JP3459198B2 - How to make a structure - Google Patents

Description

Detailed Description of the Invention

[0001]

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention The present invention relates to a method of manufacturing a structure by a friction stir welding method, and is suitable for manufacturing a car body of a railway vehicle, for example.

[0002]

2. Description of the Related Art In the friction stir welding method, a round bar (referred to as a rotary tool) inserted into a joint is rotated and moved along a joint line to heat the joint, soften it, and cause it to plastically flow to solid-phase. It is a method of joining. The rotary tool is composed of a small diameter portion into which the joint portion is inserted and a large diameter portion located outside. The small diameter portion and the large diameter portion are coaxial. The boundary between the small diameter portion and the large diameter portion is slightly inserted in the joint portion. The rotary tool is inclined rearward with respect to the advancing direction of joining.

The body of a railway vehicle is constructed by friction stir welding of a plurality of extruded frame members. The longitudinal direction of the extruded frame member is oriented in the longitudinal direction of the vehicle body. The extruded frame members are arranged in the width direction along the circumferential direction of the vehicle body. An opening such as a window is open on the side surface of the vehicle body thus configured.

This is shown in Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 09-309164 (EP0797043A2).

[0005]

Since the height of one window of the vehicle body is greater than the width of one extruded profile, the window is constructed in two or three extruded profiles. Therefore, the extruded frame members having the notches substantially arranged along the windows are arranged and joined.

This friction stir welding apparatus for a vehicle body comprises a bed on which a plurality of extruded frame members are placed, and a traveling body on which a plurality of rotary tools are suspended. A plurality of rotating bodies are moved by the traveling body so that a plurality of extruded frame members are joined at the same time.

In the case where a plurality of rotary tools hung from the traveling body are simultaneously joined, when the first rotary tool reaches the position of the window, the rotary tool is retracted from the extruded shape member and the friction stir welding is stopped. . Second joining the windowless parts
The rotary tool continues friction stir welding as it is. When the rotary tool moves to the position of the other end of the window, the first rotary tool is inserted into the joining portion and the friction stir welding is restarted.

With the above-mentioned procedure, the first rotary tool is inserted into the joint while moving. Therefore, a bonding defect is likely to occur. Further, since the temperature does not rise at the beginning of friction stir welding, the force for inserting the rotary tool is great. In addition, since it moves while being inserted, an oblique force is generated in the bearing of the rotary tool. As a result, the bearing becomes large and there is a problem of life.

A first object of the present invention is to join a plurality of rows of joining lines at the same time by friction stir welding, and a portion where there is no member to be joined or a portion which does not require friction stir welding and a portion to be joined. When and are mixed, it is intended to obtain good friction stir welding when starting welding again.

A second object of the present invention is to join a plurality of rows of joining lines at the same time by friction stir welding, wherein a portion where no members to be joined are present or a portion where friction stir welding is not necessary and a portion to be joined. When and are mixed, it is to be able to perform bonding in a short time.

[0011]

The first purpose is to insert the rotary tools into the two lines of joining lines to start friction stir welding, and then, at the first position, to rotate one of the rotary tools. The friction stir welding is stopped by retracting from the joint, the one rotary tool continues to move relative to the joint together with the other rotary tool, and then, in the second position, respectively While stopping the movement of the rotary tool of, the other rotary tool is retracted from the joint to stop friction stir welding, then, each of the rotary tools is inserted to a predetermined depth of the joint, then Starting the movement of the respective rotary tools to start friction stir welding,
Can be achieved by

The second purpose is to insert the rotary tools into the two rows of welding lines to start friction stir welding, and then, at the first position, retract one rotary tool from the welding portion. This can be achieved by continuing the relative movement with respect to the joint with the other rotary tool and then inserting the one rotary tool into the joint in the second position.

[0013]

BEST MODE FOR CARRYING OUT THE INVENTION One embodiment of the present invention is shown in FIGS.
Will be described. It is an example of a vehicle as a structure. The vehicle body includes a side structure 201 that forms a side surface, a roof structure 202 that forms a roof, an underframe 203 that forms a floor, and a gable structure 204 that forms an end portion in the longitudinal direction. The side structure 201, the roof structure 202, and the underframe 203 are each configured by joining a plurality of extruded frame members. The longitudinal direction of the extruded frame member is the longitudinal direction of the vehicle body. The extruded profile is made of aluminum alloy.

