JP3396313B2 - Gasification method of organic waste - Google Patents

Gasification method of organic waste

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Publication number
JP3396313B2
JP3396313B2 JP28654594A JP28654594A JP3396313B2 JP 3396313 B2 JP3396313 B2 JP 3396313B2 JP 28654594 A JP28654594 A JP 28654594A JP 28654594 A JP28654594 A JP 28654594A JP 3396313 B2 JP3396313 B2 JP 3396313B2
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JP
Japan
Prior art keywords
gas
gasification
oxygen
wood
organic waste
Prior art date
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Expired - Fee Related
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JP28654594A
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Japanese (ja)
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JPH08143873A (en
Inventor
竹内　　善幸
忠昭 田村
孝幸 原田
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Mitsubishi Heavy Industries Ltd
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Mitsubishi Heavy Industries Ltd
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Classifications

    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E50/00—Technologies for the production of fuel of non-fossil origin
    • Y02E50/30—Fuel from waste, e.g. synthetic alcohol or diesel
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
    • Y02P20/00—Technologies relating to chemical industry
    • Y02P20/141—Feedstock
    • Y02P20/145—Feedstock the feedstock being materials of biological origin
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02W—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO WASTEWATER TREATMENT OR WASTE MANAGEMENT
    • Y02W30/00—Technologies for solid waste management
    • Y02W30/20—Waste processing or separation
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02W—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO WASTEWATER TREATMENT OR WASTE MANAGEMENT
    • Y02W30/00—Technologies for solid waste management
    • Y02W30/50—Reuse, recycling or recovery technologies
    • Y02W30/78—Recycling of wood or furniture waste

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  • Processing Of Solid Wastes (AREA)

Description

【発明の詳細な説明】Detailed Description of the Invention

【０００１】[0001]

【産業上の利用分野】本発明はプラスチック類と木材と
が混在する有機系廃棄物を部分酸化、ガス化して可燃成
分を含むガス化ガスを回収し、有効利用するとともに、
無公害の廃棄物のみを排出するプラスチック類と木材と
が混在する有機系廃棄物のガス化方法に関する。The present invention relates to plastics and wood.
Partial oxidation and gasification of organic waste mixed with is recovered gasified gas containing combustible components for effective use,
With plastics and wood that emit only pollution-free waste
The present invention relates to a gasification method for organic waste containing a mixture of.

【０００２】[0002]

【従来の技術】従来、木材、農作物（砂糖きび、とうも
ろこしなど）、一般植物（藻、雑草など）などの有機物
のガス化が行われているが、最近では産業廃棄物として
のプラスチック類、故紙、廃棄自動車中のプラスチック
類を破砕したいわゆるシュレッダーダストなどの有機物
を主体とする廃棄物のガス化技術が開発され、有効利用
されるようになってきている。従来のガス化や燃焼方法
においては、一般に１段式の移動層型または流動層型の
熱分解炉や燃焼炉が使用され、廃熱の回収を主目的に実
施されている。また最近ではプラスチック類を含む廃棄
物について、１段式熱分解炉で熱分解して油分を回収す
る方法の技術開発が行われている。2. Description of the Related Art Conventionally, organic substances such as wood, agricultural products (sugar cane, corn, etc.) and general plants (algae, weeds, etc.) have been gasified. A gasification technology of waste mainly composed of organic matter such as so-called shredder dust obtained by crushing plastics in a discarded automobile has been developed and has been effectively used. In conventional gasification and combustion methods, generally, a one-stage moving bed type or fluidized bed type pyrolysis furnace or combustion furnace is used, and it is carried out mainly for recovery of waste heat. Further, recently, technological development of a method of thermally decomposing wastes containing plastics in a one-stage pyrolysis furnace to recover oil is being carried out.

