JP3345487B2 - Shaft machining method and device - Google Patents

Description

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

[0001]

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention The present invention relates to a gear shaft rolling device for rolling a tooth work such as an involute spline, a screw, an oil groove, etc. on a shaft work, and a cutting process for a snap ring groove, etc. on a plastically deformed gear shaft. The present invention relates to a shaft processing apparatus and a processing method having a cutting device for performing.

[0002]

2. Description of the Related Art Conventionally, when a tooth work such as an involute spline, a screw, an oil groove, or the like is roll-formed on a shaft work, a work that has been round-turned is involute, spline, screw, oil groove using a flat die rolling machine. The gear shaft having a snap ring groove or the like in the involute spline portion was mounted on another turning machine to machine the snap ring groove or the like into the work.

[0003]

Conventionally, a work that has been rounded is rolled into a tooth shape such as an involute spline on a flat die rolling machine, and is mounted on another turning machine to form a snap ring groove or the like on a gear shaft. Had been processed. For this reason, the material was rounded by turning using broaching at a portion where the roundness of the rounded diameter was not so required at the target portion. This method was a method with good processing efficiency, but if a flat broach was used due to the processing allowance, if the roundness was not good, the volume after rolling would be basically the same, so that it would not be formed into a predetermined shape, The flat broach became longer, and naturally a machine with a large machining stroke was required. Conventionally, mainly due to the drawbacks such as excess or deficiency of large diameter swelling after rolling, large diameter excess or shortage for each division in the circumferential direction, etc. It was not generally used as a material processing.

[0004] In addition, for a work in which a predetermined rolling process is performed with a flat die and a snap ring groove or the like is formed in an involute spline portion or the like, if the snap ring groove or the like is processed and placed before the rolling process, a snap is formed by the rolling process. There is a problem that a predetermined groove width cannot be ensured due to the flow of the material in the ring groove or the like due to the flow of the material, and a snap ring groove or the like has been machined into the work after rolling by another turning machine again. For this reason, the relative positional relationship between the mounting of the rolling die and the cutting tip is not related, so the processing accuracy is poor, and a large dedicated equipment / transport space is required.
In addition, it took a long time to carry out the cutting process / transportation between the equipments, a long cycle time, and a high cost.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION An object of the present invention is to provide a cutting device for cutting a work, such as a snap ring groove, on a work having a tooth shape or the like formed by plastic deformation on the outer peripheral portion of a rounded work by a rolling device. It is an object of the present invention to provide a shaft machining apparatus and method, which is good, has a small installation space, does not require time for cutting and transporting between facilities, has a short cycle time, and is inexpensive.

[0006]

Means for Solving the Problems] Therefore, in the present invention, one end
The tailstock supported by the rolling part tailstock 24
The center 61 and the other end
Center 62 supported by the headstock 25
Rounded work that becomes the supported gear shaft before rolling.
In this manner, the roller 54 is rotatably held, and is engaged with the rolling dies 50, 50 ' on the pair of rolling die slides 15 in the radial direction. synchronously moving Te, wherein after the workpiece 54 to form the rolling portion to the outer peripheral portion by plastic deformation, word after the plastic deformation
The workpiece 55 is gripped by a tail stock center 61 and a chuck 60 with a motor for rotationally driving the work adjacent to the center 62.
A shaft that is cut and rotated to engage the tip 52 of the cutting tip 53 following the rolling die 50 arranged on the same rolling die slide to cut the plastically deformed workpiece 55. The problem of the prior art described above has been solved by providing a processing apparatus and method.

[0007]

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS The present invention will be described in detail below with reference to FIGS. FIG. 1 is a front view showing a configuration of a shaft machining apparatus having a turning machine and a gear shaft rolling / cutting machine, which is a combined machine tool of cutting and plastic working, according to an embodiment of the present invention , and FIG. 3 is a left side view of the processing apparatus of FIG. 1 as viewed from the left, and FIG. 3 is a plan view of the processing apparatus of FIG.
The shaft machining apparatus according to the embodiment of the present invention has a common base 75 of the machine.
On the upper side, a right column 13 and a left column 14 are provided, and the upper plate 16 rigidly fixes the columns 13 and 14 at the upper portion.
The left column 14 is provided with a turning device 70 for turning and a left device portion of a gear shaft rolling / cutting device 71, and the right column 13 is provided with a right device portion of the gear shaft rolling / cutting device 71. ing.

