JP2000343248A - Production of structural body - Google Patents

Abstract

PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To obtain good friction agitation joining in the case portions not requiring friction agitation joining partially coexist when plural joining lines are simultaneously subjected to friction agitation joining. SOLUTION: There are two joining lines and rotary tools 340A, 340B corresponding to the joining lines. The portions requiring to join two joining lines are simultaneously moved while having the two rotary tools inserted into a joining part. The rotary tool 340A is retreated from the joining part at the position P1 of a window 210 place, friction agitation joining is stopped. At a position P3, by moving the rotary tool 340B while gradually retreating the rotary tool 340B, joining is performed. At a position P4, by stopping the movement of the rotary tools 340A, 340B and retreating the rotary tool 340B, joining is stopped. Next, by inserting the rotary tools 340A, 340B, the movement is resumed. An inserting quantity of the rotary tool 340B is larger than the inserting quantity in the case of stopping the rotary toll movement.

Description

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

[0001]

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention The present invention relates to a method for manufacturing a structure by a friction stir welding method, and is suitable, for example, for manufacturing a vehicle body of a railway vehicle.

[0002]

2. Description of the Related Art In a friction stir welding method, a round bar (referred to as a rotary tool) inserted into a joint is moved along a joining line while rotating, so that the joint is heated, softened, plastically fluidized, and solid-phased. It is a joining method. The rotary tool has a small-diameter portion into which the joint is inserted, and a large-diameter portion located outside. The small diameter part and the large diameter part are coaxial. The boundary between the small diameter portion and the large diameter portion is slightly inserted into the joint. The rotary tool is tilted backward with respect to the direction of joining.

[0003] The body of a railway vehicle is constructed by friction stir welding a plurality of extruded members. The longitudinal direction of the extruded profile is oriented in the longitudinal direction of the vehicle body. The width direction of the extruded members is arranged along the circumferential direction of the vehicle body. An opening such as a window is vacant on the side surface of the vehicle body thus configured.

[0004] This is disclosed in Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 09-309164 (EP0797043A2).

[0005]

Since the height of one window of the vehicle body is greater than the width of one extruded profile, the windows are formed in two or three extruded profiles. For this purpose, extruded profiles provided with cutouts substantially along the windows are arranged and joined.

This friction stir welding apparatus for a vehicle body comprises a bed on which a plurality of extruded members are placed, and a traveling body on which a plurality of rotating tools are suspended. A plurality of rotating bodies are moved by the traveling body, and a plurality of extruded members are simultaneously joined.

In the case of simultaneous joining with a plurality of rotating tools suspended from the traveling body, when the first rotating tool reaches the position of the window, the first rotating tool is retracted from the extruded profile and stops the friction stir welding. . The second to join the parts without windows
The rotary tool continues friction stir welding. When the rotary tool has moved to the position at the other end of the window, the first rotary tool is inserted into the joint and friction stir welding is resumed.

By performing the above, the first rotary tool is inserted into the joint while moving. For this reason, joining defects are likely to occur. Further, since the temperature does not rise at the beginning of the friction stir welding, the force for inserting the rotary tool is great. In addition, since the rotary tool moves while being inserted, an oblique force is generated in the bearing of the rotary tool. For this reason, the bearing becomes large and the problem of the life occurs.

A first object of the present invention is a case where a plurality of rows of welding lines are simultaneously friction stir welded, and a portion having no members to be welded or a portion not requiring friction stir welding and a portion to be welded When the welding is started again, when friction welding is performed, good friction stir welding can be obtained.

A second object of the present invention is to simultaneously join a plurality of rows of welding lines by friction stir welding, in which a portion having no members to be joined or a portion which does not need to be subjected to friction stir welding and a portion to be joined. Is to be able to perform the bonding in a short time when both are mixed.

[0011]

A first object of the present invention is to start friction stir welding by inserting a rotary tool into each of two rows of welding lines, and then, at a first position, to rotate one rotary tool. The friction stir welding is stopped by retreating from the joint, the one rotary tool continues to move relative to the joint with the other rotary tool, and then, at the second position, While stopping the movement of the rotating tool, the other rotating tool is retracted from the joint to stop friction stir welding, and then each of the rotating tools is inserted to a predetermined depth of the joint, Starting the movement of the respective rotary tools to start friction stir welding;
Can be achieved by:

The second object is to start friction stir welding by inserting a rotary tool into each of the two rows of joining lines, and then, at the first position, while retreating one rotary tool from the joint. This can be achieved by continuing the movement relative to the joint with the other rotating tool, and then, in a second position, inserting the one rotating tool into the joint.

