰り出される廃材をガーネットワイヤにより破砕し、該ガーネットワイヤに付着するものは掻き取りプレート63により掻き落とし、吸引フアン53により吸引し分離器54に移送する。
【0006】
分離器54はサイクロン方式とし、搬送される微小物を遠心力により搬送気流と分離する。この分離された搬送気流には若干の微小のゴム粉末と、繊維屑が混入している。従ってこの粉末は集塵装置例えばバッグフイルタ57において搬送気流と分離し、篩機64によりゴム粒と繊維屑とを分離し、それぞれを適宜手段で取出す。
【0007】
上記粉砕機55は、例えばチョッパを使用する。該チョッパ55は回転する複数の回転刃58を備え、分離物に対し粉砕と共に打撃を付与し、これにより繊維とゴムとの結合を解離する。このチョッパ55は作動中に発生する微粉末を網目(またはパンチングメタル)59により分離し、分離された微粉末は振動篩機60に供給され、分離選別される。なお、繊維屑は極めて軽量であり、この篩機に代えて空気流を利用した分別機を用いてもよい。
【0008】
なお上記チョッパ55において微小粉末に破砕されず残留する比較的大形の残留物は振動篩機56に供給され、分離した繊維屑と母材とに分離選別する。なお分別されない大形の残留物は、粗破砕機51の供給機構52に供給され、再度上記工程が繰り返される。
【0009】
【発明が解決しようとする課題】
上記方法によるときは、粗破砕機により破砕された廃材の総てを分離器54に移送し、分離するようにしたものである。しかし実験の結果、粗破砕機による破砕によりゴム片は殆ど繊維と分離されていることが判明した。
本発明はかゝる点に鑑み、粗破砕直後において破砕された破砕物中の繊維質を主体とする軽量物とその他の重量物に分離することにより装置の簡素化をはかることを目的とする。
【0010】
【課題を解決するための手段】
上記目的を達成するための第1の発明は、その方法に係わり、処理すべき繊維を含む複合廃材を供給機構によって順次粗破砕機側に移送しながら、該粗破砕機により複合廃材から繊維質を主体とする軽量物を掻き取るとともに、該軽量物を回転に伴う空気流に追随させることにより粗破砕直後にその他の重量物と分離せしめ、上記軽量物は空気流により移送し集塵機により搬送気流と分離すると共に、上記重量物は粉砕機に移送し、粉砕と衝撃とを付与して、重量物に残存している繊維屑と再使用可能な母材とに分離せしめ、しかる後、篩機により繊維屑と再使用可能な母材を篩分けし、取り出すことを特徴とする。
【0011】
上記方法からなる本発明の繊維を含む複合廃材処理方法は、廃材を粗破砕機により破砕することにより、繊維と重量物とは分離が容易となる。ついで重量物を粉砕することにより重量物の残存繊維とは更に分離される。これを篩い分けすることにより両者はそれぞれ分離して回収することが出来る。
【0012】
第2の発明は、上記方法を実施する装置に係わり、複合廃材から軽量物を掻き取りながら複合廃材を破砕する粗破砕機と、この粗破砕機に対し繰り出しロールによって順次複合廃材を供給する供給機構と、粗破砕機の回転に伴う空気流に追随させることにより繊維質主体とされた軽量物その他の重量物分離する分離器を備え、該分離器は供給機構下方適所に粗破砕機に対し微小間隙を存して対向配備すると共に、軽量物を空気流により吸引せしめ集塵機に移送する吸引ファンと、重量物に粉砕作用と衝撃を付与し残存している繊維屑と再使用可能な母材とに分離せしめる粉砕機を備え、該粉砕機より排出される繊維屑と母材とを篩い分ける篩機を備えたことを特徴とする。
【0013】
上記の構造からなる本発明は、廃材は粗破砕機により破砕されることにより、再使用可能な母材を主体とする重量物と、繊維屑を主体とする軽量物とに分離される。繊維屑は粗破砕機の回転に付随して生ずる気流に伴い移送され、分離器により重量物と分離される。分離された重量物は粉砕機において粉砕することにより、繊維屑と再使用可能な母材とに分離し、これを篩機により篩い分けする。
【0014】
【発明の実施の形態】
図1及び図2は本発明の実施例を示す。図において繊維を含む複合廃材処理装置1は、粗破砕機2と、この粗破砕機2に対し廃材Wを供給する供給機構3と、粗破砕機2により破砕された破砕物を再使用可能な母材を主体とする重量物W1と、繊維屑を主体とする軽量物W2とを分離する分離器4と、分離された軽量物W2を空気流により移送する吸引フアン5及び上記重量物W1を受入れこれを粉砕する粉砕機6と、該粉砕機6により粉砕された粉砕物を篩い分けする篩機7とを主体として構成される。
【0015】
