JP3333845B2 - forklift - Google Patents

Description

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

[0001]

The present invention relates to a forklift used, for example, in a distribution system.

[0002]

2. Description of the Related Art Among the present inventors, Yoshiko Fujisawa and Hirohiko Morita have previously disclosed that a load placed on a pallet having a multi-row groove can be lifted by a forklift having a plurality of forks.
Scoop only the load without scooping the pallet,
A technology for placing only a load on another pallet or the like has been developed, whereby a system capable of reducing the manual work and performing the cargo handling work in a short time has been developed (1996 Patent Application No. 351).
No. 591: filed on December 27, 1996).

In this system, the upper portion of the pallet is formed such that a plurality of load receiving portions (top portions of mountain portions) extending in the front-rear direction (depth direction) and grooves (valley portions) formed therebetween are arranged in the width direction (right and left in the figure). And a forklift in which a plurality of forks are arranged at predetermined intervals.

[0004] A load (eg, a cardboard box containing fruits and vegetables) is placed on one or more load receiving portions of a pallet, or on one fork or two or more forks. Is placed.

[0005] The pallets employed in the above-mentioned system are set in three types having a width of 1100 mm, 1000 mm and 500 mm (hereinafter referred to as pallets A, B and C in this order). Currently 8 tons to 14 manufactured in Japan
The inner dimension of the ton truck bed is 2340m in width.
m, 2120 mm, 2040 mm, 1840 mm, 16
There are seven types, 00mm, 1500mm, and 1320mm, but according to the three types of pallets having the above width dimensions, two or more pallets can be mounted on all trucks, reducing wasted space on the loading platform. Thus, there is an effect that the transportation efficiency can be improved.

FIGS. 6A, 6B and 6C show pallets.
An example of the layout of the receiving portions and the concave portions of A , B , and C is shown. Pallet B is obtained by cutting both ends of pallet A by 50 mm, and pallet C is obtained by dividing pallet B into two parts. Have been. In the figure, the widths of the load receiving portions located at both ends of the pallet A and the load receiving portion located at the center are both 90 mm, and the pallets B , C
Are 40 mm in width. In addition, the width of the other receiving portions is 75 mm for the outer portion, and 70 mm for the inner portion.
, And the distance between all the receiving parts is 90 mm.

Here, if the width of the load receiving portion is smaller than 35 mm, it has been proved that it is difficult to secure the strength when a load is placed on a pallet made of resin (especially waste plastic). The minimum width of the receiving part was 35m
m. Therefore, the width of both end portions of the pallet B over 35mm because to do with (40 mm in the drawing), the width of both end portions of the pallet A (3
5 + 50 =) 85 mm or more (90 mm in the figure).

On the other hand, in a forklift having six forks corresponding to the pallets A , B and C ,
Considering the operability when inserting the fork into the groove, minimizing the damage to the load, the width of the fork should be 60 m.
m, the distance between the forks is 113 to 105 mm, and the difference (so-called play) between the width of the groove of the pallet and the width of the fork is desirably 24 to 40 mm (30 mm in the figure).

[0009]

The pallet A
If the load placed on top is unevenly distributed in the width direction, or if heavy objects are unevenly distributed in one of the width directions, all the forks should be palletized to balance when skimming with a forklift. Instead of inserting the forklift in the width direction, instead of inserting the forklift in the width direction, three or four forks are inserted into the groove of the pallet to align the center of gravity of the load with the center of gravity of the forklift that lifted the load. Must.

[0010] However, when the width direction of each fork of the forklift is fixed, as described above, if the width of the load receiving portions located at both ends of the pallet A is 90 mm, the two forks become the same. The distance between the forks must be
It is desirable that the width is 114 mm or more obtained by adding the minimum play of 24 mm to the width dimension of the load receiving portion of 90 mm, but the distance between the forks is 113 to 105 mm as described above. Is difficult to perform.

The present invention has been made to solve the above-mentioned problems, and has as its main object to arbitrarily change the position of a fork in the width direction, thereby achieving the effectiveness of the present distribution system. Specifically, it is an object of the present invention to provide a forklift having a plurality of forks, which has a simple structure, and performs stable fork movement.

[0012]

In order to achieve the above-mentioned object, the invention according to claim 1 is characterized in that a plurality of load receiving portions extending in the front-rear direction and grooves formed therebetween are alternately repeated in the width direction. The load is placed on a pallet that can be placed over one load receiving portion or two or more load receiving portions, or only the load placed on the pallet is left while the pallet remains. Equipped with multiple forks that scoop across one or more forks,
A full Okurifu <br/> preparative you can move at least one of the width direction of the mass block for fixing to the base of the fork, width direction above or behind the mass block
A long bolt that is arranged in the direction
A nut block that is screwed to a long bolt and this nut
Block and the top or back of the mass block
And is less than the travel of the nut block.
Boss engaged to move with no travel
Characterized by comprising.

