JP3424190B2 - GfK that can be fixed - Google Patents

Abstract

A rock anchor (1), which can be secured in any position by fitting a tensioner, has a securing section (4) consisting of a tensioning sleeve (6) with a counter taper (7) and a wedge (8) matching the tensioning sleeve (6) which can be fitted over the anchor pin (2). The wedge slope is about 3 DEG , as is that of the taper (7), so that it is possible not only to insert the wedge (8) reliably into the taper (7) but also to apply the tensional forces evenly without peak tensions and consequent wear on the GFP anchor pin. The GFP anchor pin does not have to be slotted; rather, securing is effected by suitably fitting the securing section (4) and fixing the wedge (8) by a tensioner (9) or a tensioning screw (16), so that the fixing may be made at virtually any point on the anchor pin (2).

Description

The present invention relates to a ground anchor comprising a GfK (glass fiber reinforced plastic) -anchor rod, a ball cap plate, a fixing mechanism that abuts the anchor rod, and a tensioning device having a tension screw thread. .

The rock anchor is used for civil engineering works and underground civil engineering works in rock construction sites, and the ground itself has sufficient stability, but the strata existing in the vicinity of the constructed cavity are defined by mutual definition. Used in places that must be stable. Rock anchors made of steel and rock anchors made of GfK-material are known. European Patent Publication No. 94 908 discloses a glass fiber reinforced synthetic resin anchor, which is excellent in that it has an extremely high tensile strength, but it also has a low weight. It is excellent in that it is said that Anchor rods as such anchors do not corrode and therefore have a long service life. To effect anchoring, the GfK-tube is equipped with threads on which the anchor screw moves. From European Patent Publication No. 188 174, a GfK-anchor is known, in which the GfK-anchor is provided with suitable threads at the end projecting from the bore. An anchor nut with a ball cap-shaped disc slides over this thread, thus allowing anchor anchoring. But the downside is
It is expensive to manufacture the threads and special attention must be paid to the formation of the threads in order to ensure that the required force transmission takes place. It has been found that the threads, which are formed on the GfK-tube, but are particularly sticky, do not withstand high loads and rather tear. In order to avoid this tear, according to DE 29 03 694, the GfK-tube is provided with a slit and a wedge is introduced, which allows anchoring without worrying about screw thread tearing. It is known that it is possible. However, it is a prerequisite that proper wedges are provided at both ends. This is because, if this is not done, fixing cannot be performed with sufficient stability. A further disadvantage is that it is theoretically possible to cure the perforations with a resin, but this is very expensive to do. It is also a disadvantage that the arrangement has to be made approximately at a right angle between the anchor rod and the ground wall in order to make it possible to fix the ball-hat shaped disc by means of the anchor nuts without problems. In addition, multiple multiple rust bodies
Wedge arrangements have been carried out, but the large number of many rusty bodies not only requires an expensive manufacturing process, but is also difficult to assemble. One wedge or a large number of wedges at both ends has a large slope, which avoids withdrawal from the GfK-tube during tensioning. A solution to a similar problem is known from EP-A-14 426, but in this solution anchor anchorage is provided in the perforations at the ends provided in the perforations in the tension material. This is accomplished by inserting a mating expansion sleeve. Tension nuts are provided at the opposite ends and are anchored at the outer ends of the tension members when rotated by the tensioning means. The expansion of the slit-formed end of the GfK-tube is provided by a expansion sleeve with a corresponding internal bore, which in particular according to an embodiment is conical in the upper region. This is achieved by allowing full expansion of the expansion mandrel into the expansion sleeve. The disadvantage here is that a tension peak is formed at the transition region, i.e. at the position where the wall of the GfK-tube is pressed against the inner wall of the expansion sleeve, which leads to tearing and thus the effectiveness of the anchor. To be lost. Distributing the force on the one hand by the shape of the expanding mandrel and on the other hand by the shape of the expanding sleeve is inconvenient,
Moreover, accurate transmission of forces is not possible, and thus such a GfK-ground anchor-configuration does not allow accurate work. GfK-ground anchors are known from DE 39 02 727, but in this GfK-ground anchor, the expanding mandrel and the inner wall of the wedge-shaped sleeve are formed in a conical shape. The tension peak therefore does not occur in this region. In this configuration as well as in the other configurations described, one expanding rust body must be provided each
GfK-requires a short split of anchor rod. As a result, the tensioning mechanism can be provided at each predetermined end, and it is impossible to say that the effect of the ground anchor is guaranteed even after the shotcrete is placed, especially by post-tensioning or the like.