【０００３】[0003]

【発明が解決しようとする課題】前述した従来の方法に
は次のような問題点がある。 １）熱分解またはガス化により熱分解・ガス化ガスまた
は熱分解油を得る方法；この方法の場合、プラスチック
類は通常複数の素材が混在しているため、熱分解温度が
約３００〜８００℃の広範囲になり、運転が難しく、未
反応炭素によるすすの発生、及び装置壁面へのコーキン
グ発生が問題となっている。さらに、これらの未反応炭
素の混入により熱分解油の品質が低下し、低品質の燃料
油としてしか使用できない。シュレッダーダストについ
ても同様な問題がある。また、木材、農作物、一般植物
などでは約４０〜６０％の残留炭素が発生し、熱分解ガ
スはＣＯ2 が多いので発熱量が低く、燃料ガスとして使
用できない。The above-mentioned conventional method has the following problems. 1) Method of obtaining pyrolysis / gasification gas or pyrolysis oil by pyrolysis or gasification; In this method, since the plastics usually have a mixture of a plurality of materials, the pyrolysis temperature is about 300 to 800 ° C. However, it is difficult to operate, soot is generated due to unreacted carbon, and coking is generated on the wall surface of the apparatus. Furthermore, the quality of the pyrolysis oil deteriorates due to the incorporation of these unreacted carbons, and it can only be used as a low-quality fuel oil. Similar problems exist with shredder dust. Further, about 40 to 60% of residual carbon is generated in wood, agricultural products, general plants, etc., and the thermal decomposition gas has a large amount of CO 2 , so the calorific value is low, and it cannot be used as a fuel gas.

【０００４】さらに廃棄物中には、プラスチック類と木
材のように熱分解またはガス化特性が著しく異なる物質
が混在している場合がある。プラスチック類は熱可塑性
のもので一般に約４００〜５５０℃、熱硬化性のもので
一般に約５００〜６５０℃で熱分解が終了する。ところ
が木材の場合には、木材の種類によっても相違するが、
一般には約４００〜５５０℃で熱分解が終了した後に炭
素成分を主体とするいわゆる木炭が残存する。この木炭
は、プラスチック類に比べてガス化速度が約１／１０程
度で非常に遅い。したがって、これらの特性が相違する
混合廃棄物のガス化または燃焼を単一工程で行う場合に
は、装置が大型化ならざるをえない。Further, waste materials may contain substances such as plastics and wood which have significantly different thermal decomposition or gasification characteristics. Thermoplastics are generally thermoplastics of about 400 to 550 ° C., and thermosetting plastics generally of about 500 to 650 ° C. However, in the case of wood, depending on the type of wood,
Generally, after the thermal decomposition is completed at about 400 to 550 ° C., so-called charcoal mainly composed of carbon components remains. This charcoal has a gasification rate of about 1/10, which is extremely slow compared to plastics. Therefore, when gasification or combustion of mixed wastes having different characteristics is performed in a single step, the size of the device must be increased.

【０００５】２）空気による燃焼により廃熱を回収する
方法；燃焼排ガスの組成は通常Ｎ2 、ＣＯ2 が主成分で
あり、ガスの発熱量が非常に低いので燃料として使用で
きない。また、不完全燃焼によりすすやＮＯｘが副生
し、さらにダイオキシン類発生等の二次公害が問題とな
っている。特にプラスチック類の場合には、燃焼により
約１２００℃以上の高温になるために燃焼炉の壁面を損
傷しやすい。2) Method of recovering waste heat by combustion with air; The composition of combustion exhaust gas is usually N 2 and CO 2 as main components, and the calorific value of gas is extremely low, so that it cannot be used as fuel. Further, soot and NOx are by-produced due to incomplete combustion, and secondary pollution such as generation of dioxins becomes a problem. Particularly, in the case of plastics, the temperature of the combustion furnace becomes higher than about 1200 ° C., so that the wall surface of the combustion furnace is easily damaged.

【０００６】本発明は上記技術水準に鑑み、有機系廃棄
物のガス化に際し、未燃炭素分の残留しやすいプラスチ
ック類と木材とが混在する有機系廃棄物を使用した場合
でも、未燃炭素の残留を防止でき、燃料などに利用し得
るガス化ガスを得ることのできるガス化方法を提供しよ
うとするのである。In view of the above-mentioned state of the art, the present invention is a plastid which tends to remain unburned carbon content when gasifying organic waste.
To provide a gasification method capable of preventing unburned carbon from remaining and obtaining a gasified gas that can be used as a fuel, etc., even when an organic waste in which cooks and wood are mixed is used. Of.

