JP3380795B2 - Rock bed exploration method - Google Patents

Description

Detailed Description of the Invention

[0001]

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention The present invention relates to a rock mass exploration method for predicting the geology of a drilling section using data of a hydraulic system during drilling by a hydraulic rock drill.

[0002]

2. Description of the Related Art When excavating an underground cavern such as a tunnel, it is extremely important from the viewpoint of excavation to investigate the property of rock mass (geology of the ground) in front of the face or around the cavern. Conventionally, the rock exploration method is divided into a direct exploration method using boring and an indirect exploration method using physical exploration technology. But,
When these methods are used, there are problems such as the impact on cost and construction period, accuracy problems in the indirect exploration method, etc., and it is possible to accurately perform rock mass exploration at lower cost. A method was sought.

Therefore, a hydraulic rock drilling machine such as a hydraulic percussion drill is used for drilling (drilling) in front of the face or around the cavity, and at that time, various data relating to drilling of the hydraulic rock drill are measured. A method of predicting geology from measured data has been proposed. For example, in Japanese Unexamined Patent Publication No. 4-161588, a drilling data file of cumulative drilling time, instantaneous drilling speed, piston impact energy, advancing force, torque, and water pressure is created and processed to process the unit drill length. Calculate the average fracture energy per hit (energy required to destroy the rock mass during drilling), associate the rock mass grade with the fracture energy by a stochastic / statistical method, and perform rock mass evaluation by the fracture energy, Further, there is disclosed a method of predicting the geology ahead of the face by grasping the distribution state of the fracture energy by image processing. In addition, when determining the breaking energy, the number of times of piston impact, the cross-sectional area of drilling, etc. are further required.

Further, Japanese Laid-Open Patent Publication No. 9-317372 discloses a hydraulic type rock drilling machine having a damping function of receiving and absorbing a reaction force of impact from the bedrock upon impacting the bedrock. The hydraulic pressure (damping pressure) data of various hydraulic cylinder devices that operate the rock drilling machine and the hydraulic cylinder device that receives and absorbs the impact reaction force is collected and processed on the personal computer via the hydraulic sensor, and especially the damping pressure data of the rock mass is collected. A rock exploration method for predicting the geology of a drilling section according to the property is disclosed. Furthermore, JP-A-200
Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 0-038889 discloses a rock drilling machine without a damping function, that is, a hydraulic rock drilling machine that does not have a hydraulic cylinder device that receives an impact reaction force and cannot measure an impact reaction force (damping pressure) from the hydraulic cylinder device. Also disclosed is a medium pressure detecting device capable of measuring a damping pressure, that is, a reaction force during perforation (perforation reaction force). In addition, the medium pressure detection device measures the medium pressure (hydraulic pressure) of the cylinder device even in a hydraulic rock drill without a damping function by detachably attaching a cylinder device that receives a drilling reaction force to the hydraulic rock drill. This makes it possible to measure the punching reaction force.

[0005]

By the way, in the method of predicting the geology from the above-mentioned fracture energy, the cumulative excavation time, instantaneous drilling speed, piston impact energy, feed force, torque, It requires a lot of measurement data such as water pressure, cross-sectional area of drilling, and number of piston hits. Further, it is considered that a lot of processing is required even after the fracture energy is calculated, and a lot of drilling is required to obtain the distribution of the fracture energy. For these reasons, the process of predicting the geology becomes complicated and the cost may increase. Furthermore, there may be some error in the prediction depending on the difference in various conditions during drilling. Also, in the method of obtaining the drilling reaction force, considering the differences in the conditions of rock mass and the conditions at the time of drilling,
It seems that there is a limit to the prediction of geology by drilling reaction force alone.

[0006] An object of the present invention is to provide a bedrock exploration method capable of easily and reliably predicting geology mainly from measurement data of a hydraulic system during drilling of a hydraulic rock drilling machine.

[0007]

The rock mass exploration method according to claim 1 of the present invention is required for drilling rock mass per unit volume when the rock mass to be explored is drilled by a hydraulic rock drilling machine. A rock bed exploration method for calculating the drilling energy indicating the amount of energy corresponding to the drilling distance and predicting the geological properties based on the drilling energy, which corresponds to the drilling time when drilling by a hydraulic rock drill Drilling distance, the hole cross-sectional area of the drilled hole, the hydraulic pressure as a striking pressure in the hydraulic cylinder device that gives a striking during drilling, the pressure receiving area of the hydraulic cylinder device, and the piston stroke of the hydraulic cylinder device, The impact area is calculated from the pressure receiving area, the piston stroke, and the impact pressure, and the number of impacts per unit time is calculated from the impact pressure. It calculates the drilling rate by dividing the reduction amount in a time, and calculates the perforation energy from said striking energy and the hit number said a perforation rate and the Anadan area.

According to the above construction, the number of impacts per unit time is calculated from the impact pressure, and after the impact energy is calculated from the pressure receiving area, the piston stroke, and the impact pressure, the number of impacts and the impact are calculated. The punching energy can be calculated from the impact energy, the punching speed, and the hole cross-sectional area. That is, the pressure receiving area and the piston stroke are obtained in advance from the hydraulic cylinder device that gives the hole cross-sectional area and the impact, and the impact pressure and the perforation speed are determined at the time of drilling to determine the number of impacts and the perforation energy. It can be obtained, and the process is easier than the conventional case of obtaining the breakdown energy.

Further, if the drilling energy is used directly as a judgment material for geological prediction, it is not necessary to obtain the distribution of drilling energy by image processing, and for example, it is sufficient to output a simple graph or the like. The processing can be facilitated. The drilling energy is the energy required to drill the rock mass per unit volume, and the harder the rock mass is, the more energy it takes to drill the rock mass. Therefore, the drilling energy value has a feature of showing a large value. Therefore,
By looking at the value of the drilling energy and the amount of change corresponding to the drilling distance, it becomes possible to predict the geological condition and the geological change.