The side structure 201 is composed of the extruded frame members 10 and 2.
It consists of 0, 30, 40. There is a window 210 in the extruded frame members 20, 30. The entrance 220 of the side structure 201 is in the extruded frame members 10, 20, 30, 40. The frame is often welded to the entrance 220 after the extruded frame members 10, 20, 30, 40 are joined. The same applies to the window 210. Extruded frame members 10, 20, 3 at the entrance 220
0 is cutting off on the way.

The side structure 201 is composed of four extruded frame members, but in the case of a hollow extruded frame member, it is composed of a larger number of extruded frame members. Further, the window 210 may be composed of three extruded frame members. In this case, the extruded shape member at the center is a cut piece.

The structure of the extruded frame member of the side structure 201 will be described. Here, the extruded frame members 20 and 30 will be described. The same applies to the other shape members 10 and 40. The extruded frame members 20 and 30 are hollow frame members. Hollow frame 20, 30
Is a pair of face plates 21, 22, 31, 32, and a plurality of ribs 23 connecting the two and arranged in a truss shape,
33 and 2 at the widthwise end (joint) of the hollow profile
Support plates 24 and 34 connecting two face plates.

At the end portions (joint portions) in the width direction of the face plates 21, 22, 31, 32, convex portions 25, 35 projecting outside the face plates.
Have. At the end of the hollow frame member 30 in the width direction, there are projecting pieces 36, 36 projecting toward the counterpart hollow frame member 20.
The protruding pieces 36, 36 are located between the face plates 21, 22 of the hollow frame member 20. The end portions of the face plates 21 and 22 of the hollow frame member 20 rest on the protruding pieces 36 and 36. The protruding piece 36 is a rotary tool 340.
It becomes a seat that supports the insertion force of.

The protrusions 25 and 35 have the same width. The end surface of the convex portion 35 facing the convex portion 25 is within the width of the thickness of the support plate 34. The rotation axis of the rotary tool 340 of the friction stir welding apparatus 330 is located at the center of the two convex portions 25 and 35.

Extruded frame member 1 constituting the side structure 201
0, 20, 30, and 40 are placed and fixed on the bed 310 of the friction stir welding facility 300. The traveling body 320 travels above the plurality of extruded frame members. The traveling body 320 travels on rails 329 on both sides of the bed 310. Three friction stir welding devices 33 are attached to the girder 321 of the traveling body 320.
0 is hanging. The friction stir welding device 330 suspends a rotary tool 340 at the lower end. Each friction stir welding device 330 is configured to move along the girder 321 and to rotate the rotary tool 3.
The lifting and lowering of 40 and the rotation of the rotary tool 340 can be independently performed.

Each friction stir welding apparatus 330 has an optical sensor. The optical sensor detects the distance to the tops of the convex portions 25 and 35, and sets the insertion amount of the rotary tool 340 to a predetermined value. Further, the sensor detects the widths of the two convex portions 25 and 35 and aligns the axis of the rotary tool 340 with the center thereof.

An extruded frame member 20 provided with a window 210,
The window 30 is provided in advance with a window-shaped opening (notch) at the position of the window. This is provided by cutting the extruded frame members 20 and 30.

The extruded frame members 10, 20, 30 provided with the entrance / exit 220 are cut and arranged at intervals of the entrance / exit. The extruded frame member 40 forming the upper end of the entrance / exit 220 is provided with an opening (notch) substantially in the shape of the entrance / exit in advance. This is provided by cutting the extruded frame member 40.

The cutout of the window 210 will be described. The extruded frame members 20 and 30 are joined to each other in the window 210 at the beginning and end of the joining line. Therefore, the extruded frame members 20 and 30 in the vicinity of the joining line are cut while leaving the pieces 28, 38, 29, and 39 protruding into the window 210.
The width of the pieces 28, 38, 29, 39 is the size having the support plates 24, 34 and the convex portions 25, 35.

The same applies to the notches forming the entrance 220. The extruded frame members 10, 20, 30, 40 are cut while leaving a piece. It should be noted that the side structure 201 also has the pieces at both ends in the longitudinal direction.

