JP3517303B2 - Total station - Google Patents

Description

Detailed Description of the Invention

[0001]

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention The present invention relates to a total station equipped with a collimation device such as a collimation telescope.

[0002]

2. Description of the Related Art Surveying instruments currently mainly used for surveying land or the like are a light wave rangefinder and an electronic theodolite. This light-wave rangefinder measures the distance to the measurement target point by sending modulated light to the corner cube placed at the measurement target point and measuring the phase change of the reflected light reflected by this corner cube. It is a thing. The electronic theodolite measures the horizontal angle and altitude angle of the measurement target point by detecting the horizontal relative angle and the vertical relative angle of the collimation telescope facing the direction of the measurement target point. . The total station integrates the functions of these light-wave rangefinders and the functions of the electronic theodolite, and it is possible to output various data by performing arithmetic processing on each survey result, that is, ranging and angle measurements. It is the one.

In this total station, collimation of a measurement target point by a collimation telescope is performed during surveying. That is, the optical axis of the collimation telescope is configured to be coaxial or parallel to the light transmitting / receiving optical axis of the modulated light. Therefore, by collimating the corner cube with a collimating telescope (that is, by finely adjusting the orientation of the collimating telescope itself and aligning the corner cube with the center of the sight of the collimating telescope) Match the corner cube,
The condition is such that light wave distance measurement can be performed. Further, an encoder for measuring the horizontal relative angle and the vertical relative angle of the two is incorporated between the collimating telescope and the reference table fixed to the measuring point. Therefore, by collimating the target with the collimating telescope, the direction of the collimating telescope is matched with the direction of the target, and the horizontal angle and the altitude angle of the target with respect to the reference table are measured.

However, since the total station measures a distance in a unit of several kilometers or an angle in a unit of a second, the collimation of the collimation telescope must be performed very precisely. Therefore, in collimation, fine adjustment of the collimation telescope is required.

In the conventional total station, a rotary knob for fine adjustment in the horizontal direction and a rotary knob for fine adjustment in the vertical direction are provided for fine adjustment of the collimating telescope.

[0006]

However, when the rotary knob for fine adjustment in the horizontal direction and the rotary knob for the vertical direction are provided separately, they must be operated individually. That is, when performing fine adjustment in the oblique direction, either one of the rotary knobs must be operated first, and then the other rotary knob must be operated, or the two rotary knobs must be operated with both hands. In this way, in the conventional total station, it is necessary to adjust the collimation telescope in the diagonal direction by fine adjustment.
Since it required action, collimation took time and effort.

Therefore, an object of the present invention is to provide a total station capable of rotating the collimation device in an oblique direction only by operating one operating member in one direction, thereby performing collimation work in a short time. Is to provide.

[0008]

In order to solve the above-mentioned problems, a total station according to the present invention is a total station having a collimating device which can be tilted in an arbitrary direction with respect to a base, and is a first station with respect to the base . Through the axis of
It is rotatably supported and is orthogonal to the first axis.
The collimation device is rotated through a second axis that is oriented toward
An intermediate member for supporting the stationary, the base to the first axis
A first rotating means for rotationally driving the intermediate member with respect to
A first member interposed between the intermediate member and the first rotating means.
No. 1 friction clutch and the intermediate member around the second shaft
Second rotating means for rotating the collimation device relative,
A first interposing between the collimation device and the second rotating means.
2 friction clutch and attached to said intermediate member, 2
A two-dimensional direction instruction input means for inputting the direction and amount of operation of dimension entered by the two-dimensional direction instruction input means
Decomposing means for decomposing the operation amount into orthogonal two-direction components respectively corresponding to the two-dimensional directions, and the first rotating means and the second rotating means according to the two-way components decomposed by the decomposing means, respectively. and control means for controlling, characterized by comprising (corresponding to claim 1).

[0009]

Embodiments of the present invention will be described below with reference to the drawings. Before giving a detailed description of the embodiments, the concept of each constituent element of the present invention will be described. (Collimation device) The collimation device may be a telescope or a frame itself without using an optical member. In the case of a telescope, a telescope having an optical axis parallel to the light-transmitting optical axis and the light-receiving optical axis for lightwave distance measurement can be used (corresponding to claim 2).

