JP3535649B2 - Fertilizer and / or soil conditioner using antibacterial material - Google Patents

Description

Description: BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention The present invention relates to a fertilizer and / or a soil conditioner using an antibacterial material. More specifically, an antimicrobial material is added to a fertilizer component, which has a function of replenishing plant nutrients and a function of suppressing the occurrence of soil diseases. Further, the fertilizer effect of the fertilizer component is slow. Fertilizer and / or
Or, it relates to a soil improvement material. In addition, a method of applying an antibacterial material to a plant together with a fertilizer component to delay the function of a soil microorganism that converts a nutrient component in the fertilizer component into a form that can be absorbed by the plant by the antibacterial material to make the fertilizer effect slow-release. And a fertilizer and / or a soil conditioner containing an antimicrobial agent for a food additive as an antimicrobial material. [0002] In the field of agriculture, there has conventionally been a demand for a technique in which the fertilizer effect is made as slow as possible to eliminate the need for additional fertilization. Heretofore, as a technique for making the supply of nutrient components of a plant more slow, a method of coating the nutrient component to delay its dissolution and a method of adding a hardly decomposable nutrient component have been adopted. However, these methods cannot be said to be simple methods, and their slow effects are not sufficiently satisfactory.
On the other hand, with regard to soil diseases in the agricultural field, many pathogenic bacteria have been present in the field due to continuous cropping, etc., and the disease does not easily stop even if soil disinfection is performed, and in such a field, the addition of fertilizer rather promotes the disease. There was a problem that a tendency was seen. [0003] Accordingly, an object of the present invention is to provide a function of suppressing the occurrence of soil diseases and a function of replenishing plant nutrients, and furthermore, the fertilizer effect of the fertilizer component is reduced. It is to provide a fertilizer and / or a soil conditioner which is effective. It is a further object of the present invention to provide a method for slowing the effect of a fertilizer by a fertilizer component, and a fertilizer and / or a soil conditioner excellent in environmental impact, safety, and the like. [0004] The present inventor has conducted intensive studies for the purpose of developing a fertilizer and / or a soil conditioner capable of achieving the above object. As a result, antimicrobial materials, particularly, Fertilizers and / or soil improvers obtained by adding, for example, orthophenylphenol salts, dehydroacetate salts and the like, which have been conventionally used as antibacterial agents for food additives,
Suppressing the occurrence of soil diseases and slowing down the fertilizer effect;
Further, the present inventors have found that a fertilizer and / or a soil improving material obtained by adding an antimicrobial agent for a food additive to a fertilizer component as an antimicrobial material is excellent in safety and the like, and completed the present invention. [0005] Accordingly, the present invention has a function of replenishing plant nutrients and a function of suppressing the occurrence of soil diseases by adding an antibacterial material to a fertilizer component, and the fertilizer effect of the fertilizer component is slow. And / or a soil conditioner. Furthermore, the present invention applies an antibacterial material to a plant together with a fertilizer component, delays the function of a soil microorganism that converts a nutrient component in the fertilizer component into a form that can be absorbed by the plant, and slows down the fertilizer effect. On how to make it. Furthermore, the present invention relates to a fertilizer and / or a soil conditioner, which contains an antibacterial agent for a food additive as an antibacterial material. BEST MODE FOR CARRYING OUT THE INVENTION In the present invention, the present invention relates to
Fusarium, picium, rhizoctonia, three main pathogens that are the main causes of soil diseases such as blight, wilt, or lawn leaf rot (brown patch)
Conduct antibacterial test using various materials, and as a result, by combining the fertilizer component and the antibacterial material, equipped with the function of replenishing plant nutrients and the function of suppressing the occurrence of soil diseases, furthermore by the fertilizer component It has been found that a fertilizer and / or a soil improving material having a slow fertilizer effect can be obtained. Fertilizer component used in the present invention is not particularly limited,
Components conventionally used as fertilizer components can be used as they are. For example, a fertilizer having any chemical properties such as an inorganic fertilizer, an organic fertilizer, an acidic fertilizer, a neutral fertilizer, a basic fertilizer, a water-soluble fertilizer, and a hardly soluble fertilizer may be used. Further, a single-component fertilizer such as a nitrogen fertilizer, a phosphate fertilizer, and a potassium fertilizer may be used, or a multi-component fertilizer such as a chemical fertilizer and a compound fertilizer may be used. In particular, a fertilizer component obtained by combining an inorganic fertilizer and an organic fertilizer is preferable. The antimicrobial material used in the present invention is not particularly limited, and any conventionally used antimicrobial material can be used. Among them, antibacterial agents used for food additives are preferable from the viewpoints of environmental impact and safety. Such antibacterial agents include orthophenylphenol salts, dehydroacetates, benzoates, sorbates,