The hollow members 10, 20, 30, 40 are placed on a bed 310 and fixed to the bed 310 by a jig. Once fixed, hollow profiles 10, 20, 30, 4
The convex portions 25 and 35 of the 0 abutting portion are temporarily fixed by arc welding along the joining line. The beginning of the joining line,
The extreme ends of the end pieces 28, 38, 29, 39 are temporarily fixed by arc welding. W indicates temporary tack welding. In particular, the temporary tack welding W at the starting end is
This is done on the surface at the end in the longitudinal direction of the hollow shape member. The range of the temporary tack welding W on the endmost surface is the range from the upper surfaces of the convex portions 25 and 35 to the protruding piece 36. The temporary fixing welding W is performed without the V-shaped groove, that is, with the I-shaped groove.

In this state, friction stir welding is started from one end of the hollow shape member in the longitudinal direction. The rotary tool 340 is rotated and lowered into and inserted into the convex portions 25 and 35 of the piece at the start end of the joining line. The insertion position is closer to the terminal end side of the joining line than the position of the temporary tack welding W at the end of the piece. It can be said that the insertion position is the position P4 of the rotary tool 340A in FIG.

The tip of the small diameter portion 341 of the rotary tool 340 is inserted until it reaches the upper surface of the projecting piece 36. Rotating tool 340
The position of the lowermost end of the large diameter portion 342 of the face plates 21, 31 (2
2, 32) between the outer surface and the tops of the protrusions 25, 35.
The position of the axis of the rotary tool 340 is between the two convex portions 25 and 35. The small diameter part 341 and the large diameter part 342 have the same axis. The small diameter part is a screw.

After the insertion into the predetermined depth, the traveling body 320 having the plurality of friction stir welding devices 330 is started toward the other end to start the friction stir welding.

Next, the operation of the friction stir welding apparatus 330 around the window 210 and the entrance 220 will be described with reference to FIGS. Here, the window 210 is targeted. The rotary tool 340 of the joining line having the window 210 is set to "340A", and the window 21
The rotary tool 340 having a joining line without 0 is designated as "340B". The rotary tools 340A and 340B are on the same line. The rotary tools 340A and 340B move from left to right in FIG.

When friction stir welding from the end of the extruded shape member progresses and the rotary tools 340A, 340B reach the position P1 of the pieces 28, 38 of the window 210, the rotary tool 340A is rotated while rotating. With respect to the hollow profile. That is, the rotary tool 340A is raised. Traveling (moving) continues. Therefore, the rotary tool 340A gradually rises. The position P1 is obtained from the traveling amount of the traveling body 320. The position P1 is set in advance.
(Steps S10 and S30) After friction stir welding, the piece 28,
38 cuts. Therefore, when the position P1 is located on the upstream side of the pieces 28 and 38, the joining depth is determined to have no problem in terms of strength.

The rotary tool 340B in the position without the window 210 is not raised. The rotary tool 340B continues to move and continues friction stir welding.

While traveling in this way, the rotary tool 340A
Since the rotary tool 340A is raised, the rotary tool 340A is moved to the hollow shape members 20, 3 without stopping the traveling of the rotary tool 340A, 340B.
Since it can be pulled out (retracted) from 0, the time can be shortened.

When the rotary tool 340A rises to a predetermined position (position P2), the rotation of the rotary tool 340A is stopped. The raised position of the rotary tool 340A is a sufficient height position where it does not interfere with the convex portions 25 and 35. Friction stir welding is stopped when the small diameter portion 341 of the rotary tool 340A is pulled out (retracted) from the convex portions 25 and 35.

When the rotary tools 340A, 340B reach the other end of the window 210, that is, the predetermined position P3 before the pieces 29, 39 at the start ends of the joints, the rotary tools 340B start to move upward (backward). Ascent rate is slow. The traveling of the traveling body 320 continues. Therefore, this rotary tool 340B
The junction depth due to becomes gradually shallower. (Step S50,
S70) When the position P4 in the pieces 29, 39 is reached, the traveling of the traveling body 320 is stopped. At this time, since the rotary tool 340B continues to move upward, the rotary tool 340B completely comes out of the joint. The rising speed of the rotary tool 340B may be increased at the position P4. The position P4 is on the inner side of the temporary fixing weld W. (Steps S90 and S110) The distance from the position P3 to the position P4 is, for example, 50 mm. The amount of rise of the rotary tool 340B between the position P3 and the position P4 is 0.5 mm, for example. This rise reduces the junction depth. The size should not be a problem in terms of strength at the smallest junction depth.

When the rotary tool 340B is pulled out, a hole corresponding to the diameter of the small diameter portion 341 is formed in the joint portion.