[0013]

1 to 5 show an embodiment of the present invention.
This will be described below. It is an example of a vehicle as a structure. The vehicle body includes a side structure 201 forming a side surface, a roof structure 202 forming a roof, an underframe 203 forming a floor, and an end structure 204 forming an end in a longitudinal direction. The side structure 201, the roof structure 202, and the underframe 203 are each formed by joining a plurality of extruded members. The longitudinal direction of the extruded profile is set to the longitudinal direction of the vehicle body. The extruded profile is made of an aluminum alloy.

The side structure 201 includes extruded members 10, 2
It consists of 0, 30, and 40. There is a window 210 in the extruded profiles 20,30. The entrance 220 of the side structure 201 is in the extruded profiles 10, 20, 30, 40. After joining the extruded members 10, 20, 30, and 40 to the entrance 220, the frame is often welded. The window 210 is similar. Extruded profiles 10, 20, 3 at doorway 220
0 is cut off in the middle.

The side structure 201 is composed of four extruded members. In the case of a hollow extruded member, the extruded members are composed of a larger number of extruded members. Also, window 210 may be comprised of three extruded members. In this case, the central extruded section is cut in the middle.

The structure of the extruded member of the side structure 201 will be described. Here, the extruded members 20 and 30 will be described. The same applies to the other profiles 10 and 40. The extruded sections 20, 30 are hollow sections. Hollow profiles 20, 30
Are two face plates 21, 22, 31, 32, and a plurality of ribs 23 for connecting the two,
33 and 2 at the end (joint) in the width direction of the hollow profile.
And support plates 24 and 34 for connecting the two face plates.

Convex portions 25, 35 protruding outside the face plates are provided at ends (joined portions) in the width direction of the face plates 21, 22, 31, 32.
Having. At the end in the width direction of the hollow profile 30, there are protruding pieces 36, 36 protruding toward the other hollow profile 20.
The projecting pieces 36, 36 are interposed between the face plates 21, 22 of the hollow profile 20. The ends of the face plates 21, 22 of the hollow profile 20 rest on the projecting pieces 36, 36. The protruding piece 36 is a rotary tool 340
It becomes a seat that supports the insertion force of

The widths of the convex portions 25 and 35 are the same. The end face of the convex portion 35 facing the convex portion 25 is within the width of the thickness of the support plate 34. The rotation axis of the rotary tool 340 of the friction stir welding device 330 is positioned at the center of the two convex portions 25 and 35.

Extruded profile 1 constituting side structure 201
Reference numerals 0, 20, 30, and 40 are mounted on and fixed to a bed 310 of the friction stir welding apparatus 300. The traveling body 320 travels above the plurality of extruded profiles. The traveling body 320 travels on rails 329 on both sides of the bed 310. The girder 321 of the traveling body 320 has three friction stir welding devices 33.
0 is suspended. The friction stir welding apparatus 330 has a rotating tool 340 suspended from the lower end. Each of the friction stir welding devices 330 is configured to travel along the girder 321 and to rotate the rotary tool 3.
The lifting and lowering of the rotary tool 40 and the rotation of the rotary tool 340 can be performed independently.

Each of the friction stir welding apparatuses 330 has an optical sensor. The optical sensor detects the distance to the tops of the projections 25 and 35 and sets the insertion amount of the rotary tool 340 to a predetermined value. Further, the sensor detects the width of the two convex portions 25 and 35, and makes the axis of the rotary tool 340 coincide with the center thereof.

The extruded profile 20 in which the window 210 is provided,
An opening (notch) substantially in the shape of a window is provided in advance at the position of the window in the window 30. This is provided by cutting the extruded members 20, 30.

The extruded members 10, 20, 30 provided with the entrance 220 are cut and arranged at intervals of the entrance. The extruded profile 40 constituting the upper end of the entrance 220 is provided with an opening (notch) substantially in the shape of the entrance in advance. This is provided by cutting the extruded profile 40.

The notch of the window 210 will be described. The joint between the extruded members 20 and 30 has a start and end of a joint line in the window 210. For this reason, the extruded members 20 and 30 near the joining line are cut while leaving pieces 28, 38, 29 and 39 protruding into the window 210.
The width of the pieces 28, 38, 29, 39 is a size having the support plates 24, 34 and the convex portions 25, 35.

The same applies to the notch forming the entrance 220. Extruded sections 10, 20, 30, and 40 are cut leaving pieces. The above-mentioned pieces are also provided at both ends of the side structure 201 in the longitudinal direction.