The invention according to claim 2 extends in the front-rear direction.
The plurality of load receiving sections and the groove formed between
It has an uneven shape that is alternately repeated
Can be placed across multiple receiving parts or two or more receiving parts
Place a load on a pallet or place it on the pallet
With only the load on the pallet and one fork or
Are multiple forks scooping over two or more forks
A mass block fixed to the base of the fork.
At least one of them can be moved in the width direction.
A Kurifuto, an elongated bolt which is rotatable around the axis up or disposed rearwardly in the width direction of the mass block, a nut block is screwed to the long bolt, the nut block and the mass A boss protruding from either the upper part or the rear part of the block and fixedly engaged so as to move with the same amount of movement as the nut block, and an upper part of the nut block and the mass block
Alternatively, the nut block can be
Engaged to move with less than the amount of movement
And a boss .

[0014]

[0015]

According to a third aspect of the present invention, in the mass block or the nut block, a concave portion for engaging with the boss is formed, and a predetermined gap is formed between the widthwise end surface of the concave portion and the widthwise end surface of the boss. It is characterized by being formed.

According to a fourth aspect of the present invention, the mass block
A small gap is formed between the nut and the nut block.
It is characterized by being. The invention according to claim 5 is characterized in that a reinforcing rib is formed between the mass block and the fork.

[0018]

Next, preferred embodiments of the present invention will be described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings.

The forklift according to the present invention includes a plurality (six in the figure) of forks F, F,..., For example, as shown in FIG. In the drawing, P is a pusher plate, which is capable of moving forward and backward with respect to the forklift. The forklift moves forward at the same speed in conjunction with the backward movement, so that the forklift moves forward from the tip of the fork. Loads are dropped in order.

FIG. 2 shows a main part of FIG. 1 (a pusher plate and the like are not shown). Forklift body 1a
A rail 3 extending in the width direction is fixed to a lower part of the rail.
A mass block 5A is fixed to the center of the rail 3 in the width direction, and a pair of mass blocks 5B and 5C movable in the width direction along the rail 3 are sequentially arranged on both sides in the width direction of the mass block 5A. . Mass blocks 5A, 5B, 5C
Is a plate-shaped mass having a considerable weight, and the upper hook portions 5Aa, 5Ba, 5Ca and the lower hook portions 5Ab, 5Bb, 5Cb located on the rear side thereof are engaged with the rail 3 to block the mass. 5A, 5B and 5C are prevented from falling off.

The bases of the forks F, F,... Are fixed to the mass blocks 5A, 5B, 5C. Two forks F, F are fixed to the mass block 5A located at the center, and one fork F is fixed to each of the mass blocks 5B, 5C. In addition, mass block 5
Reinforcing ribs 7, 7 are provided between the surfaces of A, 5B, 5C and the upper surfaces of the forks F, F,....

On the surface of the forklift body 1a, three brackets 9 having a T-shaped cross section are fixed above the mass blocks 5A, 5B, 5C by fasteners such as bolts. A single long bolt 13 is provided which is rotatably supported around the axis with respect to the brackets 9 located at both ends. The long bolts 13 have opposite threading directions on the left and right with a boundary substantially at the center in the width direction.

The long bolt 13 has two nut blocks 15, 15 screwed thereto.

One bracket (shown on the left side in FIG. 1) 9
A handle H can be engaged with the long bolt 13 protruding from the handle. When the handle H is manually rotated in one direction, the nut block 15 moves in a direction in which the nut blocks 15 are separated from each other along the width direction according to the amount of rotation (for example, a movement of 6 mm per rotation of the handle H). When the nuts are rotated in the opposite direction, the nut blocks 15 move in directions approaching each other along the width direction.

FIGS. 3 (a), 3 (b) and 3 (c) are diagrams for explaining the details and operation of the main part of the present invention. That is, the bosses 17B, 1 are located above the mass blocks 5B, 5C.
7C protrudes, and the boss 17C is definitely engaged with a concave portion formed in the lower portion of the nut block 15. Therefore, the boss 17C and the mass block 5C (and the fork F fixed thereto) move with the same movement amount as the nut block. On the other hand, the boss 17B is engaged with a widthwise long recess formed at the lower portion of the nut block 15, and the boss 17B and the mass block 5B (and the fork F fixed thereto) are connected to the nut block 15 by the nut block 15.
It moves with a movement amount smaller than the movement amount of.

