JP3397712B2 - Small-diameter tunnel machine - Google Patents

Description

Detailed Description of the Invention

[0001]

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention The present invention relates to excavating the ground with a cutting edge at the tip, feeding the excavated mud and excavated soil backward, and pushing the connecting pipes one after another from the rear to advance the whole wastewater pipe. The present invention relates to a small-diameter tunnel excavator that drills a hole in the ground with a diameter as small as 100 mm to 700 mm for burying pipelines such as rainwater pipes, cable pipes, and communication pipes.

[0002]

2. Description of the Related Art Conventionally, when attempting to bury underground pipes such as a sewage pipe, a rainwater pipe, a cable pipe, and a communication pipe with a diameter of 200 mm or less, at the present time, there is no discharge method (the head of a machine is press-fitted). Without transporting the excavated soil to the rear,
A method of pushing the material outside the pipeline and pressing it in is generally used. When the diameter is smaller than that (200 mm or less), a method is used in which high-pressure jet water is jetted to the cutting blade for excavation, and then the lead tube is pulled to construct a pipeline in two steps. However, this non-removing soil method or the method using jet water has a large resistance, and the propulsion extension is not performed well, or the influence of the soil quality greatly affects the propulsion in many cases. In addition, the usual propulsion head could not control the face pressure due to the opening or closing system, and the aquifer layer and the gravel mixed layer could not be dug.

[0003]

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION The problems to be solved by the present invention are to solve these problems in the prior art, to propel a long distance of 200 m or more, and to reduce the outer peripheral friction of the excavator.
An object of the present invention is to provide a small-diameter tunnel excavator capable of extremely low resistance, capable of excavating even in an aquifer layer or a gravel-mixed layer, and capable of drilling a very small diameter.

[0004]

Configuration of the present invention that solves SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION The foregoing object, 1) rotatably provided a cutting edge at the tip of the shield machine main body, the
Center the horizontal axis of rotation of the cutting edge on the machine body
A cylindrical cover 6 is provided on the outer side of the rotary shaft.
Support the bar on the excavator body with the support,
A rotary shaft bearing is provided to support the rotary shaft, and the rear end of the rotary shaft is supported.
A driving device powered by water pressure, air pressure or hydraulic pressure for rotating the drive shaft is provided to drive the rotary shaft of the cutting blade portion, and the mud water or the compressed water is sent to the periphery of the cutting blade portion. A spout pipe is provided at the tip of the excavator body to serve as an earth discharge path for discharging the mud excavated inside the machine body, and an earth discharge path between the inner surface of the machine body and the outer circumference of the cover.
An expansion / contraction body that can expand and contract freely is installed in a part of the
Small-diameter tunnel excavator characterized by being able to obtain 2) Use an air valve that expands and contracts with air as an expander and contractor
Wherein 1) small-diameter tunnel excavator 3 according) in air at several locations around the outer edge of the rear end of the shield machine main body had
Install an air pack that expands and contracts or a hydraulic pack that expands and contracts with oil.
The changeable direction of the excavator body can be changed.
1) or 2) the small-diameter tunnel excavator 4) Water pressure, air pressure or oil on the rear part of the rotary shaft of the cutting edge
A motor that rotates with pressure is installed and the rear end of the rotary shaft is
The above 1) to be driven via a live shaft
3) The small-diameter tunnel machine described in any of the above.

