JP3316933B2 - Sorting method of raw paddy in communal drying facility - Google Patents

Description

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

[0001]

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION The present invention relates to a method for evaluating the internal quality of raw rice received at a communal drying facility such as a rice center or a country elevator, and sorting the raw rice into storage tanks or the like based on the evaluation result. It relates to improvement of the method of sorting paddy.

[0002]

2. Description of the Related Art Conventionally, as a method for sorting raw rice of this kind, for example, a method described in Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 4-244245 is known. That is, in the conventional method, in a rice center, a country elevator, or the like, a sample extracted from received raw rice is slurried to obtain a brown rice sample, and the obtained brown rice sample is finely pulverized and dried to a specified moisture content. After reducing the value to a value, the taste evaluation of the brown rice sample is performed by near-infrared spectroscopy to determine the taste evaluation value, and raw rice is sorted based on the taste evaluation value of the obtained brown rice sample.

[0003]

However, such a conventional method has a problem that accurate taste evaluation cannot be performed unless a sample is dried to a specified moisture value. Further, in the drying operation of the sample, even if it is finished to near a certain moisture value (for example, 15%), there is a possibility that undried or overdried ones may be generated. in this way,
If the moisture value of the sample fluctuates, there is a problem that stable evaluation cannot be obtained.

Accordingly, an object of the present invention is to eliminate the need for drying a raw rice sample and to realize a quick and stable evaluation irrespective of the water content of the sample during measurement.

[0005]

In order to achieve the above object, the present invention is configured as follows. That is, the invention according to claim 1 is a method of comminuting dry rice such as a rice center, a country elevator, or the like, after finely crushing or crushing a raw rice sample extracted from received raw rice, and then processing the internal quality of the processed sample. Is an internal quality evaluation formula applicable to a moisture range consisting of a predicted upper limit value and a predicted lower limit value of moisture contained in a raw rice sample at the time of receipt, and knows at least the characteristics of the internal quality to be obtained.
Including the term and the term that knows the characteristics of moisture fluctuation, create an equation in which the internal quality evaluation value does not fluctuate depending on the amount of moisture, evaluate it by near-infrared spectroscopy using the internal quality evaluation equation, and based on the evaluation To sort the raw rice. The invention according to claim 2 is a rice drying center, in a communal drying facility such as a country elevator, after finely crushing or crushing raw rice samples extracted from received raw rice, the internal quality of the processed sample, A plurality of internal quality evaluation formulas applicable to the moisture range consisting of the predicted upper limit value and the predicted lower limit value of the moisture contained in the raw rice sample at the time of receipt, at least
Including terms to know the characteristics of the part quality and
In each case, from the equations in which the internal quality evaluation value does not fluctuate depending on the amount of moisture, an optimal one is selected according to the moisture value of the processed sample, and near infrared spectroscopy is performed using the selected internal quality evaluation equation. It is a method for sorting raw rice based on the evaluation and sorting the raw rice based on the evaluation.

[0006]

According to the first aspect of the present invention, the internal quality of a sample that has been pulverized or crushed is applied to a moisture range consisting of a predicted upper limit value and a predicted lower limit value of moisture contained in a raw rice sample at the time of receiving. One possible internal quality evaluation formula,
At least a term to know the characteristics of internal quality to be sought and water
Including a term that knows the characteristics of minute variation, a formula is created in which the internal quality evaluation value does not fluctuate depending on the amount of moisture , and this formula is used to evaluate by near-infrared spectroscopy. The internal quality of the raw rice sample extracted from the received raw rice can be evaluated without drying. The internal quality evaluation formula sets, for example, a predetermined moisture value (for example, 15%) for the sample, sets a moisture range including predetermined upper and lower limits around the moisture value, and belongs to the moisture range. This is a calibration curve prepared in advance by near-infrared spectroscopy using a sample whose component concentration is known. Moisture range considers upper and lower limits of moisture contained in raw paddy sample at the time of receiving (predicted)
And set.