In the figure, 25 is provided between the outer end surface of the recess formed in the nut block 15 and the outer end surface of the boss 17B.
mm gap (so-called play) is formed,
The boss 17B (the mass block 5B and the fork F) moves with a movement amount smaller by 25 mm than the movement amount of the nut block 15.

In FIG. 3, when the handle H is not rotated (a), the boss 17B is in contact with the outer end surface (left side in the figure) with respect to the concave portion of the nut block 15, and is inside the boss 17B (in the figure). On the right) there is a gap of 25 mm. In this state, the distance between the fork of the mass block 5A and the fork of the mass block 5B is A, and the distance between the fork of 5A and the fork of 5C is B.

Here, when the handle H is rotated to move the nut block 15 outward by 25 mm (b), the boss 17C and the mass block 5C (fork F) that definitely move with the nut block 15 also move outward by 25 mm. However, the boss 17B moves relatively rightward in the recess, and its inner end surface only contacts the inner end surface of the recess, and the boss 17B and the mass block 5B (fork F) do not move.

When the handle H is further rotated to move the nut block 15 further outward by 25 mm (50 mm from the beginning) (c), the boss 17C and the mass block 5 are moved.
C (fork F) is also 25mm (50m from the beginning)
m) Move outward, and the boss 17B moves outward by 25 mm in conjunction with the nut block 15. As a result, the mass block 5B moves 25 mm outside the initial position, and the mass block 5C moves 50 mm outside the initial position.

In the above embodiment, the mass block 5
B and 5C moving mechanisms (long bolt 13, nut block 15, etc.) are provided above them.
B, 5C may be provided behind. Boss 17
B, 17C may be formed on the nut block 15 side, and a concave portion engaging with the boss may be formed on the mass block 5A, 5B, 5C side.

FIG. 4 shows a forklift according to the present invention.
The width shown in (a), (b) and (c) is 1100 m
m pallet A, 1000 mm pallet B, 50 pallet
A single pallet C can be used for a 0 mm pallet C.

In the pallets A and B shown in FIG. 4, the width of the load receiving portions located at both ends is 50 to 55 mm.
The width of all the groove portions is 90 mm, and the width of the load receiving portion located at the center of the pallets A and B is 100 mm.
９０90 mm. The width of one of the load receiving portions located at both ends of the pallet C is 50 to 45 mm, and the other is 5 to 45 mm.
0 to 55 mm. The width of all the other receiving parts of the pallets B and C is 65 mm, and the width of all the other receiving parts of the pallet A is 90 mm.

In the forklift corresponding to the pallet B, the distance between the forks is 95 mm (130 to 120 mm at the center). When the forklift corresponds to the pallet A, the handle H is rotated. As a result, the two forks (third and fourth counting from the left in the drawing) fixed to the mass block 5A and located at the center do not move, and the mass block 5B
Alternatively, two forks (second and fifth) fixed to 5C are moved outward by 25 mm, and two forks (first and sixth) located outside are moved outward by 5 mm.
By moving by 0 mm, the distance between the forks can be set to 120 mm (130 to 120 mm at the center).

FIGS. 5A to 5E are views for explaining the operation when the above-described fork movement is performed. That is, this figure shows that by moving the fork in the width direction, various scooping operations can be performed without the multi-row fork buffering the pallet receiving portion. FIG. 4A corresponds to FIG. 4A, and shows that a plurality of forks moved so as to increase the distance between the forks fit into the recesses of the pallet. FIG. 4B corresponds to FIG. 4B, and shows that a plurality of forks moved so as to reduce the distance between the forks fit into the recesses of the pallet. 4C and FIG. 4D correspond to FIG. 4C, and FIG.
(D) shows a case in which the load is picked up with three forks on the pallet of FIG. 3 while the load is shifted to the center by one fork to stabilize the center of gravity of the forklift. (E) is the same as (d) above with a width of 5
A load picked up from a 00mm pallet has a width of 10
This indicates that the product is to be unloaded on a 00 mm pallet. In the figure, the pallets are loaded on the center of the pallet in a state shifted by one mountain, but it is needless to say that the pallets can be unloaded to any position.

According to the present invention, since the fork can be moved in the width direction, a plurality of load receiving portions and a groove formed therebetween have an uneven shape in which the pallets are alternately repeated in the width direction. Regardless of the concavo-convex layout form, it is possible to cope with one forklift.

