JP3431410B2 - Method for adjusting internal temperature of reinforced concrete structure - Google Patents
Method for adjusting internal temperature of reinforced concrete structureInfo
- Publication number
- JP3431410B2 JP3431410B2 JP23290196A JP23290196A JP3431410B2 JP 3431410 B2 JP3431410 B2 JP 3431410B2 JP 23290196 A JP23290196 A JP 23290196A JP 23290196 A JP23290196 A JP 23290196A JP 3431410 B2 JP3431410 B2 JP 3431410B2
- Authority
- JP
- Japan
- Prior art keywords
- wall
- air
- outside
- air conditioner
- shaded
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Fee Related
Links
Classifications
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02B—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO BUILDINGS, e.g. HOUSING, HOUSE APPLIANCES OR RELATED END-USER APPLICATIONS
- Y02B10/00—Integration of renewable energy sources in buildings
- Y02B10/20—Solar thermal
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E10/00—Energy generation through renewable energy sources
- Y02E10/40—Solar thermal energy, e.g. solar towers
Landscapes
- Central Heating Systems (AREA)
- Building Environments (AREA)
- Central Air Conditioning (AREA)
Description
【０００１】[0001]
【発明の属する技術分野】本発明は、鉄筋コンクリート
製構造体の内部温度を調整する方法に関するものであ
る。鉄筋コンクリート製の集合住宅や事務所建物には高
い居住性が求められ、このため、建物を構成するコンク
リート製構造体の蓄熱に着目し、その温度を制御するこ
とにより快適な環境が求められる。BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention The present invention relates to a method for adjusting the internal temperature of a reinforced concrete structure. High livability is required for reinforced concrete apartment houses and office buildings. Therefore, a comfortable environment is required by paying attention to the heat storage of the concrete structure constituting the building and controlling the temperature.
【０００２】[0002]
【従来の技術】図２は従来の技術を説明するもので、鉄
筋コンクリート製構造体における壁の断面を示してい
る。同図の壁は外装材２０，コンクリート２２，断熱材
２４，内装材２６の４層構造とされており、夏期はコン
クリート２２に蓄積された日射熱の室内侵入が断熱材２
４で抑止される。2. Description of the Related Art FIG. 2 illustrates a conventional technique and shows a cross section of a wall in a reinforced concrete structure. The wall in the figure has a four-layer structure including an exterior material 20, concrete 22, a heat insulating material 24, and an interior material 26. In the summer, the infiltration of solar heat accumulated in the concrete 22 into the heat insulating material 2
Suppressed by 4.
【０００３】また、冬期は室内からコンクリート２２へ
至る熱伝導路が断熱材２４で絶たれ、室温の低下が抑制
される。Further, in winter, the heat conduction path from the room to the concrete 22 is cut off by the heat insulating material 24, so that the decrease in room temperature is suppressed.
【０００４】[0004]
【発明が解決しようとする課題】夏期においては、日向
側の壁面が日中に熱を蓄積して日没後に室内へ熱を輻射
する輻射放熱により、冷房機を作動させても室温が下が
りにくい。また冬期においては、日陰側の壁が冷えたま
まとなることから、暖房機を作動させても室温が上昇し
にくい。In the summer, the wall surface on the sunlit side accumulates heat in the daytime and radiates heat to the room after sunset, so that the room temperature does not easily drop even when the air conditioner is operated. . Also, in winter, the wall on the shaded side remains cold, so it is difficult to raise the room temperature even if the heater is operated.
【０００５】本発明は上記の事情に鑑みて為されたもの
であり、その目的は、冷暖房に要するエネルギーの消費
量を削減することが可能となる方法を提供することにあ
る。The present invention has been made in view of the above circumstances, and an object thereof is to provide a method capable of reducing the consumption of energy required for cooling and heating.