[0005]

In the present invention, the rotary shaft of the cutting edge portion at the tip of the excavator main body is rotated by a drive unit powered by water pressure, air pressure or hydraulic pressure. Further, compressed water or muddy water is sent to the periphery of the cutting edge portion from a compressed water jet pipe provided at the tip of the machine body. By sending pressurized water or muddy water around the cutting edge part, the excavation resistance of the cutting edge part is stable, and the excavated mud is sent into the excavator body by pressure. In the present invention, no pipe is provided as a passage for discharging mud, and the inside of the excavator body is used as an earth discharging passage. Therefore, the excavated mud moves backward through the inside of the excavator body. While excavating in this way, connecting pipes are successively added to the rear end of the excavator body to push the whole body forward so that the pipes are attached. Setting expansion and contraction freely expand and contract body part of Hydro only, to reduce the passage area of the mud by expanding the expansion and contraction body, mud passage by increasing the passage area of the mud by reducing the expansion and contraction body Change the area to control the pressure to send mud and the water pressure around the cutting edge. The expander / contractor that uses an air valve that expands / contracts with air becomes an expander / contractor that does not require a drive device in the excavator body by expanding / contracting with air. If you install an air pack that expands and contracts with air or a hydraulic pack that expands and contracts with oil at several points near the outer edge of the rear end of the excavator body, the direction opposite to the direction you want to change when you want to change the traveling direction of the machine By expanding the air pack or the hydraulic pack on the side, the excavator body is tilted with respect to the trailing pipe to change the traveling direction. In the case where a motor that rotates by water pressure, air pressure or hydraulic pressure is provided at the rear portion of the rotary shaft of the cutting blade, the cutting blade is rotated by a motor that uses water pressure or air pressure.

[0006]

BEST MODE FOR CARRYING OUT THE INVENTION The earth discharging path may be provided with a pipe to allow the mud to pass through the tube, or the space inside the excavator main body may be used as the discharging path to pass the mud into the space. The material of the air valve and the air pack or the hydraulic pack is preferably one having durability against internal and external pressures and durability against fatigue due to repeated expansion and contraction. The water pressure or the air pressure supplied to the excavator main body may be either pressure-adjusted inside the excavator main body or sent by an externally procured pressure. It is preferable to provide a stirring device near the soil discharging device so that the mud sent to the soil discharging device is not separated and settled due to its specific gravity. Each device installed in the excavator body,
It is desirable to use water pressure, air pressure or a hydraulic pack as a power source without using a prime mover, electricity or the like because the excavator body can have a small diameter.
The pressurized water sent from the pressure jet pipe may be muddy water or water.

[0007]

