JP3473104B2 - Slope drainage method - Google Patents

Description

Description: BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION The present invention relates to a slope drainage method effective for landslide prevention. More specifically, the drainage pipe does not require drilling and slitting, and is light and easy to apply on slopes, and is resistant to pressure even when used for a long period of time on slopes where partial landslides, partial collapse, and uneven settlement tend to occur. The present invention relates to a drainage method that is excellent, does not crack, does not cause sediment inflow, has a large drainage drainage effect, and is effective in preventing landslides where clogging is unlikely. The conventional countermeasures against landslides on slopes are how to collect and drain water in the slope soil as quickly as possible. For this reason, the drainage pipe collects and drains water on the slopes. Many methods are used. As the conventional collecting and draining pipe used here, a pipe made of a porous vinyl chloride resin, a slit steel pipe, or the like, which is easily available at a low cost, is used. However, when used on a slope where a landslide slope is apt to collapse and the ground is unevenly settled, a large force is applied to the drainage pipe, and the drainage pipe is greatly deformed. Occasionally cracks and sediment flow in, thus reducing the drainage effect and even not draining at all. In addition, since the conventional drainage pipe has a drainage port for drilling and slitting in the pipe, sediment flows in from the drainage port, which causes clogging of the drainage pipe, reducing the drainage effect. Furthermore, it does not drain at all. For this reason, we sometimes remove the earth and sand from the drainage pipe,
Although the drainage effect has been restored, it is not easy. When the drainage effect of such a drainage pipe is lost, a slope containing a large amount of water landslides, causing the slope to collapse and causing a serious accident. The present invention can be used for a long time on a slope, even if a large force is applied to the collection / drainage pipe, without being damaged, without being damaged even at a high earth pressure, there is no inflow of earth and sand from the damaged portion, and there is no clogging. Another object of the present invention is to provide a new drainage method that has a good drainage effect and does not cause a major accident due to landslide or slope failure. Means for Solving the Problems The present inventors have conducted intensive studies in order to achieve the above object, and as a result, in a method of draining water in slope soil with a buried drainage pipe, The collection / drainage pipe includes a heat-adhesive fiber having a fineness of 1 to 1000 d / f, a yarn strength of 1 g / d or more after heating at a temperature at which self-bonding is performed by heat fusion, and a yarn elongation of 30% or more, The above drainage method using a water- permeable fiber-bonded molded article which is heat-fused, has a porosity of 60 to 90%, a compressive strength of 30 kg / 10 cm or more, and does not crack when the deformation rate is 60%. It is. [0014] The drainage pipe of the present invention is a fiber-bonded molded body maintaining water permeability, and may be a tubular fiber-bonded fiber, and may be buried in slope soil to provide rainwater in soil. Collect the water immediately and drain the collected rainwater.
The collection / drainage pipe of the present invention may have any shape as long as it has a tubular shape in which fibers are joined, and its cross section is not limited to a shape such as a circle, a corner, and an ellipse. It is preferable because it can withstand the slope earth pressure where partial collapse and differential settlement easily occur. Fiber joints include polypropylene, nylon,
Synthetic fibers such as polyester, cotton, hemp, natural fibers such as wool, cellulose-based artificial fibers, but not identifying the material, polyolefin composed mainly of polypropylene is preferred. It is specified to use such a fiber-collected drainage pipe. The fiber bonding method may be adhesive bonding or self-heat fusion, but the object of the present invention is not achieved without water permeability. The collection / drainage pipe of the present invention is a fibrous joined body having water permeability, so it does not require drilling and slitting of the collection / drainage pipe, it is light, easy to construct slopes, and subjected to landslide, collapse, and uneven settlement stress. Even if it is used for a long time on a slope, it has excellent pressure resistance, does not crack, has no sediment inflow, has a large drainage and drainage effect, and is unlikely to be clogged. [0015] The collection / drainage pipe used in the present invention has a yarn strength of 1 g / d or more and a yarn elongation of 3 g after being heated at the bonding temperature.
