JP3442666B2 - End forming method and apparatus for tube material - Google Patents

Description

Detailed Description of the Invention

[0001]

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention The present invention relates to a method and apparatus for forming an end portion of a pipe material, and more particularly, an end portion formed by spinning a reduced diameter portion having an eccentric shaft on the end portion of a cylindrical metal pipe material. The present invention relates to a molding method and an end molding device.

[0002]

2. Description of the Related Art As an end forming method for forming a reduced diameter portion at an end of a cylindrical metal pipe material (hereinafter referred to as a pipe material),
For example, it is disclosed in JP-A-3-226327. According to the publication, the tube material is supported by a chuck, is driven to rotate about the axis of the tube material, and the processing roller is coaxially moved to reduce the diameter to perform spinning processing. It is configured to form a diameter portion.

The spinning process is generally used for forming a shell-shaped body from a plate material, but the spinning process is also used as a means for forming a flange and a neck portion on a tube material. For example, US Pat. 45638
No. 87. In addition, recently patent No. 2
As described in Japanese Patent No. 534530, there is also proposed a drawing control method for a spinning machine using a computer.

[0004]

By the way, there is a demand for offsetting (eccentricity) the reduced diameter portion formed at the end of the tube material with respect to the main body. For example, when the metal pipe is used as an outer cylinder of a silencer for an automobile, it is required to form a reduced diameter portion having an eccentric shaft at the end of the metal pipe in order to improve mountability. Further, when used as a container of a catalytic converter, it is required to form a reduced diameter portion having an eccentric shaft at the end of the container so as to be arranged close to the engine.

However, in the conventional forming method by spinning, only the reduced diameter portion coaxial with the main body portion is formed with respect to the pipe material, and the reduced diameter portion having the eccentric shaft can be formed at the end portion of the pipe material. is not. Therefore, in the manufacture of the pipe body such as the above-mentioned pipe or container, usually, a method is used in which the portions corresponding to the main body portion and the reduced diameter portion are respectively formed by press working and these are joined by welding or the like. However, since the tubular body formed by such a method cannot be expected to have the strength as much as that of integral molding, and requires different work such as joining,
It is difficult to manufacture, let alone the spinning process using a computer as described in the above publication is not desirable. For this reason, an increase in manufacturing cost is inevitable as compared with the coaxial pipe body formed by the spinning process.

Therefore, the present invention has an object to provide a method and apparatus for forming an end portion of a pipe material, by which a reduced diameter portion having an eccentric shaft can be easily and appropriately formed at the end portion of the pipe material by spinning. To do.

[0007]

In order to solve the above-mentioned problems, the method for forming an end portion of a tube material according to the present invention is characterized in that, as described in claim 1, when the tube material is formed on the surface including the axis, A main shaft is arranged parallel to the main shaft, a roller is supported so as to be movable in the radial direction with respect to the main shaft, and the tube material is supported so that the roller contacts the end of the tube material. And the tube material is driven so that the tube material and the roller move relatively to each other in parallel to the main axis, and the roller material is substantially always in contact with the outer peripheral surface of the end portion of the tube material. The roller is driven in the radial direction toward an eccentric shaft that is eccentric from the shaft of the tube material by a predetermined distance, and the roller material and the tube material are relatively rotationally driven to perform spinning on the tube material. A reduced diameter portion centered on the eccentric shaft may be formed at the end of the It is obtained by the.

In the method for forming an end portion of the tube material, as described in claim 2, a rotary shaft for relative rotational drive of the roller and the tube material from the axis of the tube material to the eccentric axis. Is set to be asymptotic in a plurality of cycles, and the roller and the tube material are relatively rotationally driven in each cycle, and the tube material is subjected to spinning processing.

Further, in the method for forming an end portion of a pipe material according to a second aspect, as described in the third aspect, the roller has a constant distance from the outer diameter of the pipe material to the eccentric shaft. The roller may be driven in the radial direction so as to always pass through each cycle, and the roller and the tube material may be relatively rotationally driven to perform the spinning process on the tube material.

Further, in the method for forming an end portion of a pipe material according to claim 3, as described in claim 4, the outer diameter of the pipe material and the target outer diameter of the reduced diameter portion of the pipe material The difference between
When the diameter reduction processing limit for the tube material is exceeded, the rotation axis of the relative rotation drive of the roller and the tube material is coaxial until the diameter reduction processing limit is within the diameter reduction processing limit, and the roller and the tube material are relatively moved. The tube material may be rotationally driven to perform the spinning process.

Further, the tube material end forming apparatus of the present invention is
In an end forming device for spinning an end of a pipe material as set forth in claim 5, a main shaft arranged parallel to the axis of the pipe material on a plane including the axis, and the main shaft. And a roller that supports the tube material so as to be movable in the radial direction and that abuts against the end of the tube material, and the tube material and the roller relatively move in parallel to the axis of the tube material and the main axis. The first drive means for driving at least one of the tube material and the roller, and the shaft of the tube material in a state where the roller is substantially always in contact with the outer peripheral surface of the end portion of the tube material. The roller in a radial direction toward an eccentric shaft that is eccentric by a predetermined distance from the roller, and the roller is rotationally driven about the main shaft relative to the tube material to perform spinning processing on the tube material. The second drive means For example, the second drive means and the first
The driving means is controlled to form a reduced diameter portion around the eccentric shaft at the end of the tube material. The first driving means is any one of a mechanism that drives the roller with respect to the tube material, a mechanism that drives the tube material with respect to the roller, and a mechanism that drives both the tube material and the roller. be able to.

In the apparatus for forming an end portion of the pipe material, as described in claim 6, the first drive means is configured so as to gradually approach in a plurality of cycles from the axis of the pipe material to the eccentric axis. The second driving means may be configured to rotate the roller about the main shaft relative to the tube material with respect to the tube material in each cycle to perform spinning processing on the tube material. .

Further, in the end forming device for a pipe material according to a sixth aspect, as described in the seventh aspect, a distance from the outer diameter of the pipe material to the eccentric shaft by the first driving means. At least one of the tube material and the roller is driven to relatively move the tube material and the roller so that the roller always passes a certain position in each cycle. The driving means may be configured to rotate the roller about the main shaft to perform spinning on the tube material.

