JP3482640B2 - Detoxifying and stabilizing shredder dust - Google Patents

Description

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION [0001] [Technical Field of the Invention The present invention is, automobiles and home appliances, or the shredder dust and waste raw materials such as various types of office equipment, how to solidify in a stable and harmless, related to <br/> to. 2. Description of the Related Art In general, waste automobiles, household electrical appliances, office waste equipment, and the like are obtained by removing parts to be recycled for raw materials and crushing the residue by a shredder.
It is so-called shredder dust. [0003] Such shredder dust usually contains various materials such as various plastics, iron, various non-ferrous metals, and wood-based materials, and most of them contain harmful substances such as heavy metals. . Therefore, such shredder dust belongs to so-called managed waste among industrial waste, and it is necessary to dispose it in a designated place by landfill or incineration. Yes, it is necessary to reclaim ash generated by incineration at the designated location as managed waste. [0004] Among the above-mentioned conventional methods for disposing of shredder dust, the former landfill disposal has recently become more difficult to locate at the disposal site. In the case of the latter incineration, the difficulty of locating the disposal site is becoming extremely remarkable due to the problem of air pollution and the like. [0005] The present invention has been made in view of such circumstances, and is intended to easily detoxify and stably solidify shredder dust containing harmful substances, which is made from waste materials such as automobiles, home electric appliances, and office equipment. , it has been the object of the present invention to provide a way which may be a so-called No. 13 waste ( "waste disposal and Public Cleansing Law" enforcement Ordinance of industrial wastes of Article 2, Paragraph 13). [0006] In order to achieve the above-mentioned object, a method for detoxifying and stabilizing shredder dust according to the present invention uses a component to be recycled from waste such as automobiles, home electric appliances, and office equipment. Is a method for stabilizing and solidifying shredder dust obtained by crushing the residue containing harmful substances after removing the shredder dust, wherein the shredder dust is 8 mm.
The following cement composition A is used in an amount of 8.5 parts by weight or more based on 100 parts by weight of the finely divided dust after re-crushing to a size that passes through a sieve and substantially removing metal components by magnetic sorting and / or specific gravity sorting. And kneaded with water, and then poured into a mold to solidify. Cement composition A; in a total of 100 parts by weight,
87 to 70 parts by weight of Portland cement, 1 to 5 parts by weight of lignin sulfonate, 1 to 5 parts by weight of at least one of alkali metal bicarbonate and alkaline earth metal salt, alkali metal salt of stearic acid and alkaline earth A composition comprising 1 to 5 parts by weight of at least one kind of metal salt and 10 to 25 parts by weight of dehydrated stone. [0008] The present invention provides a cement composition developed by the applicant's many years of research, ie, less water absorption after solidification and higher strength than a solidified product using ordinary cements. It has been made as a result of earnestly studying the application of a cement composition having excellent weather resistance. That is, when the cement composition (corresponding to the cement composition A) used in the “wood aggregate-containing mortar composition” of Japanese Patent No. 1585869 is applied to the solidification of shredder dust containing harmful substances, it is harmful. The elution of the substance can be suppressed, the substance can be detoxified and solidified stably, and the obtained solidified substance is referred to as the “Waste Disposal and Public Cleansing Law”.
Not only does it fall under the category of industrial waste stipulated in Article 2-13 of the Enforcement Order, but also by solidifying using an appropriate formwork,
For example, it has been confirmed that it can be recycled as a material for civil engineering including U-shaped grooves, interlocking, road sound insulation boards, curbs, concrete blocks, railway sleepers, and the like. In the present invention, first, a so-called shredder dust obtained by crushing a residue obtained by removing a part to be recycled from raw materials from an automobile, a home electric appliance, or office equipment, is first re-crushed to pass through a 8 mm sieve. Ferrous and non-ferrous metals are substantially removed by crushed dust and magnetic sorting and / or specific gravity sorting. The finely crushed dust obtained in this way will be in a state where harmful substances such as heavy metals have been almost removed from the original shredder dust, but will not be completely removed. Has not escaped. This finely crushed dust 100
The cement composition A is mixed in a ratio of 8.5 parts by weight or more with respect to parts by weight, an appropriate amount of water is further added, kneaded, poured into a mold, and solidified. When subjected to a dissolution test according to Notification No. 13 of the Environment Agency in 1948, it was confirmed that all the standard values were cleared. In the present invention, the size of the finely crushed dust obtained by re-crushing must be a size that passes through an 8 mm sieve, and if it exceeds this size, the affinity for the cement composition A or B is increased. Or, the dispersibility or kneadability is reduced, and it is difficult to obtain an intended solid. Note that the lower limit of the size of the finely crushed dust is not particularly limited. However, the size of the finely crushed dust is about the size that passes through an 8 mm sieve, more specifically, the size that passes through an 8 mm sieve and does not pass through a 6 mm sieve. It has been confirmed for the first time by the inventors of the present invention that metal components contained in dust and discarded as they are can be separated and recovered very efficiently. In particular, when shredder dust containing a relatively large number of electrical components is targeted, a large amount of metal components such as copper and aluminum that have been conventionally discarded can be efficiently recovered. Further, in the present invention, the cement composition
The mixing ratio of A is 8. with respect to 100 parts by weight of the finely divided dust.