0% or more, containing a heat-adhesive fiber, heat-sealed, having a porosity of 60 to 90%, and a compressive strength of 30 kg /
A drainage pipe that does not crack when the deformation rate is 10 cm or more and the deformation rate is 60% is preferable. The drainage method of the present invention may be a method in which a drainage pipe of a fiber-bonded molded body is directly buried in the slope and drained, and a drainage well perpendicular to the slope is dug and collected in the drainage well. It is also possible to bury the drainage pipes of the fiber-bonded molded bodies radially and drain them. Instead, bury the drainage pipes of two or three fiber-bonded molded bodies without creating a water-collecting well. A method of draining all at once may be used. In the method using the catchment well, the depth is 5 to 30 m in the vertical direction, and the diameter is 3 to 10.
m, and drilling is performed in a horizontal manner from the well, and a fiber-joined molded body drainage pipe is buried radially at an angle of 3 to 20 degrees so as to gather in this water collection well. Drain the discharged wastewater through a drainpipe. The drainage pipe of the present invention is
It is a collecting and draining pipe of a fiber-joined molded body having a length of 10 to 50 m, an outer diameter of 50 to 300 mm, and a wall thickness of 10 to 60% of the inner diameter. The collection and drainage pipe is inclined at 3 to 30 degrees with respect to the horizontal direction to collect and drain water. Hereinafter, an example of a drainage pipe made of a self-bonding heat-adhesive fiber will be described in detail. The heat-adhesive fiber is a fiber that is heat-sealed when heat-treated at a temperature equal to or higher than the melting point of the component, and may be a composite fiber having different components or a single component fiber composed of a single component. I do. Examples of this component include various polyolefins such as polypropylene and polyethylene, polyester, and nylon resin. Further, the heat-adhesive fiber may be a composite fiber containing a thermoplastic resin having a combination of a low melting point component and a high melting point component, and the composite type may be a sheath-core type or a side-by-side type. This conjugate fiber is made of various polyolefins such as polypropylene and polyethylene or polyester,
Regardless of the combination of low melting point and high melting point of any fiber forming resin such as a combination of low melting point polyester or nylon resin, self-bonding is generated by heat treatment between low melting point and high melting point. Is fine. The melting point difference of this composite fiber is preferably 10 ° C. or more,
When the temperature is at least 20 ° C., processing is easy, and it is more preferable. [0018] fineness, depending on the soil, but is determined by the relationship between the porosity, the hole diameter is small becomes too clogging occurs easily is not preferable in 1d / f or more. Also, 1000
Exceeding d / f is not preferable because the hole diameter of the filter becomes too large and soil inflow occurs. When the fiber strength is less than 1 g / d or the yarn elongation is less than 30%,
When large compression is applied, cracks occur, which is not preferable. Other fibers that are not heat-adhesive fibers may be mixed,
These fibers are fibers that do not self-bond after heat treatment, and may be thermoplastic resin fibers such as polyester fibers, or non-thermoplastic fibers such as cotton and hemp. In addition, the outer diameter of the collection and drainage pipe is usually in the range of 50 to 300 mm from the viewpoint of water flow and ease of handling, but the present invention exceeds the range if it is used for construction. Is also good. The method for producing the drainage pipe of the heat-adhesive fiber is as follows:
A fiber web and a non-woven fabric having a basis weight of 10 to 100 g / m ^{2 and a} width of 2 m or more are formed from the fiber including the heat-adhesive fiber, and the fiber web and the non-woven fabric are heat-treated and wound up to a predetermined outer diameter around a core, and then cooled and solidified. Thereafter, a method of removing the core can be exemplified. The fiber web is a web, a spun bond web, a melt blow web or the like obtained by using a card or other fiber opening machine so that the fiber including the heat-adhesive fiber has a basis weight of 10 to 100 g / m ^{2 and a} width of 2 m or more. As the non-woven fabric, any non-woven fabric such as a dry non-woven fabric by mechanical entanglement such as a thermal bonding method, a binder bonding method, and needle punching or a wet non-woven fabric by papermaking can be used. As a heat treatment method, any method can be used as long as the temperature rises to a temperature equal to or higher than the melting point of the heat-adhesive fiber component by a hot-air circulation method, a hot-air suction method, or a far-infrared irradiation method generally used for a thermal bonding nonwoven fabric. In particular, it is preferable to process with hot air having a temperature of 2 ° C. or more and 50 ° C. or less, which is the melting point of the low melting point component for 1 to 100 sec. The basis weight of the fiber web and non-woven fabric wound around the core is
It is preferably from 10 to 100 g / m ^{2. If} the amount is small, it takes too much time to wind up to a predetermined thickness, and a web or a nonwoven fabric cannot be neatly taken depending on a fiber opening machine. On the other hand, if the amount is too large, it takes too much time for the heat to sufficiently spread to the entire web or the nonwoven fabric, or it is difficult to obtain sufficient adhesive strength because the thermal adhesion is not uniform. The collecting and draining pipe of the present invention is a hollow collecting and draining pipe, and its thickness (T) preferably satisfies the following relation with respect to the inner diameter (Id). 0.10 ≦ T / Id ≦ 0.60 If the wall thickness (T) is thin, the pressure resistance is insufficient, and it is undesirably deformed due to the earth pressure and deteriorates drainage and collection. Conversely, if the wall thickness (T) is large, collection and drainage becomes poor, which is not preferable. The core is usually cylindrical, and its inner diameter and outer diameter must be set according to the situation within a range that meets the following inequality conditions. Even polygons such as a triangle, a quadrangle, and a hexagon can be similarly considered assuming an inscribed circle and a circumscribed circle. Next, it is preferable that the fiber web and the nonwoven fabric are wound up by adjusting the linear pressure to 30 to 500 g / cm. The method of adjusting the linear pressure may be the own weight of the pipe or rod serving as the core. The both ends of the rod may be adjusted with an air cylinder or the like. Air at both ends of pipe and rod