Further, in the pipe material end forming apparatus according to claim 7, as described in claim 8, the first driving means sets an outer diameter of the pipe material and a target of the pipe material. When the difference between the outer diameter of the reduced diameter portion and the outer diameter of the reduced diameter portion exceeds the diameter reduction processing limit for the tube material, the tube is made so that the axis of the tube material and the main axis are coaxial until the diameter reduction processing limit is reached. At least one of the material and the roller is driven to relatively move the tube material and the roller, and the second driving means rotationally drives the roller around the main shaft to form the tube material. Alternatively, the spinning process may be performed.

It is to be noted that, in the pipe material end forming apparatus according to a fifth aspect, as described in the ninth aspect, a plurality of the rollers are provided, and the second driving means includes the plurality of the rollers. It is possible to drive the rollers so as to be close to the main shaft in the radial direction, and to rotationally drive the plurality of rollers about the main shaft to perform the spinning process on the pipe material.

Furthermore, in the end forming device for a pipe material according to a fifth aspect, as described in the tenth aspect, the pipe material and the roller are opposed to each other along a vertical axis orthogonal to the axis of the pipe material. It may be provided with a third drive means for driving at least one of the tube material and the roller so as to move dynamically. The positional relationship between the tube material and the roller can be adjusted by the third drive means so that the tube material and the roller relatively move on a plane including the axis of the tube material and the main shaft. it can.

[0017]

BEST MODE FOR CARRYING OUT THE INVENTION An embodiment of a method and apparatus for forming an end portion of a pipe material having the above-mentioned structure will be described with reference to the drawings.
1 to 3 show a spinning apparatus according to an embodiment of an apparatus for forming an end portion of a pipe material, in which an end portion of the pipe material is formed as shown by a solid line in FIG. 5, and a final product is, for example, an automobile. It is supplied to an outer cylinder (not shown) of a silencer for use, or a container (not shown) of a catalytic converter. In the present embodiment, the pipe material to be processed is a stainless steel pipe, but the present invention is not limited to this, and other metal pipes may be used.

1 to 3 show the structure of a spinning machine according to an embodiment of the present invention, in which a base 1 is provided with a first drive mechanism 2 as a first drive means of the present invention. A second drive mechanism 3 as a second drive means is configured.
First, the first drive mechanism 2 will be described. A pair of X-axis guide rails 5 are arranged in parallel with one side of the base 1 so that the axis Xt of the tube material 4 as a member to be processed becomes the X-axis. It is fixed to the right side of FIGS. 2 and 3, and the housing 20 is movably arranged along the X-axis guide rail 5.
The ball socket 7 is fixed to the lower part of the housing 20,
A screw shaft 8 screwed onto this is arranged on the base 1 in parallel with the X-axis guide rail 5, and is rotatably supported by a servomotor 9. Thus, when the screw shaft 8 is rotationally driven by the servomotor 9, the housing 20 is configured to move along the X axis.

On the other hand, a base 1a is formed on the other side of the base 1 (left side in FIGS. 2 and 3), and a pair of Y-axis guide rails 10 orthogonal to the X-axis guide rails 5 are provided on the base 1a. It is fixed to. A pair of sliders 11 are movably arranged on the Y-axis guide rails 10, and a clamp device 12 is supported on the sliders 11. The clamp device 12 includes a lower clamp 13 fixed to the slider 11 and an upper clamp 17 that is arranged above the lower clamp 13 and holds the tube material 4 between the lower clamp 13 and the lower clamp 13.
A ball socket 14 is fixed to the lower portion of the lower clamp 13, and a screw shaft 15 screwed to the ball socket 14 is arranged on the housing 20 in parallel with the Y-axis guide rail 10 and can be rotated by a servo motor 16. Supported by. Then, when the screw shaft 15 is rotationally driven by the servo motor 16, the clamp device 12 is configured to move along the Y axis with respect to the housing 20.

As a driving means, for example, a hydraulically driven cylinder 18 is arranged above the upper clamp 17 to support the upper clamp 17 so that the upper clamp 17 can be moved up and down. When the tube material 4 is attached or detached, the upper clamp 1 is mounted.
7 is driven upward. Then, a semi-cylindrical clamp surface 13a is formed on the upper surface of the lower clamp 13, and a semi-cylindrical clamp surface 17a is also formed on the lower surface of the upper clamp 17, and a pipe is provided between these clamp surfaces 13a, 17a. When the material 4 is clamped, it is held immovably and unrotatably. In addition, a stopper 19 is provided on the opposite side of the clamp device 12 from the housing 20,
The tube material 4 is arranged so that one end thereof abuts on the stopper 19. The stopper 19 is attached to the lower clamp 13 so as to be movable together with the clamp device 12.
If the stopper 19 is configured to be positionally adjustable in the X-axis direction with respect to the lower clamp 13, the tubular material 4 can be properly and easily positioned in the axial direction.

After the pipe material 4 is arranged on the clamp surface 13a of the lower clamp 13 so that one end thereof abuts on the stopper 19, the upper clamp 17 is driven downward by the hydraulic cylinder 18. Then, the tube material 4 is held at a predetermined position between the upper clamp 17 and the lower clamp 13. At this time, as shown in FIG. 2, the axis Xt of the tube material 4 is located on the same plane (at the same height from the base 1) parallel to the base 1 as to the axis Xr of the main shaft 21 described later. Has been done.

Next, the second drive mechanism 3 will be described. On the right side of FIGS. 2 and 3, the main shaft 21 is located on the same plane parallel to the base 1 with respect to the axis Xt of the pipe blank 4, It is arranged so as to face the tube material 4, and is supported by the housing 20 so as to be rotatable around its axis Xr. The main shaft 21 is connected to a motor 22 serving as a rotation driving means via a belt 23, and is rotationally driven by the motor 22. A rotary member 24 is fixed to the end of the main shaft 21 on the side facing the tube material 4, and the rotary member 24 is configured to rotate about the axis Xr when the main shaft 21 is rotationally driven. As is apparent from FIG. 2, the rotary member 24 is formed in a bottomed tubular shape, and the main shaft 21 is fixed to the center of the bottom portion thereof.