(First Rotating Means, Second Rotating Means) The first rotating means and the second rotating means may be actuators that operate by electromagnetic force, magnetic force, or air pressure. When using an actuator that operates with electromagnetic force, use a servo motor,
The motor can be a step motor, a pulse motor, or the like.

(First axis, second axis) The first axis is
When the base and the intermediate member are vertically stacked, the shaft can be oriented in the vertical direction (corresponding to claim 3). Further, the first axis and the second axis are oriented in directions orthogonal to each other, but the term “orthogonal” is a concept including a twist position. That is, when collimating with the collimation device, the directions of movement of the visual fields due to the rotation of the respective axes may be orthogonal to each other.

(Two-dimensional direction instruction input means) The two-dimensional direction instruction input means may be a pointing device for inputting a two-dimensional motion direction and motion amount (corresponding to claim 4). As the pointing device, a mouse, a joystick, a tablet (digitizing pad), or the like may be used in addition to the trackball (corresponding to claim 5). The two-dimensional direction indicating means may be built in the main body of the total station, or may be configured as an external device connected to the total station by wire or wirelessly.

(Decomposing means) The two orthogonal components decomposed by the decomposing means may be configured to correspond to the first axis and the second axis, respectively (corresponding to claim 6). ).

[0014]

First Embodiment A first embodiment of the present invention will be described below with reference to the drawings. <Outline of Total Station> FIG. 1 is a front view showing the appearance of the total station. As is clear from FIG. 1, the total stations are roughly divided into
It includes a collimation telescope unit 1, a main body unit 2, a base unit 3, and a leveling block 4.

The main body 2 as an intermediate member has a substantially U-shaped outer shape when viewed from the front, and a two-dimensional position information input unit 5 is detachably attached to the front. The collimation telescope unit 1 includes a collimation telescope as a collimation device, and
It integrally has a light transmitting device and a light receiving device for performing light wave distance measurement. FIG. 1 shows a state in which the eyepiece lens 1a of the collimating telescope faces forward. Further, the collimating telescope unit 1 is pivotally supported by the shaft 6 in the U-shaped recess 2a of the main body unit 2 and is rotatable in a plane standing up and down along the vertical direction of the paper surface.

A disk-shaped transparent scale 7a is fixed to one end of the shaft 6 and is rotatable within the main body 2. On the other hand, in the main body 2, the transparent scale 7a
A detection device 7b for reading the pattern drawn above is fixed. The transparent scale 7a and the detection device 7b constitute a vertical encoder 7, and the collimation telescope unit 1
The relative angle between the body 2 and the main body 2 is detected.

Further, in the main body 2, there is fixedly installed an altitude angle rotation drive unit 8 as a first rotating means for adjusting the altitude angle of the collimating telescope unit 1 by rotating a shaft 6 as a second shaft. Has been done. The altitude angle drive unit 8 includes a pulse motor and a reduction gear train for rotating the shaft 6. A friction clutch (not shown) is interposed between the pulse motor and the shaft 6. Therefore, it is possible to forcibly rotate the collimating telescope unit 1 by grasping it by hand.

The base 3 has a cylindrical shape.
The base portion 3 is axially supported by the bottom surface 2b of the main body portion 2 by a shaft 9 oriented in a direction orthogonal to the direction of the shaft 6, and is rotatable in a plane standing along the left-right direction of the paper surface.

A horizontal angle rotation drive unit 10 is fixedly installed in the base unit 3 as a second rotating means for adjusting the horizontal angle of the main body unit 2 by rotating a shaft 9 as a first shaft. . The horizontal angle drive unit 10 includes a pulse motor and a reduction gear train for rotating the shaft 9. A friction clutch (not shown) is interposed between the pulse motor and the shaft 9. Therefore, it is possible to grab the main body 2 by hand and forcibly rotate it.

A disc-shaped scale 11a is provided on the upper surface of the base portion 3. On the other hand, a detection device 11b for reading the pattern drawn on the scale 11a is fixedly installed in the main body 2. The scale 11a and the detection device 11 constitute the horizontal encoder 11, and the relative angle between the base 3 and the main body 2 is detected.

