JP3527660B2 - microscope - Google Patents

Description

Detailed Description of the Invention

[0001]

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention The present invention relates to a microscope for enlarging and forming an image of an object to be observed, and more particularly to a close-up optical system with a cutaway edge and a lens barrel holding the close-up optical system. The present invention relates to a microscope in which an illumination optical system whose irradiation range is variable is arranged in a gap inside.

[0002]

2. Description of the Related Art Microscopes of this type are used, for example, in treating fine tissues such as in neurosurgery. That is, since it is difficult to visually identify the structural tissue of an organ composed of minute tissues such as the brain, such an organ must be treated under a microscope.

In such a microscope, since the image is dark because the objective optical system has a high magnification, an illumination optical system for illuminating the observation object is indispensable. In the case of illuminating an observation object with such an illumination optical system, the relative positional relationship of the center of the illumination light irradiation range with respect to the observation object does not change much even if the distance (working distance) to the observation object changes. Thus, it is desirable that the optical axis of the illumination optical system and the optical axis of the objective optical system be as close as possible. As one configuration for that purpose, the objective optical system is composed of a close-up optical system and an image-forming optical system, and the optical axis of the image-forming optical system is offset from the optical axis of the close-up optical system to form a connection in the close-up optical system. It is conceivable to form a notch surface on the edge of the image optical system far from the optical axis, and arrange the illumination optical system in the gap between the notch surface and the lens barrel of the close-up optical system.

[0004]

By the way, when the size of the object to be observed is various, such as in a surgical microscope, a zoom lens is used as an imaging optical system of the objective optical system, and the objective optical system is used. It is desirable to make the magnification of the entire system variable. When the overall magnification of the objective optical system is variable in this way, the illumination optical system must also have a variable irradiation range.

However, when an illumination optical system having a variable irradiation range is arranged in the lens barrel of the close-up optical system, the illumination light from the illumination optical system leaks to the side and inside the close-up lens group. It is conceivable that there will be a problem that the light will enter the stray light. That is, at least the lens barrel of the illumination optical system adopted in this case is provided with a lens frame that directly holds the lens and a guide groove that guides the drive pin implanted on the outer peripheral surface of the lens frame. And a cam barrel having a cam groove for driving a drive pin penetrating the guide groove of the fixed barrel. Therefore, since the inside of the lens barrel communicates with the outside at the intersection of the fixed groove and the cam groove, the illumination light passing through the inside of the lens barrel leaks to the outside through this intersection, and that light enters the close-up optical system as stray light. It gets in.

Since such stray light significantly deteriorates the quality of an image formed, it is necessary to shield the stray light. As such a light-shielding structure, a light-shielding plate may be attached between the lens barrel of the illumination optical system and the close-up optical system, but if a thick light-shielding plate is placed,
Since the optical axis of the illumination optical system is further apart from the optical axis of the objective optical system by the thickness, the original purpose of eliminating the shadow due to the illumination light is impaired.

The present invention has been made in view of the above problems, and its problem is to have an optical configuration in which the optical axis of the illumination optical system is as close as possible to the optical axis of the objective optical system. Despite this, it is an object of the present invention to provide a microscope in which illumination light does not leak into the objective optical system from leaking from the lens barrel that movably holds the lens in the illumination optical system.

[0008]

In order to achieve the above object, the present invention provides an image forming optical system including a zoom lens and an optical axis of the image forming optical system in front of the image forming optical system. A close-up optical system in which the optical axes are arranged so as to be offset substantially parallel to each other, and a cutout surface is formed on the side opposite to the optical axis of the imaging optical system with respect to the optical axis, and the close-up optical system. the light from the light source to <br/> both its optical axis in notched surface disposed proximate the lens barrel of the system is maintained so as to be substantially parallel to the optical axis of the close-up optical system In a microscope having an illumination optical system that distributes light toward the front of the close-up optical system, a lens barrel that holds the illumination optical system has a slit-shaped first groove from the front end side toward the rear end side. The formed first ring and this first ring A second slit-shaped second groove, which is fitted to the first ring so as to be rotatable relative to the first ring and oblique to the first groove, is formed from its front end side toward its rear end side. A lens frame that holds a ring and a lens that constitutes the illumination optical system inside the first ring and the second ring, and integrally includes a drive pin that is inserted at an intersection of the first groove and the second groove. And a light blocking member provided on the outer surface of the second ring to close the second groove.

With this structure, the optical axis of the imaging optical system is deflected by the close-up optical system and intersects with the optical axis of the close-up optical system in front of the close-up optical system. Therefore, the observation object existing in front of the close-up optical system is imaged by the objective optical system including the close-up optical system and the image forming optical system. The observation object imaged in this way is
It is illuminated by the illumination optics.
Since the optical axis of the close-up optical system is arranged close to the notch surface formed on the side opposite to the optical axis of the imaging optical system, the optical axis is deflected by the close-up optical system. It is as close as possible to the optical axis of the image optical system. Therefore, the distance to the observation target (working distance)
Even if fluctuates, the relative positional relationship of the center of the illumination light irradiation range with respect to the observation object does not change much. Further, the lens forming this illumination optical system can change the width of its illumination range by moving in the optical axis direction in accordance with the fact that the imaging optical system is a zoom lens. A lens barrel that movably holds a lens that constitutes this illumination optical system is formed in a first groove and a second ring formed in the first ring by relative rotation of the first ring and the second ring. The intersection with the second groove is moved, and the drive pin of the lens frame inserted at this intersection is moved in the optical axis direction. This second
Since the light shielding member for closing the second groove is provided on the outer surface of the ring, the illumination light does not leak from the lens barrel and enter the close-up optical system through the intersection of the first groove and the second groove. .

