JP4580082B2

JP4580082B2 - Three-dimensional network and method for producing the same

Info

Publication number: JP4580082B2
Application number: JP2000309833A
Authority: JP
Inventors: 洋北川; 庸輔高井
Original assignee: DaiwaboPolytecCo.,Ltd.; Daiwabo Holdings Co Ltd
Current assignee: DaiwaboPolytecCo.,Ltd.; Daiwabo Holdings Co Ltd
Priority date: 2000-10-10
Filing date: 2000-10-10
Publication date: 2010-11-10
Anticipated expiration: 2020-10-10
Also published as: JP2002115167A

Description

【０００１】
【発明の属する技術分野】
本発明は、立体網状体に関する。さらに詳しくは、廃棄物処分場の底面止水材として、遮水シート／立体網状体／遮水シートの構成の遮水構造体を用いたダブルライナー工法があり、本発明は、前記した立体網状体に関係する土木資材であって、土圧が掛かって常に厚味方向に圧縮応力が掛った状態で空隙を確保する機能が要求される部材で、該立体網状体は、廃棄物処分場の底面止水材としての遮水構造体として用いた時、上部の遮水シートが破れて、該立体網状体が確保している空隙に廃水が漏れだした時、何らかの方法でその漏水を検知して、漏水を検知した場合、該空隙にベントナイトなどの止水材を注入して、遮水効果をより確保するものである。
【０００２】
【従来の技術】
特許第１５０８３１１号公報に見られる様な、立体網状体が、実質厚みが０．１〜４ｍｍの薄い網状体が、厚み方向断面において凹凸状に波打っており、見掛けの厚みが４〜５０ｍｍで、該網状体の凹凸によって大きな空隙を形成したマット形状の立体網状体が公知であり、該立体網状体は、廃棄物処分場において、その底面は漏水によって地下水の汚染を防止するための遮水構造体で形成され、ダブルライナー工法では、上記した遮水シート／立体網状体／遮水シートの構成の遮水構造体が用いられている。該立体網状体には、特公昭５８−９１８６号公報や特開平１１−２４７０６０号公報開示されているフィラメントが融着接着して一体化し、かつ全体的に凹凸状になって一定の厚みを持ったマツト状の立体網状体として使用され、また、この立体網状体を利用した特開平５−１１８１９６号公報に見られるンネルやコンクリートの擁壁の裏面から湧出する水を導水して排水する面状排水材が当該排水材がプラスチック製で軽量のため、施工が簡単で多用されている。
【０００３】
また、上記廃棄物処分場の遮水構造体として、セメント打ちなどの剛性工法に比べ、ゴムシートやプラスチックシートを止水材として用いるのが、簡単であり、従来から行なわれてきたが、当該シートが破損して漏水する問題があり、これらを改良する試みがなされ、上下に不透水膜を配置し中層に排水材を設け、該排水材より逸流水が生じた場合に、当該排水材に不透水剤を注入して遮水を完璧なものとする、遮水構造のチェックと補修を兼ねたダブルライナー工法の排水材を挟んだ遮水材、また、前記遮水構造体として、取り扱いが容易な様に、本発明の様な空隙の大きい立体網状体を用い、該立体網状体にベントナイトなどの水によって容易に膨潤する物質を止水材を散布する考案が、特開平６−３４１１２４号公報、特開平５−１０４８号公報や特開平４−１４６３１９号公報が開示されており、さらには、これらの止水効果が減じた部分が生じて漏水を発生させた場合まで想定して止水する特開平７−１１９１３０号公報が開示されているが、いずれの場合であっても、立体網状体に、より耐圧性のものが望まれてきた。
【０００４】
このため、本発明者らは、より耐圧性のプリーツ形状の立体網状体をすでに提案したが、前記した漏水を検知する機能も立体網状体に要求され始めた。この漏水検知には、耐圧性はないが検知材として導電性繊維を混綿した導電性不織布を立体網状体の代わりに用い、廃棄物処分場の埋め立て部分の地表に、一方の電極を、もう一方の電極を遮水シートに挟まれた導電性不織布として、該遮水シートが破損し、導電性不織布に漏水した場合、両電極間が繋がり、漏水を検知するものがあるが、漏水した箇所を止水材で復旧する機能はない。
【０００５】
【発明が解決しょうとする課題】
前記した特公昭５８−９１８６号公報や特開平１１−２４７０６０号公報開示されているフィラメントが融着接着して一体化し、かつ全体的に凹凸状になって一定の厚みを持ったマツト状になった立体網状体、また、最近、本発明者らが開発したより軽量で空隙率が高く従来の排水材より圧縮応力が大きいプリーツ形状の立体網状体は、軽量でも厚み方向への剛直性と耐圧性の向上できたが、漏水の検知機能は配慮されておらず、何らかの検知機能を別途設けなければならない問題があった。
【０００６】
本発明の目的は、土圧が掛かって常に厚味方向に圧縮応力が掛かる用途で、従来の排水材より圧縮応力が大きくて、高加重下でも厚みの減少量が少なく高い空隙率を保持できる立体網状体に、前記遮水構造体として用いた時、漏水検知機能を与え、漏水箇所の遮水復旧と漏水検知機能をダブルライナー工法の遮水構造体に持たせ、より安全な廃棄物処分場を提供することにある。
【０００７】
