JP3453129B2 - Water purification promoter and water purification method and purification system using this purification promoter - Google Patents

Description

Detailed Description of the Invention

[0001]

TECHNICAL FIELD The present invention relates to a method for contact purification of water by bivalve shells such as oysters and pearl oysters, and an activated sludge method, which promotes purification of water by contacting with microorganisms in the filter medium. The present invention relates to a purification accelerator, and a method and system for purifying water using the purification accelerator.

[0002]

2. Description of the Related Art Conventionally, the activated sludge method has been widely used for the treatment of domestic wastewater, rivers and lakes, but the activated sludge method causes a large amount of sludge after the treatment to cause a bulking phenomenon. The treatment is complicated, it may be difficult to deal with the fluctuation of the inflow of wastewater and the fluctuation of the BOD concentration, the maintenance of the activity and the maintenance of the equipment are troublesome, and it is difficult to use it for both seawater and freshwater. There are problems such as being. Therefore, in order to solve the above problems, the inventor of the present application has previously filed a patent application for an invention relating to an oyster shell contact purification method and an oyster shell contact purification apparatus (Japanese Patent Application No. 62-7).
1768).

According to the oyster shell contact purification method according to the above-mentioned patent application, the problems associated with the activated sludge method are almost solved. However, when the purification apparatus for microbial treatment such as the activated sludge method and the oyster shell contact purification method is first operated, the period until the microbial group exhibits the purification action, that is, the period until the purification apparatus is started up is generally 3 It takes 6 months to 6 months or more, and untreated water is discharged during this period, which is wasteful. In particular, in the case of a large treatment tank, many years of experience are required for so-called seeding of microorganisms. ,
Since there are many negative effects such as leaving the work to some experienced persons and specialists and causing a delay in the construction period, we will develop a method that can more easily seed and shorten the time until the equipment starts up. Was requested.

[0004]

Therefore, as a result of further studies, the present inventor has found that the ability to purify oyster shells and the like is derived from microorganisms inhabiting the adherents on the surface of oyster shells and the like. , Microorganisms such as bacteria contained in this adhered substance enter a dormant state when dried under a certain condition, and when the dormant microorganisms are put into an eutrophication solution, they are revived and contained in the filter medium. The inventors of the present invention have reached the present invention by finding that they have a function of activating a microbial group. INDUSTRIAL APPLICABILITY The present invention can greatly shorten the start-up period until the purifying action is exhibited when the purifying apparatus for microbial treatment such as the activated sludge method and the oyster shell contact purification method is operated for the first time, and can be applied to shells such as oysters. To provide a water purification accelerator having a sterilizing effect on bacteria such as Escherichia coli, and a water purification method and a purification system using the purification accelerator by promoting the original purification ability of the attached microorganism group. With the goal.

[0005]

[Means for Solving the Problems] In order to solve the above-mentioned problems, the present invention is directed to the surface of the shell of a bivalve shell consisting of one or two or more species of bivalves selected from the group consisting of oysters and pearl oysters. A purification agent for water, comprising a mixture of a powder of the adhering matter in which the microorganisms are in a dormant state by drying the adhering matter containing the microorganisms and an inorganic powder (claim 1). ).

In order to solve the above-mentioned problems, the present invention provides a microorganism attached to the surface of the shell of a bivalve shell consisting of one or two or more species of bivalve selected from the group consisting of oysters and pearl oysters. A powder of the deposit in which the microorganisms are put into a dormant state by drying the deposit containing the substance, an inorganic powder, humic acid and / or fulvic acid, iron and / or a compound of iron, and seaweed A water purification accelerator comprising a mixture of a nutrient source and the nutrient source (claim 2).

In order to solve the above-mentioned problems, according to the present invention, the above-mentioned inorganic powder is bentonite powder, montmorillonite powder, dolomite powder, diatomaceous earth powder, kaolin powder and any of these substantially the same components. It is preferable that the water purification accelerator is composed of any one kind or two or more kinds selected from the group of soil powder consisting of (3).

In order to solve the above-mentioned problems, according to the present invention, the mixing ratio of the deposit containing the microorganisms and the inorganic powder is 0.1: 99.9 to 10:90 by weight. It is preferable that the water purification promoter is characterized in that (claim 4).

