JP3435297B2 - Microbial deodorization and purification equipment - Google Patents

Description

Description: BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention The present invention relates to a microorganism deodorizing and purifying apparatus such as a soil deodorizing apparatus. 2. Description of the Related Art Conventionally, in a facility such as a sewage treatment plant where a bad odor is generated, a deodorizing device is provided to remove a bad odor as part of environmental maintenance. [0003] As one of the deodorizing apparatuses, a soil deodorizing apparatus which performs a deodorizing treatment by using microorganisms has recently attracted attention. In such a soil deodorizing device, a gas containing a malodorous component such as ammonia and hydrogen sulfide is first dissolved in water, and the dissolved malodorous component is adsorbed on the surface of the soil particles in the soil layer and removed from the liquid phase. Decomposed by microorganisms and assimilated and used for the growth of microorganisms, the degraded odor components flow out of the system together with soil water, and odorless gas is denitrified and desulfurized by anaerobic microorganisms in the soil. It is released from the soil layer surface to the atmosphere. FIG. 7 shows a general configuration of the above-mentioned soil deodorizing apparatus. The soil deodorizing device X forms a recess in the ground,
In the recess, there is a diffusion layer 100 made of chestnut stone from below and a soil layer 200 made of volcanic ash humus (kuroboku soil) and the like and a mixed soil mainly containing these and added with soil improvement material. . 300 is the foundation and 400 is the boundary block. A wind pipe 500 is buried in the diffusion layer 100, and the wind pipe 500 extends, and is connected to a facility serving as an odor source 700 via a suction blower 600. The odor generation source 700 includes a sludge thickening tank 71
0, sludge dewatering machine 720, fermentation facility 730, sand basin 740, sedimentation basin 750, etc. In addition, the soil deodorizing device X needs to keep the soil layer 200 moist at all times in order to manage the lawn layer Y and dissolve odorous components in water in the soil layer 200. A sprinkler 800 is provided so that water can be sprinkled, and a plurality of perforated pipes 510 extend from the duct-like conduit in the diffusion layer 100. Further, a lawn layer Y is usually provided on the surface of the soil layer 200.
To prevent the caking of the surface of the soil, to maintain the air permeability and water permeability, and to keep the landscape of the soil deodorizing device X beautiful,
They try to wipe out the dirty image of the sewage treatment plant. With this configuration, the malodorous gas generated from the odor generation source 700 is introduced into the soil deodorizing device X by the suction blower 600 and rises while diffusing from the perforated pipe 510 through the diffusion layer 100 to cause the soil layer 200 to move upward. While slowly rising, the malodorous components dissolved in the water are adsorbed on the surface of the soil particles, removed from the liquid phase, collected in the drainage pit 900 through the drainage pipe 910, and then flow out of the system, and the soil is discharged. Decomposed by the aerobic microorganisms, the deodorized gas is released from the surface of the soil layer 200 to the atmosphere via the lawn layer Y. Here, the passing speed of the gas through the soil layer 200 is desirably 5 mm / sec or less. However, in the above-mentioned conventional soil deodorizing apparatus X, a natural soil such as black clay and the like, and a soil improving material such as pearlite are mainly used as the soil layer 200. Since the mixed soil was used, the permeability and drainage were impaired due to the soil compaction phenomenon from an early stage of installation. For this reason, the ventilation resistance value increases and the amount of air blown by the suction blower 600 decreases, leading to a reduction in deodorizing efficiency. In addition, gas concentrates at a location where the ventilation resistance value is small, resulting in a short circuit (a so-called short path). ) Is generated, and undeodorized odorous gas is blown out to significantly impair the deodorizing function, or the blowout gas may cause the lawn layer Y to be destroyed. Is occurring frequently. In order to prevent these problems, it is necessary to cultivate the soil layer 200 at regular intervals, even at short intervals, or to replace the soil, and it is considerably difficult to manage to maintain the function. It has become. The present invention, as an alternative to the above-mentioned conventional soil deodorizing apparatus X, can solve the above-mentioned problems, and does not require tillage or replacement of the soil and can maintain the function for a long period of time. It is intended to provide. According to the present invention, a harmful gas such as an odorous gas or an automobile exhaust gas is brought into contact with soil to adsorb harmful components to soil particles. An object of the present invention is to provide a microorganism deodorizing and purifying apparatus that decomposes and purifies harmful components by microorganisms in soil. Further, in the present invention, the above-mentioned soil has a particle size of 2
Granular zeolite as fine gravel more than mm, activated carbon,
This is a deodorizing and purifying medium obtained by mixing an organic substance and a seed fungus. In the present invention, the content of fine gravel in the deodorizing and purifying medium is 60 to 90% by weight. DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS The microorganism deodorizing and purifying apparatus according to the present invention contacts harmful gases such as odorous gas and automobile exhaust gas with soil, adsorbs harmful components to soil particles, and removes microorganisms in soil. A deodorizing and purifying apparatus for deodorizing and purifying harmful components by decomposing the soil, wherein the soil is at least 50% by weight.