In FIG. 1, a turning machine 70 for turning the left column 14 includes a turning slide drive motor 17 disposed on the top of the left column 14, a turning slide 20 disposed on the left side of the column 14, It includes a drive motor 3 for stock movement, a feed screw 10 for the radial cut 4 and a radial cut mechanism 72 including a drive motor 11 for the feed screw 10, and a chip conveyor device 8 and a chip box 9 are provided on the left side thereof. Have been. The gear shaft rolling / cutting device 71 has a motor 18 for driving a left flat die slide 15 at the top of the left column 14 and a motor 19 for driving a right flat die slide 15 at the top of the right column 13 on the bed 12. To the tailstock center 61 (FIG. 7) supported by the rolling stock tailstock 24, and to the center 62 (FIG. 7) supported by the headstock 25 with the motor for rotationally driving the workpiece rotation at the other end. Work 54 to be the supported gear shaft before rolling
The flat die slide arranged on the left side of the left column 14
The 15 flat dies 50 and the flat dies 50 '(FIG. 7 (a)) of a flat die slide (not shown) disposed on the right side of the right column 13 reciprocate in the vertical direction, so that the gear shaft rolling is performed. Has been. Reference numeral 21 denotes a transfer device for transferring the finished turning product to the rolling position, reference numeral 22 denotes a transfer device for transferring the completed roll product to the unloading position, and reference numeral 23 denotes an operation panel.

In FIG. 2, a turning machine 70 for rounding includes a turning slide 20, a flat broach 40 'for turning supported on the turning slide 20, and a tailstock supported by a turning part tailstock 1. A work shaft 26 serving as a gear shaft sandwiched between the center 34 and a work chuck 35 supported by the turning part work spindle 6, a work spindle motor 7, a tailstock moving feed screw 2,
Motor 3 for tailstock drive, cutting table 4 in radial direction,
Each includes a driving belt 5 for a radial cutting board. The tailstock 1 is written in a position retracted at the right end in FIG. 2 and at the lower end in FIG. In Fig. 3, 26 a work axis turning machining position, the rolling before processing position workpiece 27, gear shaft 28 is rolling machined position, the gear shaft of the delivery position to the next step 29, 30 Denotes a temporary work support on the rolling line, 31 denotes a hydraulic unit, and 32 denotes a control box.

In the turning machine 70 for rounding, as shown in an enlarged plan view of a main part in FIG. 5, a work shaft 26 is gripped at a predetermined position by a work chuck 35 mounted on the turning part work spindle 6. One side of the work shaft 26 is supported by a tail stock center 34. The work shaft 26 is rotated at a high speed by the drive motor 7, and is engaged with the work shaft 26 so as to be reciprocally supported. By reciprocating with respect to the work shaft 26, round turning before rolling is performed. Work chuck 35
Work shaft 26 supported between the tailstock center 34
The cutting mechanism 72 which is fed in the radial direction together with the tail stock 1 and the work spindle 6, as can be clearly seen in FIG.
Having. The radial cutting mechanism 72 includes a radial cutting table 4, a radial cutting table driving belt 5, (FIG. 2) a radial cutting table feed screw 10, and a radial cutting table driving motor 11 (FIG. 3). .

As shown in the enlarged side view of the main part of the flat broach 40 'in FIG. 6, the flat broach 40' is composed of a rough cutting blade 73 and a finishing blade 74 which are sequentially arranged on a broach holder 41 '. Further, the work shaft 26 supported between the chuck 35 and the center 34 on the radial cutting table 4 is repeatedly moved together with the work spindle 6 and the tail stock 1 toward the rough cutting blade 73 by the radial cutting mechanism 72 as many times as necessary. It is fed in the radial direction and coarsely rounded.
High precision rounding is done using 74. 33 is a feed screw of the turning slide, 40 is a rough cutting blade tip, 41 is a rough cutting blade tip holder, 42 is a rough cutting blade tip holder base,
43 is the finishing blade tip, 44 is the finishing blade tip holder,
Are respectively shown. Preferably the turning device 70 is
It has a feed speed control unit and a work spindle rotation speed control unit (not shown) for controlling the feed speed and the work spindle 6 rotation speed at which the finishing blade unit 74 engages with the work shaft 26, and performs appropriate tangential cutting. By providing a speed, the roundness of the work spindle 26 is improved.