Embodiments of the present invention will be specifically described with reference to the drawings. In the embodiment shown in FIGS. 1 to 8, a cutting blade portion is rotatably provided at the tip of the excavator main body, and a drive device using hydraulic power is provided in the excavator main body to drive the rotary shaft of the cutting blade portion. A pressure water jet pipe that sends pressure water around the cutting edge is provided at the tip of the excavator body to serve as a discharge channel for discharging the mud excavated inside the excavator body, which can be expanded and contracted in part of the discharge channel. It is possible to change the passage area of mud by providing a different expansion and contraction body, and an air valve that expands and contracts with air is used as the expansion and contraction body, and air that expands and contracts with air at several points near the outer edge of the rear end of the excavator body. An example of a small-diameter tunnel excavator in which a pack is provided so that the traveling direction of the machine can be changed, and a motor that rotates hydraulically is provided behind the rotary shaft of the cutting blade to drive the rotary shaft. is there. FIG. 1 is a vertical cross-sectional view of a small-diameter tunnel machine of the embodiment. FIG. 2 is A- of FIG.
FIG. FIG. 3 is a sectional view taken along line BB of FIG. FIG. 4 is a sectional view taken along line CC of FIG. FIG. 5 is an explanatory view showing a state in which the air valve of the small diameter tunnel machine of the embodiment is contracted. FIG. 6 is an explanatory view of a state in which the air valve of the small diameter tunnel machine of the embodiment is contracted. FIG. 7 shows FIG.
FIG. FIG. 8 is an explanatory view of the small-diameter tunnel machine of the embodiment. In the figure, 1 is a small-diameter tunnel machine, 2a is a machine body, 2b is a machine body, 3 is a cutting edge portion, 3a is a cutting edge, 3b is a guide, 4 is a rotary shaft, 5 is a bearing, and 6 is a cover. , 7a and 7b are support parts, 8 is a joint, 9 is a hydraulic motor, 10 is an air valve, 11 is a pressurized water jet pipe, 12 is an air pack, 13 is a seal part, 14 is a stirring device, 15 is a discharge device, and 15a. Is a discharge pipe, 15b is an air pipe, 16 is a drive shaft, m is mud, and s is stone. In the embodiment, as shown in FIGS. 1 to 8, the inside of the excavator main body is used as an earth discharging passage. First, as shown in FIGS. 1 and 3, supporting portions 7a and 7b are provided inside a cylindrical machine body 2a. The support portions 7a and 7b are in a cross shape when viewed from the tip end side of the excavator body 2a, and have a shape capable of obtaining a large void as an earth discharging passage. Further, a hole is provided at the center of the supporting portions 7a and 7b. A cylindrical cover 6 is provided so as to penetrate through the central holes of the supporting portions 7a and 7b.
Next, bearings 5 are provided at two positions of the cover 6, and the rotary shaft 4 is provided so as to be rotatably supported by the bearings 5. Next, as shown in FIG. 2, the cutting blade portion 3 is provided at the tip of the rotary shaft 4, and the cutting blade portion 3
A plurality of cutting blades 3a are provided on the tip side of. A guide 3b is provided on the rear side of the cutting blade 3, and the outer circumference of the guide 3b is guided by the inner circumference of the excavator body 2a. Next, as shown in FIGS. 1 and 4, three air valves are provided on the inner circumference of the excavator body 2a between the support portions 7a and 7b. The air valve has a cylindrical shape and is attached with both ends sealed to the outer circumference. The air sending port is provided so that the air sent to the air valve is sent between the air valve and the outer circumference. Next, the hydraulic motor 9 is provided inside the excavator main body 2b, then the joint 8 is provided at the rear end of the rotary shaft 4 and the output shaft tip of the hydraulic motor 9, and the joint of the rotary shaft 4 and the output shaft tip of the hydraulic motor 9 are provided. The drive shaft 16 is provided so as to connect the joints 8 of FIG.
The outer diameter of the tip end portion of the cylindrical excavator body 2b is smaller than the inner diameter of the excavator body 2a, and a portion overlapping the rear end of the excavator body 2a is provided. The seal portion 13 is provided at this overlapping portion. Further, the tip of the excavator body 2b located inside the excavator body 2a is bent so as to be folded inward. A portion protruding toward the inside is provided in the excavator body 2a so as to face the bent portion at a predetermined interval. The air pack 12 is provided at intervals of about 90 ° between the part bent inside the tip of the excavator body 2b and the part protruding toward the inside of the excavator body 2a.
Provide it in a place. Next, the stirring device 1 is provided inside the excavator body 2b.
4 is provided, and a discharge device 15 is provided behind the stirring device 14. The discharge pipe 15a of the discharge device 15 is piped to the outside. At the tip of the discharge pipe 15a, the air pipe 15