It includes the above fine gravel. Here, the fine gravel refers to those having a particle size of 2.0 to 4.76 mm. By installing such a microorganism deodorizing and purifying device in, for example, a sewage treatment plant, it is possible to effectively and permanently deodorize odorous gas from an odor generating source such as a sludge concentrator. The configuration of the apparatus is substantially the same as that described in detail in the section of the prior art, and the feature is that the deodorizing and purifying layer in which microorganisms stacked above the diffusion layer inhabits the fine debris. At least 50% by weight or more. With this configuration, the ventilation resistance value in the deodorizing and purifying layer is reduced, and the air permeability and drainage properties, which are the most important for making the apparatus function permanently, without causing the aging consolidation phenomenon. Is significantly improved. Therefore, it is possible to prevent the occurrence of a short path or the like and to permanently maintain a stable deodorizing and purifying action. Further, since the ventilation resistance value is reduced and the permeability is good, it is possible to increase the ventilation speed of the gas in the soil. As described above, for example, the conventional ventilation speed is set to 5 mm / sec. If you raise the thing to 10 mm / sec,
Since the installation space can be reduced by half, the land can be effectively used. [0023] In the above structure, the deodorizing and purifying layer may be a soil mainly composed of natural soil. Alternatively, the deodorizing and purifying layer may be a deodorizing and purifying medium in which fine particles having a particle diameter of 2 mm or more, an organic substance and a seed fungus are mixed. In this case, it is preferable that the content of the fine gravel in the deodorizing and purifying medium is 60 to 90% by weight. Granular zeolite is suitably used as fine gravel having a particle diameter of 2 mm or more, and bark compost is preferably used as organic matter. Activated carbon can also be mixed in such a deodorizing and purifying medium, and the deodorizing and purifying function can be further improved. At this time, the granular zeolite, the activated carbon, the bark compost, and the inoculum may be mixed at a volume ratio of 3: 3: 3: 1, and the water content may be adjusted to 30 to 35%. The above-mentioned zeolite is excellent in adsorbing ammonia and the like under the presence of moisture, and activated carbon is excellent in water retention and physical adsorption of malodorous components. It becomes possible to decompose the degradable substance by microorganisms for a long period of time. Moreover, bark compost is a bait (carbon source) of microorganisms. As the inoculum, it is preferable to use an Andosol, which is a volcanic humus, or a pig dung compost, in which aerobic microorganisms capable of decomposing malodorous components such as ammonia and hydrogen sulfide are sufficiently inhabited. Sludge compost is also useful as a seed fungus, but is difficult to obtain. As described above, the volume ratio of the granular zeolite, the activated carbon, the bark compost, and the inoculum was set to 3: 3: 3: 1 because the water retention ability, air permeability, and drainage property were long. This is because it is the most appropriate distribution for maintaining the good condition and sufficiently promoting the propagation of the microorganism for a long period of time. The embodiment of the present invention can be applied to, for example, agricultural settlement drainage equipment in addition to being installed at a sewage treatment plant. Further, since it is also effective in deodorizing and purifying automobile exhaust gas, it can be installed in an underground parking lot to deodorize and purify contaminated air containing harmful substances in the parking lot, or near an intersection with heavy traffic in urban areas. It can be installed in the area to deodorize and purify roadside air. Embodiments of the present invention will be described with reference to the drawings. (First Embodiment) The microorganism deodorizing and purifying apparatus A in this embodiment has basically the same configuration as the soil deodorizing apparatus X (FIG. 7) described in the section of prior art. As shown in FIGS. 1 and 2, a recess is provided on the ground G, and a boundary block 4 serving as a boundary between a sidewalk and a road is erected on the foundation 3 to surround the recess. A large number of chestnuts 10 are laid with a thickness of about 550 mm by laying a waterproof sheet S in the place, and a single-grained crushed stone 11 smaller than the chestnut with a thickness of about 50 mm is laid thereon to form the diffusion layer 1. Has formed. Above the diffusion layer 1, there is a deodorizing and purifying layer 2 for decomposing malodorous components of the malodorous gas, which serve as a home for microorganisms.