With the above mechanical construction, the collimation telescope unit 1
Can face any direction with respect to the base part 3 fixed to the ground. The direction of the collimation telescope at this time is the vertical encoder 7 and the horizontal encoder 11.
Measured by

The leveling block 4 has a cylindrical shape coaxial with the base 3. The leveling block 4 includes a base 3
Leveling screws (not shown) for adjusting the interval between the and are provided at three points at equal angular intervals in the circumferential direction. Therefore, the leveling block 4 and the base part 3 can be relatively tilted in all directions. That is, the leveling block 4
No matter what direction the lens tilts, the horizontal planes of rotation of the main body 2 and the collimating telescope unit 1 can be kept horizontal.

Further, the two-dimensional position information input section 5 as a two-dimensional direction indicating means has a trackball 5 which is rotated.
This is a pointing device that inputs two-dimensional position information (two-dimensional direction instruction) as one rotation direction and one rotation amount. 2 input by the two-dimensional position information input unit 5
The altitude angle rotation drive unit 8 and the horizontal angle rotation drive unit 10 are driven based on the dimensional position information, and the collimation telescope unit 1 is adjusted (rotated) in all directions. The relationship between the rotation direction of the trackball 51 in the two-dimensional position information input unit 5 and the adjustment (rotation) direction of the collimation telescope unit 1 is as follows.

That is, when the trackball 51 is rotated from the front side to the back side in FIG. 1, the shaft 6 is rotationally driven by the altitude angle rotation drive unit 8 so that the objective side of the collimation telescope unit 1 faces downward. . On the contrary, the trackball 51 is shown in FIG.
When it is rotated from the back side to the front side of the shaft, the shaft 6 is rotationally driven by the altitude angle rotation drive unit 8 so that the objective side of the collimating telescope unit 1 faces upward. Also, trackball 51
1 is rotated from the right side to the left side in FIG. 1, the shaft 9 is rotationally driven by the horizontal angle rotation drive unit 10 so that the objective side of the collimating telescope unit 1 faces left. On the contrary, when the trackball 51 is rotated from the left side to the right side in FIG.
The axis 9 is rotationally driven by the horizontal angle rotary drive unit 10 so that the objective side of the collimating telescope unit 1 faces right.

When the trackball 51 is rotated diagonally, the direction of rotation is vector-divided into a component in the front-rear direction (a component rotating from the front side to the inner side or vice versa) and a component in the left-right direction, and the respective directions are divided. According to the amount of rotation of the component,
The altitude angle rotation drive unit 8 and the horizontal angle rotation drive unit 10 drive the rotation of each axis. As a result, the collimating telescope unit 1 is adjusted (rotated) in an oblique direction.

The internal structure of the two-dimensional position information input section 5 is shown in the block diagram of FIG. The vertical pulse counting unit 52 in FIG. 2 is an encoder that generates a pulse according to a front-back rotation component of the trackball 51 that rotates in an arbitrary direction. That is, the vertical pulse counting section 52 generates a predetermined number of pulses indicating this direction according to the amount of rotation and the direction of rotation in the front-back direction component.

Similarly, the horizontal pulse counting section 53
Is an encoder that generates a pulse according to a horizontal rotation component of the trackball 51 that rotates in an arbitrary direction. That is, the horizontal pulse counting section 53 generates a predetermined number of pulses indicating this direction according to the amount of rotation and the direction of rotation in the horizontal component.

The vertical pulse counting section 52 and the horizontal pulse counting section 53 are provided in the trackball 51.
The rotation of is converted into a pulse as each directional component, and thus functions as a decomposing unit.

The movement amount calculator communication unit 54 which receives the pulses from the vertical pulse count unit 52 and the horizontal pulse count unit 53 converts the received pulse into a predetermined format, and the cable 55 (see FIG. 1). It is a circuit for transmitting to the arithmetic processing section in the main body section 2 through.

The two-dimensional position information input section 5 and the main body section 2
Since it is connected by a cable 55 between
It is possible to use the dimensional position information input section 5 by removing it from the main body section 2. <Internal circuit of total station> Next, for receiving the two-dimensional position information (two-dimensional direction indication) from the two-dimensional position information input unit 5 and controlling the altitude angle rotation drive unit 8 and the horizontal angle rotation drive unit 10. The configuration of the circuit will be described based on the block diagram of FIG.