This microscope may be an optical microscope for magnifying and observing an image of an observation object formed by the imaging optical system through an eyepiece, or an observation object formed by this imaging optical system. It may be a video-type microscope that picks up the image of (1) directly or after being relayed by a relay optical system. Further, this microscope may be a monocular microscope having only one imaging optical system for the close-up optical system, or a pair of imaging optical systems for the commonly used close-up optical system. Binoculars equipped with
It may be a microscope.

The notch surface formed in the close-up optical system may be formed by grinding, or may be formed at the same time when the lens is molded by the mold. The shape of the cutout surface is not limited as long as the radius of the close-up optical system in that portion is smaller than the radii of other portions. Therefore, it may be flat, concave or convex. In the case of a flat surface or a cylindrical surface, it may be formed parallel to the optical axis of the close-up optical system or may be formed inclined. further,
When the cutout surface is formed as a concave surface parallel to the optical axis, the concave surface forming the cutout surface may be closed. In other words, a through hole for penetrating the illumination optical system may be formed in the primary part of the lens forming the close-up optical system, and the inner surface of the through hole may be a notched surface.

Since the illumination optical system has only to change the irradiation range of the illumination light emitted from the light source, it may be composed of a single lens group or a plurality of lens groups. Is also good. However, in the case of being composed of a plurality of lens groups, it becomes possible to change the irradiation angle of the illumination light as a zoom lens. The first ring and the second ring forming the lens barrel need only be able to rotate relative to each other, and thus the first ring may be fixed and the second ring may rotate.
The opposite may be applied, or both may be rotated. In either case, the first groove and the second groove need only be oblique relative to each other, so that either one is a straight groove parallel to the optical axis and the other is an optical axis. May be inclined, or both may be inclined with respect to the optical axis. The first groove, the second groove, and the lens frame may be provided as one set when the illumination optical system is configured by a single lens group, but the illumination optical system is configured by a plurality of lens groups. If so, a plurality of sets are provided for each moving lens group.

The light-shielding member may be made of, for example, a plate of metal or synthetic resin, or may be a metal pipe or a synthetic resin pipe fitted to the outer surface of the second ring, or a synthetic resin or It may be a polymer sheet. It is sufficient that such a light blocking member has at least a light blocking property that does not leak the illumination light inside the lens barrel to the outside, but if the outer surface of the light blocking member has an antireflection coating, it does not leak from the close-up optical system. It is also possible to prevent the reflected light from returning to the close-up optical system as stray light. The light blocking member is sufficient if it covers at least the second groove of the second ring over the entire area, but it may be provided on the entire outer surface of the second ring.

[0014]

BEST MODE FOR CARRYING OUT THE INVENTION Embodiments of the present invention will be described below with reference to the drawings.

In the embodiments described below, the microscope of the present invention video-captures an observation object as a stereoscopic image by an objective optical system in which a pair of left and right zoom lenses are combined with a commonly used close-up lens group. It is implemented as a video stereoscopic microscope. Such a video-type stereo microscope (hereinafter simply referred to as "stereo microscope")
Is used by being incorporated into a surgery support system used in, for example, neurosurgery. This surgery support system synthesizes a stereoscopic image (stereo image) obtained by video-recording a patient's tissue with a stereoscopic microscope and a CG (computer graphic) image created based on previously obtained data of an affected area. Display it on a stereoscopic viewer dedicated to the surgeon or a monitor for other staff.
This is a system for recording on a recording device. (Overall Configuration of Surgery Support System) FIG. 1 is a system configuration diagram showing an outline of this surgery support system. This Figure 1
As shown in FIG.
01, a high-definition CCD camera 102 attached near the upper end of the back surface of the stereoscopic microscope 101, and a microscope position measuring device 103 also attached near the lower end.
A counterweight 104 attached to the upper surface of the stereomicroscope 101, a light guide fiber 105 that penetrates through a through hole formed in the counterweight 104 and is conducted inside the stereomicroscope 101, and the light guide fiber 105. A light source device 106 for introducing illumination light to the stereoscopic microscope 101 through a computer, a surgery planning computer 108 having a disk device 107, a microscope position measuring device 103 and a real-time CG creation device 109 connected to the surgery planning computer 108, and An image synthesizing device 110 connected to the real-time CG creating device 109 and the high-definition CCD camera 102, a distributor 111 connected to the image synthesizing device 110, a recording device 115, a monitor 114 and a stereoscopic device connected to the distributor 111. Visual viewer 13, etc., are constructed.

In the above-mentioned disk device 107, the patient P
Images obtained by preliminarily photographing the affected part of the patient with various photographing devices (CT scan image, MRI image, SPEC
(T images, angiographic images, etc.) are stored, and three-dimensional data of the affected area and surrounding tissues created in advance based on these various images are also stored. It should be noted that this three-dimensional data has three-dimensional local coordinates defined with a reference point (marking or the like) set at a specific portion of the patient's outer skin or internal tissue as the origin, and the shape, size, and size of the affected area and surrounding tissue. It is data that specifies the position in vector format or map format.