【０００７】[0007]

【課題を解決するための手段】本発明は （１）有機系廃棄物を酸素含有ガス及び水蒸気により部
分酸化、ガス化する有機系廃棄物のガス化方法におい
て、プラスチック類と木材とが混在する有機系廃棄物を
ガス化炉に供給し、酸素含有ガス及び水蒸気を供給して
６００〜８００℃に加熱して有機物の一部をガス化して
可燃成分を含むガス化ガスを発生させ、ガス化の遅い有
機物と無機物とからなる残留物を回収する第一工程と、
前記残留物を第一燃焼炉に導き、酸素含有ガスを供給し
て４５０〜７００℃に加熱し、残留する有機物を完全燃
焼させて、未燃物やＮＯｘを含まない排ガスと無機質の
残渣を排出する第二工程よりなることを特徴とするプラ
スチック類と木材とが混在する有機系廃棄物のガス化方
法、 （２）前記（１）の第一工程及び第二工程に加えて、第
一工程で発生するガス化ガスを第二燃焼炉に導き、酸素
含有ガスを供給して前記ガス化ガス中の可燃成分の一部
をガス化および／または燃焼させ、タール分やすすを含
まないクリーンなガス化ガスを得る第三工程よりなるこ
とを特徴とするプラスチック類と木材とが混在する有機
系廃棄物のガス化方法、 （３）前記（１）の第一工程及び第二工程に加えて、第
一工程で発生するガス化ガスを第二燃焼炉に導き、酸素
含有ガスを供給して前記ガス化ガス中の可燃成分を燃焼
させ、熱エネルギを回収する第三工程よりなることを特
徴とするプラスチック類と木材とが混在する有機系廃棄
物のガス化方法、である。Means for Solving the Problems (1) In a method for gasifying an organic waste in which organic waste is partially oxidized and gasified by an oxygen-containing gas and steam, plastics and wood are mixed. The organic waste is supplied to the gasification furnace, the oxygen-containing gas and the steam are supplied, and the mixture is heated to 600 to 800 ° C. to gasify a part of the organic matter to generate a gasified gas containing a combustible component, and gasify it. A first step of recovering a residue consisting of a slow organic matter and an inorganic matter;
The residue is introduced into the first combustion furnace, an oxygen-containing gas is supplied and heated to 450 to 700 ° C., the remaining organic matter is completely burned, and unburned matter and NOx-free exhaust gas and inorganic residue are discharged. A plastic process characterized by comprising the second step
A method for gasifying organic waste in which sticks and wood are mixed , (2) In addition to the first step and the second step of (1), the gasification gas generated in the first step is used as a second combustion furnace. The third step of supplying an oxygen-containing gas to gasify and / or burn a part of combustible components in the gasification gas to obtain a clean gasification gas containing no tar or soot. (3) A gasification method for producing organic waste in which plastics and wood are mixed , characterized in that (3) the gasification gas generated in the first step is added to the first step and the second step of (1) above. An organic mixture of plastics and wood , characterized by comprising a third step of introducing a second combustion furnace, supplying an oxygen-containing gas to burn combustible components in the gasification gas, and recovering heat energy. The method of gasification of wastes.

【０００８】すなわち、本発明の方法は次の点を特徴と
するものである。 １）第一工程においてガス化剤として酸素含有ガス（空
気及び／または酸素）と水蒸気を使用し、比較的低温で
酸化反応と水性ガス化反応を併起させる。 ２）第二工程では、空気または酸素を使用し、主として
第一工程で残留する酸化やガス化の反応が遅い固形状の
炭素分を完全燃焼させる。 ３）第三工程では、第一工程で得られるガス化ガス中の
可燃成分の一部を燃焼させ、タールやすすを含まないク
リーンなガス化ガスを得るか、全部を燃焼させて熱エネ
ルギを回収する。That is, the method of the present invention is characterized by the following points. 1) In the first step, an oxygen-containing gas (air and / or oxygen) and steam are used as a gasifying agent, and an oxidation reaction and a water gasification reaction are caused to occur at a relatively low temperature. 2) In the second step, air or oxygen is used to mainly completely burn the solid carbon content remaining in the first step, which is slow in oxidation or gasification reaction. 3) In the third step, a part of the combustible components in the gasified gas obtained in the first step is burned to obtain a clean gasified gas that does not contain tar or soot, or the whole is burned to generate heat energy. to recover.