By adjusting with a cylinder or the like, the porosity of the thickness of the drainage pipe could be arbitrarily adjusted. The porosity is determined depending on the fineness, but is preferably 60 to 90%. If it is less than 60%, the space for catching particles in the collection / drainage pipe is small, and clogging is accelerated, which is not preferable. On the other hand, if it exceeds 90%, the pressure resistance becomes weak, which is not preferable. The winding pressure of the fiber web and the nonwoven fabric is changed to several stages, the winding pressure of the core portion is increased, and the outer peripheral portion is adjusted with an air cylinder to reduce the porosity of the thickness of the drainage pipe. The porosity, porosity of the outer core and the filtration accuracy can be changed by changing the porosity, web or nonwoven fabric with different porosity and fineness from the middle. By roughening the part, it could be used for a long time without clogging. The compressive strength is
Since the drainage due to deformation does not deteriorate due to withstanding the earth pressure, 30
Kg / 10 cm or more, and more preferably 50 kg / 10 cm or more in order to reduce a decrease in water permeability due to uneven settlement of soil or ground around the drainage pipe. The present invention will be described in more detail with reference to the following examples. In addition, the conditions and evaluation of each example were performed by the following methods. (Fiber component) HDPE: high-density polyethylene PP with a melting point of 132 ° C .: polypropylene with a melting point of 165 ° C. LPET: polyester PET with a melting point of 130 ° C .: polyester with a melting point of 254 ° C. (porosity) Calculated by the following formula. (Strength and Elongation of Heat-Fusible Fiber Yarn) Using a tensile tester, the strength and elongation of the yarn were measured under the conditions of a distance between chucks of 30 mm and a pulling speed of 30 mm / min. The heat treatment of the yarn was performed using a suction dryer at the same temperature and for the same time (15 seconds) as the manufacturing conditions for the hollow drainage pipe. The tenacity of the yarn was measured 10 times, and the average value was shown. (Pressure test) A drain pipe with a length of 10 cm was placed horizontally between two disks having a diameter of 15 cm, and compressed at a speed of 10 mm / min. (Unit: Kg / 10cm) (Clogging) A drainage pipe was driven into the slope and used. A: The drainage amount did not change for 3 years or more. ○: The amount of wastewater did not change for more than one year. Δ: The amount of wastewater did not change for more than two months. X: The amount of drainage decreased from one month. (Water flow rate) It measured with the water flow rate test device. Cut the drainage pipe to 1m,
The drainage pipe was attached between the feedwater tank side pipe and the drainage tank side pipe, and the outer peripheral surface of the drainage pipe was covered with a heat shrinkable film. Before removing water from the drainage pipe,
Water is passed for 30 minutes at a head difference H of 5 mm between the drainage tanks. After the water head is stabilized at a head difference H of 30 mm, the flow rate per 60 seconds is continuously measured three times, and the average is determined to obtain the average per outer diameter cross-sectional area. Water flow rate. Amount of water per 60 seconds per cross-sectional area [(outer diameter / 2) ² π] (unit: cc / cm ² ) (Water permeability in deformed state) The drainage pipe is cut into 30 cm, and compressed by a compression tester. , The inner surface of the hollow drainage tube is deformed to 60% to make full contact. The outer peripheral surface of the deformed hollow drainage pipe was covered with a heat shrinkable film, and both sides were sandwiched by a 5-mm-thick iron plate so that the hollow drainage pipe was not recovered so that the deformation rate was constant at 60%. This compressed hollow drainage pipe was attached between a feedwater tank side pipe and a drainage tank side pipe, and the measurement was performed with a water flow test device for the drainage pipe. In order to remove air bubbles in the collecting and draining pipes, water is supplied for 30 minutes with a head difference H between the water supply and drainage tanks of 10 mm for 30 minutes. The measured values were averaged to determine the water flow rate. (Crack) Using a compression tester, the inner surface of the hollow drainage pipe is deformed up to 60% where it is completely in contact, unbroken pipe is deformed to ○, 40%, unbroken pipe is Δ, and broken pipe is tested Indicated by ×. Embodiment 1 Embodiment 1 Using polyethylene for the sheath-side low melting point component and polypropylene for the core-side high melting point component, pore diameter 0.6 m
The undrawn yarn of the sheath-core type thermo-adhesive fiber was spun using a sheath-core type composite die having a m of 350 and a number of holes of 350. The unstretched yarn of the sheath-core type heat-adhesive fiber is stretched 4 times while being heated to 100 ° C. by using a roll stretching apparatus, and crimped with a crimper of 12 crimps / 25 mm and then cut with a cutter. Thus, a staple fiber having a single yarn fineness of 65 d / f and a cut length of 64 mm was obtained. The obtained staple fiber was made into a web having a width of 4.2 m and a basis weight of 30 g / m ² using a card machine, and then a suction drier (wind speed 1.5 m / sec, processing time 15 seconds, net conveyor speed 10 m / min).