【０００６】[0006]
【課題を解決するための手段】・第１発明
図１において、日向側の壁と日陰側の壁に可撓性を有す
る管材、例えばフレキシブルな配線用コンクリート打ち
込み管材（以下ＣＤ管１０という）を埋め込んで、該Ｃ
Ｄ管１０及びＣＤ管間に設けられた空調機１４を含んで
閉路を形成し、冬期は、ＣＤ管１０内の空気を日向側の
壁より日陰側の壁へ向かい強制循環させ、夏期は、ＣＤ
管１０内の空気を日陰側の壁より日向側の壁へ向かい強
制循環させるとともに、構造体１２の日陰側から外気を
前記閉路へ取り込み、日向側から外部へ排出し、日陰側
の外部には前記構造体１２の日陰側から外気を前記閉路
へ取り込む空調機１４の吸気口が設けられ、日向側の外
部には壁に埋め込まれたＣＤ管１０及び前記空調機側の
管路と連通した排気口が設けられ、前記ＣＤ管１０及び
前記管路と前記排気口の連通部分には、夏期には空調機
１４側の管路を閉じ、冬期には排気口側の管路を閉じる
弁１６が設けられている。 First Invention In FIG. 1, a flexible pipe material, for example, a flexible concrete driving pipe material (hereinafter referred to as a CD pipe 10) is provided on the sunlit side wall and the shaded side wall. Embed it in the C
An air conditioner 14 provided between the D pipe 10 and the CD pipe is included to form a closed circuit, and in the winter, the air in the CD pipe 10 is forcedly circulated from the wall on the shade side toward the wall on the shade side. , Summer, CD
The air in the pipe 10 is forcedly circulated from the wall on the shade side toward the wall on the shade side, and the outside air is taken into the closed circuit from the shade side of the structure 12 and discharged to the outside from the shade side.
Outside of the structure 12, the outside air is closed from the shade side of the structure 12.
The air intake of the air conditioner 14 is installed on the outside
In the part, the CD tube 10 embedded in the wall and the air conditioner side
An exhaust port communicating with the pipe is provided, and the CD pipe 10 and
An air conditioner may be installed in the communication part between the pipe and the exhaust port in the summer.
Close the pipeline on the 14th side, and close the pipeline on the exhaust port side in winter.
A valve 16 is provided.
【０００７】（作用）
日中は南側と屋上側の壁が日射で蓄熱し、北側の壁はそ
の蓄熱を行わない。そこでこれらの壁に可撓性を有する
ＣＤ管１０を埋め込んで空調機１４を含んだ閉路を形成
する。冬期は、南側や屋上側の壁から北側の壁へ向かい
ＣＤ管１０内の空気を強制循環させ、南側や屋上側の壁
が蓄積した日射熱を北側の壁へ送り、これを暖める。し
たがって、日射熱を構造体内部の熱源として利用でき
る。(Operation) During the daytime, the south side wall and the roof side wall store heat by solar radiation, and the north side wall does not store the heat. Therefore, a flexible CD tube 10 is embedded in these walls to form a closed circuit including the air conditioner 14 . In winter, the air in the CD tube 10 is forcedly circulated from the south or roof side wall to the north wall, and the solar heat accumulated in the south or roof side wall is sent to the north side wall to warm it. Therefore, the solar heat can be used as a heat source inside the structure.