In the same rock type, the drilling energy basically does not change so much in the portion where the change in hardness and softness is not clear, but, for example, in the portion where there are many cracks and hard gravel, the drilling energy is small. Therefore, for example, by determining the standard deviation of the drilling energy for each predetermined section, it is possible to determine whether the standard deviation is high or low and has many cracks and hard gravel, or not. You can

A rock mass exploration method according to claim 2 of the present invention comprises:
At the time of the boring, the feed pressure for pressing the bit of the hydraulic rock drilling machine to the rock is made substantially constant during the boring.

According to the above construction, even when boring geological features having the same properties, it is possible to prevent the boring energy from changing by changing the feed pressure, and it is possible to more accurately predict the geology. In other words, it is generally said that the relationship between the drilling speed and the thrust (feed pressure) is that the drilling speed increases non-linearly as the thrust is increased, and drilling the same rock species at different feed pressures changes the drilling speed. As a result, the punching energy obtained from the striking energy and the punching speed also changes. Therefore, by keeping the feed pressure constant during drilling, changes in drilling energy mainly correspond to changes in the geological properties of the drilled holes.

In other words, when drilling is performed without making the feed pressure constant, it is necessary to consider the feed pressure when predicting the geology from the drilling energy. Further, in the case of performing a plurality of perforations and comparing the perforation energies of the respective perforations, it is preferable to make the feed pressure substantially the same when performing all the perforations. Without consideration, it is possible to directly compare the drilling energy values to determine the difference in geological properties. Moreover, when not only predicting changes in geological properties from changes in drilling energy, but also predicting geological properties directly from drilling energy values, to a certain extent, drilling energy and geological properties, such as rock grade, etc. Although it is necessary to accumulate data indicating the correspondence of No. 1, in this case as well, it is preferable that the feed pressure at the time of perforation for obtaining the perforation energy is constant.

The rock mass exploration method according to claim 3 of the present invention comprises:
When comparing the drilling energies, when the feed pressure for pressing the bit of the hydraulic rock drill at the time of drilling when calculating the drilling energy to be compared is different feed pressure and the drilling speed Is calculated and at least one of the perforation energies to be compared is calculated, the perforation energy is calculated by correcting the perforation speed from the relationship between the feed pressure and the perforation speed.

According to the above construction, the perforation speed, which changes depending on the change in the feed pressure, is corrected based on the relationship between the feed pressure and the perforation speed to obtain the perforation energy. When comparing the obtained drilling energies with each other, it is possible to eliminate the difference in the drilling energy due to the difference in the feed pressure to some extent, and determine the difference in the geological properties from the difference in the drilling energy. Further, if there is already obtained data on the relationship between the drilling energy and the geological properties, by correcting the drilling speed and recalculating the drilling energy so as to correspond to the predetermined feed pressure, it is possible to improve the accuracy. It is possible to predict high geological properties.

A rock mass exploration method according to claim 4 of the present invention comprises:
The drilling reaction force transmitted from the rock mass to the hydraulic rock drilling machine during the drilling is obtained, and the property of the rock mass is predicted from the drilling speed, the drilling energy, and the drilling reaction force.

According to the above construction, the drilling energy alone is
Compared with the case of predicting the geological properties, it is possible to determine the geological properties in multiple ways, and due to various errors and differences in various conditions, among the drilling speed, the drilling energy and the drilling reaction force. Even if one of the values does not necessarily correspond to the geological property, it is possible to prevent the misjudgment of the geological property from being compared with other values. That is, the geological properties can be predicted more reliably. Note that the drilling speed is required when calculating the drilling energy as described above, but the value of the drilling speed is, for example, slow in a strong formation and fast in a weak formation,
The faster the velocity, the weaker the stratum. Therefore, it is possible to predict the geological properties from the drilling speed. The boring reaction force (damping pressure) is used to predict the geological properties, as described in the conventional example.

The rock mass is broken by the rock drilling machine by transmitting the impact energy applied to the shank rod by the piston inside the rock drilling machine to the rock mass through the sleeve, the rod and the bit. Then, part of the energy applied to the bedrock at this time is transmitted to the rock drilling machine as an impact reaction force. Then, the hydraulic cylinder device for giving a hit basically gives a hit with a predetermined hit energy and with a predetermined number of hits per time. That is, since the impact energy is basically constant (impact energy per impact), the harder the rock to be drilled, the smaller the energy used for breaking the rock per impact, and the impact energy. The impact reaction force corresponding to the surplus energy of becomes large. On the contrary, the weak rock has a smaller impact reaction force. Therefore, it is possible to predict the geological properties from the impact reaction force.

The drilling reaction force is obtained by, for example, a hydraulic pressure sensor or a medium pressure detecting device provided in the hydraulic system of the hydraulic cylinder device for the damping function described in the conventional example. A hydraulic pressure (damping pressure) is obtained by combining both the impact reaction force with respect to the impact force applied to the bedrock and the thrust (feed pressure) reaction force for pressing the bit against the bedrock. Therefore, the punching reaction force is a combination of the impact reaction force and the reaction force against the thrust. If only the striking reaction force is required, this may be used as the punching reaction force.

Further, since the reaction force corresponding to the feed pressure is included in the perforation reaction force as described above, the perforation reaction force also changes according to the change in the feed pressure. Therefore, it is preferable to keep the feed pressure constant during perforation. . Further, since the perforation speed also changes according to the feed pressure as described above, it is preferable to keep the feed pressure constant during perforation. Since the drilling speed and the drilling reaction force are obtained from the data measured at the same time as the measurement of the data for calculating the drilling energy or the same data, if the feed pressure is constant during drilling for calculating the drilling energy. Also, the feed pressure becomes constant when the perforation speed and the perforation reaction force are obtained.