なお、前記した導電性不織布は、炭素繊維や金属繊維などの導電性繊維を混綿して不織布化する手法で作成されるため、不織布として導電性を確保するには、該繊維同士が接触して、不織布全体として導電性繊維の網目を構成する都合上、該導電性繊維を少なくとも１０〜２０重量％混綿しないと導電性を確保できない問題がある。前記した導電性繊維は大半が剛直で、混綿に欠くことのできないカード掛けの大きな問題もあり、安価には導電性不織布を作れない大きな問題がある。
【０００８】
【課題を解決するための手段】
フィラメントが融着接着して一体化し、かつ厚み方向に凹凸状になって一定の厚みを持ったマツト状の、耐圧性で透水性の立体網状体が、長さ方向に単位幅当たり数条の導電性糸条が配置され、かつ、これら糸条間を蛇行などした導電性糸条で接触交差させて、粗い目の導電性ネットで一表面および／または一表面の近傍を占められて、全体として導電性機能が付与され、該導電性ネットを保護するため、不織布や遮水シートが、接着されている立体網状体である。
【０００９】
さらには、電気的にピックアップするため、長さ方向に間欠的に、全幅に渡る導電性帯が設けられており、本来、導電性糸条間を蛇行などした導電性糸条で長さ方向の通電性の完全さを確保しているが、このバックアップも、長さ方向の途中に任意に設けることで行なわしめると共に、長さ方向での切断の自由性を高め、できるだけ切断をこの導電性帯で行なわしめ、立体網状体の接続の必要な時は、この導電性帯同士を導電物で接続して全体の通電性を容易に確保することができる。
【００１０】
なお、電気的にピックアップできる導電性帯は、長さ方向に間欠的に多数入っていても良く、さらには、短い一定間隔であっても良いため、請求項８記載の任意な間隔で設置できる金属バーの使用と共に、以下に記載する彫刻金型の、それぞれの単独使用や併用など、必要に応じ選択して実施すると良い。
【００１１】
前記した彫刻金型とは、連続フィラメントを集積する金型に、幅方向の全幅に渡る凸部を彫刻したものであり、連続フィラメント集積する前に、該凸部上に金属バーを用いた場合と同じく、予め導電性糸条や導電性テープをセットし、圧着ロールで、平面体の接着と同時に、未固化状態の連続フィラメントで圧着して一体化させることで上記導電性帯が容易に形成できる。
【００１２】
なお、使用する金属バーは、全幅に渡って０．３〜２ｍｍｍｍ厚みで、幅が３〜５０ｍｍのものが最適である。
【００１３】
具体的には、熱可塑性合成樹脂からなる、太さが０．１〜１．５ｍｍの多数の連続フィラメントが網状に重ね合わされ、その交差点で融着接着されて一体化した、実質厚みが０．１〜４ｍｍの網状体を形成し、該網状体が、厚み方向断面において凹凸状に波打っており、見掛けの厚みが４〜５０ｍｍで、該網状体の凹凸によって大きな空隙を形成したマット形状の立体網状体であって、該立体網状体の幅方向に間欠的に導電性糸条が配され、長さ方向に該糸条が伸びており、該糸条に接触交差する様に１本または複数本の導電性糸条が配され、粗いネット状の導電性ネットワークが形成され、該導電性糸条条の側の立体網状体の表面に平面体を張りつけてある、導電性を特徴とする立体網状体が、本発明の立体網状体である。
【００１４】
基本的には、本発明の立体網状体はより耐圧性が求められているため、その使用する金型を断面が三角の頂点をわずか切断除去した様な、台形のブロックが平面上に配置されており、該台形の上辺と底面がそれぞれ同一の平面上にある形状の金型を用いるのが都合良く、該金型でブロックが長さ方向に平行して密に設置されたものが最も都合が良く、この金型で作られた、厚み方向断面において、プリーツ状で長さ方向に整然と平行して配列している連続した複数の畦部と溝部とが、交互に形成されているプリーツ形状の立体網状体が最適である。
【００１５】
【発明の実施の形態】
本発明の実施の形態について実施例の図示に基づいて以下に説明する。図１に本発明の一実施形態である多数のプリーツ断面構造を持つ立体網状体に、本発明の間歇的間隔、特に任意の間隔に導電性帯を作る金属バーを設置している製造装置の側面概略図を示す。ただし該金属バーには導電性帯が乗せてあるものとする。図２は図１Ａ部の斜め方向から見た拡大斜視図である。
【００１６】
本発明による網状体の形態は、例えば図３で図示するものであり、該網状体は、一定幅（間隔）で巻いた導電性糸条を複数本繰り出し圧着ロールと金型間で押さえて、金型と同調させる様になし、多数の連続フィラメント１を溶融紡糸の紡糸口金２より、三角柱を寝かした形状が刻まれている金型４上に吐出して、金型上または金型上空に位置した導電性糸条に絡ませながら網状に重ねてその交点を溶融接着させ、さらに圧着ロールに添わせて平面体を供給し、これらを金型の凸面上部に圧着ローラー６で押しつけて、金型の凸部上の融着接着した網状体で圧着、一体化させると共に、凸部上の融着接着した網状体をさらに圧着させて、立体網状体の整形と畦部上端の補強を行なって、プリーツ状の立体網状体として、該立体網状体の畦下部と溝上部に三角柱形状の大きな空隙を有するマット形状の立体網状体で、導電性糸条で電気的検出を可能としたものである。
【００１７】
さらには、長さ方向に間欠的に、幅方向に横断する畦部を持つ金型または、金型上に金属バーを設置した金型を用い、該畦部または金属バー上に導電性帯を仮設置して、圧着ロールで未固化網状体で圧着して、ピックアップ帯とすることも容易にできる。
【００１８】