【０００９】[0009]

【作用】本発明のガス化方法においては次のような作用
がある。 １）部分酸化；従来は、酸化剤として燃焼に必要な理論
酸素量以上の過剰な空気（または酸素）を使用してガス
化している。この場合、空気中の酸素が有機物と反応し
て燃焼（酸化）する際に、燃焼速度が非常に速く、有機
物の表面がまず燃焼し、酸素が消費される。その後、有
機物表面への酸素の拡散による補給は、燃焼より拡散が
遅いために酸素補給が追いつかなくなり、その結果、有
機物の表面には窒素が残存し、部分的に酸素欠乏状態が
発生する。一方、燃焼により有機物の表面は高温状態に
なるが、酸素欠乏のために燃焼反応は起こらず、炭素物
質の縮合反応のみが加速され、その結果、すすが発生す
ることになる。このすすは、燃焼ガス中に塩素分が存在
すると反応して有害物質であるダイオキシン類副生の原
因となる。また、酸素欠乏状態はＮＯｘ発生の原因とも
なる。そこで、空気（または酸素）の供給量を抑制し、
６００〜８００℃を保持するために必要な量の酸素のみ
を供給し、いわゆる部分酸化反応により反応温度を一定
に保持することによりすすの副生やＮＯｘの発生を防止
する。The gasification method of the present invention has the following functions. 1) Partial oxidation: Conventionally, gasification is carried out using excess air (or oxygen) in excess of the theoretical oxygen amount required for combustion as an oxidant. In this case, when the oxygen in the air reacts with the organic matter and burns (oxidizes), the burning rate is very fast, and the surface of the organic matter burns first and oxygen is consumed. After that, the supplementation of oxygen to the surface of the organic matter by diffusion of oxygen is slower than the combustion, so that the supplementation of oxygen cannot catch up, and as a result, nitrogen remains on the surface of the organic matter and an oxygen-deficient state partially occurs. On the other hand, although the surface of the organic substance is heated to a high temperature by the combustion, the combustion reaction does not occur due to the lack of oxygen, and only the condensation reaction of the carbon material is accelerated, and as a result, soot is generated. This soot reacts with the presence of chlorine in the combustion gas and causes dioxins as a by-product which is a harmful substance. Further, the oxygen-deficient state also causes the generation of NOx. Therefore, suppress the supply of air (or oxygen),
By supplying only the amount of oxygen required to maintain the temperature of 600 to 800 ° C. and maintaining the reaction temperature constant by the so-called partial oxidation reaction, the generation of soot by-products and NOx are prevented.

【００１０】２）酸化反応と水性ガス化反応との併用；
酸化反応は発熱反応であるが、水性ガス化反応は吸熱反
応であるため、両者を併起させて穏やかな反応を進行さ
せることにより、酸化反応の暴走によるすすの副生やＮ
Ｏｘの発生を防止できる。2) Combined use of oxidation reaction and water gasification reaction;
Although the oxidation reaction is an exothermic reaction, the water gasification reaction is an endothermic reaction. Therefore, by causing both to coexist and promote a mild reaction, soot by-products and N 2 caused by runaway oxidation reaction are generated.
Generation of Ox can be prevented.

【化１】 酸化反応 Ｃ＋Ｏ2 → ＣＯ2 水性ガス化反応 Ｃ＋Ｈ2 Ｏ→ ＣＯ＋Ｈ2 Embedded image Oxidation reaction C + O 2 → CO 2 Water gasification reaction C + H 2 O → CO + H 2