From the above, the problem underlying the present invention is that, on the one hand, it is possible to accept high tensile stresses and, to a greater or lesser extent, can be fixed at each position of the anchor rod. It is an object of the present invention to provide a fixing mechanism that can be easily and surely provided at the side end.

According to the invention, the fixing mechanism is formed by a tensioning sleeve with a wedge body which is formed in correspondence with the opposite cone, the wedge body being formed so as to be slidable on the anchor rod. And is configured to be movable in the longitudinal direction of the counter-cone via a tensioning device, the tensioning device being slidable on the anchor rod and partially retractable into the tensioning sleeve or the counter-cone. And that the wedge body is formed on the inner surface to have a greater coefficient of friction than on the outer surface or to produce such a coefficient of friction.

In the case of such a ground anchor, GfK-tube or G
fK-It is possible to completely avoid the disadvantageous cracking that determines exactly the fixing position of the anchor rod. On the contrary, the tensioning sleeve is slid on the anchor rod together with the counter-cone, after which the wedge also slides on the anchor rod and is slid into the tensioning sleeve with the counter-cone. This tensioning sleeve of the wedge body and this pushing into the counter cone are carried out and assisted by a tensioning device which is retracted into the tension sleeve or the counter cone, pushing the wedge body in front of itself. go. Since the wedge body is formed on the inner surface with a greater coefficient of friction or on the outer surface than on the outer surface, the wedge body is correspondingly pressed into the tensioning sleeve and the countercone. at the same time,
The wedge body is fixed, so that the entire fixing mechanism is GfK.
-Fixed in a certain area on the anchor rod, so that an effective and consistent bond is formed, in which case tension peaks do not occur in any area. The tensile force is evenly distributed over the entire length of the tensioning sleeve on the GfK-anchor rod, so there is no risk of cracking. For example, since sprayed concrete is placed inside, if re-tensioning must be performed, after the sprayed concrete has hardened, a tensioning sleeve that was previously removed together with the conical cone is newly installed, and as described above. Fixed. This results in a solution that is extremely versatile, adapted to the situation in which it is to be carried out, and that has a long service life and the acceptance of high tensile forces as mentioned above. GfK
-The anchor rod can be shortened at any position,
This completes the natural anchor by providing a tensioning mechanism and a fixing mechanism. Due to the special formation of the wedge body used, it is prevented from sliding. This is because, as described above, the wedge body has a larger friction coefficient on the inner surface than on the outer surface.

According to a suitable construction according to the invention, the fastening mechanism is made of a fiber composite material, in which case the tensioning sleeve consists of a radially wound synthetic resin material. This fiber composite material has significantly more favorable properties than the fiber-reinforced synthetic resins hitherto used, so that the concepts GfK-anchor rod and GfK-ground anchor no longer apply. By varying the material, the fixing mechanism can be advantageously adapted to the respective expected tensile load, and eventually it is possible to apply tensile loads of 10 t or more, for example by using aluminum as the wedge body. Furthermore, the material of the tensioning sleeve is of importance and the fiber composite material is provided according to the invention. In this case, the tensioning sleeve consists of a fiber-reinforced synthetic resin material wound in the radial direction. In this case, this material, and in particular the material of the tensioning sleeve of the wedge, is provided such that the glass fibers used in each case stand upright in a direction substantially perpendicular to the anchor rod. Correspondingly formed tensioning sleeves in particular allow tensile loads above 16 t.

In order to facilitate the arrangement of the wedge body, according to the present invention,
The wedge of the fastening mechanism is formed from two parts, in particular two halves. These two halves are provided around the circumference of the anchor rod, along which they are pushed into the tensioning sleeve and the opposing cone until the movement of the wedge blocks the movement. This gradient is then overcome by the tensioning device as far as possible and necessary, ensuring that the two-part wedges each occupy the required and correct final position.

The counterpart cone and the wedge are matched with respect to their shape and the materials used are also equal. In this case, in order to enable their respective matching, according to the invention, the counter cone is injection-moulded into the tensioning sleeve and has a different material mixture. The tensioning sleeve must accept a high pressing force as such, while the material and the shape of the counter-cone is such that the wedge body is pressed in and pressed into it, which results in a correspondingly high friction force. And it must be guaranteed that it can be established. It is also possible here for the wedge body to consist of a number of partial wedge bodies which engage one another in the longitudinal direction of the tensioning sleeve, this being done appropriately depending on the tensile force etc. to be received depending on the length. It is possible.