本発明の立体網状体は、その巻きの長さ方向の両端に該ピックアップ帯を具備するのが好ましく、この両端は幅を１０〜５０ｍｍにするのが利便上好ましい。したがって、この場合、幅も任意に決定できる、金属バーの使用が好ましい。また、従来の金型は全幅に渡る凸部が彫刻されていないため、金属バーの使用は、従来の金型が流用でき、かつ、間隔の設定に自由度が大きいので極めて好ましい。なお、ピックアップ帯は必然的にフラットな帯となり、折り曲げ、巻き上げや切断部分としても大変都合が良く、特に、耐圧性向上用途では、整然と並列して配されたプリーツ形状の、立体網状体の表層を一辺と仮想した三角断面構造によって、厚み方向への圧縮力を受けとめることで耐圧性を向上させる効果を発揮させ、加えて、当該三角断面構造をプリーツ状に横方向に整然と配置することで、耐圧性に寄与する該三角断面構造を最大限に組み込むことによって、全体としての耐圧強度を大幅に向上させ得るのであるが、耐圧性向上につれ、立体網状体の剛直性も高くなり、折り曲げや巻き上げが不可能となる。そこで、間歇的な、好ましくは一定間隔毎に、より好ましくは任意の間隔で、折り曲げと接着に便利なフラット部を設ける必要があり、前記した手法で結果としてフラットとなる導電性帯を一定間隔でもうけるのが都合が良いが、場合によっては導電性帯でなく、単なるフラット部としても不都合ではない。
【００１９】
本発明の連続フィラメントに使用する素材は、ポリプロピレン、ポリエチレン、ポリエチレンテレフタレートなどのポリエステルおよびナイロン６などのポリアミドなどの熱可塑性樹脂で、柔軟性を強化するためこれらの共重合体はさらに好ましく、これらのポリマーブレンドしたものやポリマーアロイも好ましい。
【００２０】
本発明の連続フィラメントの太さは、強度と剛性の面から０．１〜１．５ｍｍが好ましく１．５ｍｍより太いと、本発明の網状体を成形しにくく、０．１ｍｍより細いと剛性に問題が出やすくなるため好ましくない。
【００２１】
また、本発明の立体網状体の目付けは用途によるが、概ね１００〜３０００ｇ／ｍ²の範囲であり、耐圧性強化を意図する場合は、連続フィラメントの強度と本数の積による耐圧強度の問題があり、１５０〜１５００ｇ／ｍ²が好ましく、土壌の保持を意図する場合はその厚みにもよるが、２００〜１５００ｇ／ｍ²が好ましい。
【００２２】
本発明の立体網状体の厚みは、耐圧性強化を意図する場合は、４〜４０ｍｍが好ましく、土壌の保持を意図する場合は、２０〜５０ｍｍが用途的に好ましい。なお５０ｍｍを超えると、連続フィラメントが金型に接触して、冷やされて到達しにくくなって不揃いとなるし、融着接着不良で、事実上製造が困難であるので好ましくない。
【００２３】
本発明に用いる金型は、圧着ロール６を用いる都合上、金型上面と底面が平行で、金型の凸部上面はすべての凸部上面が同一平面にあることが好ましい。
【００２４】
本発明に用いる導電性糸条は、耐薬品性に優れた炭素繊維、銅やアルミニウムなどの通電性に優れた金属線や金属繊維、これら金属のメッキ繊維であって、マルチフィラメント、モノフィラメント、紡績糸やスプリットヤーンなど、通電性の糸条を言い、耐腐食性ガスで炭素繊維、コスト的に多芯銅線が好ましく、銅線にあっては、銅箔を両面ポリエチレンコートしたスプリットヤーンや、水溶性樹脂で被覆されたものが、腐食性ガス対策上好ましい。また、導電性テープはこれらの織り編み物、不織布や紙を言う。
【００２５】
張りつける平面体は、ポリエチレンなどの遮水シートや、スパンボンドやニードルパンチ、スパンレースや含浸接着した不織布等が好適であり、不織布の場合は、経済的に、２０〜３００ｇ／ｍ²目付けのポリエチレンテレフタレートスパンボンド不織布が特に好ましい。
【００２６】
本発明の立体網状体は可撓性ネットで補強されているのも好ましく、該可撓性ネットは、網目が１５〜５０ｍｍ□の漁網などの編みたてネット、スプリットヤーンを使用する寒冷紗、マルチまたはモノフィラメントなどの糸条を縦と横方向に織ったり引き揃えたものやスクリムネットなどが都合良く用いられ、強度補強の点でポリエチレンテレフタレート製漁網が特に好ましい。
【００２７】
（作用）本発明の立体網状体は連続したフィラメントで構成されており、水などの液体は容易に網状体を通過さすことができ、廃棄物処分場の底面漏水検知と漏水補修に極めて利便性が良く、導電性不織布を使用している物に比べ、導電体が集合した状態の糸条を用いているため耐腐食ガスによる影響を受けにくいことと、単に市場にある導電性体を使用しているため、大変経済的であり、不織布ではその剛直性のため用いれなかった導電体も比較的自由に使用できる利点もある。
【００２８】
【実施例】
次に本発明の効果を実施例と比較例で具体的に説明する。（実施例１〜３）本発明の網状体は第１図に例示する装置に、図４ＡまたはＢの金型４、１４を用い、金型１４では、一定間隔毎に、幅３ｃｍ、厚さ０．８ｍｍの金属帯を全幅に渡り設置し、端を金型にビス固定したものを用いることで、効率良く製造できる。被覆していない多芯銅線７を２０ｃｍ間隔で金型上方より金型に上斜めに供給し、圧着ロールで押さえて金型速度と同調させ、該ロール６に添わせて目付け１００ｇ／ｍ²のポリエチレンテレフタレートスパンボンド不織布８を金型上に供給する様セットし、融点が１４０℃でメルトフローレートが１８ｇ／１０分のエチレンープロピレン共重合体の溶融物を、孔径０．６ｍｍの多数の紡糸ノズルが列設された紡糸口金２より繊維径が０．７ｍｍの連続フィラメント１を紡出し、等速で移動している三角柱が寝かされた形状が刻まれている金型に垂らし、前記した導電性糸条に絡ませながら、網状に重ね、その交差点を融着接着させて網状物３を形成させ、該網状物が固化しない場所に設置した、圧着ロール６で、金型をベースとし、網状物を圧着成分として、不織布８と多芯銅線７を圧着して一体化させ図３に例示する実施例１〜２の導電性を特徴とする立体網状体を得た。得られた立体網状体の諸物性を表１に示す。
【００２９】
【表１】