【０００８】また夏期は、構造体１０の北側から外気を
前記閉路へ取り込んで北側の壁から屋上側や南側の壁へ
送り込み、建物の南側から排出することにより、屋上側
や南側の壁が内部蓄積した日射熱を構造体１２の外へ放
出させる。このため、屋上や南側の壁から建物内部へ輻
射する輻射放熱の量がわずかとなり、その建物内部の温
度上昇が大きく抑制される。
・第２発明
図１において、日向側の壁と日陰側の壁に可撓性を有す
るＣＤ管１０を埋め込んで該ＣＤ管１０及びＣＤ管間に
設けられた空調機１４を含んで閉路を形成し、冬期は、
ＣＤ管１０内の空気を日向側の壁より日陰側の壁へ向か
い強制循環させ、夏期は、ＣＤ管１０内の空気を日陰側
の壁より日向側の壁へ向かい強制循環させるとともに、
構造体１２の日陰側から外気を取り込んで必要に応じ冷
却してから前記閉路へ送り込み、日向側から外部へ排出
し、日陰側の外部には前記構造体１２の日陰側から外気
を前記閉路へ取り込む空調機１４の吸気口が設けられ、
日向側の外部には壁に埋め込まれたＣＤ管１０及び前記
空調機側の管路と連通した排気口が設けられ、前記ＣＤ
管１０及び前記管路と前記排気口の連通部分には、夏期
には空調機１４側の管路を閉じ、冬期には排気口側の管
路を閉じる弁１６が設けられている。 Further, in the summer, outside air is taken into the closed circuit from the north side of the structure 10 and fed from the north side wall to the roof side or south side wall and discharged from the south side of the building, so that the roof side or the south side wall is internally The accumulated solar heat is released to the outside of the structure 12. For this reason, the amount of radiant heat radiated from the roof or south side wall to the inside of the building becomes small, and the temperature rise inside the building is greatly suppressed. Second invention In Fig. 1, a flexible CD tube 10 is embedded in the wall on the sunlit side and the wall on the shaded side, and between the CD tube 10 and the CD tube.
A closed circuit is formed by including the air conditioner 14 provided, and in the winter,
The air in the CD tube 10 is forcedly circulated toward the shaded wall from the sunlit side wall, and in the summer, the air in the CD tube 10 is forcedly circulated from the shaded side wall to the sunward side wall.
The outside air is taken in from the shade side of the structure 12, cooled if necessary, and then sent to the closed circuit, and discharged from the sun side to the outside.
However, the outside of the shade side is exposed to the outside air from the shade side of the structure 12.
Is provided with an air intake port of the air conditioner 14 for taking the air into the closed circuit,
Outside the sunlit side, the CD tube 10 embedded in the wall and the
An exhaust port communicating with the air conditioner side pipe is provided, and the CD
The pipe 10 and the communicating portion between the pipe and the exhaust port are
Close the pipeline on the side of the air conditioner 14
A valve 16 for closing the passage is provided.
【０００９】（作用）
夏期には取り込まれた外気が必要に応じて冷却されるの
で、構造体内部の温度がより適切なものに保たれる。(Operation) Since the outside air taken in is cooled as needed in the summer, the temperature inside the structure is kept more appropriate.
【００１０】[0010]
【発明の実施の形態】図１の構造体１２は３階ＲＣ造の
建物で、その地下室には空調機１４が設置されている。
図３にはこの構造体１２の壁の縦断面が示されており、
図２の従来における場合と同様に外装材２０，コンクリ
ート２２，断熱材２４，内装材２６の４層構造とされて
いるものの、コンクリート２２の部分にＣＤ管１０が埋
設されている。BEST MODE FOR CARRYING OUT THE INVENTION The structure 12 of FIG. 1 is a building of RC construction on the third floor, and an air conditioner 14 is installed in its basement.
FIG. 3 shows a longitudinal section of the wall of this structure 12,
As in the conventional case of FIG. 2, the exterior pipe 20, the concrete 22, the heat insulating material 24, and the interior material 26 have a four-layer structure, but the CD pipe 10 is embedded in the concrete 22 portion.
【００１１】図４にはコンクリート２２の部分を形成す
るコンクリート版の上面が示されており、ＣＤ管１０は
各コンクリート版内で互いに平行な姿勢かつ等間隔に４
本埋め込まれている。そして構造体１２の壁全てにこの
コンクリート版が使用されており、図３から理解される
ように、地下室の空調機１４から南側の壁，屋上側の
壁，北側の壁を経由してその空調機１４へ再び戻るＣＤ
管１０の閉路が形成されている。FIG. 4 shows the upper surface of the concrete slab forming the portion of the concrete 22, and the CD pipes 10 are parallel to each other in each concrete slab and are arranged at equal intervals.