A pair of cylinders 25 having a rod 25a are housed in the housing 20, and are supported by the housing 20 via brackets 25b. Each cylinder 25 is arranged such that the rod 25a slides in parallel with the axis Xr of the main shaft 21, and the rod 25a is configured to move in and out by hydraulic pressure, compressed air, etc. supplied into the cylinder 25. . An annular plate-shaped pressing member 26 is fixed to the tips of the rods 25a, and is arranged so as to approach and separate from the tube material 4 in accordance with the sliding operation of the rod 25a in the rotating member 24. Has been done. Pressing member 2
A tapered surface 26a is formed on the inner side of the front end portion of 6 to expand outward.

As shown in FIG. 4, a plurality of (three in this embodiment) supporting members 27 are provided on the rotating member 24.
4 are arranged at equal intervals in the circumferential direction, are supported so as to be movable parallel to the main shaft 21, and are also supported so as to be movable radially (radially) about the axis of the main shaft 21. A taper surface 27 a that contacts the taper surface 26 a of the pressing member 26 is formed inside the rotary member 24 of each support member 27. A roller 28 is attached to the tip of each support member 27, and is rotatably supported by the support member 27. Further, a means (for example, a spring 29 schematically shown in FIG. 2) that constantly urges each support member 27 toward the outer peripheral side of the rotating member 24 is provided.

Then, the pressing member 2 is moved by the cylinder 25.
6 is driven forward (to the left in FIG. 2), the tapered surface 26
The support members 27, and thus the rollers 28, which are connected via a and 27a, are configured to move in the radial direction toward the axis Xr of the main shaft 21. On the other hand, the pressing member 2
When 6 is driven backward (to the right in FIG. 2), each roller 28
Are configured to move radially outward.

It should be noted that the number of rollers 28 may be one instead of plural, but it is desirable to use a plurality of rollers to reduce the intermittent impact. Further, the roller 28 does not necessarily have to move linearly in the radial direction, and any moving path may be used as long as it can be displaced in the radial direction. The roller 28 may be driven by a screw type or a lever type instead of the cylinder 25.
Other means may be used.

The motors 9, 16, 22 and the cylinder 1
Each of the driving means 8 and 25 is electrically connected to the controller CT shown in FIG. 1, and a control signal is output from the controller CT to each driving means to be numerically controlled. As shown in FIG. 1, the controller CT includes a microprocessor MP, a memory ME, an input interface IT and an output interface OT which are connected to each other via a bus bar. The microprocessor MP executes the spinning processing program of the present embodiment, and the memory ME is configured to store this program and temporarily store the variable data necessary for the execution.

The input device IP is for inputting initial conditions, operating conditions and the like of each driving means to the microprocessor MP by manual input operation of a keyboard or the like, and is connected to the input interface IT. Further, various sensors (not shown) are provided as needed, and detection signals of these are supplied to the controller CT, and the microprocessor MP is supplied from the input interface IT via the amplifier circuit AD and the like.
Is configured to be input to. On the other hand, the output interface OT is configured to output a control signal to each drive means of the motors 9, 16, 22 and the cylinders 18, 25 via the drive circuits AC1 to AC5.
Instead of the controller CT, a control circuit may be provided for each device to individually perform predetermined control.

The simplest method for reducing the diameter of the end portion of the pipe material that can be performed by the spinning device having the above-described structure is as shown in FIG.
The tube material 40 so that the axis Xr of the main shaft 21 is located at a point eccentric from the axis Xt of
There is a method of moving 0 to rotate each roller 28 around the axis Xr and move the rollers 28 in the radial direction toward the axis Xr. At this time, in order to keep the diameter reduction processing within the limit,
The spinning process may be performed in a plurality of process cycles as indicated by the chain line in FIG.

However, in the processing method shown in FIG. 15, the spinning process is performed with the rollers 28 constantly pressed against the reduced diameter portion 400d of the pipe material 400 (consisting of the tapered portion 400b and the neck portion 400c). not,
It will be pressed intermittently. That is, in the third machining in FIG. 15, the roller makes contact only with the upper arc portion connecting the points s and t, and the roller runs idle without making contact with the lower arc portion. In other words, approximately half of the locus of the roller does not contribute to the processing of the tube material 400, so the processing efficiency is low. Further, for example, when the roller rotates clockwise as shown in FIG. 15, the pipe material 400 collides with the pipe material 400 at the point s when shifting from idle running to machining, so that the pipe material 400
And, impact is applied to both of the rollers 28, and intermittent vibration and noise are generated. This is not so problematic when the amount of eccentricity is small, but when it is necessary to increase the amount of eccentricity, it is not preferable in terms of processing accuracy and maintenance of the apparatus. Therefore, in this embodiment, the state shown in FIG. 15 is avoided and the spinning process is performed as follows.

First, the basic concept of one embodiment of the method for reducing the diameter of the end portion of the tube material by the above spinning device will be described with reference to FIG. The thick solid line in FIG. 6 shows the outer shape assuming the processed pipe material 4, and the main body (body) 4a.
And a taper portion 4b and a neck portion 4c forming a reduced diameter portion are shown. First, the position where the processing length (L1) is retracted from the tip of the tube material 4 is set as the processing start point O1. When the taper portion 4b is machined, the eccentricity amount (H) is divided into a predetermined number N of machining cycles (five in the example of FIG. 6), and the eccentric direction movement amount per cycle during this period, that is, Y The axial movement amount (S1) is set. Although the movement amount (S1) is equally divided in this embodiment, the division ratio may be changed according to the required processing method. For example, it is possible to increase the amount of movement between cycles at the beginning of processing to shorten the processing time, or to reduce the amount of movement between cycles at the end of processing to improve finishing accuracy. Similarly, regarding the axial length, the taper length (LT) is the number of processing cycles N
It is divided by (5 times), and the movement amount (X1) in the X-axis direction per cycle during this period is set.

In FIG. 6, D is the main body portion 4a of the tube material 4.
, RD is the minimum diameter of the tapered portion 4b and represents the diameter of the neck portion 4c. Further, V1 represents the amount of diameter reduction on the side with a large amount of processing, and V2 represents the amount of diameter reduction on the side with a small amount of processing. And
CY1 to CY5 represent processing cycles. The number of processing cycles N is set appropriately in consideration of the diameter reduction processing limit of the pipe material 4, but in the present embodiment, the movement amount per cycle needs to be set to a value that does not exceed the diameter reduction processing limit of the pipe material 4. There is. This diameter reduction processing limit is a limit at which plastic processing cannot be properly performed due to the material of the pipe material 4, and if diameter reduction processing is performed beyond this, material thinning and damage may occur. become. Incidentally, another measure when the movement amount per cycle exceeds the diameter reduction processing limit of the pipe material 4 will be described later.