b is connected so as to eject air toward the inside of the discharge pipe. Next, as shown in FIG. 1, the compressed water jet pipe 11 is arranged so that the outside of the excavator body 2a is directed forward along the excavator body 2a, and the tip of the pressurized water jet pipe 11 extends from the tip of the cutting blade portion 3a. It is possible to squirt toward the tip.
To use this small-diameter tunnel machine, install a small-diameter tunnel machine from a predetermined underground position to a target point and send oil from outside to the hydraulic motor at a specific pressure to drive the hydraulic motor. To do. The drive of the hydraulic motor is transmitted to the rotary shaft 4 by the joint 8 and the drive shaft 16. Therefore, the rotary shaft 4 rotates, and the cutting edge portion 3 attached to the tip of the rotary shaft 4 rotates. Rotating cutting edge part 3
Excavation is performed by the cutting blade 3a attached to the. In addition, high-pressure water or muddy water is sent to the periphery of the cutting edge 3a by the pressurized water jet pipe 11, the cutting edge 3a is stably excavated, and the excavated mud is sent backward by pressure. The excavated mud is sent to the inside of the excavator main body 2a by pressure from a portion where the cutting blade portion 3 can pass. The mud sent to the inside of the excavator main body 2a is sent further rearward through the portion of the support portion 7a which can pass therethrough. In the present embodiment, the air valve 10 is controlled within a predetermined range so that the internal air pressure keeps the pressure of the mud in front of the air valve 10 constant. If the mud pressure is higher than the specified pressure, the air valve 10
The air pressure in the air valve 1 is increased to increase the passage area between the cover 6 and the air valve 10 as shown in FIG.
Send mud in front of 0 to the back. This prevents the pressure of the mud in front of the air valve 10 from becoming too high. If the mud pressure is lower than the specified pressure,
By increasing the air pressure of the air valve 10 to reduce the passage area between the cover 6 and the air valve 10 as shown in FIG. 4, the mud in front of the air valve 10 is not sent to the rear, or only part of it is sent. . This allows the air valve 1
The pressure of mud in front of 0 will not become too low. By excavating in this way, it is possible to perform excavation while maintaining a predetermined pressure around the cutting edge without being affected by the nature of the soil to be excavated. Therefore, the outer peripheral friction of the excavator can be reduced and the resistance can be made extremely low, so that the excavation can be performed even in the aquifer layer and the gravel mixed layer. The mud sent to the rear from the air valve 10 moves rearward through a portion of the support portion 7b that can pass through and is agitated by the agitator 14. By stirring, it is possible to prevent the mud from separating due to its specific gravity and preventing a portion with a large specific gravity from accumulating and stopping moving. The stirring device 14 rotates the stirring blade and sends the mud to the rear while stirring. The mud sent to the rear by the stirring device 14 is carried to the outside by the discharging device 15. The discharge device 15 is configured such that one end of the discharge pipe 15a is negatively pressured outside, and the excavator body 2b
The mud is blown in from one end of the discharge pipe 15a provided inside and sent to the outside. If one end of the discharge pipe provided inside the excavator main body 2b is buried in the mud, suction cannot be performed by the negative pressure. In this case, air is sent from the air pipe 15b connected to the tip of the discharge pipe 15a so that the buried mud is blown away so that it can be removed and sucked. The excavated mud is discharged while excavating, the connecting pipe is connected to the rear end of the excavator body, the whole is propelled by a jack, and the connecting pipes are connected one after another. If you want to change the traveling direction of the machine further,
Air pack 1 in the direction opposite to the direction you want the machine to go
Send air to 2. As a result, the excavator body 2a is tilted with respect to the excavator body 2b, and the propelling direction is changed. As described above, the small-diameter tunnel machine of the embodiment can perform excavation while correcting the traveling direction by the air pack 12. Further, the air pack may be a hydraulic pack that expands and contracts with oil. In this way, the small-diameter tunnel excavator of the present embodiment makes the inside of the excavator main body an earth discharging path to both reduce the diameter and discharge the excavated mud to the rear,
The small-diameter tunnel machine of the embodiment can excavate a long distance of 200 m or more with a small diameter of 200 mm. Further, as shown in FIG. 8, stones flow into the earth discharging passage provided with the air valve 10, and the stones are discharged from the air valve 1
When 0 is pressed, the air valve 10 is relatively soft and therefore appropriately deformed as shown in FIG. 8, so that the air valve 10 is not damaged.