The book is embedded. This concrete slab is used for all the walls of the structure 12, and as can be seen from FIG. 3, the air conditioner 14 in the basement is passed through the south side wall, the roof side wall, and the north side wall for air conditioning. CD back to machine 14
A closed circuit of the tube 10 is formed.
【００１２】ただし、構造体１２の北側には空調機１４
の吸気口が設けられており、南側壁の下側にはその壁に
埋め込まれたＣＤ管１０と連通した排気口が設けられて
いる。さらに、このＣＤ管１０と排気口の連通部分には
弁１６が設けられており、弁１６は夏期の場合空調機１
４側の管路を閉じ、冬期の場合排気口側の管路を閉じ
る。However, an air conditioner 14 is provided on the north side of the structure 12.
Is provided, and an exhaust port communicating with the CD pipe 10 embedded in the wall is provided below the south side wall. Further, a valve 16 is provided in a communication portion between the CD pipe 10 and the exhaust port, and the valve 16 is used in the summer when the air conditioner 1 is used.
Close the pipeline on the 4 side, and in the winter, close the pipeline on the exhaust port side.
【００１３】空調機１４は夏期に構造体北側の吸気口か
ら外気を取り込み、その温度に応じまたは管理者の指示
に従いこれを冷却して北側壁内のＣＤ管１０へ送り出
す。空調機１４より北側壁内へ送り出された冷気は屋上
と南側の壁内を通流してそれらから日射による内部蓄積
熱を奪い、弁１６を駆動して構造体１２の南壁下側より
外部へ排出される。The air conditioner 14 takes in the outside air from the intake port on the north side of the structure in the summer, cools it according to the temperature thereof or according to the instruction of the administrator, and sends it to the CD pipe 10 in the north side wall. The cool air sent from the air conditioner 14 into the north side wall flows through the roof side and the south side wall to remove the internally stored heat from them and drive the valve 16 to the outside from the lower side of the south wall of the structure 12. Is discharged.
【００１４】したがって、構造体１２の壁全てが外気温
程度に保たれ、このため、構造体内部の居住性が高めら
れる。その際に外気が構造体１２の冷却に利用されるこ
とから、室内冷房によるエネルギー消費量が大幅に抑制
され、これに要する経費が削減される。また冬期の場
合、空調機１４は北側の吸気口を閉じ、夏期と逆の方向
にＣＤ管１０内の空気を通流させ、これに南側の排気口
を閉じさせる。Therefore, all the walls of the structure 12 are kept at about the outside temperature, which improves the habitability inside the structure. At this time, the outside air is used to cool the structure 12, so that the energy consumption due to the indoor cooling is significantly suppressed and the cost required for this is reduced. Further, in the winter season, the air conditioner 14 closes the intake port on the north side, allows the air in the CD pipe 10 to flow in the opposite direction to the summer season, and closes the exhaust port on the south side.
【００１５】このため、地下室，南側壁，屋上側壁，北
側壁，地下室の経路でＣＤ管１０内を空気が繰り返し循
環する。したがって、南側壁及び屋上側壁が吸収した日
射熱が北側壁を暖め、その結果、構造体内部の温度が上
昇し、暖房費が削減される。以上のように、冬期は日射
を熱源として構造体１２の全体が暖められ、夏期は日射
の蓄積熱が外部へ排出されるので、例えば図５，図６の
ように従来と比して顕著な温度変化抑制の効果が得ら
れ、暖房費や冷房費が著しく削減される。Therefore, air is repeatedly circulated in the CD pipe 10 along the route of the basement, the south side wall, the roof side wall, the north side wall, and the basement. Therefore, the solar heat absorbed by the south side wall and the roof side wall warms the north side wall, and as a result, the temperature inside the structure rises and the heating cost is reduced. As described above, the entire structure 12 is warmed by using the solar radiation as a heat source in the winter season, and the accumulated heat of the solar radiation is discharged to the outside in the summer season. Therefore, for example, as shown in FIGS. The effect of suppressing temperature change is obtained, and heating and cooling costs are significantly reduced.