Next, at the position P4, all the rotary tools 340A and 340B are lowered while being rotated, and are inserted to a predetermined depth. The insertion amount of the rotary tools 340A and 340B is a steady depth. (Step S130) The rotary tool 340B is inserted into the hole. Rotating tool 34
Since the insertion amount of 0B is the steady depth, it is the insertion depth before the position P3 (the insertion depth before the rise of the rotary tool 340B is started). That is, it is the depth obtained by adding 0.5 mm to the insertion depth before stopping the friction stir welding at the position P4. As a result, the rotary tool 340B is inserted 0.5 mm deeper than the lowermost end of the hole generated when the rotary tool 340B is removed.

In this state, the traveling body 320 starts traveling. The friction stir welding is restarted by the rotary tools 340A and 340B. Friction stir welding with a constant depth is performed.
(Step S150) As described above, the rotary tool 340B is inserted into the hole generated by removing the rotary tool 340B at the position P4, and friction stir welding is performed. For this reason, the hole is
It is buried with 5,35 metals. Furthermore, since the position of the lower end of the inserted rotary tool 340B is lower than the lowermost end of the hole, the lower part of the hole is also sufficiently joined,
Occurrence of defects in this portion can be suppressed. Especially, the rotary tool 3
Since 40B sufficiently stirs below the lowermost end of the hole, it is possible to suppress defects at the center of the lowermost end of the hole. Although there may be a defect at the center of the lowermost end of the hole, the amount of the defect is not large and sufficient bonding can be achieved in terms of strength.

Since the inside of the temporary welded portion W at the ends of the pieces 29, 39 is the insertion position of the rotary tool 240A,
The gap between the joining lines does not spread widely. Therefore, good joining can be performed.

The same applies to the next window 210. Also,
The same goes for raising and lowering the rotary tool 340 at the entrance 220. Note that all the rotary tools 340 do not have to be on the same line.

After joining to the other end in this way, the structure consisting of a plurality of hollow members is inverted and friction stir welding is carried out in the same manner as described above. The convex portion on the outer surface side of the vehicle body is cut to be flush with the face plate.

The following is possible. If the defect cannot be prevented by the insertion depth at the position P4, the insertion is further deepened to thicken the joint portion. Then, after the traveling is started, the rotary tool 340B can be raised at the position P5 (or after a predetermined time). This makes the insertion depth steady. This raising is performed by the height position control function of the rotary tool 340. The height position control function is a function of detecting the height of the convex portions 25 and 35 with a sensor and setting a predetermined insertion amount from the convex portion. As a result, all the rotary tools 340A and 340B are in a steady state.

Further, the following is possible.

Joining is performed up to the position P4 with a steady insertion depth, and the rotary tool 340B is pulled out at the position P4.

Next, at the position P4, the rotary tool 340
Insert A, 340B. The insertion depth of the rotary tool 340A is a steady amount. The insertion amount of the rotary tool 340B is larger than that in the steady state. For example, plus 0.5 mm.

In this state, the rotary tools 340A, 340B
Starts moving (running).

At the position P5 (or after a predetermined time) after the start of traveling, the rotary tool 340B starts to move upward. Ascent rate is slow. The traveling of the traveling body 320 continues. For this reason, the joining depth of the rotary tool 340B gradually decreases. When the rotary tool 340B rises to a predetermined position (the insertion depth before the position P4), the raising is stopped. As a result, all the rotary tools 340A and 340B are in a steady state.

The positions P1, P2, P3 and P4 can be managed according to time.

The rotary tool 340B may be inserted immediately after it is pulled out at the position P4, or after the traveling body 320 has been moved for some reason, the rotary tools 340A and 340B are moved at the position P4.
Can be inserted.

The position P4 where the rotary tool 340B is removed
At the hole created by pulling out the rotary tool 340
Although B is inserted, the rotary tool 340B can be inserted on the upstream side of the position P4. In this case, the insertion amount when inserting the rotary tool 340A again
It can be the same as the insertion amount when performing the joining first.

The technical scope of the present invention is not limited to the wording described in each claim of the claims or the wording described in the section of means for solving a problem, and a person skilled in the art can easily replace it. It extends to a range.

[0051]

According to the first method of the present invention, when a plurality of rows of joining lines are simultaneously friction stir welded, a portion where no members to be welded exist or a portion which does not need to be friction stir welded. In the case where the parts to be joined and the parts to be joined are mixed, good friction stir welding can be obtained when the joining is started again.