5 parts by weight or more, more preferably 10 parts by weight or more.
When the proportion of the cement composition A is less than 8.5 parts by weight,
Either the finely crushed dust cannot be effectively bound, or even if it can be bound, the effect of suppressing the elution of toxic substances decreases, which is not preferable. The upper limit of the mixing ratio of the cement composition A is not particularly limited, but the higher the ratio, the higher the cost required for treating a certain amount of shredder dust. Therefore, it is realistic to set the mixing ratio to at most 30 parts by weight or less. . In the present invention, the proportion of water to be added to the mixture of the finely divided dust and the cement composition A to form a mortar or a fresh concrete is not particularly limited.
By mixing the 0.4 times to 4 times the weight of water against the A, relatively short setting time, preferable strength after solidification can be made large. In the present invention, a mortar-like substance mainly composed of finely divided dust and a cement composition is poured into a mold and solidified to obtain a detoxified solidified substance having a predetermined shape. However, the shape of the solidified product is not particularly limited, and the solidified product obtained by the present invention may be any of the solidified products obtained by the above-mentioned "industrial waste treatment prescribed in Article 2-13 of the Ordinance for Enforcement of the Law Concerning Treatment and Cleaning of Waste. In addition to processing as things, such as U-shaped grooves, interlocking, road sound insulation boards, curbs, concrete blocks, backfill gravel, foundation stones, underground waterproofing system boards, highway foundation concrete boards, railway sleepers, etc. Recyclable materials, gardening materials such as planters, park benches, flower pots, garden stones, etc., or house building materials such as wall materials and board materials. Here, in the present invention, in the case of reusing as various materials as described above, depending on the required strength of the re-used product, etc. Therefore, it does not refuse to add a material which is generally effective as fine aggregate, such as sand, soil, etc., based on the finely divided dust and the cement composition A. In that case, the cement composition A
Is a combination of finely divided dust and fine aggregate such as sand 100
Mix at a ratio of 8.5 parts by weight or more to parts by weight. Preferred embodiments of the present invention will be described below with reference to the drawings. FIG. 1 and FIG.
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram showing the overall configuration of an embodiment of a processing apparatus to which the method of the present invention is applied. FIG. 1 shows the first half of the process, and FIG. Shredder dust is
First, it is transferred to the step shown in FIG. 2 after the process shown in FIG. Each device shown in FIGS. 1 and 2 is mainly driven and controlled by an arithmetic control unit 100 (see FIG. 2) mainly including a central processing unit. [0017] After removing valuables and the like to be used for material recycling and the like from automobiles, home electric appliances, office equipment, and vending machines and the like, they are crushed by a shredder (not shown), and are then subjected to magnetic sorting. The shredder dust from which iron-based debris has been removed by a not-shown is put into the dump hopper 1 of FIG. First, the shredder dust in the dump hopper 1 is sequentially supplied to the crusher 3 by the supply device 2 and re-crushed to a size that can pass through an 8 mm sieve, and then passed through the screw conveyor 4 and the conveyor 5 and then the specific gravity separator 6. And the remaining iron-based fine particles and non-ferrous-based fine particles containing heavy metals are introduced into the cyclone 7 as finely-divided dust. In addition,
Shredder dust that does not require specific gravity sorting by the specific gravity sorter 6 is directly introduced into the conveyor 11 by the conveyor 8 after the re-crushing step by the crusher 3. Further, the crusher 3 and the cyclone 7 are collected by a dust collecting mechanism having a blower 9 and a duct 10, and the dust is collected in a scrubber (wet dust collector) 9a. The finely crushed dust in the cyclone 7 is then transferred by the conveyor 11 via the shifter 12 to the dust tank 13 or 14 in FIG. The dust tanks 13 and 14 are provided with rotary valves 13a and 14b at outlets at the lower ends thereof, and the finely crushed dust in each of the dust tanks 13 and 14 is supplied to the screw conveyor 15 via the rotary valves 13a and 14a. , 16
According to the set weight at predetermined intervals
7, and as shown below, the cement composition A