[0008]

According to the present invention, a long distance of 200 m or more can be propelled, the outer peripheral friction of the machine can be reduced, the resistance can be made very low, and excavation can be carried out even in an aquifer layer or a gravel mixed layer, It can be used as a small-diameter tunnel excavator that can make small-diameter holes. Is provided with the expansion and contraction freely expand and contract body part of Hydro can further drilling to less affected the properties of the soil small diameter tunnel excavator. The expander that uses an air valve that expands and contracts with air is easy to control, the required space can be reduced, and the passage used for soil discharge can be enlarged. A small diameter tunnel excavator that can easily change the direction in which the excavator is advanced is provided with air packs that expand and contract with air or hydraulic packs that expand and contract with oil at several locations near the outer edge of the rear end of the excavator body. You can Water pressure on the rear part of the rotating shaft of the cutting edge,
The one provided with a motor that rotates by air pressure or hydraulic pressure can reduce the required space and enlarge the passage used for soil removal.

[Brief description of drawings]

FIG. 1 is a vertical cross-sectional view of a small-diameter tunnel machine according to an embodiment.

FIG. 2 is a sectional view taken along line AA of FIG.

FIG. 3 is a sectional view taken along line BB of FIG.

FIG. 4 is a sectional view taken along line CC of FIG.

FIG. 5 is an explanatory view showing a state in which the air valve of the small diameter tunnel machine of the embodiment is contracted.

FIG. 6 is an explanatory view showing a state in which the air valve of the small diameter tunnel machine of the embodiment is contracted.

7 is a cross-sectional view taken along the line DD of FIG.

FIG. 8 is an explanatory diagram of a small-diameter tunnel excavator according to the embodiment.

[Explanation of symbols]

1 small diameter tunnel excavator 2a Excavator body 2b Excavator body 3 cutting edge 3a cutting edge 3b guide 4 rotation axes 5 bearings 6 cover 7a support 7b support 8 joints 9 hydraulic motor 10 Air valve 11 Pressure water jet pipe 12 air packs 13 Seal part 14 Stirrer 15 Ejector 15a discharge pipe 15b air pipe 16 drive shaft m mud s stone

Front page continuation (72) Eiji Sakai Eiji Sakai Fukuoka City Hakata-ku Hakata Station Minami 5-chome No. 23, No. 23 Shin-Kogyo Koei Co., Ltd. Promotion Division (72) Inventor Tadao Fujita Sugimoto-cho, Tenri City 269-5 (56) Reference JP-A-2-136496 (JP, A) JP-A-7-133697 (JP, A) (58) Fields investigated (Int.Cl. ⁷ , DB name) E21D 9/06 301 E21D 9/06 311 E21D 9/08 E21D 9/12

Claims (4)

(57) [Claims] 1. An excavator main body, wherein a cutting blade portion is rotatably provided at a tip of the excavator main body, and a horizontal rotary shaft for rotating the cutting blade portion is provided.
It is installed in the center of the
The cover is supported on the excavator body by the support part
The bearing of the rotary shaft is installed on the
A drive device driven by water pressure, air pressure or hydraulic pressure for rotating the rear end of the shaft is provided in the excavator body to drive the rotary shaft of the cutting blade portion, and muddy water or compressed water around the cutting blade portion. A pressure water jet pipe for sending in is provided at the tip portion of the excavator body,
A discharge path for discharging the mud excavated inside the excavator body, between the inner surface of the excavator body and the outer circumference of the cover.
An expansion / contraction body that can be expanded / contracted is provided in a part of the discharge path, and the surface of the mud passage
A small diameter tunnel excavator characterized by being able to change the product . 2. An air bar which expands and contracts with air as an expanding and contracting body.
The small diameter tunnel excavator according to claim 1, which uses a lube. 3. Several points near the outer edge of the rear end of the excavator body
An air pack that expands and contracts with air or a hydraulic power pack that expands and contracts with oil.
So that you can change the direction of travel of the excavator body
The small diameter tunnel excavator according to claim 1 or 2 . 4. Water pressure and air are provided on the rear portion of the rotary shaft of the cutting blade portion.
Install a motor that rotates by pressure or hydraulic pressure
Contractor that is designed to be driven through the joint and drive shaft
A small diameter tunnel excavator according to any one of claims 1 to 3 .