Since the mass blocks 5A, 5B, 5C fixed to the base end of the fork have considerable weight, the position of the center of gravity of the entire fork is shifted to the base of the forklift main body 1a. Can be stably moved, and blurring at the tip of the fork can be suppressed.

In addition, the structure of the fork moving mechanism is simple and does not occupy a large space, so that the whole forklift is not increased in size and weight, and there is an effect that there are few failures.

In the case of a multi-row fork, each fork and the groove of the pallet must be aligned, so that the fork and the groove are displaced or twisted in up, down, left, right, and horizontal directions. Because
It is conceivable to include a sensor for detecting the alignment state between the multi-row fork and the groove of the pallet, and a notifying unit for notifying the alignment state.However, a forklift equipped with such a sensor or the like has a problem. Further, the layout around the fork becomes difficult. However, according to the present invention, since the structure is compact, the layout design is easy.

In the above embodiment, a forklift having six forks has been described. However, it is needless to say that the present invention can be applied to a forklift having eight forks or a plurality of other forks. In the case of six forks, the movement of the fork is set to 25 mm and 50 mm. However, in the case of eight forks, the movement of the fork can be arbitrarily set to another value.

[0040]

As described above in detail, according to the present invention, the position of the fork in the width direction can be arbitrarily changed,
Thus, the present logistics system can be made effective, and the forklift equipped with a plurality of forks can perform stable fork movement with a simple structure.

[Brief description of the drawings]

FIG. 1 is a perspective view showing a forklift having a multi-row fork.

FIG. 2 is a perspective view showing a main part of FIG.

3 (a), 3 (b), 3 (c) are action explanatory views showing still further main parts of FIG. 2;

FIGS. 4 (a), (b), and (c) are model front views of a pallet to which the present invention is applied.

FIG. 5(A), (b), (c), (d), (e)
FIG. 3 is an operation explanatory view of the present invention.

FIGS. 6 (a), (b) and (c) are model front views showing a pallet developed by the present inventor.

[Explanation of symbols]

 F Fork H Handle 1a Forklift body 3 Rail 5A, 5B, 5C Mass block 13 Long bolt 15 Nut block 17B, 17C Boss

──────────────────────────────────────────────────続 き Continuation of the front page (72) Inventor Junzo Oike 2-1-1 Higashikami-shi, Nagaokakyo-shi, Kyoto, Japan Examiner in Japan Transport Aircraft Co., Ltd. Minoru Torii (56) References JP-A-63-191747 (JP, A) JP-A-7-315787 (JP, A) JP-A-59-80396 (JP, U) (58) Fields investigated (Int. Cl. ⁷ , DB name) B66F 9/14

Claims (5)

(57) [Claims] A plurality of load receiving portions extending in the front-rear direction and a groove formed therebetween are formed in an irregular shape which is alternately repeated in a width direction, and the load is transferred to one load receiving portion or two or more load receiving portions. Place the load on a pallet that can be placed across
Or a plurality of forks that scoop only the load placed on the pallet over one fork or two or more forks while leaving the pallet, and at least one of a mass block fixed to the base of the fork the a forklifts you can move in the width direction, are arranged in the width direction above or behind the mass block
A long bolt that can rotate around the axis
Nut block to be screwed and this nut block
And either above or behind the mass block
Projecting and moving less than the moving amount of the nut block.
A boss engaged so as to move with the forklift. 2. A plurality of load receiving portions extending in the front-rear direction and
A groove formed between the groove and the groove formed alternately in the width direction.
It is convex, and the cargo is received in one receiving section or two or more
Place the load on a pallet that can be placed across the
Or leave only the load placed on the pallet on the pallet
One fork or two or more forks
A plurality of forks for skimming
At least one of the mass blocks fixed to the base
A forklift capable of moving in the width direction, a long bolt arranged in the width direction above or behind the mass block and rotatable around an axis, and a nut block screw-connected to the long bolt A boss protruding from one of an upper portion and a rear portion of the nut block and the mass block and fixedly engaged so as to move with the same amount of movement as the nut block;
And either above or behind the mass block
Projecting and moving less than the moving amount of the nut block.
With full comprising the engaged with the boss to move Okurifuto. 3. A recess for engaging with the boss is formed in the mass block or the nut block, and a predetermined gap is formed between a width direction end face of the recess and a width direction end face of the boss. The forklift according to claim 1 or 2 , wherein 4. A forklift according to any one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that fine gap is formed between the mass block and nut block. 5. A reinforcing rib is formed between the mass block and the fork.
5. The forklift according to any one of items 4 to 4 .