2, the pipe material 4 to be machined is placed on the clamp surface 13a of the lower clamp 13 while the upper clamp 17 is raised, and the stopper 1
The cylinder 18 is driven at a predetermined position where the cylinder 18 is in contact with the cylinder 18. As a result, the upper clamp 17 descends and the tube material 4
Is clamped between the lower clamp 13 and the upper clamp 17, and is held in a non-rotatable state. At this time, tube material 4
The axis Xt is positioned so as to be coaxial with the axis Xr of the main shaft 21. Further, the pressing member 26 is at the retracted position to the right of the position shown in FIG. 2, and the rollers 28 are retracted outside the outer diameter of the tube material 4.

Next, the screw shaft 8 is rotationally driven by the servo motor 9, and the housing 20 is driven forward along the X-axis guide rail 5 (moved to the left in FIGS. 2 and 3), and the tube material 4 is moved.
The rollers 28 are stopped in a state in which each roller 28 is positioned at a point retracted from the tip of the processing length (L1 in FIG. 6). In other words, each roller 28 is located at the processing start point O1 in FIG. 6, and this position is set to the original position.

Then, the screw shaft 1 is moved by the servo motor 16.
5 is rotationally driven, the clamp device 12 is driven along the Y-axis guide rail 10 (moved downward in FIG. 3), and the pipe material 4 is moved by the eccentric direction movement amount per cycle (S1), Y
It is stopped at the position moved in the axial direction. At this time, the movement amount (S) of the axis Xt of the tube material 4 with respect to the axis Xr of the main shaft 21.
It is also possible to set the position that is moved in the Y-axis direction by 1) as the original position of the tube material 4.

From this state, the rotary member 24 is rotationally driven by the motor 22, the pressing member 26 is forwardly driven by the cylinder 25, and each roller 28 is driven in the center (axis Xr) direction of the rotary member 24. At the same time, the screw shaft 8 is rotationally driven by the servomotor 9, and the housing 20
As a result, each roller 28 is driven backward along the X-axis guide rail 5 (moved to the right in FIGS. 2 and 3). As a result, each roller 28 is rotated by itself while being pressed against the outer peripheral surface of the tube material 4, and the main shaft 21 is rotated about the axis Xr.
While rotating around, it is driven in the radial direction in the direction of the axis Xr and spinning is performed.

In this case, until each roller 28 moves a movement amount (X1) from the machining start point O1, and until each roller 28 moves a predetermined amount, the axis X which is the rotation axis of the roller 28.
Since r is relatively offset (eccentric) with respect to the axis Xt of the tube material 4 by the amount of movement (S1), when the end of the tube material 4 is plastically deformed by spinning, (C of FIG.
As shown in Y1), a truncated cone-shaped taper portion 4b ₁ centered on an axis eccentric by S1 with respect to the axis Xt of the main body portion 4a.
Is formed.

When each roller 28 is driven further backward beyond the movement amount (X1), each roller 28 is held in that state (position moved by a predetermined amount). Therefore,
By the backward drive of each roller 28, the tip end portion of the tube material 4 is plastically deformed, and a cylindrical shape centered on an axis eccentric by S1 with respect to the axis Xt of the main body portion 4a is continuous with the minimum diameter portion of the taper portion 4b ₁ . The neck 4c ₁ is formed. After that, the tube material 4 and the roller 28 are driven to return to the original position, one reciprocating movement is made one cycle along with the forward path of the diameter reducing operation, and the spinning process of the first cycle (CY1) is completed. In the present embodiment, for the sake of convenience of explanation, only the diameter reducing operation in the forward pass has been described. However, similar processing is performed in the backward pass as well, and it is set to perform spinning in both passes in one cycle. If so, the processing efficiency becomes good. Further, in consideration of energy efficiency and tact time, the roller 28 is set to continuously rotate without being stopped in each cycle.

After the first cycle (CY1) spinning process is completed and each roller 28 is driven to return to its original position, the second cycle (CY2) spinning process is performed.
That is, the screw shaft 8 is rotationally driven by the servo motor 9, the housing 20 (each roller 28) is driven forward, and each roller 28 is positioned at a position retracted from the tip of the tube material 4 by the processing length (L1-X1). The state is stopped. At the same time, the screw shaft 15 is rotationally driven by the servo motor 16, the clamp device 12 is driven along the Y-axis guide rail 10, and the tube material 4 is stopped at the position moved by the movement amount (2 · S1) in the Y-axis direction. To be done. From this state, the rotating member 24 is rotationally driven, the pressing member 26 is forwardly driven, the rollers 28 are radially driven in the direction of the axis Xr, and the rollers 28 are retracted along the X-axis guide rails 5. Driven.

As a result, as described above, the rollers 28 are radially driven in the direction of the axis Xr while being pressed against the outer peripheral surface of the tube material 4, and the spinning process is performed. In this case, until each roller 28 moves a predetermined amount (twice (2 · X1) of the first cycle (CY1)) from the machining start point O1, the axis Xr of the rotation axis of each roller 28 is the pipe material. Since it is eccentric by the amount of movement (2 · S1) with respect to the axis Xt of 4, the end portion of the tube material 4 that has been spin-processed is
A taper portion and a neck portion are formed around an axis that is eccentric by 2 · S1 with respect to the axis Xt of a. Thus, in the present embodiment, when the same steps as described above are repeated three more times, as shown in (CY5) of FIG. 7, the tapered portion 4b having the eccentric axis is formed.
The reduced diameter portion 4d including the neck portion 4c and the neck portion 4c is formed at the end of the tube material 4.

Next, the overall operation of the spinning machine having the above construction will be specifically described. 6 and 7 described above.
The spinning process described with reference to Controller C
This is performed by T based on the flowcharts of FIGS. First, in step 101, the input device IP
Various basic data are input by. Specifically, the diameter (D) of the tube material 4, the minimum diameter of the target reduced diameter portion 4d, that is, the diameter of the neck portion 4c (RD), the target reduced diameter portion 4
Eccentricity of d (H), machining length (L1), taper length (L
T) and the processing amount (P) per time are input. The processing length (L1) is the axial length of the portion where the spinning process is performed, that is, the taper portion 4b and the neck portion 4c of the tube material 4, and the taper length (LT) is the axial length of the taper portion 4b. The machining amount (P) per operation represents the axial length when performing the spinning process in one cycle, and is set to a value that does not exceed the diameter reduction machining limit.