Was heat treated. The obtained web in which the low-melting point component was melted was wound around a stainless steel core having an outer diameter of 30 mm and a weight of 40 g / cm while being pressed by its own weight. Room temperature blower
After cooling by wind, cut into length 4m, inner diameter 30, outer diameter 5
It was a drainage pipe of a 0 mm fiber-bonded molded article. The collection / drainage pipe of this fiber-bonded molded article was easily manufactured, was strong, and had a uniform appearance. Table 1 shows the evaluation of the drainage pipe. Also, even at a deformation rate of 60%, there is no cracking.
% Of water permeation at a deformation rate of 250% was confirmed to be 250 cc / min. A 3.5 m diameter, 10 m deep water collecting well is dug on a cut ground slope which is at risk of landslide, and a bored hole is bored from the well, and a fifty meter long fiber-joined molded body is formed. Repeated in the order of two collection / drainage pipes made of porous vinyl chloride as a comparative example for one collection / drainage pipe of
Ten collection / drainage pipes made of perforated vinyl chloride were buried. Observation of the drainage one year after burying revealed that all five drainage pipes of the fiber-bonded molded body drained, and the drainage amount did not change. On the other hand, of the 10 drainage pipes made of vinyl chloride, one was not drained, and the drainage of the other five drains was reduced to 1/3.
The book drainage remained unchanged. Embodiment 2 Using PE for the sheath-side low melting point component and PP for the core-side high melting point component, pore diameter 0.6 mm,
An undrawn yarn of the sheath-core type heat-bondable fiber was spun using a sheath-core type composite die having 350 holes. The undrawn yarn of the sheath-core type heat-bondable fiber is stretched 4 times while heating to 100 ° C. using a roll stretching apparatus, and the number of crimpers is 12 peaks /
After giving a crimp of 25 mm, it was cut with a cutter to obtain a sheath-core composite thermoadhesive fiber having a single yarn fineness of 18 d / f and a cut length of 64 mm. The production method and the like were manufactured in accordance with Example 1, and the evaluation of the drainage pipe was shown in Table 1. Examples 1 and 2
Was manufactured according to Example 1 with the heat treatment temperature of the suction dryer and the inner and outer diameters of the collecting and draining pipes shown in Table 1. The evaluation of the collecting and draining pipes is shown in Table 1. In Example 3, the hole diameter was 0.6 mm, and the number of holes was 350.
Parallel type low melting point PE
An undrawn yarn of T (LPET) / PET thermoadhesive fiber was obtained. This undrawn yarn is drawn under the same conditions as in Example 1 and crimped to give a fineness of 15 d / f and a number of crimps of 13 peaks / 25.
mm and a fiber length of 64 mm. The composite heat-adhesive fiber was used to produce the same as in Example 1, and the evaluation of the drainage pipe is shown in Table 1. Embodiment 4. FIG. Unstretched yarn of a sheath-core type heat-adhesive fiber using a sheath-core type composite die having a pore diameter of 0.6 mm and a number of holes of 350, using PE for the sheath-side low melting point component and PET for the core-side high melting point component Was spun. The undrawn yarn of the sheath-core type heat-bondable fiber is drawn 4 times while heating to 100 ° C. using a roll drawing device, and the number of crimps is 12 peaks / 25 m by a crimper.