Is formed with a thickness of about 550 mm. An air duct 5 is buried in the diffusion layer 1, and its base end is connected to a source of odor such as a sludge concentrator installed in a sewage treatment plant or the like via a suction blower (not shown). The odorous gas is first introduced into the diffusion layer 1 through communication. Reference numeral 51 denotes a mesh tube extending from the wind conduit 5 into the diffusion layer 1, and the offensive odor gas from the wind conduit 5 is discharged into the diffusion layer 1 from the mesh tube 51. A lawn is planted on the surface of the deodorizing and purifying layer 2 to form a lawn layer 6. The lawn layer 6 enhances the landscape while maintaining air permeability and water permeability. Reference numeral 7 denotes a sprinkler for sprinkling water on the lawn layer 6. The sprinkler 7 can sprinkle water as needed to provide the deodorizing and purifying layer 2 with appropriate moisture. Further, 8 is a drainage pit and 81 is a drainage pipe extending from the inside of the diffusion layer 1 to the drainage pit 8. In FIG. 2, S1 is a folded portion of the waterproof sheet S provided at the boundary between the diffusion layer 1 and the deodorizing and purifying layer 2, and is folded at a width of about 200 mm from the peripheral surface of the recess. The odor gas is prevented from being short-passed along the waterproof sheet S. Numeral 12 denotes a resin net, which is interposed at each boundary between the layer of the chestnut stone 10, the layer of the single-grained crushed stone 11 and the deodorizing and purifying layer 2. In the microorganism deodorizing and purifying apparatus A having the above structure, the deodorizing and purifying layer 2 contains at least 50% by weight of fine gravel having a particle size in the range of 2.0 to 4.76 mm. The deodorizing and purifying layer 2 may be made of natural soil mixed with gravel so as to contain more than 50% by weight of fine gravel, or only fine gravel may be used. Granular zeolite, activated carbon, bark compost, and inoculum,
It is an artificial deodorizing and purifying medium having a ratio of 3: 3: 3: 1 by volume and a fine gravel content of 70% by weight. And the water content of the deodorizing and purifying layer 2 is adjusted to 30 to 35%. That is, the above-mentioned zeolite is excellent in the adsorption of ammonia and the like under the presence of moisture, and the activated carbon is excellent in water retention and physical adsorption of malodorous components. Microbial degradation. Bark compost is a bait (carbon source) for microorganisms. By adding it, it is possible to maintain the propagation of microorganisms that decompose malodorous components for a long period of time (about 30 years). Become. Therefore, it is possible to create an environment in which the ability of the microorganism to decompose malodorous components in cooperation with the zeolite and activated carbon is maintained for a long period of time. As an inoculum of microorganisms that decompose malodorous components, there is used Andosol, which is a volcanic humus in which microorganisms that decompose malodorous components such as ammonia and hydrogen sulfide are sufficiently inhabited. The deodorizing and purifying medium is granular zeolite, activated carbon, bark compost, and the inoculum is a kneader (not shown).