【００３０】
金型を図４の１６とし、金型１４と同様にして金属バーを用いて任意の間隔毎にフラット部のある実施例３の立体網状体を得た。
【００３１】
実施例１〜３の立体網状体は、何れも、長さ１０ｍでも、通電でき、実施例１の立体網状体の上下を１ｍｍのポリエチレンシートで挟み、幅方向の側面を粘土で密封した後、僅かに折り曲げ、凹型とし、電気ごてで、５ｍｍの穴を上中央部に開け、その上に、５ｃｍの厚みで腐葉土を押し固めて乗せた、この腐葉土の穴の上の位置に、リード銅線を付けた釘を３ｃｍ打ち込み、立体網状体の導電性糸条に接続した銅線に乾電池を繋ぎ、それに、豆電球を繋ぎ、前記リード銅線も接続したが、豆電球は点かなかった。そこで、２Ｌの水を入れたポリエチレン袋を用意し、上記の穴の上の辺を目がけ、袋に穴を開けて散水した。しばらくすると、豆電球が点灯し、本発明の立体網状体が検知機能を持っていることを確認した。その後、側面の粘土を外して、立体網状体の状態を確認したところ、かなりの水の漏水を目視できた。粘土で再び密閉し、上記のポリエチレンシートの穴の上の腐葉土の上に、鉄板で重しし、凹型となっているポリエチレンシートで挟まれた立体網状体の片方の端から水道水をホースで勢い良く注入すると、反対側の端からかなりの勢いで水がでてきたので、修復も可能と推定する。
【００３２】
【発明の効果】
本発明の１つは、立体網状体の断面が、三角形が横に繋がったプリーツ形状で、その一辺を立体網状体の上下面と仮想する、三角形状がしっかりと固定されて耐圧性を向上させたものであるが、該網状体の内部は網状物の壁で構成されており、該網状物は熱可塑性樹脂のフィラメントで構成されているため、嵩高で、通気性と通水性に優れており、空隙率が極めて大きいため軽量で、施工場所に運びかつ施工するに便利であり、従来のものより強度が向上しているため、従来品よりきつい使用条件に耐え得ることができるため、廃棄物処分場の遮水構造体である、ダブルライナー工法の立体網状体として最適であり、さらに、電気的漏水検知機能も付与てきたため、本発明の立体網状体を用いると、より優れた遮水構造体とでき、廃棄物処分場の安全性のより向上に寄与できる。
【図面の簡単な説明】
【図１】本発明の網状体の製造装置の概略図である。
【図２】図１Ａの斜上部から見た拡大図である。
【図３】本発明の立体網状体の一実施形態５を示す斜視図である。
【図４】金型の例Ａ：プリーツ断面の立体網状体に使用する例
Ｂ：フラット部を彫刻した金型Ａ
Ｃ：従来の金型の例
ただし、ＡとＣは金属バーの未装着例
【図５】金属バーの一実施形態を示す斜視図である。
【符号の説明】
１連続フィラメント
２紡糸口金
３連続フィラメントが金型の上で融着接着した網状物
４、１４、１６金型（ただし、１４と１６は金属バー未装着）
５本発明の立体網状体
６圧着ロール
７導電性糸条
８平面体
９、１５金属バー
１０導電性テープ
１１フラット部
８１平面体と立体網状体との接着点[0001]
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
The present invention relates to a three-dimensional network. More specifically, there is a double liner construction method using a water shielding structure having a structure of a water shielding sheet / three-dimensional network / water shielding sheet as a bottom water stop material of a waste disposal site, and the present invention is a three-dimensional network as described above. It is a civil engineering material related to the body, and is a member that is required to have a function of securing a void in a state in which earth pressure is applied and a compressive stress is always applied in the thickness direction, and the three-dimensional network is a waste disposal site When used as a water-blocking structure as a bottom water-blocking material, when the upper water-blocking sheet is torn and wastewater leaks into the gap secured by the three-dimensional network, the leakage is detected in some way. When water leakage is detected, a water blocking material such as bentonite is injected into the gap to further secure the water shielding effect.
[0002]
[Prior art]
As seen in Japanese Patent No. 1508311, the three-dimensional network is a thin network having a substantial thickness of 0.1 to 4 mm, and the apparent thickness is 4 to 50 mm. In addition, a mat-shaped three-dimensional network having a large gap formed by the unevenness of the network is known, and the three-dimensional network is a water shielding layer for preventing contamination of groundwater due to water leakage at the bottom of a waste disposal site. In the double liner construction method, a water-impervious structure having the above-described structure of water-impervious sheet / three-dimensional network / water-impervious sheet is used. In the three-dimensional network, the filaments disclosed in Japanese Patent Publication No. 58-9186 and Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 11-247060 are fused and bonded together, and the whole is irregular and has a certain thickness. Used as a pine-like three-dimensional network, and a surface shape for introducing and draining water from the back surface of a tunnel or a concrete retaining wall as disclosed in Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 5-118196 using this three-dimensional network. Since the drainage material is made of plastic and lightweight, the construction is easy and frequently used.
[0003]
Moreover, as a water-impervious structure of the above-mentioned waste disposal site, it is simpler to use a rubber sheet or a plastic sheet as a water-stopping material, compared to a rigid construction method such as cementing, which has been conventionally performed. There is a problem that the sheet breaks and water leaks, and attempts are made to improve them.When impermeable membranes are arranged on the top and bottom and drainage material is provided in the middle layer, Water-impervious agent is injected to perfect the water-impervious structure, water-impervious material sandwiched between double liner construction drainage material that doubles as a check and repair of the water-impervious structure, and can also be handled as the water-impervious structure In order to facilitate the use of a three-dimensional network with large voids as in the present invention, a device for spraying a water-stopping material on the three-dimensional network with a substance that easily swells with water, such as bentonite, is disclosed in JP-A-6-341124. JP, 5-10 No. 8 and Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 4-146319 are disclosed, and furthermore, a water stop is assumed in the case where a portion where the water stop effect is reduced to cause water leakage is generated. However, in any case, it has been desired that the three-dimensional network is more pressure resistant.
[0004]
For this reason, the present inventors have already proposed a more pressure-resistant pleated three-dimensional network, but the three-dimensional network has also started to be required to have a function of detecting the above-described water leakage. For this water leakage detection, a conductive non-woven fabric mixed with conductive fibers is used as a detection material, but it is not pressure resistant. Instead of a three-dimensional network, one electrode is placed on the ground surface of the landfill part of a waste disposal site, and the other As the conductive nonwoven fabric sandwiched between the electrodes of the water shielding sheet, when the water shielding sheet breaks and leaks into the conductive nonwoven fabric, there is something that connects both electrodes and detects water leakage. There is no function to restore with water-stopping material.
[0005]
[Problems to be solved by the invention]
The above-mentioned filaments disclosed in Japanese Patent Publication No. 58-9186 and Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 11-247060 are fused and integrated to form an overall concavo-convex shape with a certain thickness. The pleated three-dimensional network, which has been developed by the present inventors, is lighter, has a higher porosity, and has a higher compressive stress than conventional drainage materials. However, the leakage detection function was not considered, and there was a problem that a separate detection function had to be provided.
[0006]