Further, the above-mentioned stereoscopic microscope 101 has the first stand 10 through the mount attached to the back surface thereof.
It is detachably fixed to the tip of the free arm 100a of No. 0. Therefore, the stereoscopic microscope 101 is movable within a radius reached by the tip of the free arm 100a of the first stand 100 and can be oriented in any direction. However, here, for convenience, the direction of the subject with respect to the stereoscopic microscope 101 is defined as “down”, and the opposite direction is defined as “up”.

The optical structure of the stereoscopic microscope 101 will be described later in detail.
As shown in FIG. 2, the observation object is a large-diameter close-up optical system 210 having a single optical axis, and a pair of left and right converging light beams transmitted through different portions of the close-up optical system 210. Zoom optical system 220, 2
The left and right field stop 27
Images are formed as primary images at positions 0 and 271, respectively.
These left and right primary images are a pair of left and right relay optical systems 24.
CCD 11 which is relayed by 0, 250 and is introduced into the high-definition CCD camera 102, and which has an imaging surface of high-definition size (vertical and horizontal aspect ratio = 9: 16)
Left and right imaging areas in 6 (aspect ratio in the vertical and horizontal directions =
At 9: 8), they are re-imaged as secondary images.

With such a photographing optical system, the CCD 11
The images formed in the left and right image pickup areas on the image pickup surface 6 are equivalent to stereo images obtained by arranging left and right images respectively taken from two locations separated by a predetermined baseline length. Then, the output signal of the CCD 116 is generated as a high-definition signal by the image processor 117 and is output from the high-definition CCD camera 102 to the image synthesizing device 112.

The stereoscopic microscope 101 incorporates an illumination optical system 300 (see FIG. 6) for illuminating an observation object existing near the focal position of the close-up optical system 210. Then, illumination light is introduced into the illumination optical system 300 from the light source device 106 through the light guide fiber bundle 105.

Returning to FIG. 1, the microscope position measuring device 103 attached to the stereoscopic microscope 101 has a distance to an observation object existing on the optical axis of the close-up optical system 210.
The three-dimensional orientation of the optical axis of the close-up optical system 210 and the position of the reference point are measured, and the position of the observation object in the local coordinates is calculated based on the measured information. Then, the real-time CG creation device 109 is notified of the information on the direction of the optical axis and the position of the observation target.

This real-time CG creation device 109 is
Based on the information on the direction of the optical axis and the position of the observation object notified from the microscope position measuring device 103, and the three-dimensional data downloaded from the surgery planning computer 108, the affected part (eg, tumor) is detected from the direction of the optical axis. CG image equivalent to stereoscopic viewing (eg wireframe image)
Is generated in real time. This CG image is generated as a stereoscopic image (stereo image) at the same base line length and the same subject distance as the optical system in the stereoscopic microscope 101. Then, the real-time CG creation device 109 inputs the CG image signal indicating the CG image generated in this way to the image synthesizing device 110 at any time.

The image synthesizing device 110 converts a high-definition signal of an actual observation object input from the high-definition CCD camera 102 into a real-time CG creating device 109.
The scale of the CG image signal obtained from the above is adjusted and superimposed. In the image indicated by the high-definition signal obtained by superimposing such a CG image signal, the shape of the affected part is
The size and position are shown as a CG image such as a wire frame. This superimposed high-definition signal is distributed by the distributor 111 to the stereoscopic viewer 113 for the main operator D, the monitor 114 for other surgical staff or an advisor at a remote place, and the recording device 115. Each is supplied.

The stereoscopic viewer 113 is the second stand 1
Twelve free arms 112a are attached so as to hang down from the tip thereof. Therefore, the stereoscopic viewer 113 can be arranged according to the posture in which the main operator D can easily perform the treatment. A schematic configuration of the stereoscopic viewer 113 is shown in FIG. As shown in FIG. 3, the stereoscopic viewer 113 includes a high-definition-sized LCD panel 12
0 is built in as a monitor. This LCD panel 1
When the image by the high-definition signal from the distributor is displayed on the display 20, the image captured in the left imaging area of the CCD 116 is displayed on the left half 120b of the LCD panel 120 as shown in the plan view of FIG. An image taken in the right-side imaging area of the CCD 116 is displayed on the right half 120a. The boundary lines 120c of the left and right images are displaced or tilted depending on the position adjustment of the field diaphragms 270 and 271 described later. The optical path in the stereoscopic viewer 113 is divided into a right side and a left side by a partition wall 121 installed perpendicularly to the boundary line 120c when the field diaphragms 270 and 271 are accurately adjusted. The LCD panel 1 is provided on each side of the partition wall 121.
The wedge prism 119 and the eyepiece 1 in order from the 20 side
18 are arranged. This eyepiece lens 118 is LC
This is a lens for enlarging and forming a virtual image of an image displayed on the D panel 120 at a position approximately 1 m (-1 diopter) in front of the observation eye I. Further, the wedge prism 119 corrects the traveling direction of light so that the vergence angle of the observing eye I becomes the same angle as when observing an object existing 1 m ahead, and enables natural stereoscopic observation.