Basically, the relationship between the drilling energy per unit drilling volume, the drilling speed, and the drilling reaction force is as described above. Slow down. Then, in the fragile ground, the drilling energy and the drilling reaction force are reduced, and the drilling speed is increased. The perforation speed is the amount of change in the perforation distance per unit time and can be obtained from the perforation distance. As a method for determining the perforation distance, for example, a feed pressure is applied to a master cylinder arranged on a jumbo truck. A method of calculating the perforation distance by synchronizing the movement of a feed cylinder, which is a hydraulic cylinder device, for detecting the movement distance with a rotary encoder may be used. Further, in a hydraulic cylinder device that applies feed pressure, the amount of expansion and contraction of the hydraulic cylinder may be obtained by measuring the amount of oil that flows in and out, and the feed amount, that is, the perforation distance may be obtained from the amount of expansion and contraction. If the drilling speed is obtained from the oil amount as described above, the measurement data that changes during drilling is basically only the data obtained from the hydraulic system, and the measurement device and measurement method should be simplified. You can

The rock mass exploration method according to claim 5 of the present invention comprises:
The rotational pressure applied to rotate the bit of the hydraulic rock drill at the time of drilling is measured, and the grain of the drilled hole is sampled from the mouth of the drilled hole, and the properties of the chestnut are checked visually. It is characterized in that the amount of spring water is measured, and the property of rock mass is predicted from the drilling speed, the drilling energy, the drilling reaction force, the properties of boll powder and the amount of spring water.

According to the above construction, the rotation pressure tends to increase in the ground with a lot of clay, the drilling speed increases, and the rotation pressure increases at the position where the damping pressure and the drilling energy decrease. If there is a place, it can be predicted that it is a rock containing a large amount of clay, and by predicting the geological properties together with the above-mentioned drilling energy per unit drilling volume, drilling reaction force and drilling speed, more reliable You can make accurate predictions. Further, the increase in the rotation pressure also serves as a criterion for estimating the hole bending, and can be used for correcting the drilling speed, the damping pressure, or the drilling energy depending on the degree. Further, by visually observing the properties of the chestnut powder, it is possible to determine to some extent the type of rock or the like that constitutes the bedrock, and it is possible to reliably predict the geological properties. Further, by measuring the amount of spring water flowing out from the mouth, it is possible to estimate the amount of spring water staying in the drilled ground. Further, if a state in which the drilling energy becomes high at a position where the amount of spring water is large, it is expected that a hard impermeable layer that traps water is present.

The rotation pressure is obtained by measuring the oil pressure in a hydraulic system for applying the rotation pressure to the bit. Further, in measuring the amount of spring water from the hole mouth, the amount of spring water is obtained by subtracting the amount of drilling water sent during drilling from the amount of water flowing out from the hole mouth. Further, the measurement of the amount of spring water may be performed by visual observation, for example, the amount of water flowing out from the hole mouth is about drilling water, or slightly more than that,
It is also possible that the amount of spring water is considerably large, or conversely, the amount of drilling water dissipated is less than that of drilling water.

[0025]

BEST MODE FOR CARRYING OUT THE INVENTION A rock mass exploration method according to an embodiment of the present invention will be described below with reference to the drawings. Here, before describing the rock mass exploration method, a drill jumbo 1, a measurement system 10, and an analysis system 30 as devices used in the rock mass exploration method of this example will be described with reference to FIGS. 1 to 3. In the rock mass exploration method of this example, as shown in FIG. 1, for example, a drill jumbo (for example, a drill jumbo used for drilling a blasting dynamite installation hole for a face and a rock bolt driving hole for a tunnel side wall (for example, , A hydraulic rock drill 2 such as a hydraulic percussion drill mounted on a jumbo wheel 1) that is self-propelled by wheels.

The jumbo wheel 1 includes a carriage 3 and a carriage 3.
A boom 4 attached to the front part of the vehicle, a guide shell 5 attached to the tip of the boom 4, and a hydraulic rock drill 2 that moves back and forth on the guide shell 5. And
In this example, as shown in FIG. 2, when the jumbo wheel 1 is drilled by using the hydraulic rock drill 2, various hydraulic pressures and oil amounts, which will be described later, and the amount of oil for determining the drilling distance are set. A measurement system 10 that performs integration and the like is installed.
An analysis system 30 that analyzes the data measured by the measurement system 10 is installed in a field office or the like, for example, as shown in FIG.

Here, the boom 4 supports the guide shell 5 and moves and rotates the guide shell 5 to dispose the bit of the hydraulic rock drill 2 in front of the guide shell 5 at a predetermined drilling position. Then, the guide shell 5 guides the forward and backward movements of the hydraulic rock drill 2 in a predetermined direction. The hydraulic rock drill 2 is well known and includes a shank rod (not shown), a rod attached to the shank rod via a sleeve, and a bit attached to the tip of the rod. Although not shown in the drawings, the hydraulic rock drill 2 includes a hydraulic system for striking, which includes a hydraulic cylinder device for striking a piston to collide with the shank rod to apply a striking force to the bit, and a rock mass from the bedrock during drilling. It is provided with a damping hydraulic system having a hydraulic cylinder device for receiving and absorbing a boring reaction force applied to the rock drilling machine, and a rotating hydraulic system for rotating the bit. Further, the hydraulic rock drill 2 is arranged in the guide shell 5 and is a feed hydraulic cylinder device (feed cylinder 6 (illustrated as a block in FIG. 2) for advancing and retracting the hydraulic rock drill 2 itself. ) Is equipped with a hydraulic system for feed.

As shown in FIGS. 1 and 2, the measuring system 10 includes a data recorder 12 arranged in a device box 11 installed on the roof of the wheel jumbo 1, an integrating flow meter 13, and a hydraulic pressure. And a sensor box 14. The measurement system 10 also includes an oil meter 16 arranged in an oil meter box 15 provided near the base end of the boom 4 of the wheel jumbo 1, and a pressure switch 17. In addition, the measurement system 10
The measurement signal switch 19, the stroke indicator 20, and the reset switch 2 are provided in the operation room 18 of the wheel jumbo 1.
1 and 1. Further, the measurement system 10 is configured to be supplied with electric power from a power source 22 provided at the rear portion of the wheel jumbo 1 via wiring. The device box 14 is provided with a power switch 23 for turning on / off the power supply to the measurement system 10.

As shown in FIG. 2, the oil pressure sensor box 14 detects the oil pressure in the oil pressure system for damping as a damping pressure indicating the reaction force for punching, and the oil pressure in the oil pressure system for feed. An oil pressure sensor 25 for detecting the feed pressure, an oil pressure sensor 26 for detecting the oil pressure of the rotation hydraulic system as the rotation pressure, and an oil pressure sensor 27 for detecting the oil pressure in the impact hydraulic system as the impact pressure are provided.