供給機構3は繰り出しロール10とディッシュプレート11とより構成される。12は繰り出しロール10の加圧機構を示す。粗破砕機2は図2に示す如く、シリンダ15の外周にガーネットワイヤ13を巻付け、これに供給機構3を対設し、ガーネットワイヤ13により掻取られた破砕物中の剥離された繊維質を主体とする軽量物W2とその他の重量物W1とを分離する分離器4を対設する。この分離器4は断面略々三角形とし、先端を可及的にガーネットワイヤ13の近接し、かつディッシュプレート11の下方適宜の距離、即ち重量物W1の自由落下を許容する間隙を存して配備する。なお14は繊維屑がガーネットワイヤ13に付着して移行するのを剥離する掻き取りプレート、また16は粗破砕機2の駆動用モータである。
【0016】
また17は吸引フアン5の吸引側に取付けられる吸引ダクトを示し、ガーネットワイヤ13の下側で上記分離器4近くまで延長して設けられる。
【0017】
上記粉砕機6は例えばチョッパ又はロールクラッシャ、円板に多数の粉砕刃を取付けた円板粉砕機等適宜の構造のものを使用する。目的は重量物W1に残存する繊維を剥離する構造であれはその他必ずしもこれら粉砕機に限るものではない。この粉砕機6から排出される処理物は篩機7に供給され、繊維を主体とする軽量物と母材を主体とする重量物とに分離する。
【0018】
なお上記吸引フアン5により吸引された軽量物を含む搬送空気は集塵機20に輸送される。この集塵機20は例えば多数のバッグフイルタ21を垂下して取付け、これに逆洗用圧力空気噴出ノズル22を備えたもので、搬送空気中の繊維を主体とする微粒子はバッグフイルタにより濾過されて付着し、定期的に圧力空気噴出ノズル22から圧力空気を噴出することにより剥離され落下する。これを篩機23に供給する。また集塵機は、空気と塵埃とを遠心分離させるダストフィルタユニット等を使用してもよい。
【0019】
上記構成において、繊維を含む複合材料、例えばゴムベルト、ゴムホース、カーペットやタイヤ等の制作時に発生する裁断片または使用済みのこれらの製品等を適宜の大きさに破断した廃材を供給機構3に供給し、繰り出しロール10とディッシュプレート11とにより挟持しつゝ順次粗破砕機2側に移送する。
粗破砕機2においてガーネットワイヤ13により破砕することにより廃材中の重量物W1は小塊の重量物となり落下し、軽量の繊維材は該ワイヤに引っ掛った状態、またはその気流に乗って移行する。
【0020】
これにより上記供給機構3より適宜の距離を離間した位置に分離器4を配置することにより重量物W1と軽量物W2とは分離され、重量物W1は落下して粉砕機6に供給される。この粉砕機により粉砕することにより、重量物W1に残存する繊維と再使用可能な母材とに分離され、篩機7により分別し、それぞれ回収する。
【0021】
また軽量物W2は吸引フアン5の吸引力により吸引され、次工程の集塵機20に供給される。この集塵機20に移送される搬送気流中には若干の再使用可能な母材と繊維材とが含まれる。集塵機20においてこれらは搬送空気と分離され、分離された微小物は篩機23により比較的大形の繊維と微粒子状の母材とに分離される。
【0022】
【発明の効果】
以上の如く本発明によるときは、繊維を含む複合廃材を粗破砕機により破砕することにより、再使用可能な母材を主体とする重量物は自重により落下し、繊維屑を主体とする軽量物は粗破砕機のガーネットワイヤに引っ掛った状態及びこの回転に伴う空気流に追随して移行する。落下した再使用可能な母材を主体とする重量物を粉砕機により粉砕と共に打撃を与えることにより両者の結合物を解離するようにしたから、従来の処理困難な廃材を繊維屑と母材とを分別して、それぞれ再度の使用を可能とすることが出来る。
【図面の簡単な説明】
【図1】本発明の全体説明図である。
【図2】本発明の粗破砕機による破砕要領説明図である。
【図3】周知の繊維を含む複合廃材の処理装置の概略説明図である。
【符号の説明】
1 繊維を含む複合廃材処理装置
2 粗破砕機
3 供給機構
4 分離器
5 吸引フアン
6 粉砕機
7 篩機
20 集塵機
W1 重量物
W2 軽量物
[0001]
TECHNICAL FIELD OF THE INVENTION
The present invention relates to a processing method and an apparatus for reusing chips generated in a manufacturing process of a fiber-reinforced composite material, waste materials after use (hereinafter simply referred to as waste materials), and the like.