As described above, the image stereoscopically viewed by the stereoscopic viewer 113 or the image displayed on the monitor 114 has been detected based on the images previously captured by various image capturing devices. A CG such as a wire frame indicating the shape, size and position of an affected part such as a tumor is superimposed. Therefore, the main surgeon D or other surgical staff observing these,
The affected area, which is difficult to identify in the actual image, can be easily identified. This allows accurate and rapid treatment. (Configuration of Stereo Microscope) Next, the stereo microscope 101 described above.
The specific configuration of the high-definition CCD camera 102 will be described in detail. This stereoscopic microscope 101 has a high-definition CCD camera 1 as shown in the perspective view of FIG.
The back surface to which 02 is attached is flat, and has a substantially prismatic shape in which both side edges of the front surface (side surface opposite to the back surface) are chamfered. A recess 101a having a circular opening is formed in the center of the upper surface. An insertion port (not shown) into which the guide pipe 122, which is a cylindrical member having the tip of the light guide fiber bundle 105 inserted and fixed, is inserted is formed in the center of the recess 101a. The annular member (fiber guide insertion portion) 123 attached to the opening of the insertion port is a chuck for fixing the guide pipe 122 inserted into the insertion port. <Optical configuration> Next, the optical configuration in the stereoscopic microscope 101 will be described.
This will be described with reference to FIGS. 6 to 9. 6 is a perspective view showing the overall structure of the microscope optical system, FIG. 7 is a side view, FIG. 8 is a front view, and FIG. 9 is a plan view.

As shown in FIG. 6, the microscope optical system illuminates the subject with the photographing optical system 200 for electronically photographing the image of the subject and the illumination light guided from the light source device 106 by the light guide fiber bundle 105. It is composed of an illumination optical system 300.

As described above, the photographing optical system 200 as a whole includes one close-up optical system 210 shared by the left and right, and an objective optical system composed of a pair of left and right zoom optical systems 220, 230. A pair of left and right relay optical systems 240 and 250 for relaying the primary image of the subject formed by the objective optical system to form a secondary image of the subject, and subject light from these relay optical systems 240 and 250 are brought close to each other. A convergence approach prism 260 is provided.

Field diaphragms 270 and 271 are arranged at the positions where the primary images are formed by the zoom optical systems 220 and 230, respectively. The relay optical systems 240 and 250 have pentagonal prisms 272 for deflecting the optical paths at right angles. 273
But they are arranged respectively.

With such a configuration, the CCD camera 10
It is possible to form left and right subject images having a predetermined parallax in two adjacent areas on the CCD 116 arranged inside the image pickup device 2. In the description of the optical system, "left and right" is C
The direction that coincides with the longitudinal direction of the image pickup surface when projected onto the CD 116, "up and down", is the direction that is orthogonal to the left and right direction on the CCD 116. Hereinafter, the configuration of each optical system will be described in order.

As shown in FIGS. 6, 7, and 8, the close-up optical system 210 is constructed by arranging a negative first lens 211 and a positive second lens 212 in order from the object side. The second lens 212 is movable in the optical axis direction,
By adjusting the movement, it is possible to focus on objects at different distances. That is, in the close-up optical system 210, since the second lens 212 is adjusted so that the main subject (observation target) is located at the focal position,
Performs a collimating function that converts the divergent light from the subject into almost parallel light. The close-up optical system 210 is held in a known lens barrel 1 composed of a plurality of cylinders (fixed ring, cam ring, lens frame) that are stacked in a nested manner. cam ring constituting the by Rukoto is rotated by a drive source or manually, such as a motor, the optical axis position of the second lens 212 is adjusted as described above.

However, the first and second lenses 211 and 212 constituting the close-up optical system 210 themselves are arranged along a plane parallel to the optical axis and passing a position slightly outward from the optical axis. The outer edge is cut out. Therefore, when viewed from the optical axis direction, each of the planar shapes is a D-cut shape, and therefore, a substantially semi-cylindrical shape is formed between the cutout surfaces 211a and 212a and the inner surface of the lens barrel 1. Is open. The illumination optical system 300 is arranged in this gap with its optical axis Ax4 parallel to the optical axis Ax1 of the close-up optical system 210. In the close-up optical system 210, although the cutout surfaces 211a and 212a of the first and second lenses 211 and 212 are anti-reflection black-painted, the cutout surfaces 211a and 212a are not printed.
No light-shielding member is provided between the a and 212a or before and after the 212a. Therefore, the illumination optical system 300 can be arranged as close as possible to the optical axis Ax1 of the close-up optical system 210.

Each of the zoom optical systems 220 and 230 is an image forming optical system which forms an image of the subject light imaged at infinity from the close-up optical system 210 at the positions of the field diaphragms 270 and 271 respectively.

One zoom optical system 220 is shown in FIGS.
As shown in FIG. 5, the close-up optical system 210 is configured by first to fourth lens groups 221, 222, 223, 224 having positive, negative, negative, and positive powers in order, and the first and fourth lenses are formed. The groups 221 and 224 are fixed, and the second and third lens groups 222 and 223 are moved in the optical axis direction for zooming. The magnification is changed mainly by moving the second lens group 222, and the focus position is kept constant by moving the third lens group 223. The other zoom optical system 230 also
The zoom optical system 220 has the same configuration as that of the zoom optical system 220 and includes first to fourth lens groups 231, 232, 233 and 234.