As already mentioned above, the effectiveness of the tensioning mechanism at the perforation is achieved by the adaptation of the wedge body and the counter-cone, of course also via the respective gradients. The wedge bodies preferably have a wedge slope of 1-7,5 °, in particular 3-4 °. This and the choice of a certain material prevent the wedge body from slipping out, ensuring a stable seating in the counter cone and thus in the tensioning sleeve.

For some reason, when the choice of material changes, the above does not incur much expense, even with respect to the material used, with the appropriate selection of wedges or appropriate treatment. It is possible by taking it.
This is expediently done by the fact that the wedge body comprises 25-35% of the total material weight of the wedge body and the counter cone.

Furthermore, in any case, the wedge body has a greater coefficient of friction on the inner surface than on the outer surface, or is designed to be capable of producing such friction, in this case It has already been mentioned above that, according to a suitable construction of the invention, the friction surface between the anchor rod and the inner surface of the wedge body is enlarged by suitable shaping. That is, it is possible to effectively enlarge the surface of the anchor rod by an appropriate arch-shaped notch or the like.

With suitable construction, it is also possible to roughen the inner surface of the wedge or to give it a surface morphology similar to this, in which way the coefficient of friction can be varied or increased accordingly. In that case, the surface of the wedge body generally changes, and the surface of the opposite cone also changes. The reason for this is simply that the inner surface of the wedge body and the inner surface of the anchor rod are in contact with each other.

The natural anchor according to the present invention is an adhesive anchor (Kleberan
ker), or if the anchor rods have internal perforations according to the construction of the invention, they can be used for permanent soil construction (Verpressarbeiten). This is achieved by juxtaposing and molding long glass fibers together during the manufacturing process, which glass fibers are then embedded in the material to form the tight walls of the anchor tube. The anchoring material is pressed into the deepest part of the perforations via the inner perforations, so that the anchors are adhered over their entire length, for example when simultaneously adhering the abutting rock formations.

The inner perforations are oval shaped and / or partially reach the outer surface in an attempt to ensure that synthetic resin or other anchoring material can flow out at multiple positions along the length of the anchor rod. It is advantageous to have a notch. Due to this special construction, the notches allow the adhesive to seep out in the predetermined area, so that the desired effect is realized. The disadvantage here is that the tensile strength of the anchor rod is sometimes impaired under these configurations, especially if these cutouts are formed somewhat irregularly in the length.

If the ground anchor needs to be tensioned, this is achieved according to another feature of the invention by the tensioning sleeve being slidable relative to the ball cap in the longitudinal direction of the anchor rod. This creates a sufficiently high pretension and thus the effectiveness of the ground anchor. This is possible in particular because the tensioning sleeve is provided with an external thread at the end facing the ball cap plate and corresponding threads are formed on the ball cap plate.

In order to make the tensioning mechanism simpler, according to the invention, the tensioning sleeve and the counter cone are mounted in the ball cap so that they can be swiveled in only one direction. Therefore, there is no need to form the tensioning sleeve in a spherical shape, which simplifies the manufacture and allows the tensioning mechanism to be fixed at any desired position of the anchor rod. With such a formation of the anchor rod and the tensioning mechanism, a wide range of variations is possible, so that the tensioning sleeve and the ball cap can be assembled at the same time, which means that the ball cap can be transported for transport. This is facilitated by the mating cone and its connection with the tensioning sleeve via the shear pin. If the assembly and the first mutual movement are carried out in relation to each other, the shear pin shears and the counter cone and the tensioning sleeve can pivot and move relative to the ball cap.

The wedge device is pushed into the opposite cone by a tensioning device. This is particularly advantageous because the tensioning device is designed as a tensioning screw which can slide on the anchor rod. According to this configuration, i.e. the tensioning screw screwed onto the anchor rod into the tensioning sleeve, the wedge body is pressed uniformly and effectively, so that an effective locking of the tensioning and locking mechanism on the anchor rod is achieved. It becomes possible.

The present invention is particularly effective at the end on the side of the perforation mouth,
It is also characterized by the fact that it provides a rock anchor that is fixed so that the tensile force is increased, which is done by relatively simple means and is as easy as even an unskilled worker can do. Is. The locking mechanism is delivered as a complete unit, pushed into the anchor rod projecting from the hole and then only the wedge is tightened by the tensioning screw, which results in an effective connection between the locking mechanism or the tensioning mechanism and the anchor rod. Can be reached. The tension screw has a thread which corresponds to the thread in the opposite cone, thus ensuring a uniform interference sliding of the wedge body. This special configuration of wedge and counter cone ensures a uniform wedge introduction. As a result, a permanent and secure connection between the anchor rod and the fixing mechanism is ensured. 13t by selecting appropriate material
Alternatively, it is possible to increase the tensile force more than that, and therefore it is possible to adapt to the respective rock mass characteristics,
Moreover, in this case, it is not necessary to adopt another type of anchor. Realignment or restenction can be achieved without problems, since the locking mechanism can be advantageously provided practically at any position of the anchor rod. This is because fixing can be achieved by correspondingly forming the fixing mechanism.