, Automatic kneading, automatic kneading, packing in a predetermined amount per pack, and delivery to the installation site of the microorganism deodorizing and purifying apparatus A. Therefore, a deodorizing and purifying medium of uniform quality can always be obtained. With the above structure, the malodorous gas (arrow f1) introduced into the diffusion layer 1 from the wind conduit 5 rises while diffusing from the mesh tube 51 and flows uniformly into the entire deodorizing and purifying layer 2.
It passes through the deodorizing and purifying layer 2 at a speed of about 10 mm / sec. Meanwhile, the malodorous component dissolved in the water is adsorbed on the surface of the granular zeolite or granular activated carbon, removed from the liquid phase, collected through the drain pipe 81 to the drain pit 8, and then flows out of the system ( The arrow f2) is decomposed by other microorganisms, and the deodorized gas is released from the lawn layer 6 on the surface of the deodorizing and purifying layer 2 to the atmosphere. As described above, the deodorizing and purifying layer 2 is an artificial deodorizing and purifying medium composed of granular zeolite, activated carbon, bark compost, and inoculum having a mixing ratio of 3: 3: 3: 1. By this, the solidification of the surface of the deodorizing and purifying layer 2 due to the consolidation phenomenon can be prevented for a long period of time, and the ventilation and drainage properties are remarkably improved, thereby preventing a flood and a short path of odorous gas during rainfall. it can. Therefore, the ventilation resistance value can be kept at a small value without periodically performing tillage or the like, and a permanent and efficient deodorizing and purifying action can be maintained. FIG. 3 shows the particle size distribution of the deodorizing and purifying medium used for the deodorizing and purifying layer 2 of the microorganism deodorizing and purifying apparatus A according to the present embodiment, and the andosol as a natural soil, and the mixed soil. . This is a result of a test according to JSF T 131 (JSCE standard).
It can be seen that the gravel content is about 70% by weight. In addition,
The mixed soil is obtained by mixing pearlite, zeolite, and compost in an appropriate amount in andosol. As is clear from the figure, the fine gravel is hardly contained in the natural soil (Kuroboku soil), and even in mixed soil, it is less than 20% by weight. Next, FIG. 4 shows the results of an experiment on ventilation of the deodorizing and purifying medium according to the present embodiment. As a control, 20 zeolites were added to natural soil (black soil) and natural soil (black soil).
The mixed soil is made by adding and mixing 30% by volume of compost and 30% by volume. Table 1 shows the experimental conditions. [Table 1] In the experiment, water was sprayed from the upper part of each test soil (including the deodorizing and purifying medium according to the present embodiment) packed in a column with a spray nozzle, and the ventilation resistance value of the lower part was measured with time while blowing predetermined air. Observed. A U-shaped manometer was used for observation. As shown in FIG. 4, the ventilation resistance before the start of watering was 18 mmAq for the Andosol, 3 mmAq for the mixed soil, and 2 mmAq for the deodorizing and purifying medium. After 100 minutes from the humidification, it was found that the ventilation resistance values of the Ando soil and the mixed soil rapidly increased, and the air permeability was impaired. Among them, the mixed soil has better air permeability than the Ando soil. However, in each case, the soil surface was submerged and the aerated state was observed. When the surface of the soil was observed in a state where the watering was stopped and the soil moisture was pulled, many holes of several mm were formed, and gas ejection by a short path was recognized from the holes. On the other hand, in the deodorizing and purifying medium, a large change in the ventilation resistance was not observed from before the spraying to after the spraying, and it was extremely stable, and finally showed a value of 5 mmAq. In FIG. 4, what is indicated by a two-dot chain line a is a change in the ventilation resistance value of the deodorizing and purifying medium under a watering condition of about 70 mm in terms of hourly rainfall. As described above, it was confirmed that the deodorizing and purifying medium according to the present example maintained a stable and low airflow resistance value even with a considerable amount of rainfall. Therefore, the microbial deodorizing and purifying apparatus A according to the present embodiment has remarkably good air permeability and drainage properties, and can prevent the occurrence of short paths and the like, and can maintain a stable deodorizing and purifying action permanently. Becomes Further, since the gas flow resistance is reduced and the gas permeability is good, it is possible to increase the gas flow rate in the deodorizing and purifying layer 2. For example, a conventional natural soil or mixed soil is used. The air flow rate was set at 5 mm / sec in the device, but 10