The object of the present invention is an application in which earth pressure is applied and compressive stress is always applied in the thickness direction. The compressive stress is larger than that of a conventional drainage material, and the amount of reduction in thickness is small and high porosity can be maintained even under high load. When a three-dimensional network is used as the above-mentioned water-impervious structure, it provides a water leakage detection function, and has a double liner construction method for water leakage restoration and water leakage detection function for safer waste disposal. Is to provide a place.
[0007]
In addition, since the above-mentioned conductive nonwoven fabric is created by a method of blending conductive fibers such as carbon fibers and metal fibers into a nonwoven fabric, in order to ensure conductivity as a nonwoven fabric, the fibers contact each other. For the convenience of constituting a mesh of conductive fibers as a whole nonwoven fabric, there is a problem that the conductivity cannot be secured unless the conductive fibers are mixed at least 10 to 20% by weight. Most of the conductive fibers described above are rigid, and there is a big problem of carding that is indispensable for blending, and there is a big problem that a conductive nonwoven fabric cannot be made at low cost.
[0008]
[Means for Solving the Problems]
A pine-like, pressure-resistant and water-permeable three-dimensional network with a certain thickness, which is unevenly integrated in the thickness direction, with the filaments fused and bonded, has several strips per unit width in the length direction. Conductive yarns are arranged, and these yarns are contacted and crossed with conductive yarns that meander, and one surface and / or the vicinity of one surface is occupied by a coarse conductive net. In order to provide a conductive function and protect the conductive net, a non-woven fabric or a water-proof sheet is a three-dimensional network bonded.
[0009]
Furthermore, in order to pick up electrically, a conductive band is provided across the entire width intermittently in the length direction. Originally, a conductive yarn meandering between the conductive yarns in the length direction. The completeness of the electrical conductivity is ensured, but this backup is also performed by providing it arbitrarily in the middle of the length direction, and the freedom of cutting in the length direction is increased, so that the conductive band is cut as much as possible. When it is necessary to connect the three-dimensional network, the conductive bands can be connected to each other with a conductive material to easily ensure the overall conductivity.
[0010]
The conductive bands that can be electrically picked up may be intermittently included in the length direction, and may be arranged at short intervals, so that the conductive bands can be installed at arbitrary intervals. Along with the use of a metal bar, the engraving molds described below may be selected and implemented as needed, such as using each of them individually or in combination.
[0011]
The above-mentioned engraving mold is a mold in which continuous filaments are accumulated and engraved with convex portions over the entire width in the width direction, and a metal bar is used on the convex portions before the continuous filaments are accumulated. Similarly, the conductive band can be easily formed by setting conductive yarn and conductive tape in advance, and pressing and integrating the flat body with the crimping roll, and simultaneously bonding with the unsolidified continuous filament. it can.
[0012]
In addition, the metal bar to be used is optimally one having a thickness of 0.3 to 2 mm mm over the entire width and a width of 3 to 50 mm.
[0013]
Specifically, a large number of continuous filaments made of a thermoplastic synthetic resin having a thickness of 0.1 to 1.5 mm are overlapped in a net shape, and are fused and bonded at their intersections, and the substantial thickness is 0.00. 1 to 4 mm of a net-like body is formed, the net-like body is undulating in a cross section in the thickness direction, the apparent thickness is 4 to 50 mm, and a mat-like shape in which large voids are formed by the irregularities of the net-like body A three-dimensional network, wherein conductive yarns are intermittently arranged in the width direction of the three-dimensional network, the yarns extend in the length direction, and one or so as to intersect the yarns A plurality of conductive yarns are arranged, a rough net-like conductive network is formed, and a planar body is pasted on the surface of the three-dimensional network on the side of the conductive yarns, which is characterized by conductivity. The three-dimensional network is the three-dimensional network of the present invention.
[0014]
Basically, since the three-dimensional network of the present invention is required to have higher pressure resistance, trapezoidal blocks are arranged on a plane such that the mold used is slightly cut and removed from the apex of the triangle. It is convenient to use a mold having a shape in which the upper side and the bottom side of the trapezoid are on the same plane, and it is most convenient that the blocks are densely installed in parallel with the length direction. A pleated shape made of this mold, in which a plurality of continuous ridges and grooves arranged alternately in parallel in the length direction in the thickness direction cross section are alternately formed in the cross section in the thickness direction The three-dimensional network is optimal.
[0015]
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS Embodiments of the present invention will be described below based on examples. FIG. 1 shows a manufacturing apparatus in which a metal bar for forming a conductive band at an intermittent interval of the present invention, particularly an arbitrary interval, is installed on a three-dimensional network having a large number of pleat cross-sectional structures as an embodiment of the present invention. A schematic side view is shown. However, it is assumed that a conductive band is placed on the metal bar. FIG. 2 is an enlarged perspective view of the portion of FIG. 1A viewed from an oblique direction.
[0016]
The form of the mesh body according to the present invention is, for example, as shown in FIG. 3, and the mesh body is formed by pressing a plurality of conductive yarns wound at a constant width (interval) between a delivery roll and a die. In synchronization with the mold, a large number of continuous filaments 1 are discharged from the spinneret 2 for melt spinning onto the mold 4 engraved with the shape of a triangular prism lying on top of the mold or above the mold. While entangled with the conductive yarns that are positioned, the mesh is overlapped and the intersections are melted and bonded, and then a flat body is supplied along with the pressure roll, and these are pressed against the upper surface of the mold by the pressure roller 6 to Crimping and integrating with a fusion bonded network on the convex part, and further crimping the fusion bonded network on the convex part, shaping the three-dimensional network and reinforcing the upper end of the buttock, As a pleated three-dimensional network, the lower part of the three-dimensional network In the three-dimensional net-like body of the mat shape having a large void triangular prism in the groove top is obtained by allowing electrical detection with a conductive yarn.