These zoom optical systems 220 and 230 are
As schematically shown in FIG. 10, they are held in the zoom lens barrel 4 having a known structure. Annular gears 4a and 4b, which rotate integrally with a cam ring (not shown), are attached near the upper end and the lower end of the zoom lens barrels 4 and 4, respectively. Of these, the upper end annular gear 4a meshes with the pinion gear 3 attached to the drive shaft of the drive motor 2 common to the zoom lens barrels 4 and 4, so that the drive motor 2 is driven by the drive shaft. Is rotated, the cam ring (not shown) of each zoom lens barrel 4 is rotated, and the zoom optical systems 220 and 230 are zoomed synchronously. As a result, it is possible to change the shooting magnifications of the left and right images at the same time.

Optical axes Ax of the zoom optical systems 220 and 230
2, Ax3 is the optical axis Ax1 of the close-up optical system 210
Is offset and arranged in parallel with. However,
The optical axes Ax2 and Ax3 of the zoom optical systems 220 and 230 are equidistant from each other with respect to the optical axis Ax1 of the close-up optical system 210, and the cut surfaces 211a and 21 of the D cut portion are formed.
It is offset so that the distances from 2a are equal to each other. When viewed from the optical axis Ax1 direction of the close-up optical system 210, the close-up optical system 210
Optical axis Ax1 and optical axes A of both zoom optical systems 220 and 230
x2 and Ax3 are arranged so as to form an isosceles triangle with the position of the optical axis Ax1 as an obtuse angle.

The diameter of the close-up optical system 210, that is, the inner diameter of the lens barrel 1 is equal to the zoom optical system 22.
It is set to be larger than the diameter of a circle including the maximum effective diameter of 0,230 and the maximum effective diameter of the illumination optical system 300. Therefore, the optical axes of the zoom optical systems 220 and 230 are deflected by the close-up optical system 210 and intersect with each other at the object-side focal position of the close-up optical system 210. As a result, images equivalent to those obtained by imaging the same object from two positions separated by a predetermined base line length are formed at the image-side focal positions of both zoom optical systems 220 and 230, respectively.

On the other hand, the illumination optical system 300 has a function of projecting illumination light onto a subject, and as shown in FIGS. 6 and 7,
An illumination lens group 310 for adjusting the degree of divergence of the divergent light emitted from the light guide fiber bundle 105, and a wedge prism 32 for matching the illumination range and the shooting range.
It is composed of 0 and 0. Optical axis A of the illumination lens group 310
x4 is a close-up optical system 210 as shown in FIG.
Since it is parallel to the optical axis Ax1 and is decentered by a predetermined amount, the center of the illumination range and the center of the photographing range do not coincide with each other, and the illumination light amount is wasted. Therefore, the wedge prism 320 is provided with a wedge angle that deflects the optical axis of the optical axis Ax4 of the illumination lens group 310 so as to intersect the optical axis Ax1 at the average position of the image-side focus of the close-up optical system 210. . As a result, it is possible to illuminate an observation object on which the close-up optical system 210 is focused and image formation is performed by the zoom optical systems 220 and 230 without wasting the illumination light amount. Moreover, as described above, since the optical axis Ax4 of the illumination optical system 300 is arranged as close as possible to the optical axis Ax1 of the close-up optical system 210, each zoom optical system 2 from the observation target object.
The deviation between the direction of the principal ray of the light incident on 20 and the direction of the illumination light is relatively small.

The illumination lens group 310 is, as shown in FIG. 11, a first lens group 311 having a positive power.
And a second lens group 312 having negative power, which is a zoom optical system. Both lens groups 311 and 3
12 is held by a zoom lens barrel 5 having a configuration described later, and both zoom optical systems 220 and 230 are held as described above.
When the zooming is performed, each of them is moved in the direction of the optical axis in conjunction with this and the light distribution angle is changed. As a result, it is possible to illuminate the observation target included in the angle of view in accordance with the change in the angle of view at which images are formed by the zoom optical systems 220 and 230.

The field stops 270 and 271 are arranged at the position of the primary image formed by the zoom optical systems 220 and 230 (image side focal position). Field stop 270, 271
As shown in FIG. 6, the outer shape is circular, the left-right direction
Have semicircular openings at positions close to each other . The field stops 270 and 271 are arranged so that the linear edges of the openings coincide with the direction corresponding to the boundary line between the left and right images on the CCD 116, and only the light flux inside thereof is transmitted.

As described above, in the microscope of the embodiment, since the left and right secondary images are formed in the adjacent areas on the single CCD 116, the boundary between the left and right images on the CCD 116 is made clear and the overlapping of the images is prevented. It needs to be prevented. Therefore, the field stops 270 and 271 are arranged at the position of the primary image. The boundary between the left and right images on the CCD 116 can be made clear by causing the straight edge of the semicircular opening to function as a so-called knife edge and transmitting only the light flux inside thereof.

The primary images formed on the field stops 270 and 271 are re-imaged by the relay optical systems 240 and 250 to become secondary images, and the primary image and the secondary image are vertically and horizontally reversed. . Therefore, the knife edge that defines the outer side in the left-right direction at the position of the primary image defines the inner side in the left-right direction at the position of the secondary image, that is, the boundary between the left and right images.

The relay optical systems 240 and 250 have a function of re-imaging the primary image formed by the zoom optical systems 220 and 230 as described above, and each of them is composed of three positive lens groups.