mm / sec, and the installation space of the device can be reduced by half, so that the land can be used effectively. (Second Embodiment) The apparatus shown in FIG. 5 uses a microbial deodorizing and purifying apparatus A according to the present invention for purifying exhaust gas of automobiles along roadsides at places with heavy traffic such as urban areas. Things. That is, the microorganism deodorizing and purifying apparatus A having the same configuration as that of the first embodiment is installed below the green belt as the central separator C so as to purify roadside air polluted by exhaust gas. I have. F3 is purified air,
F is a blower, and 52 is an intake duct. (Third Embodiment) The embodiment shown in FIG. 6 is similar to the second embodiment in that it is used for purifying the exhaust gas of an automobile, but the second embodiment is for purifying air in an open space. In contrast, here, the contaminated air in a closed space such as the underground parking lot D is purified. F4 is purified air, F1
Is a blower, and 53 is an air inlet. In each of the second and third embodiments, the configuration of the microorganism deodorizing and purifying apparatus A is the same as that of the first embodiment, and the description is omitted. As described above, the present invention has been described through the embodiments. However, the present invention can be applied to other embodiments. The present invention is embodied in the form described above, and has the following effects. According to the first aspect of the present invention, a harmful gas such as an odorous gas or a vehicle exhaust gas is brought into contact with the soil, the harmful component is adsorbed on the soil particles, and the harmful component is decomposed and deodorized by microorganisms in the soil. -It is a microorganism deodorizing and purifying apparatus for purifying, and since the soil contains at least 50% by weight of fine gravel, the ventilation resistance value is reduced, and the secular compaction phenomenon does not occur. The air permeability and drainage properties, which are the most important for making the device function permanently, are remarkably improved, and the occurrence of short paths and the like can be prevented, and the stable deodorizing and purifying action can be maintained permanently. Further, since the gas flow resistance is reduced and the gas permeability is good, it is possible to increase the gas flow rate, and, despite having the same processing capacity, the installation space is smaller than that of the conventional apparatus. The land can be effectively used because the land can be reduced. According to the second aspect of the present invention, since the soil contains activated carbon, in addition to the above-mentioned effects, it is possible to improve the water retention and the physical adsorption power of the malodorous component, and it is difficult to decompose the malodorous component. Germ can be decomposed over a long period of time. According to the third aspect of the present invention, instead of the soil, a deodorizing and purifying medium in which fine particles having a particle size of 2 mm or more, an organic substance and a seed fungus are mixed, is used. By setting the content to 60 to 90% by weight, the above-mentioned effects can be further enhanced in addition to the above-mentioned effects.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS FIG. 1 is an explanatory view of a microorganism deodorizing and purifying apparatus according to the present invention. FIG. 2 is a partial cross-sectional view of the microorganism deodorizing and purifying apparatus. FIG. 3 is a particle size distribution curve of a deodorizing and purifying layer. FIG. 4 is a graph showing a change over time in a ventilation resistance value. FIG. 5 is an explanatory diagram of a microorganism deodorizing and purifying apparatus according to a second embodiment. FIG. 6 is an explanatory view of a microorganism deodorizing and purifying apparatus according to a third embodiment. FIG. 7 is an overall explanatory view of a conventional soil deodorizing device. [Description of Signs] A Microbial deodorization and purification device 1 Diffusion layer 2 Deodorization and purification layer 5 Wind conduit

Claims (1)

(57) [Claims] [Claim 1] Contacting harmful gas such as odorous gas and automobile exhaust gas with soil, adsorbing harmful components to soil particles, and decomposing harmful components by microorganisms in the soil. A microbial deodorizing and purifying apparatus for deodorizing and purifying the soil, wherein the soil is granular zeola as fine gravel having a particle diameter of 2 mm or more.
Deodorizing water, activated carbon, organic matter, and inoculum
And the content of fine gravel in the deodorizing and purifying medium
A microorganism deodorizing and purifying apparatus characterized in that the content is 60 to 90% by weight .