【００１６】[0016]
【発明の効果】以上説明したように本発明によれば、冬
期は日射を熱源として構造体全体が加温、夏期は日射の
蓄積熱が構造体外部へ排出され、冬は暖かく夏は涼しく
なるように構造体内部の温度が調整されるので、その暖
房費や冷房費を大幅に削減することが可能となる。As described above, according to the present invention, the entire structure is heated by using the solar radiation as a heat source in the winter, and the accumulated heat of the solar radiation is discharged to the outside of the structure in the summer, which makes the winter warm and the summer cool. Since the temperature inside the structure is adjusted as described above, the heating cost and the cooling cost can be significantly reduced.
【００１７】しかも、ＣＤ管が安価で、コンクリート版
に埋設されることから、構造体建設の材料に要する費用
の増加は無視できるほどで、施工も従前とほぼ同様に行
える。Moreover, since the CD pipe is inexpensive and is embedded in the concrete slab, the increase in the cost required for the material for constructing the structure is negligible, and the construction can be performed almost in the same manner as before.
【図１】発明が適用された構造体の説明図FIG. 1 is an explanatory diagram of a structure to which the invention is applied.
【図２】従来技術の説明図FIG. 2 is an explanatory diagram of a conventional technique.
【図３】発明が適用された壁の縦断面図FIG. 3 is a vertical sectional view of a wall to which the invention is applied.
【図４】ＣＤ管のコンクリート版における埋設位置説明
図FIG. 4 is an explanatory diagram of the embedding position of the CD pipe in the concrete plate.
【図５】発明の効果を説明する特性図FIG. 5 is a characteristic diagram illustrating effects of the invention.
【図６】発明の効果を説明する特性図FIG. 6 is a characteristic diagram illustrating effects of the invention.
１０ ＣＤ管 １２ 構造体 １４ 空調機 １６ 弁 10 CD tube 12 structures 14 air conditioner 16 valves
───────────────────────────────────────────────────── フロントページの続き (72)発明者 小林 重太郎 東京都千代田区三番町２番地 飛島建設 株式会社内 (56)参考文献 特開 平５−202564（ＪＰ，Ａ) 特開 平６−229034（ＪＰ，Ａ) 特開 昭60−226932（ＪＰ，Ａ) 実開 昭57−105512（ＪＰ，Ｕ) (58)調査した分野(Int.Cl.7，ＤＢ名) E04B 1/62 - 1/99 F24D 11/00 F24J 2/42 ─────────────────────────────────────────────────── ─── Continuation of the front page (72) Inventor Shigetaro Kobayashi 2 Sanbancho, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo Within Tobishima Construction Co., Ltd. (56) References JP-A-5-202564 (JP, A) JP-A-6-229034 (JP, A) JP 60-226932 (JP, A) Actual development 57-105512 (JP, U) (58) Fields investigated (Int.Cl. 7 , DB name) E04B 1/62 -1 / 99 F24D 11/00 F24J 2/42
Claims (2)
み、該管材及び管材間に設けられた空調機を含んで閉路
を形成し、 冬期は、前記管材内の空気を日向側の壁より日陰側の壁
へ向かい強制循環させ、 夏期は、前記管材内の空気を日陰側の壁より日向側の壁
へ向かい強制循環させるとともに、構造体の日陰側から
外気を前記閉路へ取り込み、日向側から外部へ排出して
なり、 日陰側の外部には前記構造体の日陰側から外気を前記閉
路へ取り込む空調機の吸気口が設けられ、日向側の外部
には壁に埋め込まれた管材及び前記空調機側の管路と連
通した排気口が設けられ、前記管材及び前記管路と前記
排気口の連通部分に、夏期には空調機側の管路を閉じ、
冬期には排気口側の管路を閉じる弁が設けられている、 ことを特徴とした鉄筋コンクリート製構造体の内部温度
調整方法1. A pipe material is embedded in a wall on the sunlit side and a wall on the shaded side.