【００１１】３）ガス化工程の分割；例えば、プラスチ
ック類と木材が混在する廃棄物の場合、プラスチック類
は一般に、熱可塑性のもので約４００〜５５０℃、熱硬
化性のもので約５００〜６５０℃で熱分解が終了する。
ガス化反応についても約７００℃位までに十分終了す
る。ところが、木材の場合には、木材の種類にもよるが
一般には約４００〜５５０℃で熱分解が終了した後に炭
素成分を主体とするいわゆる木炭が残存する。この木炭
はプラスチック類に比べてガス化速度が約１／１０程度
で非常に遅い。従ってこれらの混合物の場合には、まず
プラスチック類の熱分解領域で熱分解し、生成した分解
ガスをさらにガス化または燃焼させる。この時、酸素と
水蒸気を使用するとＨ2 、ＣＯを主成分とする可燃ガス
が生成する。この可燃ガスは化学原料やガスタービンな
どの燃料として有効利用できる。また、空気と水蒸気を
使用した場合、生成したガスを燃焼させて燃焼熱を水蒸
気などとして回収することができる。3) Division of gasification process; For example, in the case of waste containing plastics and wood mixed together, the plastics are generally thermoplastic at about 400 to 550 ° C., and thermosetting at about 500 to 500 ° C. The thermal decomposition ends at 650 ° C.
The gasification reaction is also completed by about 700 ° C. However, in the case of wood, so-called charcoal mainly composed of carbon components remains after the thermal decomposition is completed at about 400 to 550 ° C., depending on the kind of wood. Compared with plastics, this charcoal has a gasification rate of about 1/10, which is extremely slow. Therefore, in the case of these mixtures, they are first thermally decomposed in the thermal decomposition region of plastics, and the generated decomposition gas is further gasified or burned. At this time, if oxygen and water vapor are used, a combustible gas containing H 2 and CO as main components is generated. This combustible gas can be effectively used as a fuel for chemical raw materials and gas turbines. Further, when air and steam are used, the generated gas can be burned to recover the heat of combustion as steam or the like.

【００１２】一方木材も同様に約５００〜６５０℃に加
熱すると、木材の一部が熱分解してＨ2 、ＣＯ、Ｃ
Ｏ2 、酢酸及び低沸点の炭化水素ガス（ＣＨ4 ，Ｃ2 Ｈ
6 など）などが生成する。これらの生成ガスは、プラス
チック類の分解ガスと同様にガス化または燃焼させるこ
とができる。しかしながら木材の場合には、熱分解後に
炭素を主成分とする固体、すなわち木炭が残存する。こ
の木炭は炭素間の結合力が強く、ガス化または燃焼速度
はプラスチック類の場合の１／１０以下である。そのた
め、前記ガス化または燃焼工程の後、木炭をガス化また
は燃焼ガスと分離して、次の第二工程で空気により燃焼
させる。第一工程では、前記１）で述べたようにすすの
発生を抑制するために水蒸気が必要であるが、第二工程
では、木材のように炭化水素成分が完全に熱分解してほ
とんど炭素成分のみになる場合には、炭素の燃焼が目的
となるため、空気のみを供給する。できれば、高酸素濃
度の方が燃焼に好ましいため、酸素を混合してもよい。
第二工程は４５０〜７００℃の温度が好ましい。On the other hand, when wood is similarly heated to about 500 to 650 ° C., a part of the wood is thermally decomposed and H 2 , CO, C
O 2 , acetic acid and low-boiling hydrocarbon gas (CH 4 , C 2 H
6 etc.) is generated. These produced gases can be gasified or burned like the decomposition gases of plastics. However, in the case of wood, a solid containing carbon as a main component, that is, charcoal remains after pyrolysis. This charcoal has a strong bonding force between carbons, and its gasification or burning rate is 1/10 or less of that of plastics. Therefore, after the gasification or combustion step, the charcoal is separated from the gasification or combustion gas and burned with air in the next second step. In the first step, steam is required to suppress the generation of soot as described in 1) above, but in the second step, the hydrocarbon components are completely pyrolyzed like wood and almost no carbon components are contained. If it becomes only, the purpose is to burn carbon, so only air is supplied. If possible, high oxygen concentration is preferable for combustion, so oxygen may be mixed.
The temperature of 450-700 degreeC is preferable at the 2nd process.

【００１３】４）ガス化ガス燃焼工程；第三工程におい
て前記第一工程で発生するガス化ガス中の可燃成分の一
部（生成ガスに同伴されるタール分や未燃のすすなど）
を燃焼させ、タールやすすを含まないクリーンなガス化
ガスを得ることができる。また、第一工程で発生するガ
ス化ガスの全部を燃焼させて熱エネルギを回収するよう
にすることもできる。4) Gasification gas combustion step; Part of combustible components in the gasification gas generated in the first step in the third step (tar content entrained in the generated gas, unburned soot, etc.)
Can be burned to obtain a clean gasified gas containing no tar or soot. Further, it is also possible to burn all the gasified gas generated in the first step to recover the heat energy.