It is mixed with. Here, the constant weight supply of the crushed dust is performed by controlling the rotary valves 13a and 14a and the screw conveyors 15 and 16 based on a change in the output of the load cell 18 provided in the mixer 17. That is, the mixer 17 comprises a load cell 18
, So that a change in the weight of the contents is a change in the output of the load cell 18. The arithmetic and control unit 100 takes in the output of the load cell 18 every moment, starts driving the rotary valves 13a and 14a and the screw conveyors 15 and 16, and then loads the load cell 1
When the output of No. 8 increases by the set weight, these drives are stopped. Normal commercially available cement such as Portland cement is housed in a cement silo 19 and
Ingredients excluding cement of the cement composition A described above is accommodated in <br/> additive silo 20, cement silo 19
The cement and the additive in the additive silo 20 are supplied to the stirrer 23 through the duct 22 at a predetermined weight ratio and agitated as shown below, thereby stirring the cement composition A. to become. The cement silo 19 is provided with a rotary valve 19a at an outlet at a lower end, while the additive silo 20 is provided with a screw conveyor 20a at an outlet at a lower end, and the whole thereof is a load cell. 21 and is configured to be able to measure the weight change of the contents. Rotary valve 19 of cement silo 19
a and screw conveyor 20a for additive silo 20
Are respectively opened toward the duct 22, and only when the rotary valve 19a is opened or the screw conveyor 20a is driven, the cement or the additive enters the stirrer 23 through the duct 22. It is configured to be thrown. The stirrer 23 includes a charging lid that is opened when the contents are charged, and a discharge lid (both not shown) for discharging the contents after stirring, and the whole is supported by the load cell 24. The load cell 24 has a structure so that the weight of the contents in the stirrer 23 can be measured.
The contents in the stirrer 23 are put into the hopper 26 via the shooter 25 by opening the discharge lid. The arithmetic and control unit 100 controls the driving of the rotary valve 19a while taking in the output of the load cell 24, thereby feeding a set weight of cement into the stirrer 23. After the introduction, the screw conveyor 20a is driven and controlled while taking in the output of the load cell 21, whereby the set weight of the additive is introduced into the stirrer 23. Thus, the cement and the additive are charged into the stirrer 23 at a predetermined weight ratio. The stirrer 23 closes the charging lid after charging the cement and the additive, stirs the mixture for a set time to obtain the cement composition A , opens the discharging lid, and sets the hopper 2 through the shooter 25.
Put in 6. The mixture of the cement and the additive in the hopper 26, that is, the cement composition A, is fed into the mixer 17 by the screw conveyor 27. In addition, the water stored in the notch type water tank 29 is supplied into the mixer 17 by a set weight by driving the pump 28. This constant weight supply of water is performed by the arithmetic and control unit 100 based on a change in output of the load cell 18 supporting the mixer 17 in a state where only water is supplied, similarly to the above-described constant weight supply of finely crushed dust. This is performed by controlling the drive of the drive signal. The arithmetic and control unit 100 calculates the weight of the fine dust to be supplied to the mixer 17 at one time, the weight of the cement composition A, and the composition thereof based on the data input before the operation of the processing apparatus. By automatically calculating and setting the weight of a certain cement and additives, and the weight of water, that is, the set weight of each component to be supplied to the mixer 17 at a constant weight, 17
The material to be mixed in the volume product in accordance with the capacitance is supplied to. That is, before operating the apparatus, the specific gravity gd of the finely divided dust was measured, and the measurement results, the blending part α of the cement composition A with respect to 100 parts by weight of the finely divided dust, and the cement composition The weight ratio β of water to A or B, and further, the compounding weight part γ of the additive with respect to 100 weight parts of cement in the cement composition A or B are input to the arithmetic and control unit 100. The arithmetic and control unit 100, these total volume, is defective upon kneading by a mixer 17
The mixer 17 is adjusted so that the volume V of the material to be kneaded does not occur.
Weight Wd of the fine grinding dust to be supplied at a time, the weight Wc of the cement composition A, the weight of the water Ww, and the cement weight Wc ₁ and additive weight Wc ₂ to obtain a cement composition A weight Wc calculate. This calculation is performed, for example, by the following equations (1) to (1).