FIG. 4 is an explanatory view showing a biting process of a tool, that is, a flat broach 40 'blade tip in the turning apparatus 70 shown in FIG. 26 is the work axis at the turning position, 40a is the starting position of the turning chip, 40b is the end position of the chip, ap is the depth of cut, n is the number of rotations of the work axis, C is the point where the cutting edge contacts the material, C Is the top of the chip, D is the peeling of the material
Begins, E is the end position of chip machining, φa is the angle of exit from meshing, φe is the angle of meshing, Vf is the feed speed, f / 2 is the tool feed radius, and the outer circumference of the workpiece shaft that has been cut by turning. Represents a polygon with a continuous tool feed radius, and u represents the deflection of this polygon from a circle.

Conventionally, it has not been common practice to use a flat broach for round cutting and use it as a material for rolling. However, in the turning apparatus 70 according to the embodiment of the present invention,
It has a radial cutting mechanism 72 for feeding the work shaft 26 in the radial direction, the flat broach 40 'is composed of a rough cutting blade portion 73 and a finishing blade portion 74 arranged sequentially on the broach holder 41', and the work shaft is flat. The radial cutting mechanism is used to repeatedly feed in the radial direction as many times as necessary by the radial cutting mechanism toward the rough cutting blade part of the broach. The flat broach is shortened, which has a great effect on downsizing and cost reduction of the machine.When designing a tool based on the conventional concept, the flat broach holder is designed each time due to the machining allowance. By using the directional cut function, the length of the flat broach holder is reduced to about 1/3
It became possible to shorten the length to the following length and standardize it.
As the flat broach became shorter and the machine became more compact, the rounding process could be connected or integrated with the gear shaft rolling. Furthermore, the roundness of the rounding diameter can be achieved by automatically adjusting the work spindle rotation speed and the tangential feed speed of the finishing blade of the flat broach blade to obtain the appropriate cutting speed of the finishing blade. Thus, a highly efficient and accurate turning machine for rounding can be provided.

A gear shaft rolling / cutting device 71 according to an embodiment of the present invention.
As shown in the enlarged main part plan view of the gear shaft rolling device in FIG. 7 (a), the rounded work 54 is turned to a tail stock 24 center 61 which is a work holding part and a work rotation drive. center 62, which is supported by the head stock 25-out with motor
The flat die 50, which is a rolling die, on the rolled flat die slide 15, which is a base plate disposed on the left side surface of the left column 14 on the workpiece 54, and the illustration shown on the right side surface of the right column 13 The flat die slide 50 'on the rolling flat die slide of the non-forming die part 51 is engaged, and the flat die slides are synchronously moved along the column which is the rolling die slide support portion with each other, and the plastic deformation of the work 54 is performed. Thus, a tooth profile, a screw, an oil groove and the like are formed on the outer peripheral portion of the work 54. Instead of the flat die 50 ', which is a rolling die, a thread forming die or an oil groove forming die may be provided as a rolling die, or a plurality of rolling dies may be provided.

FIG. 7B shows the gear shaft rolling / cutting device 71 shown in FIG.
9 is a plan view of an enlarged main part of a cutting device connected to a gear shaft rolling device in the inside, and an enlarged schematic view of a flat die slide 15 (as viewed from the right side in FIG. 1) in FIG. 9 showing an embodiment of the present invention . As shown in the side view (a) and the side view (b) of the front view of (a), at least one of the pair of flat die slides 15
Has a cutting tip portion 53 following the die portion 51 on a flat die slide on the same base plate, and the work 55 after plastic deformation is combined with a tail stock center 61 and another center 62 by a switching device (not shown). A chuck 60 with a motor for rotationally driving the work arranged adjacent to the center 62 ;
, And is engaged with a tip 52 for a snap ring groove or the like arranged in advance in the tip portion 53 to cut the snap ring groove or the like. It is sufficient that the cutting tip 53 following the flat die 50 as a rolling die is disposed on a slide on the same base plate, and the rolling die and the cutting tip may be replaced by ATC.