In order to solve the above-mentioned problems, the present invention provides a method for purifying water by microorganisms, such as an activated sludge method or a contact purification method using a shell filter medium containing oyster shells. The purified purification agent is dispersed in water in advance into a treatment tank, and the purification accelerator is brought into contact with the activated sludge or the shell filter medium, and raw water such as sewage is fed to the activated sludge or the shell filter medium. It is preferable to use a water purification method characterized in that the water is brought into contact with and purified.

In order to solve the above-mentioned problems, the present invention provides the purification accelerator as described above with respect to the treated water in an amount of 10 to 100.
It is preferable that the water purification method is characterized in that 0 ppm is added (claim 6).

In order to solve the above-mentioned problems, the present invention is a high-concentration sewage purification system that occurs in the processing of aquatic foods, which comprises pretreatment means for removing contaminants mixed in water and oysters. A charging means for charging the purification accelerator described in any one of the above into a treatment tank filled with a shell filter medium containing a shell, and aeration of raw water such as sewage by blowing air into the treatment tank, A water purification system provided with a filtering means for bringing raw water such as sewage into contact with and purifying the shell filter medium while bringing a purification accelerator into contact with the shell filter medium, and a sludge separation means for separating sludge from water and removing the sludge. It is preferable to do so (claim 7).

In order to solve the above problems, the present invention is a water purification system for rivers, lakes and marshes, in which the purification accelerator described in any one of the above is added to the water for rivers, lakes and marshes. In a treatment tank filled with a shell filter medium containing oyster shells, a filtering means for passing water containing the oyster shell purification promoter in a state of being in contact with the shell filter medium, and the treatment tank It is preferable that the water purification system is provided with a discharge means that circulates a part of the water that has passed through the inside of the treatment tank and circulates it, and discharges the remaining water into a river or lake. 8).

[0013]

The mechanism of the purification promoting action of the water purification promoting agent according to the present invention is not always clear, but in the purification promoting agent, microorganisms attached to the surface of shells such as oysters and pearl oysters are dried. It exists in a clay-like powder in a dormant state. In the activated sludge method and the contact purification method using a shell filter medium containing oyster shells, when the purification accelerator is added to the purification treatment tank, the dormant microorganism groups are revived, and these microorganism groups themselves are sewage. While exhibiting the action of precipitating the organic matter contained in to purify the sewage, activate the microbial group that contributes to the purification contained in the activated sludge or shell filter medium, this activated microbial group is chained to other filter medium By successively activating the contained microorganisms, it is possible to significantly shorten the start-up time until the purifying action is exhibited when the above-mentioned septic tank for microbial treatment is operated for the first time, and to promote the purifying ability. It is thought that.

Further, in a purification promoter containing humic acid and / or fulvic acid, iron and / or an iron compound, and a nutrient source containing seaweed, the above-mentioned microbial groups in a dormant state are resuscitated when they are revived. Prey on nutrients such as seaweed to promote revitalization of microbial communities, and as a result of humic acid, fulvic acid or soluble iron fulvic acid being taken into the cells of microorganisms, it reduces nutrients such as nitrates. Since it has the effect of facilitating the absorption of nutrients and activating the microorganisms, it has the effect of more actively activating the microorganisms in the purification accelerator and the microorganisms in other filter media.

Clay-like powders such as bentonite powder, montmorillonite powder, dolomite powder, diatomaceous earth powder, and kaolin powder are porous bodies and have a PH value close to neutral, so they adhere to the surface of oyster shells and the like. It is possible to immobilize the microorganisms in a dormant state by incorporating a powder made of a deposit containing microorganisms into the porous body. Further, the clay-like powder, especially bentonite powder, etc., contains water and significantly swells in water, and in a dry state, it has an effect of blocking water to microorganisms, while in water, water is contained therein. It is considered that by taking up and precipitating the organic matter contained in the water, it has an auxiliary effect of reviving the dormant microorganisms.