The hollow members 10, 20, 30, and 40 are placed on a bed 310 and fixed to the bed 310 with a jig. Once fixed, hollow profiles 10, 20, 30, 4
The protrusions 25 and 35 of the 0 butt portion are temporarily fixed intermittently along the joining line by arc welding. The beginning of the joining line,
The extreme ends of the end pieces 28, 38, 29, 39 are temporarily fixed by arc welding. W indicates temporary fixing welding. In particular, the temporary fixing welding W at the starting end is formed on the upper surfaces of the convex portions 25 and 35,
It is performed on the surface at the end of the hollow profile in the longitudinal direction. The range of the temporary welding W on the endmost surface is a range from the upper surfaces of the convex portions 25 and 35 to the protruding pieces 36. The temporary fixing welding W is performed without providing a V-shaped groove, that is, an I-shaped groove.

In this state, friction stir welding is started from one longitudinal end of the hollow member. The rotating tools 340 are lowered and inserted into the convex portions 25 and 35 at the start end of the joining line while rotating. The insertion position is closer to the end of the joining line than the position of the temporary welding W at the end of the piece. It can be said that the insertion position is the position P4 of the rotary tool 340A in FIG.

The tip of the small diameter portion 341 of the rotary tool 340 is inserted until it reaches the upper surface of the projecting piece 36. Rotary tool 340
The lowermost position of the large diameter portion 342 of each of the face plates 21 and 31 (2
2, 32) and the tops of the projections 25, 35.
The position of the axis of the rotary tool 340 is between the two convex portions 25 and 35. The axes of the small diameter portion 341 and the large diameter portion 342 are the same. The small diameter part is a screw.

After the insertion at a predetermined depth, the traveling body 320 having the plurality of friction stir welding devices 330 is started to travel toward the other end, and friction stir welding is performed.

Next, the operation of the friction stir welding apparatus 330 around the window 210 and the entrance 220 will be described with reference to FIGS. Here, the window 210 is targeted. The rotary tool 340 of the joining line where the window 210 is located is set to “340A”,
The rotary tool 340 of the joining line without “0” is “340B”. The rotary tools 340A, 340B are collinear. The rotary tools 340A and 340B move from left to right in FIG.

When the friction stir welding from the end of the extruded profile advances and the rotary tools 340A and 340B reach the positions P1 of the pieces 28 and 38 of the window 210, the rotary tool 340A is rotated while rotating the rotary tool 340A. With respect to the hollow profile. That is, the rotary tool 340A is raised. Traveling (moving) is continuing. Therefore, the rotary tool 340A gradually rises. The position P1 is obtained based on the traveling amount of the traveling body 320. The position P1 is determined in advance.
(Steps S10, S30) After friction stir welding, the piece 28,
38 cuts. For this reason, when the position P1 is on the upstream side of the pieces 28 and 38, the joining depth is a position where there is no problem in terms of strength.

The rotary tool 340B at the position without the window 210 is not raised. The rotary tool 340B continues to move, and continues friction stir welding.

While traveling in this manner, the rotary tool 340A
, The running of the rotary tools 340A and 340B is not stopped, and the rotary tools 340A are
Since it is possible to remove (evacuate) from zero, the time can be reduced.

When the rotary tool 340A rises to a predetermined position (position P2), the rotation of the rotary tool 340A is stopped. The ascending position of the rotary tool 340A is a height position that does not interfere with the convex portions 25 and 35. The friction stir welding stops when the small diameter portion 341 of the rotary tool 340A is pulled out (retracted) from the convex portions 25 and 35.

When the rotary tools 340A and 340B reach the other end of the window 210, that is, the predetermined position P3 just before the pieces 29 and 39 at the start of the joint, the rotary tool 340B starts to move up (retreat). The climb speed is slow. Traveling of the traveling body 320 is continued. Therefore, this rotary tool 340B
The junction depth gradually becomes shallower. (Step S50,
S70) When reaching the position P4 in the pieces 29 and 39, the traveling of the traveling body 320 is stopped. At this time, since the rotating tool 340B continues to rise, the rotating tool 340B completely comes out of the joint. At the position P4, the rising speed of the rotary tool 340B may be increased. The position P4 is inside the temporarily fixed welded portion W. (Steps S90, S110) The distance from the position P3 to the position P4 is, for example, 50 mm. The rising amount of the rotary tool 340B between the position P3 and the position P4 is, for example, 0.5 mm. This rise reduces the junction depth. At a minimum joining depth, a size that does not matter in strength is used.