[0002]
[Prior art]
The above-mentioned waste material is one of the industrial wastes which are difficult to dispose of. It has been attempted to use it for civil engineering and the like by landfilling or partially crushing it, but usually it is incinerated.
[0003]
However, in recent years, its collection processing has been required, and its reuse has become a problem.
In view of the above, the present inventor has proposed a processing method and an apparatus for efficiently separating waste fiber and rubber and enabling reuse (Japanese Patent Application No. 8-147924).
The outline is shown in FIG.
[0004]
In the figure, a composite waste material treatment apparatus 50 containing fibers includes a coarse crusher 51, a supply mechanism 52 for supplying the coarsely crushed waste material to the coarse crusher 51 in a block shape, and a supply mechanism 52, and a coarse crusher 51. A suction fan 53 for transferring the crushed crushed material by an air flow, a separator 54 for separating the transferred crushed material from a conveying airflow, a crusher 55 for receiving the separated crushed material and crushing the same; And a sieving machine 56 for sieving the pulverized material crushed by the sifting machine 55.
[0005]
As is well known, the coarse crusher 51 is formed by winding a garnet wire around a cylinder, and crushes waste material fed from the supply mechanism 52 by the garnet wire. It is scraped off, sucked by the suction fan 53 and transferred to the separator 54.
[0006]
The separator 54 is of a cyclone type, and separates a transported minute object from a transport airflow by centrifugal force. The separated transport airflow contains a small amount of fine rubber powder and fiber waste. Therefore, this powder is separated from the conveying airflow in a dust collector, for example, a bag filter 57, and rubber particles and fiber waste are separated by a sieving machine 64, and each is taken out by an appropriate means.
[0007]
The crusher 55 uses, for example, a chopper. The chopper 55 is provided with a plurality of rotating blades 58 that rotate and strikes the separated material together with the crushing, thereby releasing the bond between the fiber and the rubber. The chopper 55 separates fine powder generated during operation by a mesh (or a punching metal) 59, and the separated fine powder is supplied to a vibrating sieve 60 and separated and sorted. Note that the fiber waste is extremely lightweight, and a sorting machine using an air flow may be used instead of the sieving machine.
[0008]
The relatively large residue remaining without being crushed into the fine powder in the chopper 55 is supplied to the vibrating sieve 56 to be separated and separated into separated fiber waste and a base material. In addition, the large residue which is not separated is supplied to the supply mechanism 52 of the coarse crusher 51, and the above-described process is repeated again.
[0009]
[Problems to be solved by the invention]
In the case of the above method, all the waste materials crushed by the coarse crusher are transferred to the separator 54 and separated. However, as a result of the experiment, it was found that the rubber pieces were almost separated from the fibers by the crushing by the coarse crusher.
In view of the above, an object of the present invention is to simplify a device by separating into a light-weight material mainly composed of fibrous materials and other heavy materials in a crushed material immediately after coarse crushing. .
[0010]
[Means for Solving the Problems]
The first invention for achieving the above object relates to the method, while transferring the composite waste material comprising fibers to be processed sequentially coarse crusher side by the feed mechanism, fibers from a more complex waste in the coarse crusher While scraping light-weight materials mainly composed of quality, the light-weight materials are separated from other heavy-weight materials immediately after coarse crushing by following the air flow accompanying rotation, and the light-weight materials are transported by the air flow and transported by the dust collector. At the same time as separating from the airflow, the heavy material is transferred to a crusher, and crushed and given an impact to separate the fiber waste remaining in the heavy material from the reusable base material. It is characterized in that the fiber waste and the reusable base material are sieved and removed by a machine.
[0011]
In the method for treating a composite waste material containing fibers according to the present invention comprising the above method, the fibers are separated from the heavy material easily by crushing the waste material with a coarse crusher. Then, the heavy material is pulverized to be further separated from the remaining fibers of the heavy material. By sieving this, both can be separated and collected.
[0012]
The second invention relates to an apparatus for performing the above method, and includes a coarse crusher for crushing a composite waste material while scraping a lightweight material from the composite waste material, and a supply for sequentially supplying the composite waste material to the coarse crusher by a feed roll. comprising a mechanism, a separator for separating the other heavy and light matter fiber is mainly by following the air flow caused by the rotation of the coarse crusher, the separator is rough crushed supply mechanism downward position A suction fan that is installed facing the machine with a small gap, sucks lightweight objects by air flow, and transfers it to the dust collector, and can reuse the remaining material by applying crushing action and impact to heavy objects. And a sifter for sieving the fiber waste and the base material discharged from the crusher.