As shown in FIGS. 6 and 7, one relay optical system 240 includes a first lens group 241 composed of a single positive meniscus lens and a second lens group 242 having a positive power as a whole. And a third lens group 243 composed of a single biconvex lens. Of these, the first lens group 241 and the second lens group 242 have their object-side focal points as a whole kept constant on the image forming plane of the primary image by the zoom optical system 220 (the same plane as the field stop 271). Further, the third lens group 243 is the second lens group 2
The parallel light emitted from 42 is converged on the image pickup surface of the CCD 116. A penta prism 272 that deflects the optical path at a right angle is disposed between the first lens group 241 and the second lens group 242, and the light amount is adjusted between the second lens group 242 and the third lens group 243. A brightness diaphragm 244 for use is provided.

The other relay optical system 250 has the same structure as the above relay optical system 240, and is composed of first, second, and third lens groups 251, 252, 253, and the first lens group 251 and the second lens group 251. A penta prism 273 is disposed between the lens group 252 and a brightness diaphragm 254 is disposed between the second lens group 252 and the third lens group 253.

The divergent light that has passed through the field diaphragms 270 and 271 is again converted into substantially parallel light by the first lens groups 241 and 251 and the second lens groups 242 and 252 of the relay optical system, and the iris diaphragms 244 and 254 are converted. After passing, an image is formed again by the third lens groups 243 and 253 to form a secondary image.

A convergence prism 260 arranged between the relay optical systems 240 and 250 and the CCD camera 102.
Has a function of narrowing the left-right interval of subject light from each of the relay optical systems 240 and 250. In order to obtain a stereoscopic effect by stereoscopic vision, left and right zoom optical systems 220, 23
0, a predetermined base line length is required between the relay optical systems 240 and 250. On the other hand, in order to form a secondary image in the adjacent area on the CCD 116, it is necessary to make the distance between the optical axes smaller than the base line length. Therefore, the convergence approach prism 260
By shifting the optical axes of the relay optical systems inward, the same CCD can be secured while ensuring a predetermined baseline length.
It is possible to image upward.

The convergence approach prism 260 is shown in FIGS.
As shown in FIG. 7, the pentagonal prism left and right symmetrical optical axis shift prisms 261 and 262 are arranged to face each other with a gap of about 0.1 mm.

As shown in FIG. 9, the optical axis shift prisms 261 and 262 have an incident end surface and an exit end surface which are parallel to each other, and also have first and second reflecting surfaces which are parallel to each other on the inner side and the outer side. ing. Further, these optical axis shift prisms 261 and 262, when viewed two-dimensionally in a direction perpendicular to the entrance and exit end surfaces and the reflection surface, have one of the acute apex angles of the parallelogram that is perpendicular to the exit end surface. It is a pentagonal shape formed by cutting with.

The subject light from the relay optical systems 240 and 250 enters from the incident end faces of the optical axis shift prisms 261 and 262, is reflected by the outer reflecting surface, is directed inward in the left-right direction, and is the inner reflecting surface. Is reflected again in the same optical axis direction as at the time of incidence, and is emitted from the exit end face to the CCD camera 102.
Incident on. As a result, the left and right subject lights are narrowed only in the left and right intervals without changing their traveling directions, and the same CCD 1 is used.
A secondary image is formed on 16. <Optical System Holding Mechanism> Next, the configuration of the zoom barrel 5 that holds the illumination optical system 300 described above will be described in detail. Figure 1
1 is an enlarged vertical cross-sectional view showing a peripheral portion of the zoom lens barrel 5 (illustrated in practice) and the close-up optical system 210 in FIG. 10, showing an optical axis Ax4 of the illumination optical system 300 and the close-up optical system 210. A longitudinal section taken along a plane including the optical axis Ax1 is shown. Further, FIG. 12 is a perspective view of the zoom lens barrel 5 taken along the cross section of FIG. 11. In addition, FIG.
FIG. 14 is a side view of the zoom lens barrel 5, and FIG. 14 is a perspective view of the zoom lens barrel 5 partially including a vertical cross section.

As shown in these drawings, the zoom lens barrel 5 includes a cylindrical fixed ring (first ring) 51 fixed to the housing of the binocular microscope 101 and an outer peripheral surface of the fixed ring 51. Cylindrical cam ring (second ring) 52 rotatably fitted in the
A first lens moving frame (lens frame) 53 that holds the first lens group 311 therein and is inserted in the fixed ring 51 so as to be movable back and forth in the optical axis direction; and the second lens group 312. The second lens moving frame (lens frame) 54, which is held inside and is inserted in the fixed ring 51 so as to be able to move forward and backward in the optical axis direction, and the wedge prism 32 inside the second lens moving frame 54.
A prism holding frame 55, which holds 0 and is screwed and fixed to the lower end of the fixed ring 51, and a cam gear 56, which is non-rotatably fitted to the outer peripheral surface near the upper end of the cam ring 52, are the main components. There is.

At the upper end of the fixed ring 51, the tip of the guide pipe 122 of the light guide fiber bundle 105 fixed to the fiber guide insertion portion 123 shown in FIG. 5 is coaxially inserted. In order to hold the tip of the guide pipe 122 thus inserted, the inner surface near the upper end of the fixed ring 51 is formed as a receiving portion 51a having an inner diameter substantially the same as the outer diameter of the guide pipe 122. Further, the upper end surface of the fixed ring 51 in which the receiving portion 51a is formed is formed in a mortar shape to guide the tip of the guide pipe 122 inserted through the fiber guide insertion portion 123 to the opening of the receiving portion 51a. There is.