When the rotary tool 340B is pulled out, a hole corresponding to the diameter of the small diameter portion 341 is formed at the joint.

Next, at the position P4, all the rotary tools 340A and 340B are lowered while rotating, and inserted to a predetermined depth. The insertion amount of the rotary tools 340A and 340B is a steady depth. (Step S130) The rotary tool 340B is inserted into the hole. Rotary tool 34
Since the insertion amount of 0B is the steady depth, it is the insertion depth before the position P3 (the insertion depth before starting to raise the rotary tool 340B). That is, the insertion depth is 0.5 mm greater than the insertion depth before stopping the friction stir welding at the position P4. Thus, the rotary tool 340B is inserted 0.5 mm deeper than the lowermost end of the hole generated when the rotary tool 340B is pulled out.

In this state, the traveling of the traveling body 320 is started. The friction stir welding is restarted by the rotary tools 340A and 340B. A constant depth of friction stir welding is performed.
(Step S150) As described above, the rotary tool 340B is inserted into the hole generated by removing the rotary tool 340B at the position P4, and friction stir welding is performed. For this reason, the above-mentioned hole is
It is buried using 5, 35 metals. Furthermore, since the position of the lower end of the inserted rotary tool 340B is lower than the lowermost end of the hole, the lower portion of the hole is also sufficiently joined,
The occurrence of defects in this portion can be suppressed. In particular, rotating tools 3
In the case of 40B, the lower part of the hole is sufficiently stirred below the lowermost end thereof, so that the defect at the center of the lowermost end of the hole can be suppressed. In some cases, a defect may be formed at the center of the lowermost end of the hole. However, the amount of the defect is not large, and sufficient bonding in strength can be achieved.

Since the inner side of the temporary welding portion W at the ends of the pieces 29 and 39 is set as the insertion position of the rotary tool 240A,
The distance between the joining lines does not widen significantly. For this reason, good joining can be performed.

The same applies to the next window 210. Also,
The same applies to the raising and lowering of the rotary tool 340 at the entrance 220. Note that not all rotating tools 340 need be on the same line.

After joining to the other end in this way, the structure composed of a plurality of hollow members is inverted, and friction stir welding is performed in the same manner as described above. The convex portion on the outer surface side of the vehicle body is cut to be flush with the face plate.

The following can be performed. If the defect cannot be prevented at the insertion depth at the position P4, the insertion is made deeper to increase the thickness of the joint. Then, at the position P5 (or after a predetermined time) after the start of traveling, the rotating tool 340B can be raised. This results in a steady insertion depth. This raising is performed by the height position control function of the rotary tool 340. The height position control function is a function of detecting the height of the projections 25 and 35 with a sensor and setting the insertion amount from the projections to a predetermined value. Thereby, all the rotary tools 340A and 340B enter a steady state.

The following can be performed.

Joining is performed at a constant insertion depth up to the position P4, and the rotary tool 340B is pulled out at the position P4.

Next, at the position P4, the rotary tool 340
A, 340B are inserted. The insertion depth of the rotary tool 340A is a steady amount. The insertion amount of the rotary tool 340B is larger than in the steady state. For example, it is plus 0.5 mm.

In this state, the rotary tools 340A, 340B
Starts moving (running).

After the start of traveling, at the position P5 (or after a predetermined time), the ascent of the rotary tool 340B is started. The climb speed is slow. Traveling of the traveling body 320 is continued. Therefore, the joining depth of the rotary tool 340B gradually decreases. When the rotary tool 340B rises to a predetermined position (the insertion depth before the position P4), the rising is stopped. Thereby, all the rotary tools 340A and 340B enter a steady state.

The positions P1, P2, P3 and P4 can be managed by time.

The rotary tool 340B may be inserted immediately after being removed at the position P4, or the rotary tool 340A, 340B may be inserted at the position P4 after running the traveling body 320 for some reason.
Can be inserted.

The position P4 where the rotary tool 340B is removed
In the above, the rotary tool 340
Although B is inserted, the rotary tool 340B can be inserted upstream of the position P4. In this case, the insertion amount when the rotary tool 340A is inserted again may be the same as the insertion amount when the joining is performed first.

The technical scope of the present invention is not limited to the language described in each claim or the language described in the section for solving the problem, and is easily replaced by those skilled in the art. It extends to a range.

[0051]

According to the first method of the present invention, when a plurality of rows of welding lines are simultaneously subjected to friction stir welding, a portion where no member is to be welded or a portion where friction stir welding is not required is performed. When the joining is started again when a part to be joined and a part to be joined are mixed, good friction stir welding can be obtained.