Other details and advantages of the subject matter of the invention are apparent from the following description of the accompanying drawings in which the preferred embodiments are shown in the detail and detail necessary therefor.

Fig. 1 is a cross-sectional view of the ground anchor at the end of the hole side, Fig. 2 is a cross-sectional view of the opposite cone, Fig. 3 is a cross-sectional view of the tension device and tension screw, and Fig. 4 is a schematic view of the wedge body. FIG. 5 is a cross-sectional view of the anchor rod, and FIG. 6 is a schematic view of a ball cap plate.

FIG. 1 shows the ground anchor 1 in a side view, and in a state in which the end portion projects from the hole. At this time, from the sectional view shown here, the anchor rod 2-in this embodiment, GfK-consisting of the tubular body-is effectively fixed in the space between the ball cap plate 3 and the ground 4-the present embodiment. , Which are shown in cross section.

The fixing mechanism 4 comprises a tensioning sleeve 6, a counter cone 7 and a wedge body 8. The tensioning sleeve 6 consists of a radially wound GfK-material, the tensioning sleeve 17
Accepts -18t.

The counter cone 7 is formed on the tensioning sleeve 6 by injection molding and is made of the same material as the wedge body 8.

The tensioning device 9 forces the wedge body 8 onto the anchor rod 2 and along it into the opposite cone 7 so that a uniform and effective force acts on the anchor rod 2. However, in this case, no problematic band is generated, and therefore no crack is generated.

The coefficient of friction of the inner surface 10 is greater than that of the outer surface 11, thus ensuring effective "sticking" of the wedge body 8 on the anchor rod 2. The wedge body 8 has a slope of 3-4,5 ° -the optimum being 3 °. Due to the gradient and selection of materials, the wedge body 8 is prevented from coming off the cylinder in any case,
An effective fixing of the fixing mechanism 4 on the anchor rod 2 is guaranteed.

The inner wall 12 of the counter cone 7 and the outer surface 11 of the wedge body 8 have a matching slope, so that a uniform formation of the force is ensured. At the end where the tensioning sleeve 6 faces the ball cap 3, a collar ring 13 ensures a reliable reception of the force and an expanding member 14 is provided at the opposite end of the counter cone 7. Therefore, during injection molding of the mating cone 7 into the tensioning sleeve 6, a firm connection is achieved despite the different materials.

At the end of the counter cone 7 facing the collar ring 13, the counter cone is provided with an internal thread 15, which internal thread 16 serves as a tensioning device 9.
It is formed corresponding to the notch 17 of the. A suitable thread 16 with hexagons 18, etc., is screwed into the counter cone 7 in a reliable manner, at the same time pushing the wedge 8 into the counter cone 7.

FIG. 2 shows a cross-section of the mating cone 7, in which a collar ring 13 is visible at the end 31 facing the cap 3 and is provided with an inner wall 15. Enlarged areas 14 are visible at the opposite ends. Wrapped in radial direction
The tensioning sleeve 6 made of GfK-material, not shown here, appears as if it were embedded in this countercone 7, more precisely, the countercone 6 is in or on the tensioning sleeve 6. It is molded by injection molding.

FIG. 3 shows a fixing screw 16 with an outer surface 17 and a hexagon 18, which is characterized by a simple construction.

Wedge body 8 which is important for the effectiveness of natural anchor 1
Is shown schematically in FIG. The outer surface 11 is characterized by having a slope of 3-4, 5 ° as already mentioned. In the embodiment shown in FIG. 4, the inner surface 10 of the wedge body 8 consisting of two halves 20 and 21 is formed with a friction surface 22 enlarged by a specially shaped part 23. This shaped part 23 corresponds to the shape of the anchor rod 2 which is apparent from FIG. 5, and therefore the required very high friction surfaces 22, 22 'are obtained in this case.

FIG. 5 shows the cross section of the anchor rod 2 as already mentioned. In this case, the outer surface 26 is an enlarged friction surface.
It is characterized by the previously mentioned molding 23 with 22 '. A central bore 26 is provided which is shaped oval when a lateral outlet is desired in a certain area. The inner bore 26 is then provided with lateral cutouts 27, 28 so that, as already mentioned, the compressive material which is strongly compressed by this inner bore 26 in a certain region from the anchor rod 2 on the side. It is advantageous to be able to leave.