【００１４】以下、本発明の方法の実施態様を図１に基
づいて説明する。有機物を主体とする有機系廃棄物から
なる原料１が第一工程２のガス化炉に供給される。ガス
化炉に供給された原料を、空気、酸素または空気と酸素
との混合物などの酸素含有ガス３と水蒸気４とによりガ
ス化または燃焼させる。残留固体５は第二工程６の第一
燃焼炉に導びかれ、酸素含有ガス７（通常は空気、必要
により水蒸気を加えてもよい）により、さらに完全燃焼
させ可燃物を含まない無機物質のみの残渣９として排出
される。第一燃焼炉から排出される排ガス８はすすやＮ
Ｏｘを含まない排ガスである。一方、第一工程で生成す
る可燃成分を含むガス化ガス１０は第三工程１１の第二
燃焼炉に導びかれ、酸素含有ガス１２で燃焼またはガス
化させ、タール分やすすを除き、クリーンなガス化ガス
１３として排出され、化学原料や燃料として利用され
る。なお、第三工程において第一工程から送られるガス
化ガス中の可燃成分を全て燃焼させ、発生する熱を熱源
として蒸気を発生させるなどの方法によりエネルギの回
収を行うこともできる。An embodiment of the method of the present invention will be described below with reference to FIG. The raw material 1 consisting of organic waste mainly composed of organic matter is supplied to the gasification furnace of the first step 2. The raw material supplied to the gasification furnace is gasified or combusted with the oxygen-containing gas 3 such as air, oxygen or a mixture of air and oxygen and the steam 4. The residual solid 5 is introduced into the first combustion furnace of the second step 6 and is further completely combusted by the oxygen-containing gas 7 (usually air, and steam may be added if necessary), and only inorganic substances containing no combustible substance Is discharged as residue 9. The exhaust gas 8 discharged from the first combustion furnace is soot and N
It is an exhaust gas that does not contain Ox. On the other hand, the gasification gas 10 containing the combustible components generated in the first step is introduced into the second combustion furnace of the third step 11 and burned or gasified with the oxygen-containing gas 12 to remove the tar and soot, and clean. It is discharged as various gasified gas 13 and used as a chemical raw material or fuel. In the third step, energy can be recovered by a method of burning all combustible components in the gasified gas sent from the first step and generating steam using the generated heat as a heat source.

【００１５】すなわち、本発明の方法は第一工程におい
て数分〜２０分程度でガス化する有機物をガス化し、ガ
ス化または燃焼にさらに長時間を必要とする残留成分は
第二工程において燃焼処理するものである。両工程にお
ける反応の制御は、反応時間（滞留時間）及び供給する
酸素含有ガス中の酸素濃度などによって行う。本発明の
方法はＦＲＰ廃船などＧＦＲＰ（ガラス繊維強化プラス
チック）と木材が混在する有機系廃棄物やＣＦＲＰ（炭
素繊維強化プラスチック）など比較的ガス化の容易なプ
ラスチック成分とガス化反応の遅い炭素あるいは炭化水
素成分の混在する有機系廃棄物のガス化処理に好適であ
る。That is, in the method of the present invention, the organic matter which is gasified in the first step in about several minutes to 20 minutes is gasified, and the residual components which require a longer time for gasification or combustion are burned in the second step. To do. Control of the reaction in both steps is performed by the reaction time (residence time), the oxygen concentration in the oxygen-containing gas to be supplied, and the like. According to the method of the present invention, GFRP (glass fiber reinforced plastic), such as FRP abandoned ships, organic waste in which wood and wood are mixed, CFRP (carbon fiber reinforced plastic), a relatively easily gasified plastic component, and carbon having a slow gasification reaction Alternatively, it is suitable for gasification treatment of organic waste containing hydrocarbon components.