Then, in step 102, intermediate processing is performed, and then finishing processing is performed in step 103. The intermediate processing and finishing processing will be described later with reference to FIGS. 9 and 10. Then, in step 104, each member is driven to return to the original position, and in step 105, the memory ME is cleared and the process ends.

The intermediate processing of step 102 is processed based on the flowchart shown in FIG. First, in steps 201 and 202, the diameter reduction amounts on the side with a large amount of processing and the side with a small amount of processing are calculated respectively. As is clear from FIG. 6, the diameter reduction amount (V1) on the side with a large amount of processing is the sum of the radius of the tube material 4 and the eccentricity amount H (D / 2 + H) and the minimum radius of the diameter reduction portion 4d (RD / 2). The diameter reduction amount (V2) on the side with the smaller amount of processing is a value obtained by subtracting the diameter reduction amount (V1) on the side with the larger amount of processing from the total diameter reduction amount (D-RD). Then, the process proceeds to step 203, where the number of machining cycles of spinning (hereinafter referred to as the number of machining) is calculated based on the diameter reduction amount (V1) on the side with the larger amount of machining. That is, the diameter reduction amount (V1) is divided by the machining amount (P) input in step 101, and the quotient is converted into an integer (N = INT (N)) by rounding up to obtain the number of machining operations (N). ) Is said.

Further, this processing frequency (N) and step 1
On the basis of the machining target eccentricity amount (H) input in 01, the eccentric direction movement amount (S1) per operation is calculated in step 204. That is, the amount of movement for one cycle when the tube material 4 is moved in the Y-axis direction with the spindle 21 as the starting point is obtained. Subsequently, in step 205, as a nesting process, the diameter reduction amount per time (V1 / N and V2 /
N) are U1 and T1, respectively.

Then, step 206 to step 21
In step 1, one cycle of spinning is performed, and in step 212, the counter value (C = 1 to N) is (N-1).
Steps 206 to 211 are repeated until the number of times reaches. That is, after the spinning process is repeated (N-1) times, the process proceeds to step 213 and the intermediate process ends. In step 206, Y of the tube material 4 is calculated based on the eccentric direction movement amount (S1) obtained in step 204.
The current movement amount when moving in the axial direction is obtained (S1
・ C). Further, in step 207, the movement amount in the X-axis direction per cycle (X
Based on 1), the current movement amount (X1 · C) when each roller 28 moves in the X-axis direction is obtained.

The radial position of the roller 28 is calculated in step 208 based on the diameter (D) of the tube material 4 input in step 101 and T1 and U1 calculated in step 205. That is, the movement amount (D−) when the roller 28 is radially driven toward the main shaft 21 (axis Xr) with the outer peripheral surface of the main body portion 4a of the tube material 4 as a starting point.
U1 · C−T1 · C) is required. Then step 2
At 09, the current movement amount (L1−X1 · C) when the roller 28 moves in the X axis direction is obtained. Based on these calculation results, the pipe material 4 and the roller 28 are moved in step 210, and the roller 28 is rotationally driven around the main shaft 21 to perform one spinning process. Then, in step 211, the roller 28 is rotated. Return to original position. Then, in step 212, the value (C) of the counter is compared with the predetermined number of times (N-1), and the processes of steps 206 to 211 are repeated until the value reaches the predetermined number of times (N-1). When it is determined that the counter value (C) has reached the predetermined number (N-1), the intermediate processing is completed in step 213, and the process returns to the main routine of FIG.

On the other hand, the finishing process performed in step 103 is processed based on the flowchart shown in FIG. First, in step 301, step 101
The eccentricity amount (H) of the processing target entered at is Y of the pipe material 4.
It is set as the position on the axis, and the movement amount (X1.
N) is set. Further, in step 303, the diameter (RD) of the processing target of the reduced diameter portion 4d is set as the radial position of the roller 28, and in step 304, the movement amount when the roller 28 moves in the X-axis direction. (L1-X1
N) is required. Based on these calculation results, the pipe blank 4 and the roller 28 are moved in step 305, and the roller 28 is rotationally driven around the main shaft 21 to perform the final spinning process. Return to position. Then, step 3
At 07, the processing of the final diameter (RD) is completed, and the process returns to the main routine of FIG.

According to this embodiment, the roller 28 is always in contact with the surface of the pipe material 4 to be machined a plurality of times, so that a smooth machined surface can be obtained. The thickness reduction and uneven thickness of the part are minimized, and the desired strength is secured. In addition, since the processing is easy, the overall processing limit is improved. Therefore, it is possible to form a reduced diameter portion having a larger amount of eccentricity and a reduced diameter ratio as compared with the embodiment of FIG. Moreover, since the load on the roller 28 and the like does not become excessive, the working operation can be performed smoothly and quietly. When the diameter reduction amount (V2) on the side with a small amount of processing exceeds the diameter reduction processing limit by one spinning process, the diameter reduction amount on the side with a small amount of processing is the diameter reduction processing limit by one spinning process. The spinning process is performed as described above until it does not exceed the limit, and after the diameter reduction limit is not exceeded, the process is performed in the same manner as the embodiment shown in FIG. 11 described later. Good.

FIG. 11 shows the basic concept of a method of reducing the diameter of the end portion of the pipe material in another embodiment of the present invention, and FIG. 12 shows the pipe material 40 after processing. The present embodiment is a diameter reduction method in the case where the diameter reduction amount on the side with a small amount of processing (herein referred to as V4) does not exceed the diameter reduction processing limit by one spinning process, and will be described below in the order of steps. In FIG. 11, the solid line represents the outer shape of the front surface of the tube material 40 after processing, and is set so that the outer diameter of the neck portion 40c after processing becomes the processing target diameter in the final processing cycle. The processing targets set to have a larger diameter than this are all set to pass through a point e where the vertical line in FIG. 11 and the outer diameter of the neck portion 40c are in contact. That is, a position where the distance from the outer diameter of the pipe material 40 to the eccentric shaft is constant is
The roller 28 is set to always pass in each cycle. Further, in FIG. 11, the diameter reduction amount on the side with a large amount of processing (here, V3) is the distance between the points b and d. The tube material 40 has the same configuration as the tube material 4 described above, and the tube material 4 described above can be read as 40, and a description thereof will be omitted.