Examples include propionate, and among them, sodium orthophenylphenol and sodium dehydroacetate are preferable. Particularly, sodium orthophenylphenol is preferred. The amount of the antimicrobial material added to the fertilizer component is such that the resulting fertilizer and / or soil conditioner exerts the function of suppressing the occurrence of soil diseases and the fertilizer effect of the fertilizer component becomes slow. Usually, it is preferable to add an antibacterial material to the fertilizer component in an amount of 0.1% by weight or more and less than 3% by weight based on the fertilizer component. Depending on the crop, melons, especially 1
It is preferable to add about wt% of the antibacterial material. [0008] The fertilizer and / or soil conditioner of the present invention obtained by adding an antimicrobial material to a fertilizer component is usually granulated by adding an antimicrobial material to the fertilizer component, then adding an appropriate amount of water, and granulating. After drying, it is preferable to use it as a granulated product having a particle size of about 1 to 3 mm. Further, in the present invention, an antibacterial material is applied to a plant together with a fertilizer component to delay the function of a soil microorganism for converting a nutrient component in the fertilizer component into a form that can be absorbed by the plant. Fertilizer effect can be slowed down. Such slow-release effect can be achieved by applying a fertilizer and / or a soil-improving material obtained by adding an antibacterial material to the above-mentioned fertilizer component to a plant. Alternatively, the antimicrobial material can be prepared separately from the fertilizer component and applied to the plant separately from the fertilizer component. The application rate of the antibacterial material in this case is an amount necessary to exert the function of suppressing the occurrence of soil diseases and to delay the function of soil microorganisms that convert nutrient components in fertilizer components into a form that can be absorbed by plants. Therefore, the amount is usually 0.1% by weight or more and less than 3% by weight with respect to the separately applied fertilizer component, and varies depending on the crop. However, in the case of melon, an amount of about 1% by weight is particularly preferable. [0010] The fertilizer and / or soil improver containing an antimicrobial agent for a food additive as an antimicrobial material, such as an orthophenylphenol salt, a dehydroacetate salt, etc., developed in the present invention is combined with the above-mentioned fertilizer component. It can also be prepared in combination with components commonly used for fertilizers, such as excipients, stabilizers, and extenders. The fertilizer and / or soil improver obtained in this manner can be used as an agricultural material having no adverse effects on the environment and having excellent safety, for suppressing soil diseases, slowly releasing the fertilizer effect, and the like. As described in detail above, the fertilizer and / or soil improving material of the present invention has a function of replenishing plant nutrients and a function of suppressing the occurrence of soil diseases. Can achieve the slowing effect of the fertilizer effect, is also excellent in safety, and is extremely significant as an agricultural material. EXAMPLES The present invention will be described in more detail with reference to the following examples, but the present invention is not limited to these examples. Example 1 Although any material may be used as an antibacterial material, selection was performed from among food additive materials in consideration of safety and the like. The antibacterial activity was confirmed using the following plant pathogens. Cucumber damping-off fungus Pythium delience lawn brown patch Rhizoctonia selani melon vine cracking fungus Fusarium oxysporum f. Sp. Melons cucumber vine cracking fungus Fusarium oxysporum f. Sp. Cucumerium tomato root rot wilt fungus Fusarium oxysporum f. Sp. Lycopersisi these bacteria, Takii Seedling Press, “Vegetable Disease Control”
p. 41-43; Science Co., Ltd., "Surface Diseases of Golf Courses Visually Seen" p. 52; and the National Rural Education Association, “Fusarium Disease in Crops” p. 437-441 and the like. Potato dextrose agar was used as a medium, and sodium dehydroacetate or sodium orthophenylphenol shown in Table 1 below was mixed with the medium at various concentrations immediately before solidification. Agar pieces of each of the above pre-cultured plant pathogens are placed at the center on an agar medium containing various concentrations of sodium dehydroacetate or sodium orthophenylphenol, and cultured at 25 ° C. for about 5 days to confirm whether they grow. did. The antimicrobial activity is shown in Table 1 below. [Table 1] From the above results, it was found that if orthophenylphenol was present at about 0.1 mg / ml, various plant pathogenic bacteria would not grow. Also, sodium orthophenylphenol was higher in antibacterial effect than sodium dehydroacetate, so that sodium orthophenylphenol was used in the following tests. Example 2 Orthophenylphenol sodium was actually mixed with a fertilizer component, and its disease control power was examined. As the fertilizer component, a mixture of the following materials in the following amount per 4 kg was used. Steamed bone flour 2.4 kg Kanketsu 0.4 kg CDU 0.32 kg Potassium sulfate 0.48 kg Kakigara 0.4 kg 500 ml of water was added to the obtained fertilizer component and granulated. The fertilizer component was prepared without adding orthophenylphenol sodium at all, or with 1% or 3% by weight. The addition was made in 500 ml of water.