2 transmitted from the two-dimensional position information input unit 5
The dimensional input information is one-dimensional pulses (a pulse indicating a longitudinal rotation component generated in the vertical pulse counting unit 52, a horizontal rotation component generated in the horizontal pulse counting unit 53) in the dividing unit 12. Pulse)
And are input to the arithmetic processing unit 13, respectively.

The arithmetic processing unit 13 as the control means is a treatment device for controlling the entire total station, and calculates a distance measurement value based on the lightwave distance measurement, data from the vertical encoder 7 and data from the horizontal encoder 11. Calculation of angle measurement values based on the above, data processing for these distance measurement values and angle measurement values, etc. are executed. The arithmetic processing unit 13 also
The drive amounts and drive directions of the pulse motors in the drive units 8 and 10 are calculated according to the number of pulses of each dimension input by the dividing unit 12 and the directions indicated by the pulses, and the drive amounts and drive directions are determined according to the drive amounts and drive directions. The drive pulse is applied to each of these drive units 8 and 1.
Send to 0. <Drive Control Process> FIG. 4 is a flowchart showing the contents of the process executed by the arithmetic processing unit 13 shown in FIG. 3 to drive the pulse motors in the drive units 8 and 10.

This flow chart starts when the total station is turned on. Then, in the first S01, it is checked whether or not the trackball 51 has rotated. This check is performed by detecting whether or not a pulse indicating any rotation direction component is input from the dividing unit 12. This check is repeated when the trackball 51 is not rotating at all, that is, when a pulse indicating any rotation direction component is not input.

On the other hand, when the trackball 51 rotates, that is, when a pulse indicating any rotational direction component is input, the horizontal direction and / or the vertical direction are calculated from the rotation amount of the trackball in S02. Calculate the amount of rotation in the direction. That is, the drive amount (vertical rotation amount) of the pulse motor in the altitude angle rotation drive unit 8 is calculated by multiplying the number of received pulses indicating the front-back direction component by the first constant. This drive amount is given a positive or negative polarity depending on the direction of rotation indicated by the pulse. Also, by multiplying the number of received pulses indicating the left-right direction component by the second constant,
The drive amount (horizontal rotation amount) of the pulse motor in the horizontal angle rotation drive unit 10 is calculated. This drive amount is also given a positive or negative polarity depending on the direction of rotation indicated by the pulse. The first constant and the second constant can be changed on condition that the ratio between them is maintained. This makes it possible to change the response of the adjustment (rotation) of the collimation telescope 1 to the rotation of the trackball 51.

At the next step S03, rotation in the horizontal direction and / or the vertical direction is performed based on the rotation amount calculated in step S02. That is, a drive pulse corresponding to the vertical rotation amount calculated in S02 is generated and output to the altitude angle rotation drive unit 8. At the same time, a drive pulse corresponding to the horizontal rotation amount is generated and output to the horizontal angle rotation drive unit 10. After executing this step, the process is returned to S01, and this time S0
2 The processing is performed on the input pulse after execution. <Operation of Embodiment> The procedure of the collimation operation of the total station of the present embodiment having the above-described structure will be described with reference to the flowchart of FIG. As a premise to start this collimation operation, the operator can perform the leveling by the leveling block 4 in advance and adjust the diopter of the collimation telescope and adjust the focus so that the target (corner cube) can be clearly seen. Shall be kept.

After powering on the total station, the operator manually rotates the main body 2 with respect to the base 3 and the collimation telescope 1 with respect to the main body 2 to collimate the collimation. The target (corner cube) is captured within the visual field of the collimating telescope by appropriately adjusting the direction of the telescope unit 1 (S11).