Further, if the mixing ratio of the deposits containing microorganisms in the purification accelerator is too large, a slight water condition in the dormant state during drying causes resuscitation and lacks stability. If the ratio is too small, the efficiency of purification promotion during resuscitation decreases, so the mixing ratio is 0.1: 9 by weight.
It is preferably 9.9 to 10:90. In addition, the shell surface such as oyster shells is inhabited by a wide variety of aerobic and anaerobic microbial groups, and therefore has a well-balanced purification action.

[0017]

BEST MODE FOR CARRYING OUT THE INVENTION Next, embodiments of the present invention will be described below. First, oysters, which are the raw material of the purification promoter according to the embodiment of the present invention, are a general term for bivalve molluscs of the family Itapidae, and there are types such as oysters, velvet oysters, and oyster oysters, and the surface of the shell is a thin plate-shaped growth pulse. Is developing. In addition, pearl oysters are a type of bivalve that is said to have often been found in Akoya-no-ura (an ancient place name near Handa City, Aichi Prefecture) in the past. The shell surface is covered with mica-shaped shell pieces, and cultured pearls It is considered to be a mother oyster and is widely distributed south of central Honshu. The surface of the shell of bivalve such as the above-mentioned oysters and pearl oysters is covered with micaceous shell pieces, where microorganisms that are said to be involved in the purification of water such as solar insects, denitrifying bacteria, and general bacteria inhabit. There is.

Next, a method for producing the purification accelerator according to the embodiment of the present invention will be described below. First, the shells such as the oysters and pearl oysters are dried in the shade for 1 week to several weeks. When exposed to sunlight, microorganisms that inhabit the surface of the shell may be affected by ultraviolet rays and die at about 80 ° C. or higher, so it is preferable to dry in the shade. After drying, the deposits containing the microorganisms on the shell surface are removed, and the collected deposits are sieved to obtain a powder. This powder is bentonite powder, montmorillonite powder, dolomite powder, diatomaceous earth powder, kaolin powder or other clay-like powder or porous powder such as zeolite, the mixing ratio of the above-mentioned adherent and inorganic powder is a weight ratio. 0.1: 99.9
A desired purification accelerator is obtained by stirring and mixing with a blender or the like so that the ratio becomes 10:90.

The above-mentioned bentonite or montmorillonite is a hydrous layered silicate that is crystallized by volcanic ash deposited on the seabed or lakebed and subjected to geothermal heat, geopressure and diagenesis of seawater, and is said to be a kind of smectite clay. Bentonite crystals have a three-layer structure in which octahedra are inserted between tetrahedra and tetrahedra, and in water, water molecules enter between the layers and swell, and the volume swells from several times to several ten times. Dolomite (white dolomite (CaCO ₃ · MgCO) for the bentonite
₃ )), diatomaceous earth (SiO ₂ · Fe ₂ O ₃ · Al)
₂ O ₃ ), kaolin (kaolinite (Al ₂ O ₃ .2S
iO ₂ .2H ₂ O)) is a sedimentary rock, and in particular, kaolin is a layered silicate like bentonite, but it hardly swells with water, but has a function of including water.

Further, humic acid and fulvic acid are obtained by separating them from humic substances, and in particular, fulvic acid binds iron and is easily dissolved in water, and has an action of activating microorganisms. As a nutrient source containing seaweeds, for example, dry kelp powder is preferably added and mixed. In addition to this, it is preferable to add and mix iron and iron compounds, for example, fine powder of ferric chloride, and humic substances such as deciduous tree powder may also be added and mixed.

The purification accelerator obtained as described above is
Under dry conditions, microorganisms can be stored semi-permanently in a dormant state in a cool and dark place. Then, the purification accelerator obtained in the above is dissolved in neutral water, and the purification accelerator is put into a septic tank using a shell filter medium so as to be in a ratio of about 10 to 1000 ppm with respect to treated water, thereby giving a dormancy. The above-mentioned microorganisms in the state are revived to activate the microorganism groups of the shell filter medium and promote the purifying action. Oyster shell filter material is 3
From the viewpoint of yield, it is preferable to use shells that have been grown for a year. The oyster shell filter medium is preferably filled in 50% or more of the volume of the septic tank.