According to the second method of the present invention, when a plurality of rows of welding lines are simultaneously subjected to friction stir welding, a portion having no members to be welded or a portion not requiring friction stir welding is used. And the mixed part,
The joining can be performed in a short time.

[Brief description of the drawings]

FIG. 1 is an operation explanatory diagram of one embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 2 is a flowchart of one embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 3 is a perspective view of a friction stir welding apparatus according to one embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 4 is a longitudinal sectional view of the structure.

FIG. 5 is a perspective view of a vehicle body of a railway vehicle.

[Explanation of symbols]

10, 20, 30, 40: hollow member, 201: side structure,
202: roof structure, 203: underframe, 210: window, 30
0: friction stir welding equipment, 320: traveling body, 330: friction stir welding apparatus, 340, 340A, 340B: rotary tool

 ──────────────────────────────────────────────────続 き Continuing on the front page (72) Inventor Kazunari Fukuyoro 794, Higashi-Toyoi, Kazamatsu-shi, Yamaguchi Prefecture Inside Kasado Machinery Co., Ltd. (72) Inventor Akihiro Sato 7-1, Omika-cho, Hitachi, Ibaraki No. 1 F term in Hitachi Research Laboratory, Hitachi, Ltd. (reference) 4E067 AA05 BG00 BG02 DA13 DA17 EB00

Claims (8)

[Claims] 1. A friction stir welding is started by inserting a rotary tool into each of two rows of joining lines, and then, at a first position, one of the rotating tools is retracted from the joining portion to stop the friction stir welding. Then, the one rotating tool continues to move relative to the joint with the other rotating tool, and then, at the second position, stops the movement of each of the rotating tools, The other rotary tool is retracted from the joint to stop the friction stir welding. Next, the respective rotary tools are inserted to a predetermined depth of the joint, and then the movement of the respective rotary tools is started. And starting the friction stir welding. 2. The method for manufacturing a structure according to claim 1, wherein after said second rotary tool is retracted at said second position, said second rotary tool is inserted at said second position.
A method for producing a structure. 3. The method of manufacturing a structure according to claim 2, wherein the depth of insertion of the other rotary tool at the second position is equal to the other rotary tool at the time of retracting at the second position. A method of manufacturing a structure, wherein the structure is inserted deeper than the insertion depth. 4. The method for manufacturing a structure according to claim 1, wherein after the other rotary tool is retracted at the second position, the respective rotary tools are inserted at the second position.
A method of manufacturing a structure, wherein the structure is located upstream of the position. 5. A friction stir welding is started by inserting a rotary tool into each of the two rows of joining lines, and then, at a first position, one of the rotating tools is retracted from the joint to stop the friction stir welding. Then, the one rotary tool continues to move relative to the joint with the other rotary tool, and then, at a second position, starts retreating the other rotary tool, Then, at the third position, the movement of the respective rotary tools is stopped, and the other rotary tool is retracted from the welding portion to stop the friction stir welding at the third position. Next, while inserting the one rotary tool to a predetermined depth of the joint, and inserting the other rotary tool deeper than the insertion depth of the other rotary tool when retracting at the third position, Next, each of the above Method of manufacturing a structural body rolling tool the moving start of initiating friction stir welding, wherein. 6. The structure manufacturing method according to claim 5, wherein an insertion depth of said other rotary tool at said third position is an insertion depth at said second position. How to make the body. 7. A friction stir welding is started by inserting a rotary tool into each of the two rows of welding lines, and then, at a first position, one of the rotary tools is retracted from the welding portion to stop the friction stir welding. Then, the one rotating tool continues to move relative to the joint with the other rotating tool, and then, at the second position, stops the movement of each of the rotating tools, The other rotary tool is retracted from the joint to stop friction stir welding. Next, the one rotary tool is inserted to a predetermined depth of the joint, and the other rotary tool is moved to the third position. Inserting deeper than the insertion depth of the other rotary tool when retracting, and then starting the movement of each of the rotary tools to start friction stir welding, and inserting the other rotary tool into the insertion depth Stop the movement Retracting the rotary tool toward the insertion depth of the rotary tool before stopping. 8. A friction stir welding is started by inserting a rotary tool into each of the two rows of welding lines, and then, at a first position, one rotary tool is retracted from a welding portion while the other rotary tool is retracted. And causing the one of the rotary tools to be inserted into the joint at a second position at the second position.