【００１６】[0016]

【実施例】以下実施例により本発明をさらに具体的に説
明する。 （実施例１）表１に示す仕様の装置を使用し、木材を含
むＧＦＲＰ（ガラス繊維強化プラスチック）廃棄物のガ
ス化処理を行った。原料のＧＦＲＰ廃棄物（木材含有率
約３５重量％）の供給量は１００ｇ／ｈｒとし、その他
の運転条件は表２のとおりとした。その結果は表３に示
すとおりで第二工程の第一燃焼炉からは有機物が完全に
ガス化して白色のガラス繊維のみからなる残渣と未燃焼
のすす等を含まない排ガスが排出された。また、第三工
程の第二燃焼炉からはすすやタールを含まないクリーン
なガス化ガスが得られた。The present invention will be described in more detail with reference to the following examples. (Example 1) Using a device having specifications shown in Table 1, GFRP (glass fiber reinforced plastic) waste containing wood was gasified. The supply amount of GFRP waste (wood content: about 35% by weight) as a raw material was 100 g / hr, and other operating conditions were as shown in Table 2. The results are shown in Table 3, and organic matter was completely gasified from the first combustion furnace in the second step, and a residue consisting of only white glass fibers and an unburned exhaust gas containing no soot were discharged. In addition, clean gasified gas containing no soot or tar was obtained from the second combustion furnace in the third step.

【００１７】[0017]

【表１】 [Table 1]

【００１８】[0018]

【表２】 [Table 2]

【００１９】[0019]

【表３】 [Table 3]

【００２０】（実施例２）実施例１と同じ装置を使用
し、同じＧＦＲＰ廃棄物を同じ量で供給し、酸素の代わ
りに空気を使用して表４に示す運転条件でガス化を行
い、第二燃焼炉では可燃成分の全てを燃焼させた。運転
結果は表５のとおりで、高品質のガスは得られなかった
が、第一燃焼炉から排出される残渣は白色のガラス繊維
で、未反応炭素は残存せず、排ガス中にも未燃焼のすす
等は含まれていなかった。第二燃焼炉からも不完全燃焼
によるすすの発生はなかった。(Example 2) The same apparatus as in Example 1 was used, the same amount of GFRP waste was supplied in the same amount, and air was used instead of oxygen to carry out gasification under the operating conditions shown in Table 4, In the second combustion furnace, all combustible components were burned. The operation results are shown in Table 5, and no high-quality gas was obtained, but the residue discharged from the first combustion furnace was white glass fiber, no unreacted carbon remained, and there was no combustion in the exhaust gas. Soot and so on were not included. No soot was generated in the second combustion furnace due to incomplete combustion.

【００２１】[0021]

【表４】 [Table 4]

【００２２】[0022]

【表５】 [Table 5]

【００２３】[0023]

【発明の効果】本発明のガス化方法によれば、木材など
のガス化反応速度の遅い成分を含む有機系廃棄物をガス
化するに当たり、先ず部分酸化により有機成分の大部分
をガス化してＨ2 及びＣＯなどの可燃成分を含むガス化
ガスを発生させ、残存するガス化しにくい成分は別工程
において完全燃焼させて処理するようにしているので、
装置を大型化することなく、効率のよいガス化処理が可
能である。得られた可燃成分を含むガス化ガスは、第三
工程において全量を燃焼させて熱回収を行うことができ
る。また、同伴するタール分やすすなどの固形成分のみ
を燃焼またはガス化させることにより他工程において化
学原料や燃料として利用可能なクリーンなガス化ガスを
得ることができる。According to the gasification method of the present invention, when gasifying an organic waste containing a component having a slow gasification reaction rate, such as wood, first, most of the organic components are gasified by partial oxidation. A gasified gas containing combustible components such as H 2 and CO is generated, and the remaining components that are difficult to gasify are completely burned in a separate process for treatment.
Efficient gasification treatment is possible without increasing the size of the device. The obtained gasified gas containing combustible components can be burned in the third step to recover heat. In addition, by burning or gasifying only solid components such as tar and soot entrained, a clean gasified gas that can be used as a chemical raw material or a fuel in another process can be obtained.

【図面の簡単な説明】[Brief description of drawings]

【図１】本発明のガス化方法の概要を示す概略フロー
図。FIG. 1 is a schematic flow chart showing an outline of a gasification method of the present invention.