The hydraulic pressure sensors 24 to 27 are connected to the hydraulic pipes 28 of the hydraulic rock drill 2 described above.
Is connected to each hydraulic system, and the hydraulic pressure during operation of each hydraulic system can be automatically measured. The feed hydraulic system is located outside the hydraulic rock drill 2 on the side of the guide shell 5. The signal lines from the respective hydraulic pressure sensors 24 to 27 are connected to the data recorder 12 via the terminal block 29, and the signals indicative of the hydraulic pressure from the hydraulic pressure sensors 24 to 27 correspond to the passage of time. It is supposed to be saved in 12. That is, the data recorder 12 stores the feed pressure, the impact pressure, the rotation pressure, and the damping pressure indicating the punching reaction force. In addition, the measurement of the drilling reaction force is not made by the hydraulic system for damping of the hydraulic rock drill 2,
A medium pressure detection device such as that disclosed in Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 2000-038889 may be used.

Further, in this example, JP-A-11-1076 is used.
The perforation distance is measured by a method substantially similar to the known perforation distance measurement method shown in 71. That is, the perforation distance is measured from the amount of oil flowing in and out of the feed cylinder. Then, the integrated flow meter 13 in the device box, the oil meter 16 and the pressure switch 17 in the oil meter box 15, the stroke indicator 20 in the jumbo operation chamber 18, and the reset switch 2
1 is a system for measuring the drilling distance corresponding to the passage of time from the amount of oil flowing in and out of the feed cylinder 6.

The oil amount meter 16 is a measuring device capable of bidirectionally measuring the flow rate of hydraulic oil as a pressure transmission medium flowing in the hydraulic line, and in this embodiment, for example, a turbine flow meter is used. Further, it has two kinds of signals that can be discriminated between the forward flow and the reverse flow, and outputs a pulse signal to the integrated flow meter 13 every time the gear inside the turbine flow meter makes a constant rotation. Further, the oil amount meter 16 is connected to a hydraulic system that causes hydraulic oil to flow in and out of the feed cylinder 6.

The integrating flow meter 13 is a CPU (Central Pros
essing unit), RAM (Ramdom Access Memory), R
It consists of an OM (Read Only Memory), an input / output interface, and the like. The integrated flow meter 13 calculates the change in the amount of oil in the feed cylinder during forward and backward movements by integrating the conversion factors corresponding to the two types of pulse signals output from the oil amount meter 16, and determines the change in the amount of oil and the inside diameter of the feed cylinder. The expansion / contraction length of the feed cylinder is calculated, and the perforation distance is calculated from the expansion / contraction length.

The pressure switch 17 is a hydraulic pressure sensor for measuring the hydraulic pressure on the front chamber side of the feed cylinder 6, and a reset signal to the integrating flow meter when the output value from the hydraulic pressure sensor becomes larger than a preset value. It consists of an output switch. Then, the pressure switch 17 is configured to, for example, when the piston reciprocates by one stroke in the feed cylinder 6, tries to further send hydraulic oil to the front chamber side in a state where the piston is most retracted. The fact that the pressure on the anterior chamber side of 6 becomes high is utilized to detect that the feed cylinder 6 has reciprocated by one stroke and output a reset signal.

That is, there is an error in the oil amount measured by the oil meter 16 when the foot cylinder 6 moves forward and the oil amount measured when the foot cylinder 6 moves backward, and the feed cylinder 6 moves forward by one stroke. When the amount of movement of the piston when retracted does not become 0, this is set to 0 by the reset signal.

The stroke indicator 20 in the jumbo operation chamber 18 displays the operating state of the feed cylinder 6 measured from the oil amount. The reset switch 21 is for manually outputting the reset signal. Then, in the integrated flow meter 13, the perforation distance during one stroke of the feed cylinder 6 is output to the data recorder 12. Since long-distance drilling is performed by repeatedly expanding and contracting the feed cylinder 6, the drilling distance is a multiple of the stroke distance of the feed cylinder 6, and the expansion and contraction amount of the feed cylinder 6 measured by the amount of oil in the stroke. It is the sum of the drilling distances corresponding to.

The expansion / contraction amount of the feed cylinder 6 calculated by the integrated flow meter 13 is output to the stroke indicator to display the expansion / contraction amount of the feed cylinder 6 obtained as described above. Then, the perforation distance calculated by the integrated flow meter 13 is stored in the data recorder 12 according to the passage of time. Further, the measurement signal switch 19 in the jumbo operation room 18 is used to start and stop the measurement, etc.
It is for instructing the second grade.

Here, the various hydraulic pressure sensors 24 to 27 described above.
Alternatively, the data measured by the oil meter 16 and the integrated flow meter 13 will be briefly described. Feed pressure is the pressure that presses the bit of a hydraulic rock drill against the bedrock. In this example, the feed cylinder is controlled so that the feed pressure is always substantially constant during rock exploration. The striking pressure is a pressure applied when the piston collides with the shank rod, and is used for calculating striking energy described later.
The rotation pressure is the pressure applied to rotate the bit,
It is used as a parameter for the prediction of geological properties. The damping pressure indicates the reaction force transmitted from the rock mass to the rock drilling machine during drilling, and is used as a parameter for predicting geological properties. The piercing distance indicates the piercing distance, and the piercing speed is calculated by dividing this variation amount by time.

The data stored in the data recorder 12 will be analyzed by the analysis system 30, but any data transfer may be performed at this time. That is, the data recorder 13
In addition, a storage medium such as a flexible disk or other storage medium using magnetism or light, a storage medium using a semiconductor memory, and a drive device for the storage medium are provided, and data is transferred by passing the storage medium. You may hand over.

The measurement system 10 and the analysis system 30 may be connected by wire or wirelessly to transfer data. For example, various mobile phones may be used to transfer data via a public line. Alternatively, the data may be transferred via the Internet when a public line is used.