The above-mentioned purification accelerator is, for example, 5 in terms of BOD.
000-6000 mg / l in high-concentration eutrophication liquid (sewage) or n-hexane of animal and vegetable oils 200-600 mg /
It can be revived without any problems in the solution of 1 and exerts its activation ability.
In the purification treatment of water using the purification accelerator of the present invention, the effect may vary depending on the type of raw water to be purified and the purification equipment, but normally the BOD (biochemical oxygen demand) is about 80-99%, COD (chemical oxygen demand) is about 60-90%, total nitrogen (TN) is about 20-
80%, total phosphorus (TP) can be reduced by about 30 to 65%, and E. coli can be reduced by about 90 to 95%. In particular, since Escherichia coli can be significantly reduced, it satisfies the discharge standard of 3000 MPN per ml in public water bodies required for ordinary purification equipment, and chlorine sterilization is unnecessary.

Further, not to mention fresh water, the above-mentioned function does not deteriorate even in a solution having a salt content three times or more that of seawater. Furthermore, the rise time until the purification performance is exhibited when the septic tank for microbial treatment is operated for the first time requires 3 to 6 months or more in the conventional method that does not use the purification accelerator. It was found that when the purification accelerator according to the embodiment is used, the microorganism group of the filter medium exerts a purification action within 24 to 48 hours, and the quality of treated water reaches the design value.

[0024]

[Examples] Examples for producing the purification accelerators described in the embodiments of the present invention and usage examples in which the purification accelerators are put into a septic tank using a shell filter medium and used are described below with reference to the drawings. Explain.

Example (Preparation of Purification Accelerator) Sifted powder of dried deposits containing dormant microorganisms adhering to the surface of oysters and pearl oyster shells 0.1 to 10
Parts by weight, humic acid 0.1 to 1.0 parts by weight, fulvic acid 0.
1 to 1.0 parts by weight, nutrient source containing seaweed (kelp powder)
Stir 0.1 to 1.0 parts by weight, iron, iron compound (ferric chloride powder) 0.05 to 1.0 parts by weight, inorganic powder (montmorillonite powder) 99.9 to 90 parts by weight The mixture was stirred and mixed in a vessel for 10 minutes to obtain the desired purification promoter.

Example of Use 1 FIG. 1 is an explanatory view illustrating a purification system of salty high-concentration sewage generated in processing of seafood. In the figure, 1a
Is a purification system, in which the raw water 10 is temporarily stored in a water tank 11, and the raw water 10 is passed through a screen or a filter 12 to mix oil and foreign matters 26 in the raw water.
Means for removing water, aeration means for guiding the water after pretreatment to the storage tank 13 and blowing air from the diffuser holes 14, and water after aeration through the flowmeter 21 for oyster shells and shellfish containing pearl oysters It is led to the shell touch tank 16 filled with the filter medium 15, and in the shell touch tank 16, the water-containing liquid 1 of the above-mentioned purification accelerator.
7, charging means for blowing air from the lower air diffuser 14 to bring the purification filter or water into contact with the shell filter medium 15, and a sludge extraction pipe 19 at the bottom of the separation tank 18 for converting sludge 20 into water. It comprises a sludge separating means for separating and withdrawing, and a discharge means 23. The residence time for contacting water with the shell filter medium 15 was about 12 hours.

[0027]

[Table 1]

Table 1 shows the results of water quality inspection of 4 points of treated water obtained by experimenting with the high-concentration wastewater purification system described in the above-mentioned Use Example 1 by four companies involved in fisheries and food processing. Is displayed. The emission standards in the table are the permissible limits specified by the Prime Minister's Ordinance, and the numbers below this column indicate the average removal rate for each item (the same applies below). From this table, BOD
Shows a removal rate of 97.7 to 98.7% (average removal rate of 98.1).
%), Both of which have cleared the emission standard of 120 mg / l and are stable. COD has a removal rate of 37.5 to 95.6% (average removal rate of 72.2%), and all the points clear the standard value.
Shows a removal rate of 42.1 to 98.9% (average removal rate of 73.4).
%), All points clear the standard value. N hexane is
The removal rate is extremely high at 98%. Escherichia coli has one data, but the removal rate is 86%, which satisfies the emission standard of 3000 MPN / 1 ml in public water bodies required for ordinary purification equipment, and chlorine-based sterilization is unnecessary. In addition, it was confirmed that all of the above four use examples exhibited the cleaning action shown in Table 1 in the 1- to 2-day break-in operation. On the other hand, the comparative example that did not use the purification accelerator required a startup period of 6 months or more.