Including the air conditioner installed between the pipe material and the pipe materialCycle
To form In winter, the air inside the pipe is shaded from the shaded wall.
And forced circulation to During the summer, the air in the pipes is used on the sunward side of the shade side wall.
From the shaded side of the structure
Take in outside air into the closed circuit and discharge it from the sun to the outside.do it
Becomes Outside the shade side, the outside air is closed from the shade side of the structure.
The air intake of the air conditioner that takes in the road is provided, and the outside of the sun
Is connected to the pipe material embedded in the wall and the pipeline on the air conditioner side.
An exhaust port through which the pipe material and the pipe line are connected is provided.
In the summer, close the duct on the air conditioner side to the communication part of the exhaust port,
In winter, there is a valve that closes the pipeline on the exhaust port side. Internal temperature of reinforced concrete structure characterized by
Adjustment method
み、該管材及び管材間に設けられた空調機を含んで閉路
を形成し、 冬期は、前記管材内の空気を日向側の壁より日陰側の壁
へ向かい強制循環させ、 夏期は、前記管材内の空気を日陰側の壁より日向側の壁
へ向かい強制循環させるとともに、前記空調機は、構造
体の日陰側から外気を前記閉路へ取り込み必要に応じて
冷却してから前記閉路へ送り込み、日向側から外部へ排
出してなり、 日陰側の外部には前記構造体の日陰側から外気を前記閉
路へ取り込む空調機の吸気口が設けられ、日向側の外部
には壁に埋め込まれた管材及び前記空調機側の管路と連
通した排気口が設けられ、前記管材及び前記管路と前記
排気口の連通部分に、夏期には空調機側の管路を閉じ、
冬期には排気口側の管路を閉じる弁が設けられている、 ことを特徴とした鉄筋コンクリート製構造体の内部温度
調整方法2. A pipe material is embedded in the sunlit wall and the shaded wall.
Including the air conditioner installed between the pipe material and the pipe materialCycle
To form In winter, the air inside the pipe is shaded from the shaded wall.
And forced circulation to During the summer, the air in the pipes is used on the sunward side of the shade side wall.
And forced circulation towardsThe air conditioner isConstruction
Incorporate outside air into the closed circuit from the shaded side of the body as necessary
After cooling, it is sent to the closed circuit and discharged from the sunward side to the outside.
OutDone, Outside the shade side, the outside air is closed from the shade side of the structure.
The air intake of the air conditioner that takes in the road is provided, and the outside of the sun
Is connected to the pipe material embedded in the wall and the pipeline on the air conditioner side.
An exhaust port through which the pipe material and the pipe line are connected is provided.
In the summer, close the duct on the air conditioner side to the communication part of the exhaust port,
In winter, there is a valve that closes the pipeline on the exhaust port side. Internal temperature of reinforced concrete structure characterized by
Adjustment method
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP23290196A JP3431410B2 (en) | 1996-09-03 | 1996-09-03 | Method for adjusting internal temperature of reinforced concrete structure |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP23290196A JP3431410B2 (en) | 1996-09-03 | 1996-09-03 | Method for adjusting internal temperature of reinforced concrete structure |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| JPH1077692A JPH1077692A (en) | 1998-03-24 |
| JP3431410B2 true JP3431410B2 (en) | 2003-07-28 |
Family
ID=16946623
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP23290196A Expired - Fee Related JP3431410B2 (en) | 1996-09-03 | 1996-09-03 | Method for adjusting internal temperature of reinforced concrete structure |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| JP (1) | JP3431410B2 (en) |
Families Citing this family (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JP2016050414A (en) * | 2014-08-29 | 2016-04-11 | 旭化成ホームズ株式会社 | Apartment house |
-
1996
- 1996-09-03 JP JP23290196A patent/JP3431410B2/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| JPH1077692A (en) | 1998-03-24 |
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