After giving a crimp of m, it was cut with a cutter to obtain a sheath-core composite thermoadhesive fiber having a single yarn fineness of 18 d / f and a cut length of 64 mm. The production method and the like were manufactured in accordance with Example 1, and the evaluation of the drainage pipe was shown in Table 1. In Example 5, no composite fiber was used, and 18 d
/ FRegPP (12 crimps / 25mm fiber length 64
mm) 70% by weight and 30% by weight of 15 d / fReg PET (14 crimps / 25 mm fiber length 64 mm) were manufactured according to Example 1, and the evaluation of this drainage pipe was shown in Table 1. In Example 6, the same heat-adhesive conjugate fiber as in Example 1 was wound around a stainless steel core, and the porosity was 73%.
% Wall thickness was 10 mm. Table 1 shows the evaluation of the drainage pipe according to Example 1, except that a two-layer structure having a porosity of 88% and a wall thickness of 19 mm was used. To use as a drainage pipe,
Although the pressure resistance required is 30 kg / 10 cm or more, the drainage pipe of the present invention has a pressure resistance of 50 kg / 10 cm or more, which is strong. Reference Examples 1 to 3 In Reference Example 1, a sheath-core composite mouthpiece having a pore diameter of 0.6 mm and a number of 350 holes was used, using a polymer of PE for the sheath-side low melting point component and a polymer of PP for the core-side high melting point component. Then, an undrawn yarn of the sheath-core type heat-bondable fiber was spun. The undrawn yarn of the sheath-core type heat-adhesive fiber is drawn twice by using a roll drawing device while heating to 100 ° C., crimped with a crimper of 12 crests / 25 mm, and cut with a cutter. T single yarn fineness 18d
/ F, a sheath-core composite heat-adhesive fiber having a cut length of 64 mm was obtained. The production method and the like were manufactured in accordance with Example 1, and the results of evaluation of this drainage pipe are shown in Table 1. Reference Example 2 uses 18d / fRegPP (12 crimps / 25 mm crimp) without using a composite fiber.
Fiber length 64mm) 70% by weight and 15d / fRegPET
(14 crimps / 25 mm fiber length: 64 mm) A 30% by weight blend was used, and the processing temperature of the suction dryer was changed in accordance with Example 1 to manufacture. Table 1 shows the evaluation results of the drainage pipes. Reference Example 3 is the same as Example 3 described above. In the stretching conditions, a roll temperature of 120 ° C and a stretching ratio of 4.3
Example 3 except for doubling. Stretched and crimped according to the standard, fineness 13.5 d / f, crimp number 13 peaks / 25 m
m and a fiber length of 64 mm were obtained. The composite heat-adhesive fiber was used to produce the same as in Example 1, and the evaluation of the drainage pipe is shown in Table 1. The drainage method of the present invention is made entirely of fiber and uses a drainage pipe connected to its contacts, so that drainage drainage is excellent and there is no clogging for a long time. . Since the drainage pipe used in the drainage method of the present invention uses a fiber-bonded molded body, it did not break even under a large stress. Even if it deforms greatly until the inner surface of the drainage pipe contacts,
Water permeability was maintained. Since the drainage pipe used in the drainage method of the present invention uses a fiber-bonded molded body, there is no need to provide a hole or slit in the drainage port. And could be easily obtained. Since the drainage pipe used in the drainage method of the present invention uses a fiber-bonded molded body, it is light and the slope construction is easy. The drainage pipe used in the drainage method of the present invention is:
Since there is no large water collecting port using a fiber-bonded molded body, there is no inflow of earth and sand and no clogging due to this. Further, since the drainage pipe of the present invention is not damaged, there is no inflow of earth and sand, and there is no clogging due to this. Since there is no inflow of sediment, it is not necessary to wash the sediment in the drainage pipe. As described above, the drainage method of the present invention has an excellent drainage and drainage effect, thereby preventing landslides and landslides on slopes containing a large amount of water, and preventing large accidents. The drainage method according to the present invention has a drainage effect not only on the leveled cut and embankment but also on a slope where no manual operation is performed, and is particularly effective on a steep slope of 30 ° or more. For this reason, it can be safely used in a wide range of applications for slope drainage such as slopes, dikes, roads, dams, drainage channels, railways, and tunnels, and is an optimal drainage method especially for landslide prevention. [Table 1]

Claims (1)

(57) [Claim 1] In a method for draining water in slope soil by a buried drainage pipe, the drainage pipe has a fineness of 1 to 100.
Heated at 0 d / f, temperature at which self-bonding is achieved by thermal fusion
The subsequent yarn strength is 1 g / d or more, and the yarn elongation is 30% or more.
Contains heat-bondable fibers, heat-sealed, porosity 60-90%
And a compressive strength of 30 kg / 10 cm or less
In addition, a slope drainage method for landslide prevention, which is a water-permeable fiber-bonded molded article that does not crack at a deformation rate of 60% .