The analysis system 30, as shown in FIG.
It is basically a general-purpose computer system such as a personal computer, and includes a computer main body 31 having an arithmetic processing unit, an auxiliary storage device, etc., a display 32, a printer 33 and the like. Then, the analysis system 30 obtains the drilling energy, the drilling speed, etc. from the measurement data and other data described later. Further, the measurement data is stored in correspondence with the passage of time, but the measurement data and the calculated data are associated with the drilling distance based on the data of the drilling distance stored corresponding to the passage of time. It is designed to be output as data. When the present invention is applied to excavation of a tunnel, the drilling distance may be converted into a tunnel distance (TD) to indicate the position in the tunnel and output.

The analysis system 30 calculates, for example, the amount of change per unit time of the perforation distance stored as time passes, as the perforation speed. In addition, the analysis system 30 uses the impact pressure obtained by the measurement system 10 described above, the perforation speed obtained as described above, and the impact in the hydraulic cylinder device for impact per unit time calculated from the impact pressure. Number, the diameter of the bit or the hole cross-sectional area of the drilling obtained by measurement at the drilling site, the known piston stroke length of the hydraulic cylinder device for striking, and the piston pressure receiving area of the known hydraulic cylinder device for striking. The perforation energy per unit perforation volume is calculated as described below.

To calculate the perforation energy per unit perforation volume, first, the impact energy is obtained using the following equation (1). That is, the striking pressure Pp obtained by the measurement is multiplied by the piston pressure receiving area A and the piston stroke L to obtain the striking energy Ep.

[Equation 1]

Next, based on the following equation (2), the impact energy Pp determined as described above, the number of impacts Cp per unit time, and the drilling speed Vd determined as described above.
And the hole cross-sectional area S, the drilling energy is obtained.

[Equation 2] That is, the perforation energy Ed is obtained by dividing the value obtained by multiplying the percussion energy Ep by the percussion number Cp by the value obtained by multiplying the perforation velocity Vd by the perforation cross sectional area S. Here, since the number of hits Cp changes depending on the hitting pressure Pp, it is calculated from the relational expression of the hitting pressure Pp and the number of hits Cp which is obtained in advance as shown in FIG. In the graph, the Y axis represents the number of hits per unit time, the X axis represents the hitting pressure, and in the formula, Y represents the number of hits and X represents the hitting pressure. Further, as a method of obtaining each data of the number of hits per unit time used in FIG. 4, as shown in FIG. 5, a hit in a hydraulic cylinder device that gives a hit at the time of drilling with a high sampling frequency of about 200 Hz, for example. There is a method of measuring the pressure and obtaining it from the pulsation cycle.

Actually, not all the impact energy is used for perforation, but there is a loss, and the perforation energy E is obtained by multiplying the value calculated as described above by the loss coefficient K.
d. The loss coefficient K is obtained experimentally, for example. In addition, the loss coefficient K does not necessarily have to be used when predicting a change in rock property from a change in drilling energy during drilling.

Further, in the analysis system 30, for example, when the feed pressure is changed for some reason during perforation or when a plurality of perforations are performed, the perforations having different feed pressures among the plurality of perforations. In such a case, the drilling energy is corrected. In this case, for example, in the same rock type portion of the face face, multiple feed holes are formed by changing the feed pressure, the relationship between the feed pressure and the bore hole is calculated, and the drilling speed is corrected using this to make the bore hole. It seeks energy. That is,
The relationship between the feed pressure and the drilling speed as shown in the graph and the formula as shown in FIG. 6 is obtained. In the graph, the Y-axis represents the drilling speed and the X-axis represents the feed pressure. In the equation, Y represents the drilling speed and X represents the feed pressure.

Then, for example, in the perforation when the feed pressure is A and the perforation when the feed pressure is B, when the perforation energy of the feed pressure B is adjusted to the perforation energy of the feed pressure A, The punching speed obtained from the graph or the relational expression when the pressure is A and the punching speed obtained from the graph or the relational expression when the feed pressure is B are obtained, and the ratio of the obtained punching speeds is used. It is also possible to correct the drilling speed with the feed pressure B and use this corrected drilling speed to obtain the drilling energy.

Then, in the analysis system 30, the measurement data and the above-described calculated data are output from the display 32 and the printer 33. For example, as shown in FIGS. 4 (a), (b), and (c), measurement data of rotation pressure, impact pressure, feed pressure, drilling speed, and drilling energy are taken as Y-axis, and drilling distance (here, distance in tunnel) A graph with TD) as the X axis is output. Although the damping pressure data is not shown here, a graph with the damping pressure data on the Y axis and the drilling distance on the X axis is also output.

Further, in this example, in addition to the data obtained from the above-mentioned measurement system 10, as will be described later,
The result of measuring the amount of spring water from the hole mouth of the hole, measuring the color of the drilling water flowing out from the hole mouth, and the properties of the starch powder (size and material of the starch powder) and visually confirming Since the information is transmitted to the analysis system 30 from the site where the operation is performed, the result is also output together with the above graph as shown in FIG.

It is preferable that the above-mentioned graph, the amount of spring water and the powder of the powdered flour, and the geological properties predicted from them are printed out, for example, as one sheet of paper. In addition, the data such as the amount of spring water and the powdered flour may be input to the data recorder 12 in the operation room 18 of the wheel jumbo 1 or the like and sent to the analysis system 30 together with the above-described measurement data. The data may be sent to the analysis system 30 separately from the data.

Next, a rock mass exploration method using the wheel jumbo 1, the measurement system 10 and the analysis system 30 will be described. First, in the wheel jumbo 1, by operating the boom 4 and the like, preparation for drilling such as disposing the hydraulic rock drill 2 at a drilling position is performed. Further, in the measurement system 10, the time interval of measurement by the hydraulic pressure sensors 24 to 27 and the like, the time interval of output of the drilling distance by the integrated flow meter 13 and the like are set in advance. And
Drilling is performed by the hole jumbo 1 and each hydraulic sensor 2
The measurement of the hydraulic pressure by 4 to 27, the calculation of the perforation distance in the integrated flow meter 13 based on the measurement result of the oil meter 16, and the like are performed, and the above-mentioned various hydraulic data and the data of the perforation distance are stored in the data recorder 12. It At this time, each data is stored in the data recorder 12 in correspondence with the passage of time, but the timer function for measuring the passage of time is not included in the data recorder 12 but in the integrating flowmeter 13. Also good.