[0013]
In the present invention having the above structure, the waste material is separated into a heavy material mainly composed of a reusable base material and a lightweight material mainly composed of fiber waste by being crushed by a coarse crusher. The fiber waste is transported along with the airflow generated accompanying the rotation of the coarse crusher, and is separated from heavy materials by the separator. The separated weight is pulverized in a pulverizer to separate fiber waste and a reusable base material, which are sieved by a sieve.
[0014]
BEST MODE FOR CARRYING OUT THE INVENTION
1 and 2 show an embodiment of the present invention. In the figure, a composite waste material treating apparatus 1 containing fibers is capable of reusing a coarse crusher 2, a supply mechanism 3 for supplying waste material W to the coarse crusher 2, and a crushed material crushed by the coarse crusher 2. A separator 4 for separating a heavy object W1 mainly composed of a base material and a light object W2 mainly composed of fiber waste, a suction fan 5 for transferring the separated lightweight object W2 by an air flow, and the heavy object W1 It mainly comprises a crusher 6 for receiving and crushing the crushed product, and a sifter 7 for sieving the crushed material crushed by the crusher 6.
[0015]
The supply mechanism 3 includes a feeding roll 10 and a dish plate 11. Reference numeral 12 denotes a pressing mechanism of the feeding roll 10. As shown in FIG. 2, the coarse crusher 2 winds a garnet wire 13 around an outer periphery of a cylinder 15, and has a supply mechanism 3 provided opposite to the garnet wire 13, and the separated fibrous material in the crushed material scraped off by the garnet wire 13. And a separator 4 for separating the light-weight object W2 mainly composed of the above-mentioned material and the other heavy-weight object W1. The separator 4 has a substantially triangular cross section, and its tip is arranged as close as possible to the garnet wire 13 and at an appropriate distance below the dish plate 11, that is, with a gap allowing the free fall of the heavy object W1. I do. Reference numeral 14 denotes a scraping plate for peeling off the transfer of fiber waste to the garnet wire 13, and reference numeral 16 denotes a driving motor of the coarse crusher 2.
[0016]
Reference numeral 17 denotes a suction duct attached to the suction side of the suction fan 5, which is provided below the garnet wire 13 and extends near the separator 4.
[0017]
The crusher 6 has an appropriate structure such as a chopper or a roll crusher, a disk crusher having a plurality of crushing blades attached to a disk, and the like. The purpose is not necessarily limited to these pulverizers as long as the purpose is a structure that peels off the fiber remaining in the heavy load W1. The treated material discharged from the crusher 6 is supplied to a sieving machine 7 and separated into a lightweight material mainly composed of fibers and a heavy material mainly composed of a base material.
[0018]
The carrier air containing the light-weight objects sucked by the suction fan 5 is transported to the dust collector 20. This dust collector 20 has, for example, a large number of bag filters 21 hanging down and provided with backwashing pressure air jet nozzles 22. Fine particles mainly composed of fibers in the conveying air are filtered by the bag filters and adhered. Then, it is separated and dropped by periodically ejecting the compressed air from the compressed air ejection nozzle 22. This is supplied to the sieving machine 23. The dust collector may use a dust filter unit or the like for centrifuging air and dust.
[0019]
In the above-described configuration, a composite material containing fibers, for example, a rubber belt, a rubber hose, a cut piece generated at the time of producing a carpet, a tire, or the like, or a waste material obtained by breaking these used products or the like into an appropriate size is supplied to the supply mechanism 3. Then, it is nipped by the feeding roll 10 and the dish plate 11 and sequentially transferred to the coarse crusher 2 side.
By crushing with the garnet wire 13 in the coarse crusher 2, the heavy material W1 in the waste material becomes a small mass and falls, and the lightweight fiber material is caught on the wire or moves along with the airflow. .
[0020]
By arranging the separator 4 at a position separated from the supply mechanism 3 by an appropriate distance, the heavy load W1 and the light load W2 are separated, and the heavy load W1 falls and is supplied to the crusher 6. By crushing with this crusher, the fibers remaining in the heavy load W1 and the reusable base material are separated, separated by the sieving machine 7 and collected respectively.