Example 2 of Use FIG. 2 illustrates an experimental apparatus of a water purification system system provided in Heijo, Miso-cho, Minamiuwa-gun, Ehime Prefecture, with the assistance of the Ehime Prefectural Citizens' Environment Department, assuming natural rivers and lakes. It is a thing. In the figure, 1b is a purification system,
A 170 cm long, 160 cm wide, and 90 cm deep box is divided into a plurality of boxes, through which water meanders and passes through, and each has a shell filter material 15 consisting of oyster shells and pearl oysters from Ehime prefecture. In the filled treatment tank 22, the water is pumped from the lake or river 24 by the pump 26, and the charging means for charging the water containing liquid 17 of the purification promoter and the water passing through the shell filter medium in contact with the charging means. A filtering means, a circulation means 25 for returning a part (about 20% of the whole) of the water that has passed through the treatment tank 22 to the previous stage of the treatment tank, and a discharge means for discharging the residual water to rivers, lakes and marshes. 23, and.

The residence time of contacting the filter medium with water was 5 to 6 hours. In addition, the fish for bioassay was allowed to swim in the treatment tank 22 so that the safety of the treated water could be confirmed. The purification accelerator is added once when the purifying device is started up, and thereafter, the microorganisms adhering to the oyster shell of the filter medium exert a purifying action, and when the oyster shell is depleted, additional supplementation is required. Good.

[0031]

[Table 2]

Table 2 shows the treated water obtained by testing the purification system described in Use Example 2 from September 2000 to the end of February 2001, and treating the treated water by the Ehime Prefectural Environmental Bureau. This is a display of the results of water quality inspection over time requested by the Ehime Prefectural Health and Hygiene Association. From this table, BOD (Biochemical Oxygen Demand) is 75-95% removal rate except 1 point
(Average removal rate 88%), COD (chemical oxygen demand) except for one point, removal rate 62-76% (average removal rate 70.5
%), SS (suspended substance) removal rate 75-99% (average removal rate 92%), total nitrogen (TN) removal rate 12-55%
(Average removal rate 33%), total phosphorus (TP) removal rate 11-
43% (average removal rate 26%), E. coli removal rate 82-9
9.9% (average removal rate 93%), general bacteria removal rate 86
It was ˜99.9% (average removal rate 96%), and extremely good results were obtained. It goes without saying that the above figures satisfy the national standards for discharge of public water bodies.

Since the removal rate of Escherichia coli and general bacteria is high, it is not necessary to use a chlorine-based bactericide. Since the removal rate of SS is high, the generation of Cryptosporidium can be suppressed. BO
It is considered that the final removal rate of D and COD is low because the function of microorganisms is deteriorated because the water temperature is lowered to 10 ° C or lower. In addition, it was confirmed that, in the above-mentioned usage example 2, the cleaning action shown in Table 2 was exhibited in the 1- to 2-day break-in operation.
On the other hand, the comparative example by another experiment which did not use the purification accelerator required a startup period of 6 months or more.

[0034]

EFFECTS OF THE INVENTION The water purification accelerator according to the present invention, having the above-mentioned constitution, has a purification action when the purification apparatus for microbial treatment such as the activated sludge method and the oyster shell contact purification method is operated for the first time. Not only can the start-up period until it takes effect be drastically shortened, but it also contributes to the original purifying ability of the microbial group that adheres to shells such as oysters, and also has a sterilizing effect against bacteria such as Escherichia coli. Applying the food chain of microorganisms and adhering organisms without promoting benign microorganisms by using these chemical substances, promoting and improving the self-cleaning effect in the natural world, creating fertile soil, cleaning rivers and sea areas Turn into. It is effective in both seawater, rivers that are freshwater, and brackish water areas where river water enters (sea areas where seawater and freshwater are mixed). In addition, once the purification device has been started up, it takes time and effort for maintenance. Is almost unnecessary and has an extremely economically excellent effect.