During drilling, the amount of water flowing out from the hole mouth is measured and the color of the water is visually confirmed to be used as the data of the color of drilling water. Further, the amount of spring water can be obtained by dividing the amount of drilling water used from the amount of runoff water. In addition, the properties of the chestnut powder collected from the hole mouth, for example, the type of rock that has become the chestnut powder and the size of the chestnut powder are visually confirmed. Then, for example, data such as the color of drilling water, the amount of spring water, and the properties of boll powder are input to the data recorder 12 from the operation room 18 of the wheel jumbo 1.

Then, the data stored in the data recorder 12 is sent to the analysis system 30. In the analysis system 30, various hydraulic data corresponding to the passage of time as the measurement data is converted into hydraulic data corresponding to the drilling distance based on the data of the drilling distance corresponding to the passage of time as the measurement data. Further, the drilling speed is calculated from the drilling distance, and the drilling energy data is calculated from the impact pressure data, the drilling speed data and the like as described above.

Then, as shown in FIGS. 7 and 8, various hydraulic data, drilling speed, drilling energy, spring water quantity,
Data such as the color of drilling water and the properties of cut powder are output from a display or printer. The output of the feed pressure data is for confirming that the feed pressure is constant, and the impact pressure is basically for confirming whether or not the impact is normally applied. It is a thing. Then, the geological properties such as whether the rock is hard or fragile is predicted from the data of the drilling speed, drilling energy, damping pressure, or rotation pressure.

The drilling energy and damping pressure are
Basically, it is low if the bedrock is fragile, and high if the bedrock is hard. In addition, the drilling speed is high when the rock mass is weak and slow when the rock mass is hard. Further, in a stratum with a large amount of clay, since it is a soft stratum, the drilling energy and damping pressure decrease, the drilling speed increases, but the rotation pressure increases. Then, the measurement data includes various errors, but by referring to all of these data, the errors can be eliminated and the geology can be predicted.

For example, in the graph shown in FIG. 7, TD = 328 to 329 m and TD = 338 to 340 m.
In the section (2), the drilling speed is high, the drilling energy is small, and the rotating pressure is high, so it is considered that the clay layer exists. Then, as shown in FIG. 6, TD = 3
In the section before and after 38 m, there is a lot of clay in the chestnut powder. In addition, by visually observing the properties of chestnut powder and measuring the amount of spring water as described above, it is also possible to determine the types of rocks contained in the formation and the presence or absence of impermeable layers or aquifers. It is possible to obtain data useful for tunnel excavation and the like. Therefore, by looking at these plural data, it is possible to judge the stratum that could not be judged by one data. It should be noted that by accumulating these data and the data found by actual excavation in association with each other, much more can be predicted.

[0057]

The first embodiment of the present invention will be described below.
In this example, sedimentary soft rocks are distributed around the tunnel where the rock mass exploration for obtaining the drilling energy of the present invention was performed. In addition, there was a coal mine trace nearby, and there was concern that there might be a pit or a cavity that might have been caused by the coal bed. For this reason, advanced core boring is being carried out from the cutting face, and the rock mass survey in this example was carried out to supplement the core boring data. The rock exploration system used at this time includes the wheel jumbo 1 in the above-described embodiment, the measurement system 10, and the analysis system 30. In this example, the wheel jumbo 1 is used.
Also, the measurement system 10 cannot measure the damping pressure. In addition, in this example, in addition to the measurement data automatically measured by the measurement system 10, the above-mentioned properties of the starch powder were visually confirmed and the amount of spring water was also measured.

Further, as a method for applying rock mass exploration by drilling, a method of continuously exploring a section several meters ahead of the face face based on drilling data at the time of construction, and a method of adding rods while the construction is stopped, for example, There is a method of conducting exploration up to about 30 m ahead of the cutting face, and the latter method was adopted this time. Then, at the time of perforation, the feed pressure was kept substantially constant, the same measurement as that of the above-described embodiment was performed except for the damping pressure, and the analysis system 30 obtained the data of perforation energy.

In the present embodiment, when a plurality of drilling explorations were carried out, the feed pressure slightly differed for each exploration. Therefore, as described above, the punching speed and feed pressure shown in FIG. The relation between the graph and the relational expression are obtained, and the perforation speed is corrected based on the relational expression to obtain the perforation energy as described above. In this example, the tunnel to which bedrock exploration is applied is NATM (New Austrian Tunnell).
is a road tunnel of about 1km in length under construction by the construction method, and the ground is composed of the Bibai Formation of the Paleogene Ishikari Group, the shale called Akabira Formation, sandstone, sandstone / shale alternating layers, and coal. It is a relatively homogeneous sedimentary soft rock layer. In FIG. 9 (a),
An output example of drilling energy obtained during exploration in the TD = 300 to 310 m section is shown in a graph in which the Y axis is the drilling energy and the X axis is the drilling distance (tunnel distance TD).

Although it is mainly composed of the same shale,
An output example of drilling energy obtained in a road tunnel (extension of about 1.5 km) during excavation of a hard and cracked Tamba layer is shown in FIG. 9B as a comparison target. From the comparison of both figures, in soft rock, the perforation energy per unit perforation volume is as low as 200 J / cm ³ and there is little variation.
On the other hand, in hard rocks, fluctuations and variations are large,
It can be seen that the average value is also larger than that of soft rock. It is presumed that such a difference between the two is due to the influence of rock strength and the accompanying cracks.

Then, based on the results of seven explorations carried out at approximately the same position as the point where the advanced core boring was carried out from the face, the drilling energy was compared with the results of various tests carried out in the boring survey and rock classification. Study was carried out. In addition, since the position of the boring survey on the face and the position of the boring cannot be exactly the same, the position in the depth direction (drilling direction) of the drilling energy data is corrected according to the running / tilt obtained from the core. did.