[0017]
Further, a mold having a flange that is intermittent in the length direction and transversely crossed in the width direction or a mold having a metal bar installed on the mold is used, and a conductive band is formed on the flange or the metal bar. Temporary installation is possible, and the pick-up band can be easily formed by pressure bonding with an unsolidified mesh with a pressure-bonding roll.
[0018]
The three-dimensional network of the present invention is preferably provided with the pickup bands at both ends in the winding length direction, and it is preferable for the both ends to have a width of 10 to 50 mm for convenience. Therefore, in this case, it is preferable to use a metal bar whose width can be arbitrarily determined. In addition, since the conventional mold is not engraved with convex portions over the entire width, the use of a metal bar is extremely preferable because the conventional mold can be used and the degree of freedom in setting the interval is great. In addition, the pick-up band is inevitably a flat band, which is very convenient for bending, winding up, and cutting. Especially, for the purpose of improving pressure resistance, the surface layer of a three-dimensional network of pleats arranged in an orderly manner By exhibiting the effect of improving pressure resistance by receiving a compressive force in the thickness direction by a triangular cross-sectional structure that is assumed to be one side, in addition, by arranging the triangular cross-sectional structure in a pleated form in an orderly manner, By incorporating the triangular cross-sectional structure that contributes to pressure resistance to the maximum, the overall pressure strength can be greatly improved. However, as the pressure resistance is improved, the rigidity of the three-dimensional network also increases, and bending and winding are improved. Is impossible. Therefore, it is necessary to provide a flat portion that is convenient for bending and bonding at intermittent intervals, preferably at regular intervals, more preferably at arbitrary intervals. However, it is not inconvenient even if it is not a conductive band but a simple flat part.
[0019]
The material used for the continuous filament of the present invention is a thermoplastic resin such as a polyester such as polypropylene, polyethylene, polyethylene terephthalate, and a polyamide such as nylon 6, and these copolymers are more preferable in order to reinforce flexibility. Polymer blends and polymer alloys are also preferred.
[0020]
The thickness of the continuous filament of the present invention is preferably 0.1 to 1.5 mm from the viewpoint of strength and rigidity, and if it is thicker than 1.5 mm, it is difficult to form the mesh of the present invention, and if it is thinner than 0.1 mm, it becomes rigid. This is not preferable because problems are likely to occur.
[0021]
Further, the basis weight of the three-dimensional network according to the present invention depends on the application, but is generally in the range of 100 to 3000 g / m ^{2. When} the pressure resistance is intended to be strengthened, there is a problem of the pressure resistance due to the product of the strength and the number of continuous filaments. There is preferably 150~1500g / m ^2, depending on its thickness when the intended retention of soil, 200~1500g / m ² is preferred.
[0022]
The thickness of the three-dimensional network of the present invention is preferably 4 to 40 mm when the pressure resistance is intended to be strengthened, and 20 to 50 mm is preferably used for the purpose of retaining the soil. If the thickness exceeds 50 mm, the continuous filament comes into contact with the mold and is cooled and difficult to reach, resulting in irregularity.
[0023]
In the mold used in the present invention, it is preferable that the upper surface and the bottom surface of the mold are parallel for the convenience of using the press roll 6, and the upper surfaces of the convex portions of the mold are all on the same plane.
[0024]
The conductive yarn used in the present invention is a carbon fiber excellent in chemical resistance, a metal wire or metal fiber excellent in electrical conductivity such as copper or aluminum, and a plated fiber of these metals, which are multifilament, monofilament, spinning It refers to electrically conductive yarns such as yarn and split yarn, carbon fiber with corrosion resistant gas, multi-core copper wire is preferred in terms of cost, for copper wire, split yarn with copper foil coated on both sides polyethylene, Those coated with a water-soluble resin are preferable in terms of measures against corrosive gases. The conductive tape refers to these knitted fabrics, nonwoven fabrics and papers.
[0025]
The flat body to be attached is preferably a water shielding sheet such as polyethylene, spunbond, needle punch, spunlace or impregnated non-woven fabric, and in the case of non-woven fabric, it is economically 20-300 g / m ² per unit weight of polyethylene. A terephthalate spunbond nonwoven is particularly preferred.
[0026]
The three-dimensional net-like body of the present invention is preferably reinforced with a flexible net, and the flexible net is a woven net such as a fishing net having a mesh size of 15 to 50 mm □, a cold raft using a split yarn, a multiple Alternatively, yarns such as monofilaments that are woven or stretched in the vertical and horizontal directions, scrim nets, and the like are conveniently used, and a polyethylene terephthalate fishing net is particularly preferable in terms of strength reinforcement.
[0027]
(Operation) The three-dimensional network of the present invention is composed of continuous filaments, and liquids such as water can easily pass through the network, which is extremely convenient for detecting bottom leaks and repairing leaks at waste disposal sites. Compared to those using conductive nonwoven fabrics, it is less affected by corrosion-resistant gas because it uses yarns with aggregated conductors, and simply uses conductive materials on the market. Therefore, it is very economical, and there is also an advantage that a conductive material that has not been used for a nonwoven fabric due to its rigidity can be used relatively freely.
[0028]
【Example】
Next, the effects of the present invention will be specifically described with reference to examples and comparative examples. (Examples 1 to 3) The mesh body of the present invention uses the