[Brief description of drawings]

FIG. 1 is an explanatory diagram exemplifying a purification system for highly-concentrated sewage generated in processing of seafood, etc. according to Use Example 1.

FIG. 2 (a) is a vertical cross-sectional view illustrating a water purification system using an experimental device assuming natural rivers and lakes according to Use Example 2, and FIG. 2 (b) is a plan view of a treatment tank. is there.

[Explanation of symbols]

1a, 1b: Water purification system, 10: Raw water, 11: Water tank, 12: Screen or filter, 13: Storage tank, 14: Air diffuser hole, 15: Shell filter material, 16: Shell touch tank, 17: Purification accelerator Water-containing liquid, 18: separation tank, 1
9: sludge drawing pipe, 20: sludge, 21: flow meter, 22: treatment tank, 23: discharge means, 24: river, 25: circulation means,
26: Foreign matter, 26: Pump

─────────────────────────────────────────────────── ─── Continuation of front page (51) Int.Cl. ⁷ identification code FI C12N 11/14 C12N 11/14 (58) Fields investigated (Int.Cl. ⁷ , DB name) C02F 3/00 C02F 3/06 C02F 3/12

Claims (8)

(57) [Claims] 1. A diapause state of microorganisms by drying a deposit containing microorganisms attached to the surface of a bivalve shell of one or two or more species of bivalve selected from the group consisting of oysters and pearl oysters. A water purification accelerator, comprising a mixture of the powder of the adhered substance as described above and an inorganic powder. 2. A dormant state of microorganisms by drying a deposit containing microorganisms attached to the surface of a bivalve shell of one or two or more species of bivalve selected from the group consisting of oysters and pearl oysters. The powder of the adhered substance,
A water purification accelerator comprising a mixture of an inorganic powder, humic acid and / or fulvic acid, iron and / or an iron compound, and a nutrient source containing seaweed. 3. The inorganic powder is any one selected from the group consisting of bentonite powder, montmorillonite powder, dolomite powder, diatomaceous earth powder, kaolin powder, and soil powder consisting essentially of the same components as any of these. Alternatively, the water purification accelerator according to claim 1, comprising two or more species. 4. The purification of water according to claim 1, wherein the mixing ratio of the deposit containing the microorganism and the inorganic powder is 0.1: 99.9 to 10:90 by weight. Accelerator. 5. A method for purifying water by microorganisms, such as an activated sludge method or a contact purification method using a shell filter medium containing oyster shells, wherein the purification accelerator according to any one of claims 1 to 4 is previously added to water. The dispersion is put into a treatment tank, and a purification accelerator is brought into contact with the activated sludge or the shell filter medium, and raw water such as sewage is passed through the activated sludge or the shell filter medium for purification. How to purify water. 6. The purified water is added to the treated water in an amount of 10 to 10.
The method for purifying water according to claim 5, wherein 1000 ppm is added. 7. A high-concentration sewage purification system generated in the processing of aquatic foods, the pretreatment means for removing contaminants mixed in water, and a treatment tank filled with a shell filter medium containing oyster shells. Item 1. A charging means for charging the purification accelerator described in any one of 1 to 4 and aeration of raw water such as sewage by blowing air into the treatment tank and bringing the purification filter into contact with the shell filter medium. A water purification system comprising: a filtration means for bringing raw water such as sewage into contact with the shell filter medium to purify it, and a sludge separation means for separating and removing sludge from water. 8. A water purification system for rivers, lakes and marshes, which includes an oyster shell for charging the water for rivers, lakes and marshes with the purification promoter according to any one of claims 1 to 4. In a treatment tank filled with a shell filter medium, a filtering means for passing water containing the oyster shell purification promoter in a state of being in contact with the shell filter medium, and a part of the water passing through the treatment tank. A water purification system equipped with a discharge means that circulates it back to the previous stage of the treatment tank and discharges the remaining water to rivers and lakes.