A flange 51c for contacting and positioning the lower end of the cam ring 52 is formed in the vicinity of the lower end of the outer peripheral surface of the fixed ring 51. The prism 51c is located closer to the end than the flange 51c. A male screw 51b for screwing the holding frame 55 is formed.

The upper end of the outer peripheral surface of the fixed ring 51, which is closer to the cam ring 52, is slightly smaller than the outer diameter of the cam ring 52.
A locking ring 57 for preventing the cam ring 52 from falling off is screwed and fixed in the vicinity of the step between the small diameter portion and the large diameter portion. As a result, the cam ring 52 becomes the fixed ring 5.
It is rotatable with respect to No. 1 and cannot move back and forth in the axial direction.

The area of the fixed ring 51 in which the cam ring 52 is fitted has a slit-shaped first portion extending parallel to the central axis of the fixed ring 51 for defining the moving range of the first lens moving frame 53. The guide groove 51d is formed at one place in the circumferential direction. In the area where the cam ring 52 is fitted in the fixed ring 51, a slit-shaped second guide groove 51e extending parallel to the central axis of the fixed ring 51 for defining the moving range of the second lens moving frame 54 is also provided. Are formed at three positions at equal angular intervals (120 degrees each) in the circumferential direction.

In the area of the cam ring 52 which is in contact with the first guide groove 51d, a slit-shaped first cam groove 52a diagonally intersecting the first guide groove 51d is spirally formed over about 360 degrees. Has been formed. Further, in the area of the cam ring 52 that is in contact with each second guide groove 51e, a slit-shaped second cam groove 52b that obliquely intersects each second guide groove 51e has a spiral shape over about 360 degrees. Has been formed. The second cam groove 52b is the second guide groove 51e.
According to the fact that is formed in three places at equal angular intervals,
Three cam rings 52 are formed at equal angular intervals with respect to the central axis of the cam ring 52, and are arranged in a triple spiral shape. Therefore, the cam ring 52
Is rotated with respect to the fixed ring 51, the first guide groove 51d
And the first cam groove 52a, and each second guide groove 52
The intersections of e and the second cam grooves 52b move in the same direction in the axial direction. However, the moving speed is the guide grooves 51d and 51e of the cam grooves 52a and 52b.
Since it depends on the inclination angle (lead angle) with respect to, the moving speed of the intersection of the first guide groove 51d and the first cam groove 52a is slow, and the movement of the intersection of the second guide groove 52e and the second cam groove 52b is slow. The speed is fast.

On the outer peripheral surface of the first lens moving frame 53, the first lens
One drive pin 58 penetrating the intersection of the guide groove 51d and the first cam groove 52a is planted. In addition, on the same circumference on the outer peripheral surface of the second lens moving frame 54, each second
Three drive pins 59 penetrating the intersections of the guide grooves 52e and the respective second cam grooves 52b are planted at equal angular intervals with respect to the central axis thereof. Therefore, as described above, the cam ring 52 is rotated with respect to the fixed ring 51, and the first guide groove 51
d and the intersection of the first cam groove 52a, and each second guide groove 5
When the intersection of 2e and each second cam groove 52b is moved, each drive pin 58, 59 penetrating each intersection is axially driven according to the movement of this intersection, and each drive pin 58, 59 is moved.
The first lens moving frame 53 and the second lens moving frame 54, which are integrated with 59, are pulled by the drive pins 58 and 59 to fix the fixed ring 5.
1 moves in the axial direction.

In addition, on the outer periphery of each drive pin 58, 59,
Rollers are rotatably fitted in order to reduce sliding friction with the grooves 51d, 52a, 51e, 52b. The outer end surfaces of the drive pins 58 and 59 are located inside the outer peripheral surface of the cam ring 52.

Due to the above structure, the guide grooves 51 are provided between the inner surface of the fixed ring 51 and the outer surface of the cam ring 52.
The d, 51e and the respective cam grooves 52a, 52b communicate with each other at many points. Therefore, the fixed ring 51
Illumination light passing through the interior may leak out through these intersections. In order to prevent this light leakage, a light shielding sheet 60 is attached to the outer surface of the cam ring over almost the entire area (excluding the cam gear 56). The light shielding sheet 60 is made of black PET (polyet) having a thickness of about 50 μm.
hylen terephthalate) is an antireflection material obtained by coating the surface of a sheet with a fine and uniform resin (satin paint) for the purpose of antireflection. Examples of the light shielding sheet 60 include "Soma Black NR" manufactured by Somar Corporation.
(Trade name) ”can be used. The light-shielding sheet 60 is attached to the outer surface of the cam ring 52 by an acrylic adhesive layer applied on the back surface thereof.

The cam gear 5 fixed to the upper end of the cam ring 52
6 is in mesh with the annular gear 4b of the zoom barrel 4 of the one zoom optical system 220 shown in FIG. 10 via a gear train (not shown). Therefore, as described above, when the zoom lens barrels 4 of the zoom optical systems 220 and 230 are rotated by the motor 2 and the zoom optical systems 220 and 230 are zoomed, the zoom lens barrels of one of the zoom lens barrels 4 are interlocked with each other. Then, the cam ring 52 of the zoom lens barrel 5 rotates, and as a result, the lens moving frames 53 and 54 are driven as described above, and the illumination lens group 300 is zoomed. Therefore, the illumination light introduced through the light guide fiber bundle 105 is emitted by the illumination lens group 3 thus zoomed.
00 through the wedge prism 320 while being diffused at the light distribution angle adjusted by the zooming. Then, the object to be observed existing on the optical axis of the close-up optical system 210 is illuminated by being refracted by the wedge prism 320.