In the above relationship, first, the diameter reduction amount (V3) on the side with a large amount of processing is divided by the single diameter reduction processing limit amount (here, X2) to obtain the number of processing cycles ( (7 times in the example of FIG. 11). At this time, integer processing is performed by rounding up, and the intersection a with the machining target of the maximum diameter is b.
It is set to be located outside the point. This allows
The amount of movement of the roller 28 in one pass in the radial direction in one cycle is equal to or smaller than the amount of the diameter reduction processing limit (X2) in one pass.
The amount of radial movement of the roller 28 in one pass in each cycle may be set to be equal or may be set to different division ratios at the initial and final stages of processing as described above.

Then, for each cycle, each roller 28
The diameter of the circular machining target including the machining start position of is calculated. As a result, the center points of the respective processing targets are h1 to h6 in FIG. 11 (h7 coincides with the center point of the neck portion 40c). Then, the first cycle is started, and h
Each roller 28 is rotationally driven along the machining target k1 having the maximum diameter centered at 1, and thereafter the center points are sequentially set to h2 to h7.
The diameters of the processing targets k2 to k7 are reduced while moving to, and the pipe blank 40 shown in FIG. 12 is formed in the seventh cycle.

As described above, in the present embodiment, the rollers 28 are positioned at positions where the distance from the outer diameter of the tube material 40 to the eccentric axis is constant within a range where the diameter reduction processing limit by one spinning processing is not exceeded. So that it always goes through every cycle,
That is, in FIG. 11, the roller 28 is always made of the tube material 40 so that it substantially always passes through the point e (except the points p to q).
Since the machining is performed a plurality of times while being in contact with the surface to be machined, the machining is easy and the machining work can be performed smoothly and quietly without an excessive load on the roller 28 and the like. Of course, similar to the above-described embodiment, a smooth machined surface is obtained and desired strength is secured.

FIG. 13 shows the basic concept of a method for reducing the diameter of the end portion of a tube material according to still another embodiment of the present invention, and FIG. 14 shows the tube material 41 after processing. The present embodiment is a diameter reduction method in the case where the diameter reduction amount (V2) on the side with a small processing amount exceeds the diameter reduction processing limit by one spinning process, and as shown in FIG. Spinning is performed with the axis of the tube material 41 coaxial with the main shaft 21 as described below until the diameter amount does not exceed the diameter reduction processing limit by one spinning processing, and the diameter reduction processing limit is not exceeded. After entering the state, the processing is performed in the same manner as the embodiment of FIG. 11 described above. That is, the processing target for the tube material 41 in the first cycle is a circle (represented by k0 in FIG. 13) centered on the axis of the tube material 41 and coaxial with the outer circumference of the tube material 41. After that, the diameters of the processing targets k1 to k7 in the tapered portion are reduced while sequentially moving the center to h1 to h7, and the pipe blank 41 shown in FIG. 14 is formed in the eighth cycle.

Thus, in this embodiment, as shown in FIG. 14, a step 41e is formed on the tube material 41, but the diameter reduction processing limit by spinning is not exceeded. The processing work can be done quickly,
Processing time can be shortened. Further, during this time, the roller 28 is always processed in a state of being in contact with the surface to be processed of the pipe material 41, so that the load on the roller 28 and the like is not excessively large, and the processing operation can be performed smoothly and quietly. .

FIGS. 16 and 17 show another embodiment of the spinning processing apparatus. In the embodiment of FIGS. 2 and 3, the casing 20 is driven along the X axis and the tube material 4 is While they are configured to move relative to each other by being driven along the Y axis, in the present embodiment, the housing 20 is fixed on the base 1 and the tube material 4 is It is configured to be driven along the X axis and the Y axis. That is, the first drive mechanism 2 which is the first drive means of the present invention is centrally arranged on the left side of FIGS. 16 and 17. The other configurations such as the second drive mechanism 3 are the same as those in the above-described embodiment, and in FIG. 16 and FIG.
Also, members having substantially the same function as the members shown in FIG. 3 are designated by the same reference numerals.

Explaining the first drive mechanism 2 in this embodiment, a pair of X-axis guide rails 5 parallel to the axis Xt of the tube material 4 are fixed on the left base 1 in FIGS. 16 and 17. A table 6 is movably arranged along the X-axis guide rail 5. Then, a ball socket 7 is fixed to the lower portion of the table 6, a screw shaft 8 screwed into the ball socket 7 is arranged in parallel with the X-axis guide rail 5 on the base 1, and the screw shaft 8 is rotated by a servomotor 9. When driven, the table 6 is configured to move along the X axis.

Further, a pair of Y-axis guide rails 10 are fixed on the table 6, and a pair of sliders 11 are movably arranged on these Y-axis guide rails 10, and the sliders 11 shown in FIGS. A clamp device 12 similar to that of the third embodiment is supported. And the servo motor 1
When the screw shaft 15 is rotationally driven by 6, the clamp device 12 is configured to move with respect to the table 6 along the Y axis.

Thus, in the present embodiment, the screw shaft 8 is rotationally driven by the servo motor 9, and the clamp device 1
2 is driven forward along the X-axis guide rail 5 (see FIG. 16).
17 and moves to the right in FIG. 17), the rollers 28 are stopped in a state in which each roller 28 is positioned at a point retracted by the processing length (L1 in FIG. 6) from the tip of the tube material 4. Then, the screw shaft 15 is rotationally driven by the servo motor 16, the clamp device 12 is driven along the Y-axis guide rail 10 (moved downward in FIG. 17), and the tube material 4 moves in the eccentric direction per cycle ( S
Only 1) is stopped at the position moved in the Y-axis direction.

From this state, the rotating member 24 is rotationally driven by the motor 22, the pressing member 26 is driven forward by the cylinder 25, and each roller 28 is driven in the center (axis Xr) direction of the rotating member 24. At the same time, the screw shaft 8 is rotationally driven by the servomotor 9, and the clamp device 12 and thus the tube material 4 are driven backward along the X-axis guide rail 5 (moved to the left in FIGS. 16 and 17). As a result, each roller 28, while being pressed against the outer peripheral surface of the tube material 4, rotates itself and rotates about the main axis 21 about the axis Xr, and is radially driven in the direction of the axis Xr for spinning. Done. After that, the spinning process is performed in substantially the same manner as the embodiment of FIGS. 2 and 3, and thus the description thereof is omitted.