Corresponds to the rock mass classification and its classification by adding the results of in-situ test (horizontal horizontal loading test, velocity logging) and indoor rock test (uniaxial compression test, ultrasonic velocity test) to the results of borehole core observation FIG. 10 shows the relationship with the average value of perforation energy per unit perforation volume per 1 m in the section.
From FIG. 10, the bottom value of drilling energy is about 200 J / cm ³ in any classification, but when viewed at a high drilling energy, it is possible to distinguish between rock class C class and D class, and C class is better. It can be seen that the energy required for drilling was included in many sections where the drilling energy was larger. In addition, FIG.
Shows the relationship between the drilling energy and the implementation support pattern. The implementation support pattern was selected by taking into account the face observation results in addition to the previous rock mass grade. As a result, it was found that the practicing support pattern was more related to the drilling energy than the relationship with the rock mass grade. It should be noted that CI, DI, DII, etc. in the graph of FIG. 9 indicate the classification of known standard support patterns.

Utilizing the drilled holes at the time of performing the drilling exploration,
Velocity logging was performed. The velocity logging is excited by hammering with a face, and the vibration is detected by two receivers installed at the hole mouth of the excavation hole and a predetermined position in the excavation hole. The elastic wave velocity of each section is grasped. The travel time curve of the section in which the drilling exploration and velocity logging are performed is shown in FIG. 12 (a), and the drilling energy is shown in FIG. 12 (b). From FIG. 12B, the sandy shale and the section of the shale where the drilling energy is high can be seen. In addition, even in the sandstone section, there is a section where the drilling energy is slightly high. When this section is compared with the travel time curve of FIG. 12 (a), the tendency does not appear prominently due to the resolution of the measuring instrument, the reading error, etc. at the place where the exploration depth is shallow, but as a whole drilling section In the section where the drilling energy is high, the measured value of the P-wave arrival time is lower than the solid line of the travel time curve in FIG. 12A, and the slope is smaller than the solid line. That is, it is understood that the elastic wave velocity is high in the section where the drilling energy is high. In other words, it is considered that there existed a hard gravel portion having a high elastic wave velocity such that the drilling energy locally becomes high in this drilling section. In other words, when such an output of drilling energy is observed, it is considered that the existence of the hard portion or the boundary thereof is suggested.

As described above, according to this embodiment, the better the rock mass in the rock classification, the larger the section of the drilling energy that is included, and the drilling energy may be an index for rock classification. If there is a section where the drilling energy rapidly increases in the sedimentary soft rock layer, a hard portion such as gravel may be present there.

The second embodiment of the present invention will be described below.
In this example, the existence of an old tunnel, which is a coal mine trace, was presumed to exist around the tunnel to which the bedrock exploration method of the present invention was applied, but its position, scale, etc. were not specified by a data survey or the like.
Therefore, in order to confirm the existence, position and shape of the old tunnel (cavity) that hinders the construction, drilling survey and drilling survey and camera survey were conducted at the assumed location. As a result, the effectiveness of the rock exploration method in the cavity investigation was confirmed.

The area around the tunnel is composed of shale called Akabira Formation and Bibai Formation of the Paleogene Ishikari Group, shale, sandstone, alternating sandstone and shale layers, and coal bed, and a relatively homogeneous sedimentary soft rock layer is distributed. . FIG. 13 shows the positional relationship between the old tunnel and the tunnel under excavation, which was assumed by the material survey and was judged to hinder the construction if it exists, and the survey outline. In the figure, V-1
V-2 is a core boring from the surface of the earth, and H-1 to H-3 are boring holes where rock excavation was performed from the face by the hydraulic rock drill 2.

Core boring was carried out directly above the old tunnel, which was initially envisioned. The result of the core observation is shown in the vertical sectional view of FIG. At V-1 hole, altitude is 155.2-15
In the 7.7 m section, and in the V-2 hole, 155.4 to 1
In the 59.45m section, cavities and fillings of the old tunnel were confirmed. After that, a camera survey was conducted using the V-2 hole, but the depth of the cavity could not be grasped due to insufficient light quantity. Therefore, in order to supplement the information between the boreholes by core boring, rock survey was carried out in three directions from the face. Figure 14 shows the location of the old tunnel estimated by bedrock exploration.
Is shown in the plan view of FIG. As a result of the above, the location and shape of the old tunnel, which was the subject of the survey, was almost estimated, and countermeasure work by injecting cement milk etc. was examined and implemented.

In the bedrock exploration method of this example, as shown in the above example, the ground evaluation is mainly performed based on the drilling speed and the drilling energy, and the rotation pressure is measured and the spring based on the amount of water flowing from the hole is used. The amount of water was measured and the properties of the seaweed collected from the mouth were visually inspected. In this example, focusing on the behavior of the drilling energy, the features of drilling the old tunnel will be described. 15A, 15B and 15C, H-1 (drilling depth (drilling distance) 19.5 m), H-2 (drilling depth 19.
5m) and H-3 (drilling depth 31.1 m) show the behavior of the drilling energy when drilling 3 holes. Since the geology around the tunnel is relatively soft rock, the drilling energy values of H-1 and H-2 are around 200 J / cm ³ and H-3.
Is about 120 J / cm ^3, which is smaller than that in the case where a hard rock mass with cracks is drilled, and the result is that there is little fluctuation or variation. Here, the central value of H-3 is H-
Compared with the values of 1 and H-2, it was judged from the fluctuations in the drilling powder and the rotating pressure during drilling that the sandstone / shale alternating layers were drilled in H-1 and H-2. , H-3 is considered to be the result of drilling a shale dominant layer with a lower average rock mass strength. Further, in H-3, the perforation energy is reduced to about 60 J / cm ^{3 in the} section of 6 to 8 m. Judging from the drilling powder, it is evaluated that this is because the coal bed with lower strength was drilled. Considering the above results, the depth of 13.7 m-1 in the section where the drilling energy value is lower and the variation is less than that in drilling the coal bed, H-1 in the figure.
9.3m, H-2 15.3 ~ 18.3m, H-3 2
It was considered that the old tunnel (cavity or filling) existed at 6.7 to 30.2 m. Furthermore, the dissipation of drilling water (measured spring water (outflow water-hole drilling water) is negative), which is a characteristic when drilling a place with a large cavity interval, was also found in this section. It was concluded that there was an old tunnel on the line connecting these three sections.