After granulation, it was dried at 80 ° C. for 1 hour. The granules were completed at the ratios shown in Table 2 below. [Table 2] Table 2: Particle size ratio of granulated material . ───────────────────── 2mm or less 2mm or more ───────────────────────── 0% by weight 1.8kg 1.5kg 1% by weight 1.7kg 1.8kg 3% by weight 2.2kg 1.5kg The following disease control test was carried out using samples having a particle size of 2 mm or less as shown in Table 2 above. The diseased soil was prepared by using melon vine cracking fungus and adding 5 ml of a liquid culture solution containing melon vine cracking fungus per liter of Akadama soil so as to be mixed into the whole of Akadama soil. As a fertilizer, a granulated product having a particle diameter of 2 mm or less shown in Table 2 above and a chemical fertilizer (Kumiai Kasei 6-9-6) were used as a control, and 5 g was added per liter of Akadama soil (nitrogen in the fertilizer used). All components were around 6%). The melon was germinated using sunrise of Takii seedlings and transplanted to diseased soil after cotyledons had developed. Table 3 below shows the results. The granules having a particle size of 2 mm or less and sodium orthophenylphenol sodium added in an amount of 0% by weight, 1% by weight, and 3% by weight, respectively, are represented as Structure 0, Structure 1 and Structure 3 in Table 3 below. [Table 3] L: Number of surviving strains H: Number of strains that have not completely died but were damaged D: Number of died strains, and the number of days indicates the number of days after transplantation. From the results in Table 3 above, it was shown that the addition of fertilizer promotes the onset of disease as compared to the case where no fertilizer was added. When sodium orthophenylphenol was added in an amount of 3% by weight or more, growth impairment was observed. However, when the amount was 1% by weight, it was clarified that the promotion of onset by fertilizer was suppressed. Example 3 In order to investigate whether the decomposition of the fertilizer component was slow or not, a mineralization test of a nitrogen component was performed. The granules shown in Table 2 having a particle size of 2 mm or less are further sieved, and
A portion of 9-1.4 mm was used for the nitrogen mineralization test. To 50 g of actual field soil, 30 mg each of three types of fertilizers containing 0 wt%, 1 wt% and 3 wt% of orthophenylphenol sodium shown in Table 2 above were mixed with nitrogen components, and inorganic components of nitrogen components were mixed. The effect on the conversion rate was investigated. The maximum amount of water was 60%. Ammonia-form and nitrate-form nitrogen were measured over time according to a standard method, and the total was shown in Table 4 below as the amount of inorganic form nitrogen. When the average value of the two points is shown, the number of mg per 100 g of dry soil is as shown in Table 4 below. Samples were stored at 25 ° C. Ammonia nitrogen was measured by a potassium chloride liquid leaching method, and nitric nitrogen was measured by a Devarda alloy reduction-hydrogen distillation method (published by Hirotomo, “Soil standard analysis and measurement method”, p-105-116). [Table 4] Table 4: Changes with time of inorganic nitrogen ──────────────────────────────── Fertilizer 0 Day 10 Day 20 Day 30 Day 0 0% by weight 5.8 29 8.8 28.8 22.0 1% by weight 7.4 25.9 34.8 26.3 3% by weight 5.1 19.8 33.4 26.8} From the results shown in Table 4 above, when sodium orthophenylphenol was added, the peak of nitrogen mineralization was increased on the 20th day. However, in the case of no addition, it was clarified that it would be on the 10th day, and it was evident that the rate of mineralization was reduced.

Continuation of front page (72) Inventor Hirotaka Sato 4-7-128 Kitahama, Chuo-ku, Osaka-shi, Osaka Sumitomo Forestry Co., Ltd. (56) References JP-A-2-38393 (JP, A) JP-A-2- 196079 (JP, A) JP-A-5-38360 (JP, A) JP-A-5-139872 (JP, A) JP-A-5-271014 (JP, A) JP-A-7-109192 (JP, A) JP, A 51-10080 (JP, A) (58) Fields investigated (Int. Cl. ⁷ , DB name) C05B 1/00-C05G 5/00 A01N 1/00-65/02 C09K 17/00-17 / 52 A01G 1/00-1/12 E02D 17/00-17/20

Claims (1)

(57) [Claims 1] Orthophenylphenol salt as an antibacterial material in a fertilizer component is 0.1% by weight or more based on the fertilizer component.
Addition of less than 10% by weight, and then granulation by adding water, granulation, and drying after granulation to obtain granules having a particle size of 1 to 3 mm. An agricultural material for a fertilizer and / or a soil amendment, which has a function of suppressing fertilizer and has a slow effect of a fertilizer effect by a fertilizer component.