FIGS. 18 and 19 show still another embodiment of the spinning processing apparatus. In the embodiment shown in FIGS. 2 and 3, as shown in FIG. 2, the axis Xt of the tube material 4 is While the height from the base 1 is fixed so as to be located on the same plane parallel to the axis Xr of the main shaft 21, in the present embodiment, the axis Xt of the tube material 4 is fixed.
The height of the main shaft 21 from the base 1 is variable, and the axis Xr of the main shaft 21 is
On the other hand, it is also configured to be adjustable in the vertical direction. That is,
In this embodiment, a third drive mechanism for driving the pipe material 4 in the vertical direction is added, and the configurations of the first drive mechanism 2 and the second drive mechanism 3 are the same as those of the embodiment of FIGS. 2 and 3. Is.
Further, the stopper 19 of this embodiment includes a mandrel described later.
190 is fixed. Other configurations are shown in FIGS.
18 and 19, members having substantially the same functions as those shown in FIGS. 2 and 3 are designated by the same reference numerals.

The third drive mechanism in the present embodiment will be described. A recess 1a is formed in a part of the base 1 (on the left side in FIGS. 18 and 19), and the recess 1a is formed in the vertical direction, for example. Four Z-axis guide posts 30 are provided upright. The table 6 is arranged so as to be vertically movable along the Z-axis guide post 30. A gear box 32 connected to rotate the vertical screw shaft 31 is disposed between the table 6 and the recess 1 a, and the table 6 is formed with a hole for screwing with the screw shaft 31. There is. The gear box 32 is connected to a servo motor 34 via a connecting shaft 33, and the servo motor 34 is fixed to the base 1.

Thus, in the present embodiment, when the connecting shaft 33 is rotationally driven by the servo motor 34, the screw shaft 31 is rotationally driven via the gear box 32, and the table 6 is vertically driven, that is, It is configured to be driven up and down. As a result, the axis Xt of the tube material 4 becomes the base 1
Can be adjusted to a predetermined position in the vertical direction,
The adjustment in the vertical direction with respect to the axis Xr of the main shaft 21 is also possible.
Therefore, the axis of the neck portion 4c of the tube material 4 can be eccentric not only in the Y-axis direction but also in the Z-axis direction, which facilitates fine adjustment during spinning.

Further, in the present embodiment, as shown in FIGS. 18 and 19, the cylindrical mandrel 190 is parallel to the axis Xt of the tube material 4 so as to match the eccentric axis of the processing target of the tube material 4. It is supported by the stopper 19. The fixed position of the mandrel 190 with respect to the stopper 19 can be adjusted (not shown). The diameter of the mandrel 190 is set to a value equal to the inner diameter of the neck portion 4c after processing the tube material 4. Therefore, during finishing, the neck 4
Since the spinning process is performed in a state where c is held between the mandrel 190 and the roller 28, the neck portion 4c can be easily formed into a smooth surface. The other operations are substantially the same as those in the above-described embodiment, and thus the description thereof will be omitted.

FIG. 20 shows in detail the shape of the end portion after processing of the pipe material 40 formed by the end portion forming method of the pipe material shown in FIG. As apparent from FIG. 20, as a result of the above-mentioned spinning process, the neck 40c
The shape of the open end of is very inclined. Therefore,
Usually, in the subsequent process, the opening end of the neck 40c is cut along a plane perpendicular to the axis Xt. In order to omit such a cutting step, the tube material 40 before processing is formed into a shape having an opening end 40e which is inclined in advance as shown in FIG. It may be arranged and spinning processing is performed. As a result, it is possible to form the open end of the surface perpendicular to the axis Xt in the processed neck portion 40c.

[0065]

Since the present invention is constructed as described above, it has the following effects. That is, in the method and apparatus for forming an end portion of a pipe material according to claims 1 and 5, a reduced diameter portion having an eccentric shaft can be easily integrated at the end portion of the pipe material by a smooth and efficient spinning process. Can be formed as desired. Moreover, it is possible to secure a smooth machined surface for the reduced diameter portion. In addition, since the conventional bonding work is unnecessary, the manufacturing is easy and the manufacturing cost can be reduced.

Further, in the molding method and apparatus according to the second and sixth aspects, the spinning process can be performed more smoothly, and a smooth machined surface can be secured for the reduced diameter portion.

Further, according to the molding method and apparatus of the third and seventh aspects, the reduced diameter portion having the eccentric shaft can be formed at the end of the pipe material quickly and easily by spinning. A smooth machined surface can be secured.

Further, according to the molding method and apparatus of the fourth and eighth aspects, even if the diameter of the end portion of the pipe material exceeds the diameter reduction processing limit, the diameter reduced portion having the eccentric shaft is provided. Can be formed quickly and easily by spinning, and a smooth machined surface can be secured.

Further, in the apparatus according to claim 9,
Smoother spinning can be performed, and a smooth machined surface can be secured for the reduced diameter portion.

Furthermore, if the third driving means is provided as described in claim 10, adjustment in the vertical direction is also possible, so that fine adjustment during spinning becomes easy.

[Brief description of drawings]

FIG. 1 is a configuration diagram showing an overall configuration of a spinning processing apparatus according to an embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 2 is a side view showing a state in which a part of the spinning device according to the embodiment of the present invention is broken.

FIG. 3 is a plan view showing a state in which a part of the spinning processing device according to the embodiment of the present invention is broken.

FIG. 4 is a perspective view showing a clamp portion and a roller portion of the tube material according to the embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 5 is a perspective view showing a tube material before and after processing in an embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 6 is an explanatory diagram showing a basic concept of a method for reducing the diameter of an end portion of a tube material according to an embodiment of the present invention.

7A and 7B are front and side views showing the shape of the end portion of the tube material for each step when reducing the diameter of the end portion of the tube material according to the embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 8 is a flowchart showing a main routine of the operation of the spinning processing apparatus according to the embodiment of the present invention.

9 is a flowchart showing a subroutine of intermediate processing in FIG.