FIG. 6 is a schematic view of the ball cap plate 3, and the tensioning sleeve 6
And a schematic view from the side facing the opposite cone 7 is shown. In this view, the ball cap 3 provided with holes 32 forms a sliding surface 30, which allows the tensioning sleeve 6 and the counter cone 7 to move in only one direction.
The counter cone 7 and the tensioning sleeve 6 are not spherically shaped, so that the above-mentioned limited maneuverability is allowed, taking into account the special construction of the ball cap 3.

All of the above features, features inferred only from the drawing,
The invention is provided independently and in combination.

─────────────────────────────────────────────────── ─── Continuation of the front page (72) Inventor Harve Wolfgang, Federal Republic of Germany, De-47877 Willich, Krefelder Strasse, 42 (72) Inventor Schauerte Wilhelm, Federal Republic of Germany, De-59394 Nordkirchen, Kett Teller Strasse, 21 (72) Inventor Kasselmann Jöchen, Federal Republic of Germany, Day-45964 Gladbeck, Buersche Strasse, 42 (72) Inventor, Jamundo Louisy, Italy, E-80063 Piano de Solent, Via Vanulo, 21 (56) Reference JP-A-55-105098 (JP, A) JP-A-6-240998 (JP, A) JP-B-2-9204 (JP, B2) Jpn. 5-35177 ( JP, Y2) (58) Field (Int.Cl. ^7, DB name) E21D 20/00 E21D 21/00 E02D 5/80

Claims (14)

(57) [Claims] 1. A ground anchor comprising a GfK-anchor rod, a ball cap plate, a fixing mechanism for abutting the anchor rod, and a tensioning device having a tension screw thread, wherein the fixing mechanism (4) comprises a counter cone (7). ) Is formed by a tensioning sleeve (6) having a wedge body (8) formed correspondingly to the anchor rod (2).
It is formed so as to be slidable on it and is movable via the tensioning device (9) in the longitudinal direction of the opposite cone, which tensioning device is partially on the anchor rod (2). Slidable and able to fit into the tensioning sleeve or the other conical body, and the wedge body (8) has a greater coefficient of friction on the inner surface (10) than on the outer surface (11), or A natural anchor characterized by being formed so as to have such a coefficient of friction. 2. A fastening mechanism (4) made of fiber composite material, wherein the tensioning sleeve (6) is made of radially wound synthetic resin material. Natural anchor described in paragraph. 3. Wedge body (8) of the fixing mechanism (4) forms two parts, in this case formed of two halves (20, 21). The natural anchor of item or item 2. 4. The conical cone (7) is a tensioning sleeve (6).
The ground anchor according to claim 1, wherein the ground anchor is injection-molded into the material and is provided with a different material mixture. 5. The wedge body (8) is 1-7,5 °, especially 3-4.
A wedge slope of ° is provided.
The natural anchor described in any one of 1 to 4. 6. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that the wedge body (8) comprises 25-35% of the total amount of material of the wedge body (8) and the counter cone (7). The natural anchor described in one. 7. The friction surface (22) between the anchor rod (2) and the inner surface (10) of the wedge body (8) is enlarged by a correspondingly shaped molding (23). The natural anchor according to claim 1. 8. Ground anchor according to claim 1, wherein the inner surface (10) of the wedge body (8) is roughened or has a similar surface morphology. 9. Ground anchor according to claim 1, characterized in that the anchor rod (2) is provided with an inner hole (26). 10. Inner bore (26) is oval-shaped and / or has a notch (27, 28) which partially reaches the outer surface (25). The natural anchor according to item 9. 11. The tensioning sleeve (6) is formed so as to be slidable in the longitudinal direction of the anchor rod (2) with respect to the ball cap plate (3). The natural anchor according to item 1. 12. Tension sleeve (6) according to claim 11, characterized in that it is provided with an external thread at the end (31) facing the ball cap plate (3). Natural anchor. 13. The tension sleeve (6) and the counter cone (7) are mounted in the ball cap so that they can be swiveled in only one direction.
Natural anchor described in paragraph. 14. The tensioning device (9) comprises an anchor rod (2).
Formed as a tension screw (16) slidable on the top,
14. The tension screw according to claim 1, characterized in that it comprises an outer thread (17) corresponding to the inner thread (15) belonging to the tension sleeve (6). The listed anchor.