molds

4 and 14 of FIG. 4A or B in the apparatus illustrated in FIG. 1, and the mold 14 has a width of 3 cm and a thickness at regular intervals. It can be efficiently manufactured by using a metal strip having a width of 0.8 mm that is installed over the entire width and whose ends are screw-fixed to a mold. The uncoated multi-core copper wire 7 is supplied obliquely upward from above the mold to the mold at intervals of 20 cm, pressed by a pressure roll and synchronized with the mold speed, and attached to the roll 6 to have a basis weight of 100 g / m ² The polyethylene terephthalate spunbond nonwoven fabric 8 was set so as to be fed onto a mold, and a melt of an ethylene-propylene copolymer having a melting point of 140 ° C. and a melt flow rate of 18 g / 10 min. A continuous filament 1 having a fiber diameter of 0.7 mm is spun from a spinneret 2 in which spinning nozzles are arranged, and is hung on a die engraved with a shape in which a triangular prism moving at a constant speed is laid down, While being entangled with the conductive yarn, the mesh is overlapped, the intersection is fused and formed to form the mesh 3, and the crimping roll 6 installed in a place where the mesh does not solidify, based on the mold, Net As crimp component, to obtain a three-dimensional net-like member, wherein the conductivity of Examples 1-2 illustrated in Figure 3 are integrated by crimping the multi-core copper wire 7 and nonwoven fabric 8. Table 1 shows various physical properties of the obtained three-dimensional network.
[0029]
[Table 1]