10 is a flowchart showing a subroutine of finishing processing in FIG.

FIG. 11 is an explanatory diagram showing a basic concept of a method of reducing the diameter of the end portion of the tube material according to another embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 12 is a side view showing a tube material according to another embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 13 is an explanatory view showing the basic concept of a method of reducing the diameter of the end portion of the tube material in still another embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 14 is a side view showing a tube material according to still another embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 15 is an explanatory view showing the concept of a method of reducing the diameter of the end portion of the tube material in another embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 16 is a side view showing a state in which a part of another embodiment of the spinning processing device according to the present invention is partially broken.

FIG. 17 is a plan view showing a state in which a part of another embodiment of the spinning processing apparatus according to the present invention is partially broken.

FIG. 18 is a side view showing a state in which a part of still another embodiment of the spinning processing apparatus according to the present invention is partially broken.

FIG. 19 is a plan view showing a state in which a part of still another embodiment of the spinning processing apparatus according to the present invention is partially broken.

FIG. 20 is a side view showing in detail the end shape after processing of the pipe material formed by the end forming method for the pipe material shown in FIG. 11.

21 is an end portion of a pipe material before processing for forming an open end of a neck portion after processing on a surface perpendicular to an axis when the pipe material end forming method shown in FIG. 11 is formed. It is a side view which shows a shape.

[Explanation of symbols]

2 1st drive mechanism, 3 2nd drive mechanism, 4 Pipe material 4a Body part, 4b Tapered part, 4c Neck part, 4
d Reduced diameter portion 9, 16, 22, 34 Motor, 18, 25 Cylinder 12 Clamping device, 21 Spindle, 28 Roller

─────────────────────────────────────────────────── ─── Continuation of front page (58) Fields surveyed (Int.Cl. ⁷ , DB name) B21D 41/04 B21D 22/14 B21D 22/18 B21D 53/84

Claims (10)

(57) [Claims] 1. A main shaft is arranged parallel to the axis of a tube material on a plane including the axis, supports a roller movably in a radial direction with respect to the main axis, and the roller supports an end portion of the tube material. The tube material is supported so as to abut against the tube material, and the tube material and the roller are driven so as to move relatively in parallel to the axis of the tube material and the main axis, and the roller is substantially always While being in contact with the outer peripheral surface of the end portion of the material, the roller is driven in the radial direction toward an eccentric shaft that is eccentric from the shaft of the tube material by a predetermined distance, and the roller and the tube material are relatively moved. A method for forming an end portion of a tube material, which comprises rotatingly driving the tube material to perform a spinning process to form a reduced diameter portion around the eccentric axis at an end portion of the tube material. 2. The axis of rotation of the relative rotary drive of the roller and the tube material is set to be asymptotic in a plurality of cycles from the axis of the tube material to the eccentric axis, and the rotation axis is set for each cycle. The method for forming an end portion of a tube material according to claim 1, wherein the roller and the tube material are rotationally driven relative to each other to perform a spinning process on the tube material. 3. The roller is driven in the radial direction so that the roller always passes a position where the distance from the outer diameter of the pipe material to the eccentric shaft is constant for each cycle, and The method for forming an end portion of a tube material according to claim 2, wherein the tube material is rotationally driven relatively to perform a spinning process on the tube material. 4. When the difference between the outer diameter of the pipe material and the target outer diameter of the reduced diameter portion of the pipe material exceeds the diameter reduction processing limit for the tube material, it is within the diameter reduction processing limit. The rotating shaft of the relative rotation drive of the roller and the tube material is coaxial, and the roller and the tube material are rotationally driven relatively to perform the spinning process on the tube material. The method for forming an end portion of a tube material according to item 3. 5. An apparatus for forming an end portion of a pipe material for performing a spinning process on an end portion of the pipe material, wherein a main shaft arranged parallel to the shaft on a surface including the shaft of the pipe material, and the main shaft. On the other hand, a roller that is movably supported in the radial direction and that is supported so as to contact the end of the tube material, and the tube material and the roller relatively move in parallel to the axis of the tube material and the main axis. The first drive means for driving at least one of the tube material and the roller, and the roller from the shaft of the tube material in a state where the roller is substantially always in contact with the outer peripheral surface of the end of the tube material. The roller is driven in the radial direction toward an eccentric shaft that is eccentric by a predetermined distance, and the roller is rotationally driven about the main shaft relative to the tube material to perform spinning processing on the tube material. Second
And a driving means for controlling the second driving means and the first driving means to form a reduced diameter portion around the eccentric shaft at the end portion of the tube material. An end forming device for pipe material. 6. The first driving means is set so as to gradually approach in a plurality of cycles from the axis of the pipe material to the eccentric axis, and the second driving means sets the roller for each cycle. 6. An end forming apparatus for a pipe material according to claim 5, wherein said pipe material is rotationally driven relative to said pipe material about said main axis to perform spinning processing on said pipe material. 7. The tube material and the roller so that the first drive means allows the roller to always pass a position where the distance from the outer diameter of the tube material to the eccentric shaft is constant for each cycle. At least one of them is moved to relatively move the tube material and the roller, and the second driving means rotationally drives the roller around the main shaft to perform spinning processing on the tube material. 7. The end forming device for a pipe material according to claim 6, wherein the end forming device is configured to perform. 8. The first drive means, when the difference between the outer diameter of the pipe material and the target outer diameter of the reduced diameter portion of the pipe material exceeds a diameter reduction processing limit for the pipe material, At least one of the tube material and the roller is driven to relatively move the tube material and the roller so that the axis of the tube material and the main axis are coaxial until the diameter reduction processing limit is reached. The end portion of the pipe material according to claim 7, wherein the second drive means is configured to rotate the roller about the main shaft to perform a spinning process on the pipe material. Molding equipment. 9. A plurality of said rollers are provided, said second drive means drives said plurality of rollers so as to be close to said spindle in a radial direction, and at the same time said plurality of rollers are attached to said spindle. The tube material end forming apparatus according to claim 5, wherein the tube material is configured to be rotationally driven to perform a spinning process on the tube material. 10. A third drive means for driving at least one of the tube material and the roller so that the tube material and the roller relatively move along a vertical axis orthogonal to the axis of the tube material. The end forming device for a pipe material according to claim 5, further comprising: