JP3418354B2 - Resin / liquid crystal forming body, liquid crystal display device using the same, and manufacturing method thereof - Google Patents

Description

Detailed Description of the Invention

[0001]

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention The present invention relates to a resin / liquid crystal forming body applied to a blind glass having a light control function, a liquid crystal display device using the resin / liquid crystal forming body, and a manufacturing method thereof. is there.

[0002]

2. Description of the Related Art In a conventional TN type liquid crystal display device, a pair of glass substrates are bonded to each other through a spacer so as to form a predetermined gap, and liquid crystal is injected into the gap to form a liquid crystal panel. Polarizing plates are provided on both sides of the liquid crystal panel. A transparent pixel electrode and a thin film transistor (TFT) are formed on one side of the glass substrate. On the other glass substrate, a color mosaic filter composed of a red, green, and blue smiling filter group and a transparent common electrode are formed. An alignment film is formed on the transparent pixel electrode and the transparent common electrode of each glass substrate.
These alignment films are formed, for example, by applying polyvinyl alcohol or a polyimide solution on each electrode by a spinner to form a coating film, and then rubbing to perform an alignment treatment. In the liquid crystal display device as described above, the light of the backlight is emitted from the back side, and the image signal voltage is applied to each transparent pixel electrode through the TFT to control the light transmittance of the liquid crystal corresponding to each pixel. As a result, a color image is displayed.

[0003]

However, in the conventional liquid crystal display device, the transmittance of the color filter is low, so that the overall transmittance is lowered. Particularly, in the reflection type liquid crystal display device utilizing external light. In this case, the color is difficult to recognize and becomes dark.

Further, the conventional liquid crystal display device requires a step of injecting the liquid crystal into the gap of the glass substrate, and this step requires a long time, which causes a problem of high manufacturing cost. Specifically, depending on the size of the liquid crystal display device, for example, in a 10-inch liquid crystal display device, it takes about 2 hours to inject the liquid crystal into the gap of about 5 μm by vacuum deaeration, which is extremely high in manufacturing efficiency. Was bad. Further, since a pair of glass substrates (that is, two glass substrates) are used, there is a problem that it is difficult to reduce the weight. This problem is a big drawback especially when the liquid crystal display device is applied to a portable device. Further, as described above, the polyvinyl alcohol or polyimide solution is applied by a spinner to form a film, and then an alignment film is formed by performing rubbing and alignment treatment, but the rubbing treatment generates static electricity. There is a problem of dust such as polyimide.

In view of the above points, the present invention provides a resin / liquid crystal forming body which does not require a liquid crystal injecting step and does not require a rubbing process, which can simplify the manufacturing process and reduce the manufacturing cost. An object of the present invention is to provide a liquid crystal display device using the same and a manufacturing method thereof. Further, another object is to provide a liquid crystal display device which can easily be made lighter and thinner and which can perform bright display.

[0006]

According to a first aspect of the present invention, there is provided a resin / liquid crystal forming body, which comprises a first resin film, a second resin film facing the first resin film, and a first resin film. And a liquid crystal layer containing a dichroic dye, which is sealed between the second resin film and the second resin film.

The first resin film, the liquid crystal layer, and the second
Since the first resin film, the liquid crystal layer, and the second resin film are in continuous contact with each other because they are integrally formed with each other, foreign matter such as dust or dust is present between the respective constituent members. Does not intervene. Further, the space in the resin / liquid crystal forming body is not wasted, and therefore, it is possible to form the resin / liquid crystal forming body as thin as possible, and the resin / liquid crystal forming body can be made lightweight and thin. The resin / liquid crystal forming body can be used in a wide range of applications, for example, as a member for a light control window or a light-shielding shutter that does not require a curtain or a blind. Specifically, by applying the resin / liquid crystal forming body having the above configuration to a transparent glass window in which a transparent electrode is formed in advance, and applying an electric field to a liquid crystal layer containing a dichroic dye through the electrode, It is possible to realize a light control window capable of controlling the light transmittance of the resin / liquid crystal forming body. Moreover, since the first and second resin films can be formed thin, the alignment of the liquid crystal can be controlled at a low voltage.

A second aspect of the present invention is the resin-liquid crystal forming body according to the first aspect, wherein at least one of the first resin film and the second resin film includes a liquid crystal layer containing a dichroic dye. It has a liquid crystal alignment property capable of aligning liquid crystal molecules in a predetermined direction.

According to this structure, the liquid crystal molecules in the liquid crystal layer are aligned in a predetermined direction when no voltage is applied, and the dichroic dye contained in the liquid crystal layer is aligned in parallel with the liquid crystal molecules. is doing. Therefore, by applying an electric field,
By controlling the orientation of the liquid crystal molecules in the liquid crystal layer, it becomes easier to control the orientation of the dichroic dye with respect to the incident light, and the contrast can be improved.

A third aspect of the present invention is the resin / liquid crystal forming body according to the first or second aspect, wherein the first resin film and the second resin film are polymerized and cured by exposure of a photosensitive prepolymer. Are formed of a resin having the same composition.

In this structure, both the first resin film and the second resin film are made of a polymerized and cured product of a photosensitive prepolymer, but if they are integrally formed by the same raw material,
Since there is no distortion or non-uniformity of components inside the formed product, it is possible to obtain a resin / liquid crystal formed body having extremely excellent robustness.

A fourth aspect of the present invention is the resin-liquid crystal forming body according to the third aspect, further comprising a support member integrally formed with the first and second resin films, The distance between the resin film and the second resin film is made constant by the support member.

In this structure, the support member supports between the first resin film and the second resin film, but the support member is formed integrally with the first and second resin films. Therefore, the distance between the two resin films is reliably and stably maintained. Further, the supporting member acts together with the first and second resin films so as to further strengthen the structure of the resin / liquid crystal forming body. Further, according to the above configuration, since the first and second resin films and the supporting member are integrally formed and have no joint, for example, the thickness of the liquid crystal layer can be formed to be as thin as possible. It is also possible to realize a lighter, more compact and robust resin / liquid crystal forming body. By applying this resin / liquid crystal formed body to a liquid crystal display device, it is possible to provide a liquid crystal display device which is excellent in display stability, and is lighter and more compact.

A fifth aspect of the present invention is the resin-liquid crystal forming body according to the first to fourth aspects, wherein the resin forming the first and second resin films is a polyester acrylate resin.

According to this structure, since the polyester acrylate resin has excellent transparency, it is possible to obtain a resin / liquid crystal forming body having excellent transparency with respect to light in the visible light region.

The invention of claim 6 or 7 is the resin-liquid crystal formed body according to any one of claims 1 to 5, wherein the liquid crystal layer comprises:
It includes nematic liquid crystals, and more specifically, tolan-based nematic liquid crystals.

According to this structure, since the nematic liquid crystal, more specifically, the tolan nematic liquid crystal is easily available, an inexpensive resin / liquid crystal formed body can be obtained.

According to the invention of claim 8, a first resin film and a first resin film are provided.
A resin / liquid crystal forming body, which has a second resin film facing the resin film and a liquid crystal layer containing a dichroic dye sealed between the first and second resin films. Which is formed by applying a mixed solution containing a photosensitive prepolymer, a dichroic dye and a liquid crystal to the surface of a light-transmissive substrate, and a mixed film made of the mixed solution on the surface of the substrate. Forming a first layer on the surface of the mixture film by exposing the surface of the mixture film to light having a wavelength and a light intensity capable of selectively polymerizing and curing only the surface layer of the mixture film. The first resin film forming step of forming the resin film of No. 1 and pushing the dichroic dye and the liquid crystal of the relevant portion toward the substrate side, and exposing from the back side of the substrate through the substrate, thereby remaining in the mixture film The photosensitive prepolymer to be polymerized and cured to form the first side on the substrate side.
A second resin film facing the resin film of
A second resin film forming step of arranging the phase-separated dichroic dye and liquid crystal between the first resin film and the second resin film.

As a result, the photosensitive prepolymer in the mixture film is polymerized and cured to form the first and second resin films, and the remaining dichroic dye and liquid crystal form a liquid crystal layer. The liquid crystal layer can be formed without the need for a liquid crystal injecting process that takes a long time, and the manufacturing process can be simplified and the manufacturing cost can be reduced.
Further, since the liquid crystal injection step is not required, the liquid crystal layer can be reliably formed in a short time even with a resin / liquid crystal forming body having a large area. Since the first resin film, the liquid crystal layer, and the second resin film are integrally formed,
The resin film, the liquid crystal layer, and the second resin film have a structure in which they are in continuous contact with each other, and foreign matter such as dust or dust does not intervene between the respective constituent members. Further, the space in the resin / liquid crystal forming body is not wasted, and therefore, it is possible to form the resin / liquid crystal forming body as thin as possible, and the resin / liquid crystal forming body can be made lightweight and thin.

According to a ninth aspect of the present invention, there is provided a first resin film and a first resin film.
A resin / liquid crystal forming body, which has a second resin film facing the resin film and a liquid crystal layer containing a dichroic dye sealed between the first and second resin films. A method for producing the same, wherein a liquid crystal prepolymer mixed solution containing a photosensitive prepolymer, a dichroic dye and a liquid crystal is applied to the surface of a light transmissive substrate, and the mixed solution is applied onto the surface of the substrate. Forming a mixed film comprising: a first step that does not substantially permeate the mixed film;
Of light having a wavelength of 10 μm to the surface of the mixture film to selectively polymerize and cure the photosensitive prepolymer in the vicinity of the surface of the mixture film, and to push the dichroic dye and liquid crystal in the part toward the substrate side to form a mixture. A protective resin film forming step of forming a protective resin film on the surface layer of the film, and exposing the mixture film from the back side of the substrate through the substrate with light of a third wavelength to expose the photosensitive pre-existing film present in the vicinity of the substrate surface. A second resin film forming step of selectively polymerizing and curing the polymer to form a second resin film on the substrate surface side, and pushing the dichroic dye and liquid crystal in the portion toward the protective resin film side; The mixture film is exposed to light having a third wavelength from the film side through the protective resin film to polymerize and cure the photosensitive prepolymer remaining in the mixture film, and the protective resin film is provided inside the protective resin film. The first resin film integrated with And a, a first resin film formation step of placing between the sex dye and liquid crystal between the first resin film and the second resin film.

As a result, the photosensitive prepolymer in the mixture film is polymerized and cured to form the first and second resin films, and the remaining dichroic dye and liquid crystal form a liquid crystal layer. The liquid crystal layer can be formed without the need for a liquid crystal injecting process that takes a long time, and the manufacturing process can be simplified and the manufacturing cost can be reduced.
Further, a protective resin film can be formed on the surface of the mixture film, and the mixture film can be protected by the protective resin film and the substrate. Therefore, during the manufacturing process, the surface of the mixture film is prevented from coming into contact with the surface of the mixture film, and the surface of the mixture film is not wavy. Can be overlaid and exposed.

According to a tenth aspect of the present invention, the first resin film, the second resin film facing the first resin film, and the dichroic property sealed between the first and second resin films are provided. A manufacturing method for integrally forming a resin / liquid crystal forming body comprising a liquid crystal layer containing a dye and a support member for supporting a first resin film and a second resin film at regular intervals. A step of applying a liquid crystal prepolymer mixed solution containing at least a photosensitive prepolymer, a dichroic dye and a liquid crystal to the surface of a light transmissive substrate, and forming a mixture film of the mixed solution on the surface of the substrate. And exposing the surface of the mixture film with light of a first wavelength that does not substantially pass through the mixture film, pushing the dichroic dye and liquid crystal present near the surface of the mixture film toward the substrate. , Selectively polymerizing and curing the photosensitive prepolymer near the surface of the mixture film to form a protective resin film on the surface of the mixture film. A protective resin film forming step of forming, overlapping a mask having a desired pattern on the outside of the protective resin layer is exposed to the mixed film to light of the second wavelength through the mask,
A step of forming a supporting member formed by polymerizing and curing a photosensitive prepolymer into a desired shape; and a light having a third wavelength on the surface layer of the mixture film from the back side of the substrate through the polarizing plate and the substrate. Is exposed to light to selectively polymerize and cure the photosensitive prepolymer in the surface layer to form a second resin film, and the dichroic dye and liquid crystal present in the surface layer are pushed to the protective resin film side. A step of forming a resin film and a polarizing plate overlaid on the protective resin film, exposing the mixture film to light of a third wavelength through the polarizing plate and the protective resin film, and leaving the photosensitivity remaining in the mixture film. The prepolymer is polymerized and cured to form a first resin film integrated with the protective resin film inside the protective resin film, and the phase-separated dichroic dye and liquid crystal are mixed with the first resin film and the first resin film. A first resin film forming step of disposing the first resin film and the second resin film.

As a result, the photosensitive prepolymer in the mixture film is polymerized and cured to form the first and second resin films, and the remaining dichroic dye and liquid crystal form a liquid crystal layer. The liquid crystal layer can be formed without the need for a liquid crystal injecting process that takes a long time, and the manufacturing process can be simplified and the manufacturing cost can be reduced.
Further, the support member can be formed by the photosensitive prepolymer in the mixture film, and the manufacturing process can be simplified. Further, since the support member is integrally formed with the first and second resin films, the distance between the two resin films can be reliably and stably maintained, and the structure of the resin / liquid crystal forming body can be formed. It acts to make it even stronger. Therefore, according to the above configuration, a lighter and more compact resin / liquid crystal forming body is realized. Further, in the first resin film forming step and the supporting member forming step, since the surface of the mixture film is protected by the protective resin film, it is possible to directly expose the protective resin film with a mask or a polarizing plate. Further, in the step of forming the first and second resin films, the molecules of the first and second resin films are oriented in the polarization direction of the polarizing plate by exposing light of the third wavelength through the polarizing plate. Since it is polymerized with, since it has a liquid crystal alignment property that can align liquid crystal molecules in a predetermined direction,
It is not necessary to perform rubbing treatment, and the manufacturing process can be simplified.

The invention according to claim 11 is the method for producing a resin / liquid crystal forming body according to claim 9, wherein the light having the first wavelength is within the absorption region in the light absorption characteristics of the photosensitive prepolymer. The light having a wavelength is used, and as the light having the third wavelength, the absorbance with respect to the photosensitive prepolymer is the first.
The light of the wavelength smaller than the light of the wavelength is used.

As a result, the light of the first wavelength is less likely to pass through the mixture film and is substantially absorbed near the surface of the mixture film. Therefore, a protective resin film should be formed on the surface of the mixture film. Can be done easily. Further, the light of the third wavelength is relatively easy to pass through the protective resin film and the light-transmitting substrate which have already been formed, while it is easily absorbed near the inside of the protective resin film and the substrate in the mixture film. The first resin film can be easily formed inside the protective resin film, and the second resin film can be easily formed on the substrate side of the mixture film.

According to a twelfth aspect of the present invention, in the method for producing a resin / liquid crystal forming body according to the eleventh aspect, the exposure of the light having the first and third wavelengths is performed under the condition of reciprocity law failure.

Thus, when the light of the first wavelength is irradiated under the condition of reciprocity law failure, the photosensitive prepolymer is easily polymerized and hardened in the vicinity of the surface of the mixture film, and the surface of the mixture film is selectively The protective resin film can be easily formed. Also,
When the third light is irradiated under the condition of reciprocity law failure, the photosensitive prepolymer is easily polymerized and hardened in the vicinity of the inside of the protective resin film, and the first resin film can be formed inside the protective resin film. The photosensitive prepolymer is polymerized and hardened in the vicinity of the substrate side of the mixture film, so that the second resin film can be easily formed.

A thirteenth aspect of the present invention is the method for producing a resin / liquid crystal forming body according to the twelfth aspect, wherein the photosensitive prepolymer contains a polyester acrylate-based compound, and the light having the first wavelength is used. Is far ultraviolet rays having a wavelength of 254 nm.

As a result, the irradiated light can be absorbed substantially in the vicinity of the surface of the mixture film to polymerize and cure the photosensitive prepolymer, so that the surface of the mixture film is selectively protected. Can be more easily formed, and the thickness of the protective resin film can be easily controlled with high accuracy.

A fourteenth aspect of the present invention is the method for producing a resin / liquid crystal forming body according to the tenth aspect, wherein the light having the first wavelength is within the absorption region in the light absorption characteristics of the photosensitive prepolymer. The light having a wavelength is used as the light having the second wavelength, and the light having a wavelength at which the absorbance with respect to the photosensitive prepolymer is smaller than the light having the first wavelength is used as the light having the third wavelength. Is smaller than the light of the first wavelength and is larger than the light of the second wavelength.

As a result, the light of the first wavelength does not easily pass through the mixture film and is substantially absorbed near the surface of the mixture film, so that the surface of the mixture film is selectively covered with the protective resin film. It can be easily formed, and since the light of the second wavelength easily reaches the portion of the mixture film near the substrate, it can be reliably supported between the first resin film and the second resin film. The member can be easily formed, and the light having the third wavelength is relatively easily transmitted through the protective resin film or the light-transmissive substrate that has already been formed. Since it is easily absorbed inside or near the substrate side, the first resin film can be easily formed inside the protective resin film, and the second resin film can be easily formed on the substrate side of the mixture film. can do.

A fifteenth aspect of the present invention is the method for producing a resin-liquid crystal formed body according to the fourteenth aspect, wherein the liquid crystal prepolymer mixed liquid further contains a polymerization initiator or a sensitizer, and the protection is performed. As the light having the first wavelength in the resin film forming step, the light having a wavelength in the absorption region in the light absorption characteristics of the photosensitive prepolymer is used, and the mixture film is exposed under the condition of reciprocity law failure. As the light of wavelength 2, the light having a wavelength longer than the absorption peak wavelength in the absorption characteristic of the polymerization initiator or the sensitizer is used, and the mixture film is exposed under the condition of reciprocity law to form the first resin film. As the light of the third wavelength in the step and the second resin film forming step, the long wavelength side end of the absorption region in the light absorption characteristics of the photosensitive prepolymer and the light absorption characteristics of the polymerization initiator or sensitizer Using light of wavelengths between definitive absorption peak wavelength, and performs exposure of mixture films under conditions of reciprocity failure.

As a result, the light of the first wavelength is less likely to pass through the mixture film, is substantially absorbed near the surface of the mixture film, and the photosensitive polymer is polymerized and cured under the condition of reciprocity law failure. It is possible to easily form a protective resin film selectively on the surface of the mixture film, and the light of the second wavelength easily reaches the portion of the mixture film near the substrate.
Under the reciprocity rule condition, it is possible to easily and reliably form the support member between the first resin film and the second resin film, and the light of the third wavelength protects the light already formed. It is relatively easy to pass through a resin film or a light-transmissive substrate, while it is easily absorbed inside the protective resin film or near the substrate side in the mixture film, and the photosensitive polymer is polymerized and cured under the condition of reciprocity law failure. Thus, the first resin film can be easily formed inside the protective resin film, and the second resin film can be easily formed on the substrate side of the mixture film.

The invention of claim 16 or 17 is based on claim 9.
16. The method of manufacturing a resin / liquid crystal formed body according to any one of items 1 to 15, wherein the liquid crystal layer contains nematic liquid crystal, more specifically, trans-type nematic liquid crystal.

As a result, the photosensitive prepolymer and the liquid crystal containing the dichroic dye are easily phase-separated by the exposure of the mixture film, and the photosensitive prepolymer is easily polymerized and cured so that the first resin film and the first resin film 2 resin film or the like can be formed.

The invention of claim 18 or 19 is defined by claim 1.
5. The method for producing a resin / liquid crystal formed body according to 5, wherein the photopolymerization initiator or sensitizer is a benzoyl compound, more specifically 2,2-dimethoxy-1,2-diphenylethane- Use 1-on.

As a result, the polymerization and curing of the photosensitive prepolymer can be carried out efficiently, so that the curing speed of the photosensitive prepolymer can be increased and the manufacturing process can be further simplified.

The invention of claim 20 is the resin of claim 15
A method of manufacturing a liquid crystal forming body, wherein the photosensitive prepolymer contains a polyester acrylate-based substance, the liquid crystal layer containing the dichroic dye contains a tolan-based nematic liquid crystal, and the mixture film further comprises: , 2,2-dimethoxy-
Including 1,2-diphenylethan-1-one,
Far ultraviolet light having a wavelength of 254 nm is used as the light having the first wavelength, ultraviolet light having a wavelength of 365 nm is used as the light having the second wavelength, and 313 is used as the light having the third wavelength.
Ultraviolet light with a wavelength of nm is used.

As a result, the light of the first wavelength does not easily pass through the mixture film, is absorbed substantially near the surface of the mixture film, and the photosensitive polymer is polymerized and cured under the condition of reciprocity law failure. It is possible to easily form a protective resin film selectively on the surface of the mixture film, and the light of the second wavelength easily reaches the portion of the mixture film near the substrate.
Under the reciprocity rule condition, it is possible to easily and reliably form the support member between the first resin film and the second resin film, and the light of the third wavelength protects the light already formed. It is relatively easy to pass through a resin film or a light-transmissive substrate, while it is easily absorbed inside the protective resin film or near the substrate side in the mixture film, and the photosensitive polymer is polymerized and cured under the condition of reciprocity law failure. Thus, the first resin film can be easily formed inside the protective resin film, and the second resin film can be easily formed on the substrate side of the mixture film.

According to a twenty-first aspect of the invention, there is provided a substrate-side resin film formed on a surface of a substrate having at least a pixel electrode and a switching element connected to the pixel electrode, the resin film being a polymerized and cured product of a photosensitive prepolymer. A counter resin film made of a polymerized and cured product of a photosensitive prepolymer, which is arranged so as to face the substrate side resin film, and a dichroic dye sealed between the substrate side resin film and the counter resin film. A liquid crystal display device having a liquid crystal layer, characterized in that the substrate-side resin film, the liquid crystal layer, and the counter resin film are integrally formed.

With the above structure, the liquid crystal layer containing the dichroic dye is sealed between the resin film on the substrate side and the counter resin film formed on one substrate. In between 2
The weight can be reduced as compared with a liquid crystal display device in which a liquid crystal layer containing a color dye is sealed. Moreover, since the substrate-side resin film, the liquid crystal layer, and the counter resin film are integrally formed, the substrate-side resin film, the liquid crystal layer, and the counter resin film have a structure in which they are in close contact with each other. No foreign matter such as dust or dust is present between the constituent members. The space between the substrate-side resin film and the liquid crystal layer, and between the liquid crystal layer and the counter resin film is not wasted, and it is possible to form the thickness as thin as possible to the nearest limit, resulting in a bright display. It is possible to obtain a possible lightweight and thin liquid crystal display device. In addition, since the substrate-side resin film and the counter resin film can be formed thin, it is possible to control the alignment of the liquid crystal at a low voltage. Furthermore, by forming the substrate-side resin film and the counter resin film to be thin, the viewing angle characteristics in the liquid crystal display device can be improved.

The invention of claim 22 is the liquid crystal display device according to claim 21, wherein a counter electrode is formed on the opposite side of the counter resin film from the liquid crystal layer, and the counter electrode, the substrate side resin film, A display layer is constituted by the facing resin film and the liquid crystal layer, a plurality of the display layers are laminated, and the liquid crystal layer in each display layer contains dichroic dyes of different colors. I am trying.

With the above structure, since a color filter is unnecessary, a bright display is possible, and a liquid crystal display device which is easy to colorize can be obtained. Further, since the liquid crystal display device can be made thinner than the conventional one, the viewing angle characteristics are improved.

The invention of claim 23 is the liquid crystal display device according to claim 22, wherein the display layer has a three-layer structure.
The dichroic dye contained in each liquid crystal layer is yellow, magenta,
It is characterized by being cyan.

With the above structure, colorization of the liquid crystal display device can be easily achieved.

The invention of claim 24 relates to claims 21 to 23.
The liquid crystal display device according to the item (1) is characterized in that a support member integrally formed with both the resin films is disposed between the substrate-side resin film and the counter resin film.

In this structure, the supporting member supports between the substrate-side resin film and the counter resin film, but since the supporting member is formed integrally with the substrate-side resin film and the counter resin film, both The distance between the resin films is maintained reliably and stably.
Further, the support member acts together with the substrate-side resin film and the counter resin film to further strengthen the structure of the liquid crystal display device. Further, according to the above configuration, since the support member, the substrate-side resin film, and the counter resin film are integrally formed and have no joints, for example, the thickness of the liquid crystal layer is thinned to a state close to the limit. It is also possible to
Realizing a liquid crystal display device that is lighter and more compact and has excellent display stability.

The invention of claim 25 is based on claims 21 to 24.
The liquid crystal display device according to the item (1), wherein the substrate-side resin film and the counter resin film include a polyester acrylate compound.

According to this structure, since the polyester acrylate resin is excellent in transparency, it is possible to obtain a liquid crystal display device which is excellent in transparency with respect to light in the visible light range and can perform bright display.

The invention of claim 26 or 27 is the same as claim 2
1 to 24. The liquid crystal display device according to any one of 1 to 24, wherein the liquid crystal layer includes nematic liquid crystal, more specifically, trans-type nematic liquid crystal.

According to the above structure, an inexpensive liquid crystal display device having stable operation can be obtained.

The invention of claim 28 is based on claims 21 to 24.
In the liquid crystal resin display device according to the item (1), at least one of the counter resin film and the substrate-side resin film is formed by polymerizing and curing a photosensitive prepolymer so that molecules have directionality by exposure to polarized light. It is characterized by being.

According to this structure, the liquid crystal molecules in the liquid crystal layer are aligned in a predetermined direction when no voltage is applied, and the dichroic dye contained in the liquid crystal layer is aligned in parallel with the liquid crystal molecules. is doing. Therefore, by applying an electric field,
By controlling the orientation of the liquid crystal molecules in the liquid crystal layer, it becomes easier to control the orientation of the dichroic dye with respect to the incident light, and the contrast can be improved.

According to a twenty-ninth aspect of the invention, in the liquid crystal display device according to the twenty-third aspect, among the counter electrodes constituting each of the display layers, the counter electrode on the outermost surface is formed of a material that reflects light. It is characterized by being.

As a result, it is possible to obtain a light-weight and thin reflective liquid crystal display device capable of color display.

According to a thirtieth aspect of the present invention, in the liquid crystal display device according to the twenty-third aspect, the counter electrodes forming the respective display layers are formed of a transparent conductive film.

As a result, it is possible to obtain a transmissive liquid crystal display device which is lightweight and thin and can display colors.

A thirty-first aspect of the present invention is a substrate-side resin formed of a polymerized and cured product of a photosensitive prepolymer, which is formed on the surface of a light-transmissive substrate having a pixel electrode and a switching element connected to the pixel electrode. A film, a counter resin film made of a polymerized and cured product of a photosensitive prepolymer, which is disposed so as to face the substrate-side resin film, and dichroism sealed between the substrate-side resin film and the counter resin film. A method of manufacturing a liquid crystal display device in which a liquid crystal layer containing a dye is integrally formed, the step of forming the pixel electrode and the switching element on the light-transmissive substrate, and the pixel electrode A mixed solution containing a photosensitive prepolymer, a dichroic dye and a liquid crystal is applied on the surface of a substrate having a switching element connected to the pixel electrode, and a mixed film made of the mixed solution is applied to the surface of the substrate. Forming process On the surface of the mixture film, by exposing to light having a wavelength and light intensity capable of selectively polymerizing and curing only the surface layer of the mixture film, while forming a counter resin film on the surface layer of the mixture film, A step of forming a counter resin film for pushing the dichroic dye and liquid crystal in the portion toward the substrate side;
By exposing through the substrate from the back side of the substrate,
The photosensitive prepolymer remaining in the mixture film is polymerized and cured to form a substrate-side resin film facing the counter resin film on the substrate side, and phase-separated dichroic dye and liquid crystal are used as a counter resin film. And a substrate-side resin film forming step which is arranged between the substrate-side resin film and the substrate-side resin film.

As a result, the photosensitive prepolymer in the mixture film is polymerized and cured to form the opposing resin film and the substrate-side resin film, and the remaining liquid crystal and the dichroic dye form the liquid crystal layer. The liquid crystal layer can be formed without the need for a liquid crystal injecting process that takes a long time, and the manufacturing process can be simplified and the manufacturing cost can be reduced. Furthermore, since the liquid crystal injection step is not required, the liquid crystal layer can be reliably formed in a short time even in a large-area liquid crystal display device. Further, since the liquid crystal layer containing the dichroic dye is sealed between the resin film on the substrate side and the counter resin film formed on one substrate, dichroism is provided between the pair of substrates. The weight can be reduced as compared with a liquid crystal display device in which a liquid crystal layer containing a dye is sealed. Since the substrate-side resin film, the liquid crystal layer, and the counter resin film are integrally formed, the substrate-side resin film, the liquid crystal layer, and the counter resin film are in continuous contact with each other. No foreign matter such as dust or dust is present between the members. The space between the substrate-side resin film and the liquid crystal layer, and between the liquid crystal layer and the counter resin film is not wasted, and it is possible to form the thickness as thin as possible to the nearest limit, resulting in a bright display. It is possible to obtain a possible lightweight and thin liquid crystal display device. In addition, since the substrate-side resin film and the counter resin film can be formed thin, it is possible to control the alignment of the liquid crystal at a low voltage. Further, by forming the substrate-side resin film and the counter resin film to be thin, the viewing angle characteristics in the liquid crystal display device can be improved.

A thirty-second aspect of the invention is a substrate-side resin made of a polymerized and cured product of a photosensitive prepolymer, which is formed on the surface of a light-transmissive substrate having a pixel electrode and a switching element connected to the pixel electrode. A film, a counter resin film made of a polymerized and cured product of a photosensitive prepolymer, which is disposed so as to face the substrate-side resin film, and dichroism sealed between the substrate-side resin film and the counter resin film. A method of manufacturing a liquid crystal display device in which a liquid crystal layer containing a dye is integrally formed, the step of forming the pixel electrode and the switching element on the light-transmissive substrate, and the pixel electrode A liquid crystal prepolymer mixed solution containing a photosensitive prepolymer, a dichroic dye, and a liquid crystal is applied on the surface of a substrate having a switching element connected to a pixel electrode, and the mixed solution is formed on the surface of the substrate. Mixture film The step of forming and exposing the mixture film surface with light of a first wavelength that does not substantially pass through the mixture film, selectively polymerizes and cures the photosensitive prepolymer in the vicinity of the mixture film surface, and The protective resin film forming step of forming a protective resin film on the surface layer of the mixture film by pushing the dichroic dye and the liquid crystal of the portion toward the substrate side, and the third step of forming the protective film on the mixture film from the back side of the substrate through the substrate. The photosensitive prepolymer existing in the vicinity of the substrate surface is selectively polymerized and cured by exposing it to light of a wavelength to form a resin film on the substrate side and protect the dichroic dye and liquid crystal in that part. The substrate side resin film forming step of pushing the resin film side, and the photosensitive prepolymer remaining in the mixture film by exposing the mixture film from the protective resin film side to the mixture film through the protective resin film. Polymerize and harden the protective resin film inside the protective resin film. A first resin film that is embodied is formed, and a counter resin film is formed by the protective resin film and the first resin film, and the dichroic dye and the liquid crystal that are phase-separated are separated from each other by the first resin film and the substrate side resin First placed between the membrane
And a resin film forming step.

As a result, the photosensitive prepolymer in the mixture film is polymerized and cured to form the counter resin film and the substrate-side resin film, and the remaining liquid crystal forms the liquid crystal layer, which takes a long time. The liquid crystal layer can be formed without requiring the liquid crystal injection step, and the manufacturing process can be simplified and the manufacturing cost can be reduced. Also,
A protective resin film can be formed on the surface of the mixture film, and the mixture film can be protected by the protective resin film and the substrate. Therefore, during the manufacturing process, the surface of the mixture film is prevented from coming into contact with the surface of the mixture film, and the surface of the mixture film is not wavy. Can be overlaid and exposed.

A thirty-third aspect of the present invention is a substrate-side resin made of a polymerized and cured product of a photosensitive prepolymer, which is formed on the surface of a light-transmissive substrate having a pixel electrode and a switching element connected to the pixel electrode. A film, a counter resin film made of a polymerized and cured product of a photosensitive prepolymer, which is disposed so as to face the substrate-side resin film, and dichroism sealed between the substrate-side resin film and the counter resin film. A method of manufacturing a liquid crystal display device in which a liquid crystal layer containing a dye is integrally formed, the step of forming the pixel electrode and the switching element on the light-transmissive substrate, and the pixel electrode A liquid crystal prepolymer mixed solution containing a photosensitive prepolymer, a dichroic dye, and a liquid crystal is applied on the surface of a substrate having a switching element connected to a pixel electrode, and the mixed solution is formed on the surface of the substrate. Mixture film The step of forming and exposing the surface of the mixture film with light having a first wavelength that does not substantially pass through the mixture film, and the dichroic dye and liquid crystal layer existing in the vicinity of the surface of the mixture film on the substrate side. And a protective resin film forming step of forming a protective resin film on the surface of the mixture film by selectively polymerizing and curing the photosensitive prepolymer in the vicinity of the surface of the mixture film, and on the outside of the protective resin film. Overlay the mask of the desired pattern,
Exposing the mixture film to light of the second wavelength through the mask to form a support member formed by polymerizing and curing the photosensitive prepolymer into a desired shape; and a polarizing plate and a substrate from the back side of the substrate. The surface layer on the substrate surface side of the mixture film is exposed to light having a third wavelength through the mixture film to selectively polymerize and cure the photosensitive prepolymer on the surface layer to form a substrate side resin film on the substrate surface side. At the same time, a substrate-side resin film forming step of pushing the dichroic dye and liquid crystal present on the surface layer to the protective resin film side, a polarizing plate overlaid on the protective resin film, and mixed through the polarizing plate and the protective resin film The body film is exposed to light having a third wavelength to polymerize and cure the photosensitive prepolymer remaining in the mixture film to form a first resin film integrated with the protective resin film inside the protective resin film. And a counter resin film is formed by the protective resin film and the first resin film. And the phases separated, and further comprising a, a first resin film formation step of placing between the dichroic dye and liquid crystal first resin film and the substrate-side resin film.

As a result, the photosensitive prepolymer in the mixture film is polymerized and cured to form the opposing resin film and the substrate-side resin film, and the remaining liquid crystal forms the liquid crystal layer, which takes a long time. The liquid crystal layer can be formed without requiring the liquid crystal injection step, and the manufacturing process can be simplified and the manufacturing cost can be reduced. Also,
The support member can be formed by the photosensitive prepolymer in the mixture film, and the manufacturing process can be simplified. Moreover, since the supporting member is integrally formed with the opposing resin film (the protective resin film and the first resin film) and the substrate-side resin film (the second resin film), the distance between the two resin films is increased. Is reliably and stably maintained, and acts to further strengthen the structure of the liquid crystal display device. Therefore, according to the above configuration, a lighter, more compact and robust liquid crystal display device is realized. Further, in the first resin film forming step and the supporting member forming step, since the surface of the mixture film is protected by the protective resin film, it is possible to directly expose the protective resin film with a mask or a polarizing plate.
Further, in the first and substrate-side resin film forming steps,
By exposing the light of the wavelength of
Since the molecules of the resin film on the substrate side are polymerized in a directional manner, the resin film has a liquid crystal alignment property that allows the liquid crystal molecules to be aligned in a predetermined direction. Can be realized.

A thirty-fourth aspect of the present invention is the method for manufacturing a liquid crystal display device according to the thirty-second aspect, wherein as the light of the first wavelength, a wavelength within an absorption region in the light absorption characteristic of the photosensitive prepolymer is used. The light having the third wavelength is used as the light having the third wavelength, and the absorbance for the photosensitive prepolymer is the first.
It is characterized in that the light having a wavelength smaller than the light having the wavelength is used.

As a result, the light of the first wavelength does not easily pass through the mixture film and is substantially absorbed near the surface of the mixture film. Therefore, a protective resin film should be formed on the surface of the mixture film. Can be done easily. Further, the light of the third wavelength is relatively easy to pass through the protective resin film and the light-transmitting substrate which have already been formed, while it is easily absorbed near the inside of the protective resin film and the substrate in the mixture film. The first resin film can be easily formed inside the protective resin film, and the substrate-side resin film can be easily formed on the substrate side of the mixture film.

According to a thirty-fifth aspect of the present invention, in the liquid crystal display device according to the thirty-fourth aspect, the exposure of the light having the first and third wavelengths is performed under the condition of reciprocity law failure.

As a result, when the light of the first wavelength is irradiated under the condition of reciprocity law failure, the photosensitive prepolymer is easily polymerized and hardened in the vicinity of the surface of the mixture film, and the surface of the mixture film is selectively The protective resin film can be easily formed. Also,
When the third light is irradiated under the condition of reciprocity law failure, the photosensitive prepolymer is easily polymerized and hardened in the vicinity of the inside of the protective resin film, and the first resin film can be formed inside the protective resin film. The photosensitive prepolymer is polymerized and cured in the vicinity of the substrate side of the mixture film, so that the substrate side resin film can be easily formed.

A thirty-sixth aspect of the present invention is the method for producing a liquid crystal display device according to the thirty-fifth aspect, wherein the photosensitive prepolymer contains a polyester acrylate compound.
It is characterized in that the light having the first wavelength is deep ultraviolet light having a wavelength of 254 nm.

As a result, the irradiated light can be absorbed substantially near the surface of the mixture film to polymerize and cure the photosensitive prepolymer, so that the surface of the mixture film is selectively protected by the protective resin film. Can be more easily formed, and the thickness of the protective resin film can be easily controlled with high accuracy.

A thirty-seventh aspect of the present invention is the method of manufacturing a liquid crystal display device according to the thirty-third aspect, wherein as the light of the first wavelength, a wavelength within an absorption region in the light absorption characteristic of the photosensitive prepolymer is used. Using light, the light having the second wavelength has an absorbance of the first photosensitive polymer
Of light having a wavelength smaller than that of the light of the third wavelength, and as the light of the third wavelength, light of a wavelength at which the absorbance is smaller than the light of the first wavelength and larger than the light of the second wavelength. It is characterized by using.

As a result, the light of the first wavelength is less likely to pass through the mixture film and is substantially absorbed near the surface of the mixture film, so that the protective resin film is selectively formed on the surface of the mixture film. It can be easily formed, and since the light of the second wavelength easily reaches the portion of the mixture film near the substrate, the support member is surely formed between the counter resin film and the substrate-side resin film. In addition, the light of the third wavelength is relatively easily transmitted through the protective resin film and the light-transmissive substrate that have already been formed. On the other hand, inside the protective resin film in the mixture film,
Since it is easily absorbed in the vicinity of the substrate side, the first resin film can be easily formed inside the protective resin film, and the substrate side resin film can be easily formed on the substrate side of the mixture film. .

The invention of claim 38 is the method of manufacturing a liquid crystal display device according to claim 37, wherein the liquid crystal prepolymer mixed solution further contains a polymerization initiator or a sensitizer, and the protective resin film. As the light having the first wavelength in the forming step, the light having a wavelength in the absorption region in the light absorption characteristics of the photosensitive prepolymer is used, and the mixture film is exposed under the condition of reciprocity law failure. As the light having a wavelength, a light having a wavelength longer than the absorption peak wavelength in the absorption characteristics of the polymerization initiator or the sensitizer is used, and the mixture film is exposed under the reciprocity rule, and the first resin film forming step and As the light of the third wavelength in the second resin film forming step, the long wavelength end of the absorption region in the light absorption characteristics of the photosensitive prepolymer and the light absorption characteristics of the polymerization initiator or the sensitizer are included. Using light of wavelength between the absorption peak wavelength, and it is characterized in that under the conditions of reciprocity failure exposure of mixture film.

As a result, the light of the first wavelength does not easily pass through the mixture film, is absorbed substantially near the surface of the mixture film, and the photosensitive polymer is polymerized and cured under the condition of reciprocity law failure. It is possible to easily form a protective resin film selectively on the surface of the mixture film, and the light of the second wavelength easily reaches the portion of the mixture film near the substrate.
It is possible to easily and reliably form the support member between the first resin film and the substrate-side resin film under the condition of the reciprocity law, and the light of the third wavelength is applied to the already formed protective resin. It is relatively easy to pass through a film or a light-transmissive substrate, while it is easily absorbed inside the protective resin film or near the substrate side in the mixture film, and the photosensitive polymer is polymerized and cured under the condition of reciprocity law failure. The first resin film can be easily formed inside the protective resin film, and the substrate-side resin film can be easily formed on the substrate side of the mixture film.

The invention of claim 39 or 40 is the same as that of claim 3
A method for manufacturing a liquid crystal display device according to any one of 2 to 38,
The liquid crystal layer containing the dichroic dye is characterized by containing a nematic liquid crystal, more specifically, a tolan-based nematic liquid crystal.

As a result, the photosensitive prepolymer and the liquid crystal layer containing the dichroic dye are easily phase-separated by the exposure of the mixture film, and the photosensitive prepolymer is easily polymerized and cured to face the opposite resin film or the substrate. A resin film can be formed, and a liquid crystal display device with stable operation can be manufactured using readily available liquid crystal.

According to the invention of claim 41 or 42, claim 3
9. The method for manufacturing a liquid crystal display device according to 8, wherein the photopolymerization initiator or the sensitizer is a benzoyl compound, more specifically 2,2-dimethoxy-1,2-diphenylethane-1-. It is characterized by using ON.

As a result, the polymerization and curing of the photosensitive prepolymer can be efficiently performed, so that the curing speed of the photosensitive prepolymer can be increased and the manufacturing process can be further simplified.

The invention of claim 43 is the method for manufacturing a liquid crystal display device according to claim 38, wherein the photosensitive prepolymer contains a polyester acrylate-based substance and the dichroic dye is contained. Includes a tolan-based nematic liquid crystal and an azo-based dye, a tolan-based nematic liquid crystal and a perylene-based dye, or a tolan-based nematic liquid crystal and an anthraquinone-based dye, and the mixture film further includes 2,2-
In addition to containing dimethoxy-1,2-diphenylethan-1-one, deep ultraviolet light having a wavelength of 254 nm is used as the light having the first wavelength, and 3 is used as the light having the second wavelength.
It is characterized in that an ultraviolet ray having a wavelength of 65 nm is used and an ultraviolet ray having a wavelength of 313 nm is used as the light having the third wavelength.

As a result, the light of the first wavelength is less likely to pass through the mixture film, is substantially absorbed near the surface of the mixture film, and the photosensitive polymer is polymerized and cured under the condition of reciprocity law failure. It is possible to easily form a protective resin film selectively on the surface of the mixture film, and the light of the second wavelength easily reaches the portion of the mixture film near the substrate.
It is possible to easily and reliably form the support member between the first resin film and the substrate-side resin film under the condition of the reciprocity law, and the light of the third wavelength is applied to the already formed protective resin. It is relatively easy to pass through a film or a light-transmissive substrate, while it is easily absorbed inside the protective resin film or near the substrate side in the mixture film, and the photosensitive polymer is polymerized and cured under the condition of reciprocity law failure. The first resin film can be easily formed inside the protective resin film, and the substrate-side resin film can be easily formed on the substrate side of the mixture film.

The invention of claim 44 relates to claims 31 to 33.
The method for manufacturing a liquid crystal display device according to the item [4], characterized by including a counter electrode forming step of forming a counter electrode on a side of the counter resin film opposite to the liquid crystal layer.

As a result, a lightweight and thin liquid crystal display device can be manufactured.

The invention of claim 45 is the method of manufacturing a liquid crystal display device according to claim 44, wherein in the counter electrode forming step, a transparent conductive film is formed on the side of the counter resin film opposite to the liquid crystal layer. This is a step of forming the counter electrode.

As a result, a light and thin transmission type liquid crystal display device can be manufactured.

The invention of claim 46 is the method of manufacturing a liquid crystal display device according to claim 44, wherein in the counter electrode forming step, a light reflection film is provided on the opposite side of the counter resin film from the liquid crystal layer. It is a step of forming the counter electrode by forming the counter electrode.

As a result, a lightweight and thin reflective liquid crystal display device can be manufactured.

According to a 47th aspect of the present invention, there is provided a substrate-side resin film formed on a surface of a substrate having any one of an image signal electrode and a scanning electrode, the resin film being made of a polymerized and cured product of a photosensitive prepolymer. Opposed to the substrate-side resin film, made of a polymerized and cured product of a photosensitive prepolymer, and the opposite resin film on which the other of the image signal electrode and the scanning electrode is formed,
A liquid crystal display device comprising a liquid crystal layer containing a dichroic dye sealed between the substrate-side resin film and the counter resin film, wherein the substrate-side resin film, the liquid crystal layer, and the counter resin It is characterized in that the film and the film are integrally formed.

With the above structure, the liquid crystal layer containing the dichroic dye is sealed between the resin film on the substrate side and the counter resin film formed on one substrate. In between 2
Compared with a liquid crystal display device in which a liquid crystal layer containing a chromatic dye is sealed, a weight reduction can be achieved, and a simple matrix liquid crystal display device suitable for application to portable equipment can be obtained. . In addition, since the substrate-side resin film, the liquid crystal layer, and the counter resin film are integrally formed, the substrate-side resin film, the liquid crystal layer, and the counter resin film are in continuous contact with each other. No foreign matter such as dust or dust is present between the members. The space between the substrate-side resin film and the liquid crystal layer, and between the liquid crystal layer and the counter resin film is not wasted, and it is possible to form the thickness as thin as possible to the nearest limit, resulting in a bright display. It is possible to obtain a possible lightweight and thin liquid crystal display device.

[0088]

BEST MODE FOR CARRYING OUT THE INVENTION (Embodiment 1) An example of a guest-host type liquid crystal display device using the resin / liquid crystal forming body of Embodiment 1 of the present invention will be described.

The liquid crystal display device, as shown in FIG.
On the glass substrate 21, a substrate-side resin film 27, a partition-shaped support member 22, and a film-shaped counter resin film 23 supported by the support member 22 and having a film thickness of about 1.6 μm are provided. A first liquid crystal layer 24 in which a liquid crystal layer containing a dichroic dye (a trans nematic liquid crystal and an azo yellow dye) is enclosed is formed between the resin film 27 and the counter resin film 23. A thin film transistor (TFT) 25 and indium tin oxide (I) are formed on the glass substrate 21.
A pixel electrode 26 made of a transparent conductive film (TO) is formed. Further, a counter electrode 28 made of a transparent conductive film of ITO having a sheet resistance of 100 to 50 Ω / □ is provided on the counter resin film 23, and the counter electrode 28, the first liquid crystal layer 24, and the support. Member 22, substrate-side resin film 27,
Further, the counter resin film 23 constitutes the first display layer 37. A second display layer 38 and a third display layer 39, which are substantially the same as the first display layer 37, are formed on the first display layer 37.
Is provided. The second display layer 38 and the first display layer 3
7 is different from the third display layer 39 in that the dichroic dye in the second liquid crystal layer 33 is a magenta perylene-based dye.
The difference between the first display layer 37 and the first display layer 37 is that the dichroic dye in the third liquid crystal layer 34 is a cyan anthraquinone dye. Further, the counter electrode 36 that constitutes the third display layer 39,
On the outer side of the glass substrate 21, the polarizing plates 30, 30 are provided.
Is installed.

The support member 22, the opposing resin film 23, the first
The liquid crystal layer 24 and the substrate-side resin film (the second resin film 27 are integrally formed to form a resin / liquid crystal forming body, and the support member 22, the counter resin film 23, and the substrate-side resin film ( The resin film 2) 27 is integrally formed by polymerizing and curing a photopolymerizable monomer or oligomer which is a photosensitive prepolymer by irradiation of ultraviolet rays. And a first resin film 23b formed by irradiation of ultraviolet rays through the protective resin film 23a after forming the protective resin film 23a. 23b and the ultraviolet rays for forming the substrate-side resin film 27 are irradiated with ultraviolet rays polarized in predetermined directions respectively, so that the first resin film 23b
Also, the substrate-side resin film 27 is made to have an orientation so that liquid crystal molecules are formed between the first resin film 23b and the substrate-side resin film 27.
A TN type guest-host liquid crystal display device twisted by 0 ° is configured.

Next, a method of manufacturing the liquid crystal display device will be described.

(1) As shown in FIG. 2A, the thin film transistor 25 and the pixel electrode 2 are formed on the glass substrate 21.
6 is formed.

(2) As shown in FIG. 2B, the liquid crystal prepolymer mixed liquid 31 is applied to the surface of the glass substrate 21 using a spinner to a film thickness of about 6 μm. The liquid crystal prepolymer mixed solution 31 is specifically a photopolymerizable monomer or oligomer which is a photosensitive prepolymer, and a polymerization initiator or a sensitizer for improving the reactivity of the photopolymerizable monomer or oligomer. It is a mixture of a nematic liquid crystal and a dichroic dye. More specifically, for example,
(A) Polyfunctional polyester acrylate (manufactured by Dainippon Ink and Chemicals, Inc.): 30%, (b) Irgacure 651 (manufactured by Ciba Geigy): 2%, (benzoyl-based 2,2-dimethoxy-1,2-diphenyl) Ethane-1-on),
(C) Tolan-based nematic liquid crystal (KT450: manufactured by Dainippon Ink and Chemicals, Inc.): 65%, (d) Azo yellow dye (S)
I-209: manufactured by Mitsui Chemicals, Inc .: 3% mixed. The materials and mixing ratio of the liquid crystal prepolymer mixed liquid 31 are not limited to the above. For example, the mixing ratio of the polyfunctional polyester acrylate may be set according to the film thickness of the opposing resin film 23 and the substrate-side resin film 27 to be formed.

Here, the liquid crystal prepolymer mixed liquid 31
Indicates a visible-ultraviolet spectral absorption characteristic (absorption characteristic) as shown in FIG. 6, for example. (Note that FIG. 6 shows the visible-ultraviolet spectral absorption characteristics of the liquid crystal-dispersed prepolymer from which the dichroic dye has been removed.) As shown in FIG.
Has an absorption region having an extremely high absorbance for light having a wavelength of about 300 nm or less. In addition, in the figure, the solid line and the broken line respectively show the absorption characteristics before and after the polymerization.

(3) Next, as shown in FIG.
A first light having a wavelength of 254 nm and an intensity of 5 mW / cm 2 was applied to the entire surface of the liquid crystal prepolymer mixed liquid 31 by 30
Exposure to about 0 mJ / cm 2 was performed to polymerize and cure the polyester acrylate in the liquid crystal prepolymer mixed liquid 31 in the vicinity of the surface of the liquid crystal prepolymer mixed liquid 31 to give a film thickness of 1.
A protective resin film 23a having a thickness of 5 μm is formed.

Here, the wavelength of the first light (254n
m) is located in the absorption region (shorter wavelength side than the long wavelength side end of the absorption region) in the light absorption characteristics of the polyfunctional polyester acrylate-based substance. Therefore, the first light does not substantially pass through the liquid crystal prepolymer mixed liquid 31 and is absorbed near the surface thereof. Further, since the intensity of the first light is extremely weak (under the condition of reciprocity law failure), the liquid crystal prepolymer mixed liquid 31
In the vicinity of the surface of, the polyester acrylate in the liquid crystal prepolymer mixed liquid 31 is phase-separated and selectively polymerized and cured to form the protective resin film 23a as described above.

(4) Next, as shown in FIG. 3D, a photomask 51 having a lattice-shaped gap 51a of about 5 μm corresponding to the position where the supporting member 22 is formed is formed. Of the second light having a wavelength of 365 nm and a sufficiently large intensity that meets the reciprocity law conditions while being aligned with the protective resin film 23a of FIG. Then, as shown in FIG. 3E, the support member 22 is formed at the position of the gap 51 a of the photomask 51.

The wavelength of the second light (365 nm) is in the longer wavelength region than the absorption peak wavelength (335 nm) in the absorption characteristics of the polymerization initiator (2,2-dimethoxy-1,2-diphenylethan-1-one). Since the second light passes through the liquid crystal prepolymer mixed liquid 31, the polyester acrylate in the liquid crystal prepolymer mixed liquid 31 is distributed in the thickness direction, that is, from the protective resin film 23a to the glass substrate 21. Polymerize and harden between. As a result, the partition-shaped support member 22 formed by polymerizing and curing the polyester acrylate is formed. Moreover, since the second light is light of high intensity, the polymerization is performed in a relatively short time.
When the polymerization is performed in such a short time, the liquid crystal in the liquid crystal prepolymer mixed liquid 31 and the azo yellow dye are held in the supporting member 22 in a dispersed state. Does not affect the display operation of.

Instead of the photomask 51 having the lattice-shaped gaps 51a, a photomask having a plurality of openings of several μm square may be used to form the columnar support member.

(5) Further, as shown in FIG.
From the glass substrate 21 side through the polarizing plate 52, the wavelength is 3
5 nm with a third light of 13 nm and an intensity of 0.5 mW / cm2
The substrate-side resin film 2 having a film thickness of about 0.2 μm is exposed on the protective resin film 23a side of the glass substrate 21 by exposure to about 00 mJ / cm2.
Form 7.

(6) Further, as shown in FIG.
The wavelength is 313 nm and the intensity is 0.5 mW / c over the entire surface of the liquid crystal prepolymer mixture through the polarizing plate 52 '.
With a third light of m2, expose about 800 mJ / cm2,
The thickness of the protective resin film 23a on the glass substrate 21 side is about 0.
The first resin film 23b having a thickness of 1 μm is formed, and the first liquid crystal layer 24 is formed by the liquid crystal remaining in the liquid crystal prepolymer mixed liquid and the azo yellow dye. Note that (5),
It is also possible to perform the step (6) in the reverse order. That is, the wavelength is 313 nm and the intensity is 0.5 mW over the entire surface of the liquid crystal prepolymer mixture through the polarizing plate 52 '.
Exposure to about 500 mJ / cm2 with a third light of / cm2 to form a first resin film 23b having a film thickness of about 0.1 µm on the glass substrate 21 side of the protective resin film 23a. From the glass substrate 21 side through 52, the wavelength of 31
80 nm with a third light of 3 nm and an intensity of 0.5 mW / cm2
It is also possible to form a substrate-side resin film 27 having a thickness of about 0.2 μm on the glass substrate 21 facing the opposing resin film 23 by exposing it to about 0 mJ / cm 2.

The wavelength of the third light (313 nm) is between the absorption peak wavelength in the absorption characteristic of the polymerization initiator and the long wavelength side end of the absorption region in the absorption characteristic of the polyester acrylate photopolymerizable substance. The third light is relatively well transmitted through the protective resin film 23a (polymerized and cured polyester acrylate) and the glass substrate 21, while the liquid crystal prepolymer mixed liquid 31 (uncured polyester acrylate) is hardly transmitted. Therefore, it is absorbed near the surface of the liquid crystal prepolymer mixed liquid 31. Moreover, since the third light has a very weak intensity (condition of reciprocity law failure) like the first light, the polyester acrylate in the liquid crystal prepolymer mixed liquid 31 is
The first resin film 23b is formed by phase separation and polymerization and hardening in the vicinity of the lower surface of the protective resin film 23a as described above. Similarly, the substrate-side resin film 27 is formed on the first liquid crystal layer 24 side of the glass substrate 21. The first liquid crystal layer 24 has a relatively high purity between the first resin film 23b and the substrate-side resin film 27 due to the polymerization and curing of all the polyester acrylate in the liquid crystal prepolymer mixed liquid 31. The liquid crystal and the azo yellow dye are sealed.

Here, since the exposure is performed through the polarizing plates 52 and 52 ', the polyester acrylate is polymerized with molecules oriented, so that the first resin film 2 is formed.
3b and the substrate-side resin film 27 have a function as an alignment film for aligning liquid crystal molecules near the surface thereof in the polarization directions of the polarizing plates 52 and 52 ′. Therefore, the polarizing plate 52
And the polarization direction of the polarizing plate 52 ′ are set to form an angle of 90 °, for example, so that the alignment direction of the liquid crystal molecules is 90 ° between the first resin film 23b and the substrate-side resin film 27.
A twisted TN guest-host liquid crystal cell structure is formed.

As described above, when a prepolymer having a large transmittance of light of a predetermined wavelength after polymerization and curing is used, the first resin film 23b can be formed particularly efficiently. Even when a material whose transmittance does not change significantly before and after the polymerization is used, if the third light is irradiated with light having a wavelength that can pass through the protective resin film 23a to some extent, the first resin film is similarly formed. 23b can be formed.

(7) Next, as shown in FIG.
A transparent conductive film of ITO (sheet resistance 1
00-50 ohm / □) to form the counter electrode 28 by vapor deposition, and the first display layer 37 (yellow layer made of azo yellow dye)
Was formed.

The protective resin film 23a as described above is
Although not necessarily formed, since the liquid crystal prepolymer mixed liquid 31 is protected by the protective resin film 23a and the glass substrate 21 by forming this, for example,
A photomask or a polarizing plate can be overlaid on the protective resin film 23a for exposure, and at that time, no unevenness is formed on the surface of the liquid crystal prepolymer mixed liquid 31. Further, the first resin film 23b and the substrate-side resin film 2
7 does not necessarily have to be formed by polymerizing and curing via a polarizing plate so that the molecules have directionality. However, when the molecules of the first resin film 23b and the substrate-side resin film 27 have directionality, the liquid crystal molecules in the liquid crystal layer are aligned in a predetermined direction in the non-application state, and The dichroic dye contained in the liquid crystal layer is arranged in parallel with the liquid crystal molecules. Therefore, it becomes easy to control the orientation of the liquid crystal molecules in the liquid crystal layer by applying an electric field to control the orientation direction of the dichroic dye, and the contrast is improved.

The counter resin film 23 may be formed after the support member 22 is formed, but normally, as described above, the counter resin film is first formed so that the concavo-convex pattern of the counter resin film is formed. It can be kept small. In addition, (3)
When the step (4) is performed in the reverse order, it is necessary to perform proximity exposure or projection exposure for mask alignment in the step (4).

The support member 22 is formed by polymerizing and curing the polyester acrylate in the liquid crystal prepolymer mixed solution 31 as described above, but is previously known before the application of the liquid crystal prepolymer mixed solution 31. Printing of
It may be formed by lithography, exposure of resist, and development. In this case, of course, the step (4) is unnecessary.

Further, when the thickness of the first liquid crystal layer 24 is kept constant by another spacer or the like, the support member 22 does not necessarily have to be formed as described above.

Further, before or in place of the exposure of the liquid crystal prepolymer mixed liquid 31, the liquid crystal prepolymer mixed liquid 3 is used.
A protective resin film may be formed by contacting the surface of 1 with a substance that accelerates the polymerization of the prepolymer, such as an amine activator.

(8) Further, the above steps (1) to (7) are repeated twice, and as shown in FIG. 5I, the second display layer 38 and the third display layer 38 are formed on the first display layer 37. The display layer 39 is laminated. In the second display layer 38, a magenta perylene dye is used as a dichroic dye, and
The display layer 39 uses a cyan anthraquinone dye. In this state, as shown in FIG. 1, the guest-host type transmissive liquid crystal display device is obtained by providing the outermost electrode 36 and the polarizing plates 30 on the outer side of the glass substrate 21. Although not shown in FIG. 5I, when forming the second display layer 38, (7)
Before performing the step (1), a contact hole is formed from the surface side of the counter resin film 42 to the switching element on the substrate via the supporting members 22 and 44 by dry etching. Next, the contact hole is filled with a conductive paste or the like, and a transparent conductive film of ITO is vapor-deposited in a pattern on the counter resin film 42 according to the step (7) to form the counter electrode 35. The electrode 35 and the switching element formed on the substrate are connected via a conductive paste.

When forming the second display layer 38, a polyimide resin or the like is applied on the counter electrode 28 constituting the first display layer 37 and dried in advance, and then a rubbing treatment is performed to form an alignment film, After that, the steps (2) to (7) can be performed. At that time, the second display layer 38
It is not necessary to polymerize and harden the substrate-side resin film 45 constituting the substrate by exposure, and the step (5) is unnecessary. Furthermore,
Similarly, when forming the third display layer 39, the second display layer 38 is formed.
It is also possible to apply a polyimide resin or the like on the counter electrode 35 constituting the above to form an alignment film and perform the steps (2) to (7).

(Second Embodiment) In the first embodiment,
Although an example in which a guest-host type transmissive liquid crystal display device is configured is shown, the invention is not limited to this, and for example, as shown in FIG. 7, as a counter electrode on a counter resin film 43 forming a third display layer,
A guest-host type reflective liquid crystal display device can be obtained by vapor-depositing a reflective film 41 having a thickness of about 1 μm and containing metallic aluminum as a main component (for example, aluminum is 98% and silicon is 2%). . Further, a reflective film may be formed on the outer side of the glass substrate 21.

In the first and second embodiments, the example of the liquid crystal display device driven by the TFT has been shown, but the present invention is not limited to this, and the scanning signal line is provided on the glass substrate and the image signal line is set to the first. The liquid crystal display device may be provided on the respective opposing resin films forming the first, second and third display layers to form a simple matrix driven liquid crystal display device.

(Embodiment 3) A blind glass or a liquid crystal shutter (hereinafter referred to as "blind glass") having a dimming function by uniformly controlling the alignment direction of liquid crystal using a resin / liquid crystal forming body is described. This will be described with reference to FIG.

As shown in FIG. 8, the blind glass has a glass substrate 2 between a pair of glass substrates 21 and 61.
1, the control electrode 62 over the entire surface of the first substrate, the substrate-side resin film 27 and the first liquid crystal layer (the liquid crystal layer containing the dichroic dye, which form the resin / liquid crystal forming body integrally formed in the same manner as in the first embodiment. ) 24, a counter resin film 23, and a counter electrode 28 are provided. On the other hand, although the support member 22 as in the first embodiment is not provided, the glass substrate 21,
In a peripheral portion (not shown) of 61, a liquid crystal layer containing a dichroic dye is sealed by a sealing member, and a distance between the glass substrates 21 and 61 is kept constant.

Next, a method of manufacturing the above-mentioned blind glass will be described.

(11) By the same process as the formation of the pixel electrode 26 in the first embodiment, the glass substrate 21 is
A control electrode 62 made of an ITO film is formed on the entire surface.

(12) In the same manner as (2) of Embodiment 1, the liquid crystal prepolymer mixed liquid 31 is applied using a spinner.

(13) In the same manner as in (3) of Embodiment 1, over the entire surface of the liquid crystal prepolymer mixed liquid 31,
The liquid crystal prepolymer mixed liquid 3 was exposed in the vicinity of the surface of the liquid crystal prepolymer mixed liquid 31 by exposing the liquid crystal prepolymer mixed liquid 31 with the first light having a wavelength of 254 nm and an intensity of 5 mW / cm2 for about 300 mJ / cm2.
The polyester acrylate in 1 is polymerized and cured to form the protective resin film 23a.

(14) In the same manner as (5) of the first embodiment, 500 mJ / cm 2 from the glass substrate 21 side with the third light having a wavelength of 313 nm and an intensity of 0.5 mW / cm 2.
The substrate side resin film 27 is formed on the glass substrate 21 by exposing about 2 times.

(15) In the same manner as in (6) of the first embodiment, the liquid crystal prepolymer mixed liquid 31 has a wavelength of 313n.
800 m with the third light of m, intensity 0.5 mW / cm2
The first resin film 23b is formed on the glass substrate 21 side of the protective resin film 23a by exposing it to about J / cm2, and
The liquid crystal remaining in the liquid crystal prepolymer mixture 31 and the dichroic dye form the first liquid crystal layer 24. Thus, the first liquid crystal layer 24 can be formed without injecting the liquid crystal and the dichroic dye, so that even a large area such as a blind glass can be easily manufactured.

(16) The counter electrode 28 is formed in the same manner as in (7) of the first embodiment.

(17) Glass substrate 6 on counter electrode 28
Stick 1 together.

(18) By providing the polarizing plates 30 and 30 on both sides of the glass substrates 21 and 61, the blind glass shown in FIG. 8 can be obtained.

Note that, also in the third embodiment, the support member 22 may be provided as in the first embodiment. In this case, the first liquid crystal layer 24 can be provided without providing the glass substrate 61.
It is easy to keep the thickness constant.

Further, instead of the glass substrate 61, a protective film or a resin substrate may be provided, or the counter resin film 23 may be formed to have a thickness having sufficient strength and rigidity.

When the orientation of the liquid crystal is controlled not by the electric field but by light or temperature,
It is not necessary to provide the control electrode 62 and the counter electrode 28.

[0129]

The present invention is carried out in the form as described above, and has the following effects.

That is, a first resin film, a second resin film facing the first resin film, and a liquid crystal containing a dichroic dye sealed between the first and second resin films. The resin / liquid crystal forming body in which the layer and the layer are integrally formed has a structure in which the layers are in close contact with each other, and foreign matters such as dust and dust do not exist between the respective constituent members. In addition, the space in the resin / liquid crystal forming body is not wasted, and therefore, it is possible to form the resin / liquid crystal forming body as thin as possible, and the resin / liquid crystal forming body can be made lightweight and thin. When the resin / liquid crystal forming body is applied to a liquid crystal display device, the liquid crystal display device has a liquid crystal layer containing a dichroic dye between a substrate-side resin film formed on one substrate and a counter resin film. Since it will be a sealed configuration,
The weight can be reduced as compared with a liquid crystal display device in which a liquid crystal layer containing a dichroic dye is sealed between a pair of substrates. Moreover, since a color filter is not required, a lightweight and thin liquid crystal display device capable of bright display can be obtained. Furthermore, since the thickness of the resin film can be made as thin as possible, the viewing angle characteristics of the liquid crystal display device can be improved.

Further, a mixture film containing a photosensitive prepolymer, a liquid crystal and a dichroic dye is exposed to light, and the photosensitive prepolymer in the mixture film is selectively polymerized and cured to form a mixture film on the surface of the mixture film. The first resin film is formed, the second resin film is formed on the substrate side of the mixture film, and the photosensitive prepolymer is polymerized and cured between the first resin film and the second resin film. By forming the liquid crystal layer from the remaining dichroic dye and the liquid crystal, the liquid crystal layer can be formed without the need for the liquid crystal injection step, and the manufacturing efficiency can be improved. Then, the first and second resin films are formed by polymerizing and curing by exposure to polarized light, so that the first and second resin films have a liquid crystal alignment property capable of aligning liquid crystal molecules in a predetermined direction. Since it has, the rubbing process does not need to be performed, the manufacturing efficiency can be improved, and the manufacturing process can be simplified and the manufacturing cost can be reduced.

[Brief description of drawings]

FIG. 1 is a vertical sectional view showing a configuration of a transmissive liquid crystal display device according to a first embodiment.

FIG. 2 is an explanatory diagram showing a manufacturing process of the liquid crystal display device of the first embodiment.

FIG. 3 is an explanatory diagram showing a manufacturing process of the liquid crystal display device of the first embodiment.

FIG. 4 is an explanatory diagram showing a manufacturing process of the liquid crystal display device of the first embodiment.

FIG. 5 is an explanatory diagram showing a manufacturing process of the liquid crystal display device of the first embodiment.

FIG. 6 is a graph showing visible-ultraviolet spectral absorption characteristics of the liquid crystal prepolymer mixed liquid of the first embodiment.

FIG. 7 is a vertical sectional view showing a configuration of a reflective liquid crystal display device according to a second embodiment.

FIG. 8 is a vertical cross-sectional view showing the structure of the blind glass according to the third embodiment.

[Explanation of symbols] 21,61 glass substrate 22 Support member 23, 42, 43 Opposing resin film 23a Protective resin film 23b First resin film 24 First liquid crystal layer 25 thin film transistor 26 pixel electrodes 27 Substrate side resin film (second resin film) 28, 35, 36 counter electrodes 30 Polarizer 31 Liquid crystal prepolymer mixture 33 Second liquid crystal layer 34 Third Liquid Crystal Layer 37 First display layer 38 Second display layer 39 Third display layer 41 Reflective film 51 photo mask 51a gap 52 Polarizer 62 control electrode

Front page continuation (58) Fields surveyed (Int.Cl. ⁷ , DB name) G02F 1/137 500 G02F 1/13 101 G02F 1/1333 500

Claims (47)

(57) [Claims] 1. A liquid crystal containing a first resin film, a second resin film facing the first resin film, and a dichroic dye sealed between the first and second resin films. A resin / liquid crystal formed body in which a layer and are integrally formed. 2. At least one of the first resin film and the second resin film has a liquid crystal orientation capable of orienting liquid crystal molecules in a liquid crystal layer containing a dichroic dye in a predetermined direction. Item 2. The resin / liquid crystal formed body according to Item 1. 3. The resin according to claim 1, wherein the first resin film and the second resin film are formed of a resin having the same composition, which is obtained by polymerizing and curing a photosensitive prepolymer by exposure. -Liquid crystal forming body. 4. A support member integrally formed with the first and second resin films, wherein a distance between the first resin film and the second resin film is made constant by the support member. Item 5. A resin / liquid crystal formed body according to item 3. 5. The resin / liquid crystal formed body according to claim 1, wherein the resin forming the first and second resin films is a polyester acrylate resin. 6. The liquid crystal layer includes a nematic liquid crystal,
The resin / liquid crystal formed body according to claim 1. 7. The resin / liquid crystal formed body according to claim 6, wherein the nematic liquid crystal is a tolan-based nematic liquid crystal. 8. A liquid crystal layer containing a first resin film, a second resin film facing the first resin film, and a dichroic dye sealed between the first and second resin films. A method of integrally forming a resin / liquid crystal forming body, comprising: a liquid mixture containing a photosensitive prepolymer, a dichroic dye, and a liquid crystal on the surface of a light-transmissive substrate. A step of applying and forming a mixture film composed of the mixture solution on the surface of the substrate; and light having a wavelength and a light intensity capable of selectively polymerizing and curing only the surface layer of the mixture film on the surface of the mixture film. Exposure to light to form a first resin film on the surface layer of the mixture film, and a first resin film forming step of pushing the dichroic dye and liquid crystal in the portion toward the substrate side, and from the back side of the substrate to the substrate side. By exposing through
The photosensitive prepolymer remaining in the mixture film is polymerized and cured to form a second resin film facing the first resin film on the substrate side, and a phase-separated dichroic dye and liquid crystal are added to the first resin film. A second resin film forming step, which is arranged between the first resin film and the second resin film. 9. A liquid crystal layer containing a first resin film, a second resin film facing the first resin film, and a dichroic dye sealed between the first and second resin films. And a liquid crystal prepolymer containing a photosensitive prepolymer, a dichroic dye, and a liquid crystal on the surface of a light-transmitting substrate. Apply the mixture,
A step of forming a mixture film made of the mixture solution on the surface of the substrate; exposing the surface of the mixture film to light of a first wavelength that does not substantially pass through the mixture film, and exposing the mixture film surface to light. Selectively polymerizes and cures the hydrophilic prepolymer, and
A protective resin film forming step of forming a protective resin film on the surface layer of the mixture film by pushing the colorant and the liquid crystal to the substrate side, and a third wavelength light from the back side of the substrate through the substrate to the mixture film. Is exposed to selectively polymerize and cure the photosensitive prepolymer existing in the vicinity of the substrate surface to form a second resin film on the substrate surface side, and at the same time, protect the dichroic dye and liquid crystal in the portion from the resin film. And a second resin film forming step of pushing the film toward the side, and exposing the mixture film from the protective resin film side through the protective resin film with light having a third wavelength to polymerize the photosensitive prepolymer remaining in the mixture film. A first resin film that is hardened and integrated with the protective resin film is formed inside the protective resin film, and the dichroic dye and the liquid crystal that are phase-separated are first resin film and second resin film. And a step of forming a first resin film disposed between the resin and the liquid crystal forming body. Law. 10. A liquid crystal layer containing a first resin film, a second resin film facing the first resin film, and a dichroic dye sealed between the first and second resin films. And a support member for supporting the first resin film and the second resin film at a constant interval, which is a manufacturing method for integrally forming a resin / liquid crystal forming body, A step of applying a liquid crystal prepolymer mixed liquid containing at least a photosensitive prepolymer, a dichroic dye and a liquid crystal to the surface of the substrate to form a mixed film made of the mixed liquid on the surface of the substrate; The surface of the mixture film is exposed by exposing the surface of the mixture film with light having a first wavelength that does not pass through the mixture film and pushing the dichroic dye and liquid crystal present near the surface of the mixture film toward the substrate. Protective resin for selectively polymerizing and curing a photosensitive prepolymer in the vicinity to form a protective resin film on the surface of the mixture film In the forming step, a mask having a desired pattern is superposed on the outside of the protective resin film, and the mixture film is exposed to light having a second wavelength through the mask, and the photosensitive prepolymer is polymerized and cured into a desired shape. A step of forming a support member comprising: a photosensitive prepolymer of the surface layer by exposing the surface layer on the substrate surface side of the mixture film from the back side of the substrate through a polarizing plate and the substrate with light having a third wavelength. Is selectively polymerized and cured to form a second resin film, and a second resin film forming step of pushing the dichroic dye and liquid crystal present in the surface layer toward the protective resin film side; The plates are stacked, the mixture film is exposed to light having a third wavelength through the polarizing plate and the protective resin film, and the photosensitive prepolymer remaining in the mixture film is polymerized and cured to form the protective resin film. First integrated with the protective resin film inside
Forming a resin film, and forming a resin / liquid crystal comprising a step of forming a phase-separated dichroic dye and a liquid crystal between the first resin film and the second resin film. Body manufacturing method. 11. The light having a wavelength within the absorption region in the light absorption characteristics of the photosensitive prepolymer is used as the light having the first wavelength, and the light having the third wavelength has an absorbance with respect to the photosensitive prepolymer. The method for producing a resin / liquid crystal formed body according to claim 9, wherein light having a wavelength smaller than the light having the first wavelength is used. 12. The method for producing a resin / liquid crystal formed body according to claim 11, wherein the exposure of the light having the first and third wavelengths is performed under the condition of reciprocity law failure. 13. The resin / liquid crystal forming body according to claim 12, wherein the photosensitive prepolymer contains a polyester acrylate-based compound, and the light having the first wavelength is deep ultraviolet light having a wavelength of 254 nm. Production method. 14. The light having a wavelength within an absorption region in the light absorption characteristic of the photosensitive prepolymer is used as the light having the first wavelength, and the light having the second wavelength has an absorbance with respect to the photosensitive prepolymer. The light having a wavelength smaller than the light having the first wavelength is used, and the light having the third wavelength has the absorbance smaller than the light having the first wavelength and larger than the light having the second wavelength. The method for producing a resin / liquid crystal formed body according to claim 10, wherein light having a wavelength is used. 15. The liquid crystal prepolymer mixed solution further contains a polymerization initiator or a sensitizer, and in the light absorption characteristic of the photosensitive prepolymer as light of the first wavelength in the protective resin film forming step. Using light having a wavelength in the absorption region, and performing exposure to the mixture film under conditions of reciprocity law failure, as the light of the second wavelength, from the absorption peak wavelength in the absorption characteristics of the polymerization initiator or sensitizer The photosensitive prepolymer is used as light having a third wavelength in the first resin film forming step and the second resin film forming step by using light of a long wavelength and exposing the mixture film under reciprocity conditions. Exposure to the mixture film using light having a wavelength between the long-wavelength side end of the absorption region in the absorption characteristics of the polymer and the absorption peak wavelength in the absorption characteristics of the polymerization initiator or the sensitizer. Under the conditions of reciprocity, the resin-according to claim 14
Method for manufacturing liquid crystal forming body. 16. The method of manufacturing a resin / liquid crystal formed body according to claim 9, wherein the liquid crystal layer contains nematic liquid crystal. 17. The method for producing a resin / liquid crystal formed body according to claim 16, wherein the nematic liquid crystal is a tolan-based nematic liquid crystal. 18. The photopolymerization initiator or sensitizer,
The method for producing a resin / liquid crystal formed body according to claim 15, wherein a benzoyl compound is used. 19. The benzoyl-based compound is 2,
The method for producing a resin / liquid crystal formed body according to claim 18, wherein 2-dimethoxy-1,2-diphenylethan-1-one is used. 20. The photosensitive prepolymer contains a polyester acrylate-based material, the liquid crystal layer containing the dichroic dye contains a tran-based nematic liquid crystal, and the mixture film further comprises 2,2- Dimethoxy-1,2-
Along with diphenylethan-1-one, as the light of the first wavelength, far-ultraviolet light having a wavelength of 254 nm is used, as the light of the second wavelength, ultraviolet light having a wavelength of 365 nm is used, and the third wavelength 16. The method for producing a resin / liquid crystal formed body according to claim 15, wherein ultraviolet light having a wavelength of 313 nm is used as the light. 21. A substrate-side resin film formed of a polymerized and cured product of a photosensitive prepolymer, which is formed on the surface of a substrate having at least a pixel electrode and a switching element connected to the pixel electrode, and the substrate-side resin film. A counter resin film made of a polymerized and cured product of a photosensitive prepolymer, and a liquid crystal layer containing a dichroic dye sealed between the substrate-side resin film and the counter resin film. A liquid crystal display device having, wherein the substrate-side resin film, the liquid crystal layer, and the counter resin film,
A liquid crystal display device, which is formed integrally. 22. A counter electrode is formed on the opposite side of the counter resin film from the liquid crystal layer, and a display layer is formed by the counter electrode, the substrate side resin film, the counter resin film and the liquid crystal layer, and 22. The liquid crystal display device according to claim 21, wherein a plurality of display layers are laminated, and the liquid crystal layer in each display layer contains dichroic dyes of different colors. 23. The liquid crystal display device according to claim 22, wherein the display layer has a three-layer structure, and the dichroic dye contained in each liquid crystal layer is yellow, magenta, or cyan. 24. The liquid crystal according to claim 21, wherein a support member integrally formed with both the resin films is arranged between the substrate-side resin film and the counter resin film. Display device. 25. The substrate-side resin film and the counter resin film,
The liquid crystal display device according to any one of claims 21 to 24, comprising a polyester acrylate compound. 26. The liquid crystal display device according to claim 21, wherein the liquid crystal layer includes a nematic liquid crystal. 27. The liquid crystal display device according to claim 26, wherein the nematic liquid crystal is a tolan-based nematic liquid crystal. 28. At least one of the counter resin film and the substrate-side resin film is formed by polymerizing and curing a photosensitive prepolymer so that the molecules have directionality by exposure to polarized light. The liquid crystal display device according to any one of claims 21 to 24. 29. The liquid crystal display device according to claim 23, wherein the counter electrode on the outermost surface of the counter electrodes constituting each of the display layers is made of a material that reflects light. 30. The counter electrode constituting each of the display layers is formed of a transparent conductive film.
The liquid crystal display device according to item 1. 31. A substrate-side resin film made of a polymerized and cured product of a photosensitive prepolymer formed on the surface of a light-transmissive substrate having a pixel electrode and a switching element connected to the pixel electrode, and the substrate. And a liquid crystal layer containing a dichroic dye sealed between the substrate-side resin film and the counter resin film And a step of forming the pixel electrode and the switching element on the light-transmissive substrate, and a method of manufacturing the liquid crystal display device integrally formed, connecting the pixel electrode and the pixel electrode. Applying a mixed solution containing a photosensitive prepolymer, a dichroic dye, and a liquid crystal on the surface of the substrate having the switching element, and forming a mixed film made of the mixed solution on the surface of the substrate. The mixed film The surface of the mixture film is exposed to light having a wavelength and a light intensity capable of selectively polymerizing and curing only the surface layer of the mixture film to form a counter resin film on the surface layer of the mixture film, By a counter resin film forming step of pushing the chromatic dye and liquid crystal to the substrate side, and exposing through the substrate from the back side of the substrate,
The photosensitive prepolymer remaining in the mixture film is polymerized and cured to form a substrate-side resin film facing the counter resin film on the substrate side, and phase-separated dichroic dye and liquid crystal are used as a counter resin film. And a substrate-side resin film forming step, which is arranged between the substrate-side resin film and the substrate-side resin film. 32. A substrate-side resin film made of a polymerized and cured product of a photosensitive prepolymer, which is formed on the surface of a light-transmitting substrate having a pixel electrode and a switching element connected to the pixel electrode, and the substrate. And a liquid crystal layer containing a dichroic dye sealed between the substrate-side resin film and the counter resin film And a step of forming the pixel electrode and the switching element on the light-transmissive substrate, and a method of manufacturing the liquid crystal display device integrally formed, connecting the pixel electrode and the pixel electrode. A liquid crystal prepolymer mixed liquid containing a photosensitive prepolymer, a dichroic dye, and a liquid crystal is applied on the surface of a substrate having a switching element formed thereon, and a mixed film made of the mixed liquid is formed on the surface of the substrate. And the process The surface of the mixture film is exposed to light having a first wavelength that does not substantially pass through the mixture film to selectively polymerize and cure the photosensitive prepolymer in the vicinity of the surface of the mixture film.
A protective resin film forming step of forming a protective resin film on the surface layer of the mixture film by pushing the colorant and the liquid crystal to the substrate side, and a third wavelength light from the back side of the substrate through the substrate to the mixture film. Is exposed to selectively polymerize and cure the photosensitive prepolymer existing in the vicinity of the substrate surface to form a substrate-side resin film on the substrate surface side, and at the same time, protect the dichroic dye and liquid crystal in that portion from the protective resin film side. And a substrate side resin film forming step of exposing the mixture film to light of a third wavelength from the protective resin film side through the protective resin film to polymerize and cure the photosensitive prepolymer remaining in the mixture film. Then, a first resin film integrated with the protective resin film is formed inside the protective resin film, and a counter resin film is formed by the protective resin film and the first resin film, and phase separation is performed between two colors. Of arranging the functional dye and the liquid crystal between the first resin film and the substrate-side resin film. Method of manufacturing a liquid crystal display device characterized by comprising a resin film forming step. 33. A substrate-side resin film made of a polymerized and cured product of a photosensitive prepolymer, which is formed on the surface of a light-transmissive substrate having a pixel electrode and a switching element connected to the pixel electrode, and the substrate. And a liquid crystal layer containing a dichroic dye sealed between the substrate-side resin film and the counter resin film And a step of forming the pixel electrode and the switching element on the light-transmissive substrate, and a method of manufacturing the liquid crystal display device integrally formed, connecting the pixel electrode and the pixel electrode. A liquid crystal prepolymer mixed liquid containing a photosensitive prepolymer, a dichroic dye, and a liquid crystal is applied on the surface of a substrate having a switching element formed thereon, and a mixed film made of the mixed liquid is formed on the surface of the substrate. And the process While exposing the surface of the mixture film to light having a first wavelength that does not substantially pass through the mixture film, the dichroic dye and liquid crystal layer existing near the surface of the mixture film are pushed toward the substrate side. A protective resin film forming step of selectively polymerizing and curing the photosensitive prepolymer in the vicinity of the surface of the mixture film to form a protective resin film on the surface of the mixture film, and forming a desired pattern on the outside of the protective resin film. A step of stacking masks, exposing the mixture film with light of a second wavelength through the mask to form a supporting member formed by polymerizing and curing the photosensitive prepolymer into a desired shape; and polarizing from the back side of the substrate. The surface layer on the substrate surface side of the mixture film is exposed to light having a third wavelength through the plate and the substrate to selectively polymerize and cure the photosensitive prepolymer of the surface layer, and the substrate side resin on the substrate surface side. A film is formed and the dichroic dye and liquid crystal present on the surface layer are retained. A substrate-side resin film forming step of pushing to the resin film side, a polarizing plate is overlaid on the protective resin film, and the mixture film is exposed to light of a third wavelength through the polarizing plate and the protective resin film to form a mixture. A photosensitive prepolymer remaining in the film is polymerized and cured to be integrated with the protective resin film inside the protective resin film.
And a protective resin film and a first resin film to form a counter resin film, and the phase-separated dichroic dye and liquid crystal are separated between the first resin film and the substrate-side resin film. And a first resin film forming step of arranging the first resin film and the first resin film forming step. 34. As the light of the first wavelength, light having a wavelength within the absorption region in the light absorption characteristics of the photosensitive prepolymer is used, and as the light of the third wavelength, the absorbance with respect to the photosensitive prepolymer is 33. The method of manufacturing a liquid crystal display device according to claim 32, wherein light having a wavelength smaller than that of the first wavelength is used. 35. The light exposure of the first and third wavelengths is performed under the condition of reciprocity law failure.
4. The method for manufacturing a liquid crystal display device according to item 4. 36. The liquid crystal display according to claim 35, wherein the photosensitive prepolymer contains a polyester acrylate-based compound, and the light having the first wavelength is deep ultraviolet light having a wavelength of 254 nm. Device manufacturing method. 37. As the light having the first wavelength, light having a wavelength within the absorption region in the light absorption characteristics of the photosensitive prepolymer is used, and as the light having the second wavelength, the absorbance with respect to the photosensitive prepolymer is The light having a wavelength smaller than the light having the first wavelength is used, and the light having the third wavelength has the absorbance smaller than the light having the first wavelength and larger than the light having the second wavelength. 34. The method for manufacturing a liquid crystal display device according to claim 33, wherein light having a wavelength is used. 38. The liquid crystal prepolymer mixed solution further contains a polymerization initiator or a sensitizer, and in the light absorption characteristic of the photosensitive prepolymer as light of the first wavelength in the protective resin film forming step. Using light having a wavelength in the absorption region, and performing exposure to the mixture film under conditions of reciprocity law failure, as the light of the second wavelength, from the absorption peak wavelength in the absorption characteristics of the polymerization initiator or sensitizer The photosensitive prepolymer is used as light having a third wavelength in the first resin film forming step and the second resin film forming step by using light of a long wavelength and exposing the mixture film under reciprocity conditions. Exposure to the mixture film using light having a wavelength between the long-wavelength side end of the absorption region in the absorption characteristics of the polymer and the absorption peak wavelength in the absorption characteristics of the polymerization initiator or the sensitizer. Claim, characterized in that under the conditions of reciprocity failure 37
A method for manufacturing a liquid crystal display device according to item 1. 39. The method of manufacturing a liquid crystal display device according to claim 32, wherein the liquid crystal layer containing the dichroic dye contains nematic liquid crystal. 40. The method of manufacturing a liquid crystal display device according to claim 39, wherein the nematic liquid crystal is a trans nematic liquid crystal. 41. As the photopolymerization initiator or sensitizer,
4. A benzoyl compound is used.
8. The method for manufacturing a liquid crystal display device according to item 8. 42. As the benzoyl-based compound,
The method for manufacturing a liquid crystal display device according to claim 41, wherein 2-dimethoxy-1,2-diphenylethan-1-one is used. 43. The photosensitive prepolymer contains a polyester acrylate-based substance, and the liquid crystal layer containing the dichroic dye comprises a tolan-based nematic liquid crystal and an azo-based dye, a tolan-based nematic liquid crystal and a perylene-based dye, or , A tolan-based nematic liquid crystal and an anthraquinone-based dye, wherein the mixture film further comprises 2,2-dimethoxy-1,2-
Along with diphenylethan-1-one, as the light of the first wavelength, far-ultraviolet light having a wavelength of 254 nm is used, as the light of the second wavelength, ultraviolet light having a wavelength of 365 nm is used, and the third wavelength 39. The method for manufacturing a liquid crystal display device according to claim 38, wherein ultraviolet light having a wavelength of 313 nm is used as the light. 44. The method of manufacturing a liquid crystal display device according to claim 31, further comprising a counter electrode forming step of forming a counter electrode on a side of the counter resin film opposite to the liquid crystal layer. 45. The counter electrode forming step is a step of forming the counter electrode by forming a transparent conductive film on a side of the counter resin film opposite to the liquid crystal layer. A method for manufacturing a liquid crystal display device according to item 1. 46. The counter electrode forming step is a step of forming the counter electrode by forming a light reflecting film on a side of the counter resin film opposite to the liquid crystal layer. 44. A method for manufacturing the liquid crystal display device according to 44. 47. A substrate-side resin film made of a polymerized and cured product of a photosensitive prepolymer formed on the surface of a substrate having one of an image signal electrode and a scanning electrode, and the substrate-side resin film. Between the opposing resin film, which is made of a polymerized and cured product of a photosensitive prepolymer and is opposed to the other, of the image signal electrode and the scanning electrode, and between the substrate-side resin film and the opposing resin film. And a liquid crystal layer containing a dichroic dye sealed in, wherein the substrate-side resin film, the liquid crystal layer, and the counter resin film are:
A liquid crystal display device, which is formed integrally.