In this way, the illumination light passing through the zoom lens barrel 5 is blocked by the light blocking sheet 60 and does not leak out from the side surface thereof. Therefore, this illumination light is regarded as stray light in the photographing optical system 200 (close-up optical system 210).
It doesn't get inside. Moreover, this light shielding sheet 60
Since the anti-reflection coating (satin paint coating) is applied to the surface of the
Light leaking from 0 will not be reflected and returned to the close-up optical system 210 as stray light.

[0061]

As described above, according to the microscope of the present invention, the illumination optical system has an optical configuration in which the optical axis of the illumination optical system is as close to the optical axis of the objective optical system as possible. Since the illumination light does not leak from the lens barrel that movably holds the system lens and enters the objective optical system as stray light, the image quality is not deteriorated by the stray light.

[Brief description of drawings]

FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram showing an overall configuration of a surgery support system incorporating a video stereoscopic microscope according to a first embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 2 is an optical configuration diagram showing an outline of an optical configuration in a video stereoscopic microscope.

FIG. 3 is an optical configuration diagram showing an outline of an optical configuration of a video stereoscopic viewer.

FIG. 4 is a plan view of an LCD panel.

FIG. 5: Perspective view of external appearance of stereoscopic microscope

FIG. 6 is a perspective view showing the overall configuration of a microscope optical system.

FIG. 7 is a side view showing the overall configuration of the microscope optical system.

FIG. 8 is a front view showing the overall configuration of a microscope optical system.

FIG. 9 is a plan view showing the overall configuration of a microscope optical system.

FIG. 10 is a perspective view showing the arrangement of each lens barrel in the housing of the video stereoscopic microscope.

11 is an enlarged cross-sectional view around the zoom lens barrel of the illumination optical system in FIG.

FIG. 12 is a perspective view of the zoom lens barrel taken along the section of FIG.

FIG. 13 is a side view of the zoom lens barrel.

FIG. 14 is a perspective view of a zoom lens barrel.

[Explanation of symbols]

1 lens barrel 5 zoom lens barrel 51 fixed ring 51a First guide groove 51b Second guide groove 52 Cam ring 52a First cam groove 52b Second cam groove 53 First lens moving frame 54 Second lens moving frame 58, 59 drive pin 60 light shielding sheet 116 CCD 200 Shooting optical system 210 Close-up optical system 220,230 Zoom optical system 300 Illumination optical system 310 Lighting lens group 311 First lens group 312 Second lens group 320 wedge prism

Continuation of the front page (56) Reference JP-A-8-5923 (JP, A) JP-A-9-274141 (JP, A) JP-A-61-100713 (JP, A) JP-A-8-76017 (JP , A) JP-A-4-53935 (JP, A) JP-A-60-7412 (JP, A) JP-A-10-274701 (JP, A) Actual development Sho-52-80662 (JP, U) JP-B 43-23913 (JP, B1) (58) Fields investigated (Int.Cl. ⁷ , DB name) G02B 21/22 A61B 19/00 508

Claims (9)

(57) [Claims] 1. An image forming optical system including a zoom lens, and is arranged in front of the image forming optical system such that its optical axis is offset substantially parallel to the optical axis of the image forming optical system. A close-up optical system in which a cutout surface is formed on the side opposite to the optical axis of the imaging optical system with respect to the optical axis, and the close-up optical system in the lens barrel arranged close to the cutout surface of the close-up optical system. In a microscope having an optical axis that is held so that its optical axis is substantially parallel to the optical axis of the close-up optical system and that has an illumination optical system that distributes light from a light source toward the front of the close-up optical system. The lens barrel holding the illumination optical system includes a first ring in which a slit-shaped first groove is formed from the front end side toward the rear end side, and the first ring on the outside of the first ring with respect to the first ring. It is fitted so that it can rotate relative to And a second ring in which a slit-shaped second groove oblique to the first groove is formed from the front end side toward the rear end side, and the inside of the first ring and the second ring, While holding the lens that constitutes the illumination optical system, the first groove and the second groove
A microscope comprising: a lens frame integrally having a drive pin inserted at an intersection with a groove; and a light blocking member provided on an outer surface of the second ring to close the second groove. 2. The microscope according to claim 1, wherein the first ring is fixed and the second ring is rotationally driven. 3. The microscope according to claim 1, wherein the first groove is formed parallel to the optical axis of the illumination optical system. 4. The microscope according to claim 1, wherein the lens frame is held in the first frame by being fitted in the first frame. 5. The illumination optical system is a zoom lens including a plurality of lens groups, and the lens frame, the first groove, and the second groove correspond to each moving lens group in the zoom lens. The microscope according to claim 1, wherein the microscope is provided. 6. The microscope according to claim 1, wherein the light-shielding member has a sheet shape and is attached to an outer surface of the second ring. 7. The microscope according to claim 6, wherein an outer surface of the light shielding sheet is coated with an antireflection coating. 8. The microscope according to claim 1, wherein the notch surface of the close-up optical system is formed as a plane parallel to the optical axis thereof. 9. The microscope according to claim 1, wherein a pair of the image forming optical systems is provided.