Instead of the chuck 60, a work 55 sandwiched between the center stands 61, 62 is pressed in an axial direction toward the center stand 61 by a device (not shown) so that the work 55
May be gripped and rotated by a device (not shown). Y,
Y 'and Y "indicate positions before and after plastic deformation of the workpieces 54 and 55, and after processing such as snap ring grooves, respectively. Fig. 8 shows the processing state of the snap ring grooves 63 in Fig. 7B. The cutting tip of the tip portion 53 may be another tip such as a chamfering tip, an outer cutting tip or the like in addition to the tip 52 for the snap ring groove or the like, or a plurality of cutting tips may be provided.

A shaft machining apparatus having a turning machine and a gear rolling / cutting machine, which is a combined machine tool of cutting and plastic working, according to an embodiment of the present invention can be clearly seen from FIGS. In addition, turning machine 70 and gear shaft rolling /
Combined with the cutting device 71 as a combined machine tool, the transfer distance between the rounding process and the next rolling / cutting process is short, and the machine can be easily transported by a lift and carry system with a machine. I have. Alternatively, the turning device 70 may be arranged close to the gear shaft rolling / cutting device 71 so that the machine can be easily transported by a lift and carry method with a machine.

In operation, a work shaft 26 serving as a gear shaft
Is gripped at a predetermined position by the chuck 35 mounted on the work spindle 6, and one side of the work axis 26 is the center of the tailstock 1.
Supported by 34. Work spindle 6 rotates at high speed
While the 26 is rotated at high speed, the round broaching is performed using the flat broach 40 'for turning, but the flat broach becomes very long depending on the processing specifications / machining allowance. In order to solve this problem, in the embodiment of the present invention, a cutting mechanism 72 is provided in the radial direction, and the flat broach 40 ′ uses a tool that is divided into a rough cutting blade 73 and a finishing blade 74 on the broach holder 41 ′. use. That is, in the rough cutting stage, the rough cutting blade 73 arranged on the flat broach holder 41 'is repeatedly used as many times as necessary, and the finishing blade 74 is used in the final stage to perform high-precision round cutting. In particular, the rolled portion is achieved by controlling the number of rotations of the work shaft and the feed speed of the flat broach finishing blade 74 to improve the roundness.

Since the machine between the rounding process and the next rolling process is arranged on the same machine base instead of combining the machines individually as in the prior art, the transport distance is short and the machine is easy to use. It can be transported using a lift and carry method. In the rolling process, a pair of known flat dies are synchronously moved along a column with each other via a flat die slide 15, and a center base 61,
With respect to the work 54 supported between the 62, a tooth shape such as an involute spline, a screw, an oil groove and the like are formed on the outer periphery of the work 54 by plastic deformation. For the rolled work that requires a snap ring groove or the like in the involute spline, this time, the work 55 is gripped by the chuck 60 with a work rotation drive motor, rotated at high speed, and re-slid to the flat die slide.
The 15 moves and the snap ring groove 63 is machined with the tip 52 previously set on the flat die slide 15. In the past, shafts that required snap ring grooves in the involute spline were processed by another turning machine after rolling, but in the present invention, rolling and turning, which were separately processed, are processed in one process. Multi-tasking machine.

[0020]

As described above, according to the present invention , since the rolling die and the cutting tip following the rolling die are provided on the same base plate, the rolling die and the cutting tip are provided on the same base plate. The tool reference surface of the part can be made the same, the relative positional accuracy of the mounting of the rolling die and the cutting tip part is improved, the processing accuracy is improved, and since there is only one base plate, the number of parts including mounting parts, The space required for mounting is reduced, so that it is possible to provide a shaft machining apparatus which requires less time for turning and transporting between equipment, has a shorter cycle time, and is inexpensive.

Further, in the present invention , one end of the rolled portion tails
At the tail stock center 61 supported by the stock 24,
The other end of the headstock with a motor
Rolling supported on the center 62 supported by the tool 25
A pre-processed rounded work 54 serving as a gear shaft is rotatably held, and is engaged with rolling dies 50, 50 ' on a pair of rolling die slides 15 in the radial direction. After the die slides are synchronously moved along the slide support portion and the work 54 is plastically deformed to form a rolled portion on the outer peripheral portion, the work 55 after the plastic deformation is tailed.
Work rotation adjacent to the stock center 61 and the center 62
Chuck 60 with a driving motor and
And engaging the tip 52 of the cutting tip 53 following the rolling die 50 arranged on the same rolling die slide.
Since the work 55 after plastic deformation is cut,
The same tool reference plane can be used for the rolling dies and cutting tips on the same base plate.
The relative positional accuracy of the attachment is good and the machining accuracy is improved.
Since there is only one board, parts points including mounting parts
Turning / equipment is smaller in both number and mounting space
Cycle time is short because no time is required for
The present invention provides a cheap shaft processing method and apparatus.