[0030]
The metal mold was set to 16 in FIG. 4, and a solid network of Example 3 having flat portions at arbitrary intervals was obtained using metal bars in the same manner as the mold 14.
[0031]
Each of the three-dimensional networks of Examples 1 to 3 can be energized even with a length of 10 m. After sandwiching the top and bottom of the three-dimensional network of Example 1 with a 1 mm polyethylene sheet and sealing the side surfaces in the width direction with clay, Slightly bent and concaved, with an electric iron, a 5mm hole was drilled in the upper center, and on top of this, the mulch was pressed and solidified with a thickness of 5cm. A nail with a wire was driven 3 cm, a dry cell was connected to a copper wire connected to a conductive thread of a three-dimensional network, a miniature bulb was connected to it, and the lead copper wire was also connected, but the miniature bulb was not turned on . Therefore, a polyethylene bag containing 2 L of water was prepared, the side above the hole was aimed, and a hole was made in the bag to spray water. After a while, the light bulb was turned on, and it was confirmed that the three-dimensional network of the present invention has a detection function. After that, when the clay on the side surface was removed and the state of the three-dimensional network was confirmed, a considerable amount of water leakage could be visually observed. Seal again with clay, overlay on the mulch above the hole in the polyethylene sheet above, overlay with an iron plate, and tap the tap water from one end of the solid network sandwiched between the concave polyethylene sheets with a hose. If it is injected vigorously, the water came out from the opposite end with a considerable momentum, so it is estimated that it can be repaired.
[0032]
【The invention's effect】
One of the aspects of the present invention is that the cross section of the three-dimensional network is a pleated shape in which triangles are connected horizontally, and one side of the three-dimensional network is virtually fixed to the upper and lower surfaces of the three-dimensional network. However, since the inside of the mesh body is composed of the walls of the mesh body, and the mesh body is composed of filaments of thermoplastic resin, it is bulky and has excellent air permeability and water permeability. Because it has a very high porosity, it is lightweight, convenient to carry and install to the construction site, and has improved strength compared to conventional products, so it can withstand harder usage conditions than conventional products. It is most suitable as a three-dimensional network for double liner construction, which is a water-blocking structure for a disposal site, and has also been provided with an electric water leakage detection function. The body can be disposed of as waste It can contribute to further improve the safety of.
[Brief description of the drawings]
FIG. 1 is a schematic view of an apparatus for producing a mesh body of the present invention.
FIG. 2 is an enlarged view seen from an oblique upper part of FIG. 1A.
FIG. 3 is a perspective view showing an embodiment 5 of a three-dimensional network according to the present invention.
FIG. 4: Example of mold A: Example used for a three-dimensional network having a pleat cross section B: Mold A engraved flat part
C: Example of a conventional mold However, A and C are examples in which a metal bar is not mounted. FIG. 5 is a perspective view showing an embodiment of a metal bar.
[Explanation of symbols]
DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1 Continuous filament 2 Spinneret 3 Reticulated material with continuous filament fused and bonded on the

mold

4, 14, 16 Mold (however, 14 and 16 are not equipped with metal bar)
5 Three-dimensional network body of the present invention 6 Crimp roll 7 Conductive yarn 8

Planar body

9, 15 Metal bar 10 Conductive tape 11 Flat portion 81 Bonding point between planar body and three-dimensional network body

Claims

A large number of continuous filaments having a thickness of 0.1 to 1.5 mm made of a thermoplastic synthetic resin are superposed in a net shape, and are fused and bonded at the intersections to form a net shape with a thickness of 0.1 to 4 mm. The mesh body is a mat-shaped three-dimensional network body having an irregular thickness in a cross section in the thickness direction, an apparent thickness of 4 to 50 mm, and a large gap formed by the unevenness of the mesh body. And
The three-dimensional network is a pleated shape in a cross section in the thickness direction, and is a pleated shape in which a plurality of continuous ridges and grooves arranged in an orderly parallel manner in the length direction are alternately formed,
Conductive yarns are intermittently arranged in the width direction of the three-dimensional network, the yarns extend in the length direction, and one or a plurality of conductive yarns so as to intersect the yarns. A three-dimensional network characterized by conductivity, in which a flat body is attached to the surface of the three-dimensional network on the side of these yarns.

A continuous heel part in the length direction and an orthogonal heel part are intermittently arranged in the length direction, and a conductive yarn and / or a conductive tape is arranged in the crossed heel part. stereo mesh body according to claim 1, wherein the contacting at least a portion between the conductive yarns are expanded in the direction.

The three-dimensional network according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the conductive yarn is carbon fiber and / or copper wire.

The three-dimensional network according to claim 3 , wherein the conductive yarn is a copper wire coated with a water-soluble resin.

The three-dimensional network body according to any one of claims 1 to 3 , wherein the planar body is a spunbonded nonwoven fabric of polyethylene terephthalate.

A plurality of trapezoidal blocks such that the cross section is slightly cut and removed from the apex of the triangle are arranged on a plane, and the top and bottom sides of the plurality of trapezoids are respectively on the same plane, While moving the mold at a constant speed, a plurality of conductive yarns were fed out from the spool at regular intervals in the width direction and positioned on the mold and / or above the mold and reciprocated in the width direction. After the conductive yarn is fed out from the yarn supply device and intersected with the conductive yarn extending in the length direction, the thickness is made of a thermoplastic synthetic resin from above the conductive yarn and the mold. Is a pleated net that is spun from a large number of continuous filaments of 0.1 to 1.5 mm, and the continuous filaments are superposed in a net shape along the mold and fused and bonded at the intersection. A mat-like shape with a large gap and a thickness of 4 In producing a 50 mm solid network, a crimping roll that is pressed against the mold is mounted at a position where the continuous filament is insufficiently solidified, and a flat body is supplied along with the crimping roll. A method for producing a three-dimensional network characterized by electrical conductivity, wherein the bodies are pressed and integrated.

Before collecting continuous filaments using a metal mold with a metal bar with a thickness of 0.3 to 2 mm and a width of 3 to 50 mm over the entire width at any interval in the length direction of the mold The conductive filament and / or the conductive tape is placed on the metal bar, and then the continuous filament is laminated thereon, and the continuous filament laminated on the metal bar is crimped between the crimping roll and the metal bar. The three-dimensional net-like structure according to claim 6 , wherein the conductive yarn and the conductive tape are integrated with a continuous filament to form an electric signal pickup part and / or a flat belt-like easy-bending part. Body manufacturing method.

The mold is such that one side of the triangular prism is on a plane, the upper part of the ridge line where the triangular prism is not on the plane is cut and removed in parallel in the plane, and the triangular prisms are regularly arranged at regular intervals in the length direction. The method for producing a three-dimensional network according to claim 6 or 7 , wherein the mold is a mold having a predetermined shape.