By solving the simultaneous equations consisting of the three equations (3), the three variables Wd, Wc and Ww are calculated, and by solving the simultaneous equations consisting of the two equations (4) and (5), This can be performed by obtaining _two variables Wc ₁ and Wc ₂ . In the following formula, gc is the specific gravity (known) of the cement composition A, and gw is the specific gravity of water (known). Wd / gd + Wc / gc + Ww / gw = V
(1) Wc = αWd (2) Ww = βWc (3) Wc ₁ + Wc ₂ = Wc (4) Wc ₂ = γWc ₂ (5) By calculating and setting the weight of each component to be supplied to the mixer 17 by the above calculation,
The mixer 17 performs a kneading operation for a separately set time in a state in which a kneaded material having an appropriate volume with little or no excess is stored. The mortar containing the finely crushed dust kneaded and mixed as described above as an aggregate is selected from either the mortar pump 30a or the screw conveyor 30b via the hopper 30 with the agitator having the mortar pump 30a and the screw conveyor 30b. By driving the object, the material is injected into the mold 33 supplied onto the conveyor 32 from the hose 31 or the discharge port of the screw conveyor 30b, and is solidified. The processing apparatus according to the embodiment of the present invention is used.
The shredder dust was actually treated , and the solidified product obtained as an example was subjected to a dissolution test according to the Environment Agency Notification No. 13 of 1973 . [0031] As a result, the shredder dust including various harmful substances, by solidifying the present invention apparatus, the dissolution test by 1973 years Environment Agency Notification No. 13, was confirmed to clear all criteria Was. [0032] and may, solidified product using cement composition A is different from the solidified product which solidified using only conventional commercial cement, including Portland cement, increased strength, reduced water absorption In addition to a significant increase in weather resistance, a tendency for the hydration reaction to continue over a long period of time was observed, and an increase in hardness due to aging was also confirmed. It has also been found that the strength is maintained at a high level, and the degree of elution from the sealed material hardly changes from the initial state. As described above, according to the present invention, the shredder dust containing the harmful substance obtained by removing the recyclable parts from the wastes such as automobiles and home electric appliances and the like and crushing the residue is converted into the harmful component. It is possible to obtain a solidified product in which the dissolution of water is suppressed and not only can be treated as a so-called No. 13 waste, but also can be reused as an aggregate of various civil engineering materials. This means that conventional shredder dust disposal methods include landfill disposal at designated waste as a managed waste, and incineration of the resulting ash at a location also designated as a managed waste. Compared to landfill methods, it does not use fossil fuels at all, suppresses CO ₂ emissions, and gives the environment such as the ability to recover more metals and the like from shredder dust that had previously been discarded. The effect will be extremely large if the adverse effects are eliminated and the location of landfills and incineration sites is difficult. According to the present invention, since the solidified material can be reused as various civil engineering materials, it is expected as a means for greatly improving the recycling rate of automobiles and home electric appliances.

Of embodiment BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS [Figure 1] processing apparatus of the present invention method is applied, is a schematic diagram showing a structure relating to the first half of the process. [2] Among the embodiments of the processing device according to the present invention method is a schematic diagram showing a structure relating to the second half of the process. [Description of Signs] 3 Biaxial crusher 6 Specific gravity separator 7 Cyclone 9 Blower 9a Scrubber 13, 14 Dust tank 13a, 14a Rotary valve 17 Mixer 18 Load cell 19 Cement silo 19a Rotary valve 20 Additive silo 20a Screw conveyor 21 Load cell 23 Stirrer 24 Load cell 26 Hopper 28 Pump 29 Notch type water tank 30 Hopper 30a with agitator Mortar pump 30b Screw conveyor 31 Hose 32 Conveyor 33 Formwork 100 Calculation control unit

──────────────────────────────────────────────────続 き Continuation of front page (51) Int.Cl. ⁷ Identification symbol FI // C04B 28/04 B09B 3/00 Z (56) References JP-A-9-314095 (JP, A) JP-A-10- 25476 (JP, A) JP-A-11-123377 (JP, A) (58) Fields investigated (Int. Cl. ⁷ , DB name) B09B 3/00-5/00

Claims (1)

(57) [Claims] [Claim 1] Shredder dust obtained by crushing residues containing harmful substances after removing parts to be recycled from wastes such as automobiles, home electric appliances, office equipment, etc. A method of detoxifying and stabilizing solidified particles, wherein the shredder dust is re-crushed to a size that passes through an 8 mm sieve, and 100 parts by weight of finely divided dust after removing metal components by magnetic sorting and / or specific gravity sorting. On the other hand, the following cement composition A is mixed in a ratio of 8.5 parts by weight or more, and after adding water and kneading, the mixture is poured into a mold and solidified, whereby harmless shredder dust is not harmful. Stabilization solidification method. Cement composition A: 87 to 70 parts by weight of Portland cement, lignin sulfonate 1 to 100 parts by weight in total
5 parts by weight, 1 to 5 parts by weight of at least one of alkali metal bicarbonate and alkaline earth metal salt, 1 to 5 parts by weight of at least one of alkali metal stearate and alkaline earth metal salt, And, slaked stone 10-25
A composition consisting of parts by weight.