When the target (corner cube) is captured within the field of view, the worker rotates the trackball 51. That is, when the target (corner cube) is seen above the center of the field of view, the trackball 51 is rotated from the back side to the front side, when it is seen below, it is rotated from the front side to the back side, and when it is viewed on the right side, it is rotated from the left side to the right side. Let
Rotate from right to left when you can see on the left. Also,
When the target (corner cube) appears in a position that is skewed in the field of view, the trackball 51 is rotated in the diagonal direction according to this position. That is, when it looks diagonally right above, the trackball 51 is rotated from the left back side toward the front right side, and when it looks diagonally above left, the trackball 51 is rotated from the back right side toward the front left side. Let
When it is seen diagonally below left, the trackball 51 is rotated from the front right side toward the back left side, and when it is seen diagonally below right, the trackball 51 is rotated from the front left side toward the back right side. Then, the altitude angle rotation drive unit 8 and the horizontal angle rotation drive unit 10 are appropriately driven according to this rotation direction, and the direction of the collimation telescope unit 1 approaches the target (corner cube) direction. The operator uses this trackball 5
Rotation work 1 is performed until the center of the visual field of the collimating telescope overlaps the target (corner cube) (S12).

When the trackball 51 is rotated too much and the target (corner cube) exceeds the center of the visual field, the trackball 51 is rotated in the opposite direction. Then, this change in orientation is detected, the altitude angle rotation drive unit 8 and the horizontal angle rotation drive unit 10 are driven in opposite directions, and the collimating telescope unit 1 returns to the original direction.

As a result of the above work, when the center of the visual field of the collimation telescope overlaps the target (corner cube), this collimation operation is completed. As described above, according to the present embodiment, even when the collimation telescope is finely adjusted in the oblique direction,
An instruction to adjust (rotate) the collimating telescope in an oblique direction can be input by the two-dimensional position information input unit 5 with only one movement. Then, the input instruction content is automatically decomposed into a horizontal direction component and a vertical direction component, and the axes 6 and 9 are rotationally driven according to the decomposed direction components. Therefore,
The operator can perform the collimation fine adjustment work with one finger of one hand.

[0040]

According to the total station of the present invention constructed as described above, the collimation device can be rotated in an oblique direction only by operating the two-dimensional direction instruction input means in one direction. Therefore, the collimation work of the total station can be completed in a short time.

[Brief description of drawings]

FIG. 1 is a front view showing the appearance of a total station according to a first embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 2 is a block diagram showing an internal circuit of a two-dimensional position information input unit shown in FIG.

FIG. 3 is a block diagram showing an internal circuit of the total station.

FIG. 4 is a flowchart showing a collimation control process executed by the arithmetic processing unit of FIG.

FIG. 5 is a flowchart showing a procedure of collimation work according to the present embodiment.

[Explanation of symbols]

1 Collimation telescope section 2 body 3 base part 5 Two-dimensional position information input section 6 axes 8 Altitude angle rotation drive 9 axes 10 Horizontal angle rotation drive 13 Arithmetic processing section 51 trackball 52 Vertical pulse counting section 53 Horizontal pulse counting section

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Claims (6)

(57) [Claims] 1. A total station having a collimating device which can tilt in any direction with respect to a base , and is rotatably supported with respect to the base via a first shaft.
And a second direction that is orthogonal to the first axis.
An intermediate member, the intermediate member relative to said base to said first axis of times through the axis for rotatably supporting the collimation device
A first rotating unit that is rotationally driven, and a first rotating unit that is interposed between the intermediate member and the first rotating unit.
A first friction clutch, the collimation device relative to said intermediate member to said second axis
A second rotating means for rotating and driving a first rotating means, and a second rotating means interposed between the collimating device and the second rotating means.
And second friction clutch, wherein attached to the intermediate member, and the two-dimensional direction instruction input means for inputting a two-dimensional direction and the operation amount <br/>, operation amount input by the two-dimensional direction instruction input means
Is decomposed into orthogonal two-direction components respectively corresponding to the two-dimensional directions, and the first rotating device and the second rotating device are controlled in accordance with the two-direction components decomposed by the decomposition device. A total station, which is provided with a control means for controlling. 2. The total station according to claim 1, wherein the collimation device is a telescope having an optical axis parallel to a light-transmitting optical axis and a light-receiving optical axis for measuring a light wave. 3. The total station according to claim 1, wherein the first shaft is a shaft that faces a vertical direction when the base and the intermediate member are vertically stacked. 4. The total station according to claim 1, wherein the two-dimensional direction instruction input means is a pointing device for inputting a two-dimensional movement direction and movement amount. 5. The total station according to claim 1, wherein the two-dimensional direction input means is a trackball. 6. The total station according to claim 1, wherein the two orthogonal components correspond to the first axis and the second axis, respectively.