As described above, in order to confirm the position and shape of the old tunnel (cavity) expected around the tunnel during excavation, a rock mass exploration method using a hydraulic rock drill was carried out from the borehole face. As a result, it was confirmed that the location of the old tunnel can be specified by the drilling energy. Moreover, not only the behavior of the ground evaluation parameters such as drilling energy, but also the properties of the ground flour,
By considering information such as the amount of water flowing from the hole,
We were able to secure the evaluation.

[0070]

According to the rock mass exploration method of the first aspect of the present invention, the drilling energy can be easily obtained from the measurement data and the like obtained from the hydraulic rock drilling machine, and the ground energy is obtained from the drilling energy. The properties of can be predicted. According to the rock mass exploration method of claim 2 of the present invention, by making the feed pressure during drilling constant, it is possible to prevent the drilling energy from fluctuating irrespective of the nature of the ground due to the fluctuation of the feed pressure, The property of the ground can be easily predicted from the drilling energy without considering the feed pressure.

According to the rock mass exploration method of the third aspect of the present invention, the drilling energies in the other drillings obtained when drilling with different feed pressures are corrected in accordance with the feed pressures and comparatively examined. be able to. Further, when there is accumulation of data of drilling energy obtained by drilling with different feed pressures, this can be utilized more effectively.

According to the rock mass exploration method of the fourth aspect of the present invention, not only the drilling energy but also the drilling speed and the drilling reaction force are used to predict the nature of the ground, thereby making the ground more reliable. It is possible to predict the nature of the mountain.

According to the rock mass exploration method of the fifth aspect of the present invention, further, in predicting the nature of the ground, a rotational pressure, an outflow of water (amount of spring water) from the hole mouth of the drilling hole, or from the hole mouth By adding the properties of the collected chestnut, it is possible to judge the properties of the ground more comprehensively and to predict the properties of the ground in more detail.

[Brief description of drawings]

FIG. 1 is a drawing for explaining a wheel jumbo used in a rock mass exploration method according to an embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 2 is a block diagram for explaining a measurement system used in the rock mass exploration method of the above example.

FIG. 3 is a drawing for explaining an analysis system used in the rock mass exploration method of the above example.

FIG. 4 is a graph and a formula showing the relationship between the number of impacts and the impact pressure used to calculate the number of impacts in the rock mass exploration method of the above example.

FIG. 5 is impact pressure data measured at a relatively high frequency (200 Hz) sampling frequency used to determine the number of impacts in the rock exploration method of the above example. The cycle of the percussion pressure (pulsation cycle) in the figure corresponds to the number of impacts.

FIG. 6 is a graph and a formula showing the relationship between the feed pressure and the drilling speed used when correcting the drilling speed and the drilling energy corresponding to the feed pressure in the rock mass exploration method of the above example.

FIG. 7 is a diagram showing an output example of data in the rock exploration method of the above example.

FIG. 8 is a diagram showing an output example of data in the rock exploration method of the above example.

FIG. 9 is a graph showing the results of the first example of the present invention.

FIG. 10 is a graph showing the results of the first example of the present invention.

FIG. 11 is a graph showing the results of the first example of the present invention.

FIG. 12 is a graph showing the results of the first example of the present invention.

FIG. 13 is a view for explaining the second embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 14 is a view for explaining the second embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 15 is a graph showing the results of the second example of the present invention.

[Explanation of symbols]

1 hole jumbo 2 hydraulic rock drill 10 measuring system 13 Integrated flow meter 16 Oil meter 24 Oil pressure sensor for damping pressure 25 Feed pressure oil pressure sensor 26 Oil pressure sensor for rotation pressure 27 Oil pressure sensor for impact pressure 30 analysis system

─────────────────────────────────────────────────── ─── Continuation of the front page (72) Inventor Junichi Tsukada 2-23-11 Nishi-nippori, Arakawa-ku, Tokyo Inside Drill Machine Co., Ltd. (56) Reference JP-A-9-138971 (JP, A) JP-A 4-161588 (JP, A) (58) Fields surveyed (Int.Cl. ⁷ , DB name) E21C 39/00 G01V 9/00 E02D 1/00

Claims (5)

(57) [Claims] 1. When the rock to be searched is drilled by a hydraulic rock drilling machine, a drilling energy indicating the amount of energy required to drill the rock per unit volume is calculated in correspondence with the drilling distance, A rock mass exploration method that predicts geological properties based on drilling energy.When drilling with a hydraulic rock drill, the drilling distance corresponds to the drilling time, the cross-sectional area of the drilled hole, and the impact during drilling. The hydraulic pressure as a percussion pressure in the hydraulic cylinder device for giving, the number of impacts per unit time corresponding to the percussion pressure, the pressure receiving area of the hydraulic cylinder device, and the piston stroke of the hydraulic cylinder device are obtained, And calculating the percussion energy from the piston stroke and the percussion pressure, and calculating the perforation speed by dividing the amount of change in the perforation distance by the time, A rock mass exploration method, wherein the drilling energy is calculated from the impact energy, the number of impacts, the drilling speed, and the hole cross-sectional area. 2. The rock exploration method according to claim 1, wherein the feed pressure for pressing the bit of the hydraulic rock drill to the rock is made substantially constant during the drilling. 3. When comparing the drilling energies, when the feed pressure for pressing the bit of the hydraulic rock drill at the time of drilling when calculating the drilling energies to be compared is different, the feed pressure is different. And at least one of the drilling energies to be compared is calculated, and the drilling energy is calculated by correcting the drilling speed from the relationship between the feed pressure and the drilling speed. The rock mass exploration method according to claim 1 or 2. 4. A rock drilling property transmitted from a rock mass to a hydraulic rock drilling machine at the time of drilling is obtained, and a property of the rock mass is predicted from the drilling speed, the drilling energy and the drilling reaction force. The rock mass exploration method according to any one of 3 above. 5. The rotational pressure applied to rotate the bit of the hydraulic rock drill at the time of drilling is measured, and the powder of the drill is collected from the mouth of the drilled hole to visually check the properties of the starch. , Measuring the amount of spring water from the hole mouth, the drilling speed,
The rock mass exploration method according to any one of claims 1 to 4, wherein the rock mass properties are predicted from the drilling energy, the drilling reaction force, the properties of the boring powder, and the amount of spring water.