[0021]
Further, the lightweight object W2 is sucked by the suction force of the suction fan 5, and is supplied to the dust collector 20 in the next step. The transport air stream transferred to the dust collector 20 contains some reusable base material and fiber material. In the dust collector 20, these are separated from the carrier air, and the separated minute substances are separated by the sieving machine 23 into relatively large fibers and fine-particle base materials.
[0022]
【The invention's effect】
As described above, according to the present invention, by crushing a composite waste material containing fibers by a coarse crusher, a heavy material mainly composed of a reusable base material falls by its own weight, and a light material mainly composed of fiber waste. Moves in a state of being caught on the garnet wire of the coarse crusher and following the air flow accompanying this rotation. A heavy material mainly composed of a reusable base material that has fallen is disintegrated by crushing and hitting with a crusher using a crusher. Can be separated and each can be used again.
[Brief description of the drawings]
FIG. 1 is an overall explanatory diagram of the present invention.
FIG. 2 is an explanatory view of a crushing procedure by the coarse crusher of the present invention.
FIG. 3 is a schematic explanatory view of a known apparatus for treating composite waste material containing fibers.
[Explanation of symbols]
DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1 Composite waste material processing apparatus containing fiber 2 Coarse crusher 3 Supply mechanism 4 Separator 5 Suction fan 6 Crusher 7 Sieving machine 20 Dust collector W1 Heavy load W2 Light weight

Claims (2)

処理すべき繊維を含む複合廃材を供給機構によって順次粗破砕機側に移送しながら、該粗破砕機により複合廃材から繊維質を主体とする軽量物を掻き取るとともに、該軽量物を回転に伴う空気流に追随させることにより粗破砕直後にその他の重量物と分離せしめ、上記軽量物は空気流により移送し集塵機により搬送気流と分離すると共に、上記重量物は粉砕機に移送し、粉砕と衝撃とを付与して、重量物に残存している繊維屑と再使用可能な母材とに分離せしめ、しかる後、篩機により繊維屑と再使用可能な母材を篩分けし、取り出すことを特徴とする繊維を含む複合廃材処理方法。 While transferring the composite waste material comprising fibers to be processed sequentially coarse crusher side by the feed mechanism, with scrape light mainly composed of more fibrous from composite waste material to the coarse crusher, the rotation of the said light weight substance Immediately after coarse crushing by following the accompanying air flow, it is separated from other heavy materials.The lightweight material is transported by the air flow and separated from the carrier airflow by the dust collector, and the heavy material is transported to the crusher and crushed. Applying an impact to separate the fiber waste remaining in the heavy object and the reusable base material, and then sieving the fiber waste and the reusable base material with a sieving machine, and taking out. A method for treating a composite waste material containing fibers. 複合廃材から軽量物を掻き取りながら複合廃材を破砕する粗破砕機と、この粗破砕機に対し繰り出しロールによって順次複合廃材を供給する供給機構と、粗破砕機の回転に伴う空気流に追随させることにより繊維質主体とされた軽量物その他の重量物分離する分離器を備え、該分離器は供給機構下方適所に粗破砕機に対し微小間隙を存して対向配備すると共に、軽量物を空気流により吸引せしめ集塵機に移送する吸引ファンと、重量物に粉砕作用と衝撃を付与し残存している繊維屑と再使用可能な母材とに分離せしめる粉砕機を備え、該粉砕機より排出される繊維屑と母材とを篩い分ける篩機を備えたことを特徴とする繊維を含む複合廃材処理装置。Coarse crusher that crushes composite waste material while scraping lightweight materials from composite waste material, supply mechanism that supplies composite waste material sequentially by feeding rolls to this coarse crusher, and follows the air flow accompanying rotation of coarse crusher with fibrous is lightweight material which is mainly provided with a separator for separating the other heavy, the separator facing deployed with exist a small gap with respect to the coarse crusher feed mechanism downward position by lightweight A suction fan for sucking the material by an air flow and transferring the same to a dust collector; a crusher for imparting a crushing action and impact to the heavy material to separate the remaining fiber waste and a reusable base material; A composite waste material treatment apparatus containing fibers, comprising a sieving machine for sifting fiber waste and a base material discharged from the fiber waste.
JP27052697A 1997-09-17 1997-09-17 Method and apparatus for treating composite waste material containing fibers Expired - Fee Related JP3540568B2 (en)

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JP27052697A JP3540568B2 (en) 1997-09-17 1997-09-17 Method and apparatus for treating composite waste material containing fibers

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JPH1190260A JPH1190260A (en) 1999-04-06
JP3540568B2 true JP3540568B2 (en) 2004-07-07

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