───────────────────────────────────────────────────── フロントページの続き (56)参考文献 特開 平６−271307（ＪＰ，Ａ) 特開 平４−113102（ＪＰ，Ａ) 特開 平４−367502（ＪＰ，Ａ) 特開 昭54−141071（ＪＰ，Ａ) 特開 平６−109221（ＪＰ，Ａ) 特開 平６−9967（ＪＰ，Ａ) 特開 平４−243589（ＪＰ，Ａ) (58)調査した分野(Int.Cl.7，ＤＢ名) C10J 3/00 B09B 3/00 ─────────────────────────────────────────────────── --- Continuation of front page (56) References JP-A-6-271307 (JP, A) JP-A-4-113102 (JP, A) JP-A-4-367502 (JP, A) JP-A-54- 141071 (JP, A) JP-A-6-109221 (JP, A) JP-A-6-9967 (JP, A) JP-A-4-243589 (JP, A) (58) Fields investigated (Int.Cl. 7 , DB name) C10J 3/00 B09B 3/00

Claims (3)

(57)【特許請求の範囲】(57) [Claims] 【請求項１】 有機系廃棄物を酸素含有ガス及び水蒸気
により部分酸化、ガス化する有機系廃棄物のガス化方法
において、プラスチック類と木材とが混在する有機系廃
棄物をガス化炉に供給し、酸素含有ガス及び水蒸気を供
給して６００〜８００℃に加熱して有機物の一部をガス
化して可燃成分を含むガス化ガスを発生させ、ガス化の
遅い有機物と無機物とからなる残留物を回収する第一工
程と、前記残留物を第一燃焼炉に導き、酸素含有ガスを
供給して４５０〜７００℃に加熱し、残留する有機物を
完全燃焼させて、未燃物やＮＯｘを含まない排ガスと無
機質の残渣を排出する第二工程よりなることを特徴とす
るプラスチック類と木材とが混在する有機系廃棄物のガ
ス化方法。1. A method for gasifying an organic waste by partially oxidizing and gasifying the organic waste with an oxygen-containing gas and steam, wherein the organic waste containing a mixture of plastics and wood is supplied to a gasification furnace. Then, an oxygen-containing gas and water vapor are supplied and heated to 600 to 800 ° C. to gasify a part of the organic matter to generate a gasified gas containing a combustible component, and a residue consisting of an organic matter and an inorganic matter that are slow to gasify. And a first step of recovering the residual substance into a first combustion furnace, supplying an oxygen-containing gas and heating it to 450 to 700 ° C. to completely burn the remaining organic substances, thereby containing unburned substances and NOx. A method for gasifying organic waste containing a mixture of plastics and wood , characterized by comprising a second step of discharging no exhaust gas and inorganic residue. 【請求項２】 請求項１の第一工程及び第二工程に加え
て、第一工程で発生するガス化ガスを第二燃焼炉に導
き、酸素含有ガスを供給して前記ガス化ガス中の可燃成
分の一部をガス化および／または燃焼させ、タール分や
すすを含まないクリーンなガス化ガスを得る第三工程よ
りなることを特徴とするプラスチック類と木材とが混在
する有機系廃棄物のガス化方法。2. In addition to the first step and the second step of claim 1, the gasification gas generated in the first step is introduced into a second combustion furnace, and an oxygen-containing gas is supplied to the gasification gas in the gasification gas. Mixed plastics and wood characterized by the third step of gasifying and / or burning a part of combustible components to obtain a clean gasified gas containing no tar or soot
Gasification method for organic waste. 【請求項３】 請求項１の第一工程及び第二工程に加え
て、第一工程で発生するガス化ガスを第二燃焼炉に導
き、酸素含有ガスを供給して前記ガス化ガス中の可燃成
分を燃焼させ、熱エネルギを回収する第三工程よりなる
ことを特徴とするプラスチック類と木材とが混在する有
機系廃棄物のガス化方法。3. In addition to the first step and the second step of claim 1, the gasification gas generated in the first step is introduced into a second combustion furnace, and an oxygen-containing gas is supplied to supply the gasification gas in the gasification gas. A method for gasifying organic waste containing mixed plastics and wood, comprising a third step of burning combustible components to recover heat energy.
JP28654594A 1994-11-21 1994-11-21 Gasification method of organic waste Expired - Fee Related JP3396313B2 (en)

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JP3396313B2 true JP3396313B2 (en) 2003-04-14

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