[Brief description of the drawings]

FIG. 1 is a front view showing a configuration of a shaft machining apparatus having a turning machine and a gear shaft rolling / cutting machine, which is a combined cutting and plastic machining machine, according to an embodiment of the present invention .

FIG. 2 is a left side view of the processing apparatus of FIG. 1 as viewed from the left.

FIG. 3 is a plan view of the processing apparatus of FIG. 1 as viewed from above.

FIG. 4 is an explanatory view showing a biting process of a tool, that is, a flat broach 40 ′ blade tip in the turning apparatus 70 shown in FIG. 5;

FIG. 5 is an enlarged plan view of a principal part of the turning apparatus 70 of FIG. 2;

FIG. 6 is an enlarged side view (as viewed from the front in FIG. 2) of a main portion of the flat broach 40 ′ of FIG. 5;

7A is an enlarged plan view of a main part of the gear shaft rolling device in the gear shaft rolling / cutting device 71 of FIG. 1, and FIG. 7B is a view of a cutting device connected to the gear shaft rolling device. The enlarged main part plan view is shown.

FIG. 8 is an enlarged sectional view showing a snap ring groove machining state of FIG. 7 (b).

9 (a) is an enlarged schematic side view (as viewed from the right side in FIG. 1) of the flat die slide 15 shown in FIG. 7 (b) and FIG. 9 (b) is a side view as viewed from the left side of FIG. 7 (a) .

[Explanation of symbols]

15． . Flat die slide (rolled die slide) (base plate) 35. . Work chuck 50, 50 '. . Flat dies (rolled dies) . Cutting tip 54, 55. . Work 60. Chuck with motor for work rotation drive (work gripper with work rotation device) 61, 62. . Center (work holding part) 71． . Gear shaft rolling / cutting device

──────────────────────────────────────────────────続 き Continuation of the front page (72) Inventor Takeshi Inada 1 Toyota Town, Toyota City, Aichi Prefecture Inside Toyota Motor Corporation (56) References JP-A-63-180424 (JP, A) JP-A-58-34734 (JP, A) (58) Field surveyed (Int. Cl. ⁷ , DB name) B23P 23/04 B23F 15/00

Claims (2)

(57) [Claims] 1. One end is supported by a rolling part tail stock 24.
Tail stock center 61 and the other end
The shaft supported by the headstock 25 with a motor
Gears before rolling, which are supported by
The rolled work 54 is rotatably held, and is engaged with the rolling dies 50, 50 ' on the pair of rolling die slides 15 in the radial direction. The workpiece is moved synchronously along the support
After plastically deforming 54 to form a rolled part on the outer periphery ,
The work 55 after the plastic deformation is the tail stock center 61,
A motor rotation drive motor adjacent to the center 62
The workpiece 55 after the plastic deformation is engaged by engaging the tip 52 of the cutting tip 53 following the rolling die 50 which is gripped and rotated by the tool 60 and arranged on the same rolling die slide .
A shaft machining apparatus characterized in that a shaft is machined. 2. One end is supported by a rolling part tail stock 24.
Tail stock center 61 and the other end
The shaft supported by the headstock 25 with a motor
Gears before rolling, which are supported by
The rolled work 54 is rotatably held, and is engaged with the rolling dies 50, 50 ' on the pair of rolling die slides 15 in the radial direction. The workpiece is moved synchronously along the support
After plastically deforming 54 to form a rolled part on the outer periphery ,
The work 55 after the plastic deformation is the tail stock center 61,
A motor rotation drive motor adjacent to the center 62
The workpiece 55 after the plastic deformation is engaged by engaging the tip 52 of the cutting tip 53 following the rolling die 50 which is gripped and rotated by the tool 60 and arranged on the same rolling die slide .
A method of machining a shaft, comprising cutting a workpiece.