According to the second method of the present invention, when a plurality of rows of joining lines are simultaneously friction stir welded, the portion to be welded does not exist or the portion not requiring friction stir welding is joined. When the part to do is mixed,
The joining can be done in a short time.

[Brief description of drawings]

FIG. 1 is an operation explanatory diagram of an embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 2 is a flowchart of an embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 3 is a perspective view of a friction stir welding apparatus according to an embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 4 is a vertical sectional view of a structure.

FIG. 5 is a perspective view of a vehicle body of a railway vehicle.

[Explanation of symbols]

10, 20, 30, 40: Hollow frame members, 201: Side structure,
202: roof structure, 203: underframe, 210: window, 30
0: friction stir welding equipment, 320: running body, 330: friction stir welding apparatus, 340, 340A, 340B: rotary tool

─────────────────────────────────────────────────── ─── Continuation of the front page (72) Inventor Akihiro Sato 7-1-1, Omika-cho, Hitachi-shi, Ibaraki Hitachi Ltd. Hitachi Research Laboratory (56) Reference JP-A-11-33751 (JP, A) Kaihei 10-52772 (JP, A) (58) Fields investigated (Int.Cl. ⁷ , DB name) B23K 20/12

Claims (8)

(57) [Claims] 1. A friction stir welding is started by inserting a rotary tool into each of the two rows of welding lines. Next, at a first position, one rotary tool is retracted from the welding portion and friction stir welding is stopped. Then, the one rotary tool continues the relative movement with respect to the joint portion together with the other rotary tool, and then, in the second position, while stopping the movement of the respective rotary tools, Stop the friction stir welding by retracting the other rotary tool from the joint, then inserting the respective rotary tools to a predetermined depth of the joint, and then starting the movement of the respective rotary tools. And starting the friction stir welding. 2. The method of manufacturing a structure according to claim 1, wherein after the other rotary tool is retracted at the second position, the respective rotary tools are inserted at the second position.
The manufacturing method of the structure, characterized in that 3. The method of manufacturing a structure according to claim 2, wherein the depth at which the other rotary tool is inserted at the second position is the other rotary tool at the time of retracting at the second position. The structure is manufactured by inserting the structure deeper than the insertion depth of the structure. 4. The method of manufacturing a structure according to claim 1, wherein after the other rotary tool is retracted at the second position, the respective rotary tools are inserted at the second position.
The method for manufacturing a structure is characterized in that it is upstream of the position of. 5. A rotary tool is inserted into each of the two lines of welding lines to start friction stir welding. Next, at the first position, one rotary tool is retracted from the welded portion and friction stir welding is stopped. Then, the one rotary tool continues to move relative to the joint together with the other rotary tool, and then, in the second position, the other rotary tool is started to retreat and the retreat is performed. The friction stir welding is continued while performing the following, and then, at the third position, the movement of each of the rotary tools is stopped, and the other rotary tool is retracted from the welded portion to stop the friction stir welding. Next, while inserting the one rotary tool to a predetermined depth of the joint portion, and inserting the other rotary tool deeper than the insertion depth of the other rotary tool when retracting the other rotary tool at the third position, Then each of the above Method of manufacturing a structural body rolling tool the moving start of initiating friction stir welding, wherein. 6. The structure manufacturing method according to claim 5, wherein the insertion depth of the other rotary tool at the third position is the insertion depth at the second position. How to make a body. 7. The friction stir welding is started by inserting the rotary tools respectively into the two lines of welding lines, and then, at the first position, one rotary tool is retracted from the joint to stop the friction stir welding. Then, the one rotary tool continues the relative movement with respect to the joint portion together with the other rotary tool, and then, in the second position, while stopping the movement of the respective rotary tools, The other rotary tool is retracted from the joint to stop the friction stir welding, and then the one rotary tool is inserted to a predetermined depth of the joint while the other rotary tool is placed at the second position. Inserted deeper than the insertion depth of the other rotary tool when retracted, then start the movement of each of the rotary tools to start friction stir welding, and the insertion depth of the other rotary tool The move Method of manufacturing a structural body, characterized in, that the retracting toward the insertion depth of the previous rotary tool to locked. 8. A rotary tool is inserted into each of the two rows of welding lines to start friction stir welding. Next, at the first position, one rotary tool is retracted from the welded portion while the other rotary tool is being retracted. Together with continuing the relative movement with respect to the joint, and then inserting the one rotating tool into the joint at the second position.