According to the second aspect of the present invention, the internal quality of the sample that has been pulverized or crushed is calculated using a plurality of internal quality evaluation formulas .
It includes a term that knows the characteristics and a term that knows the characteristics of moisture fluctuation. <br/> Each is evaluated by near-infrared spectroscopy using an equation in which the internal quality evaluation value does not fluctuate depending on the amount of moisture. The internal quality of the raw rice sample extracted from the raw rice received in can be evaluated without drying. The internal quality evaluation formula is, for example, a water value of 12%, 1
Calibration curves are created at 5% and 18%, respectively. The optimum calibration curve is selected and evaluated based on the water content of the sample.

As described above, in the present invention, when evaluating the internal quality of a raw rice sample, the internal quality evaluation formula that is not affected by moisture or a plurality of internal quality evaluation formulas corresponding to the moisture value is used. Is no longer necessary,
Rapid and stable evaluation can be performed regardless of the water content of the sample during measurement.

[0009]

Next, an example of a communal drying facility to which the present invention is applied will be described with reference to FIG.

In FIG. 1, reference numeral 1 denotes a receiving hopper for receiving raw rice produced by a farmer, and the paddy put into the receiving hopper 1 is passed through a receiving elevator 2 to a roughing machine 3.
It is configured to stick to An automatic weighing machine 4 that automatically weighs the weight of the roughly selected paddy is connected to the outlet of the roughing machine 3.

The automatic weighing machine 4 is configured to guide the weighed paddy to the stowage elevator 6 and, at the time of weighing, extract (collect) a part thereof as a sample for measurement.
It is configured to lead to a quality evaluation device 7 described later. This quality evaluation device 7 is electrically connected to a central control processing device 8 that controls the entire cooperative drying facility. Further, a part of the sample extracted as described above is self-tested by the self-testing device 9 and then packed by the packaging device 10.

The end of the elevator 6 is connected to the starting ends of two sorting conveyors 11 and 12, respectively, and a plurality of storage tanks 1 are provided below the sorting conveyors 11 and 12.
3A to 13I are arranged. Sorting conveyors 11, 12
Is for sorting paddy into any one of the storage tanks 13A to 13I.

Below the outlets of the storage tanks 13A to 13I, two discharge / rotation conveyors 14 and 15 are provided. The ends of the discharge / rotation conveyors 14 and 15 are connected to a discharge / rotation elevator 16. And this elevator 1
The paddy discharged from the discharge port of No. 6 is the sorting conveyor 1
1. It is configured to be supplied to one of the sorting conveyor 12 or the relay tank 17.

The outlet of the relay tank 17 is connected to an elevator 18 for installing a dryer, and the outlet of the elevator 18 is connected to a dryer 19. The outlet of the dryer 19 is connected to an elevator 21 via a conveyor 20, and the outlet of the elevator 21 is connected to a finishing tank or a temporary storage tank (not shown).

Next, an example of the operation of the communal drying facility having such a configuration will be described below.

Now, when the received raw rice is put into the receiving hopper 1, it is supplied to the roughing machine 3 by the receiving elevator 2, where it is roughly sorted. The coarsely sorted raw rice is weighed by the automatic weighing machine 4 and then supplied to the filling elevator 6.

At the time of weighing by the automatic weighing machine 4, a part of the raw rice is extracted as a sample, and the sample is guided to the quality evaluation device 7. The raw unhulled sample supplied to the quality evaluation device 7 is finely pulverized as raw unhulled by a pulverizer attached to the device 7, and then the absorbance at each wavelength is determined by irradiation with near infrared rays. Then, from the obtained absorbance, the absorbance of a wavelength related to breakdown, which is a stickiness index, for example, is calculated as one of the internal quality evaluation factors. Furthermore, using the calculated absorbance, a predetermined moisture range (for example, when the moisture value is 12% to
Breakdown is measured by an internal quality evaluation formula (calibration curve) applicable to 18%).

When the breakdown of the raw rice, which is one of the internal quality evaluation factors, is measured in this way, the currently unloaded rice in the storage tanks 13A to 13I according to the measured value of the breakdown. The elevator 6 and the sorting conveyors 11 and 12 are controlled by the central control processor 8 so as to be inserted into the predetermined storage tank.

As described above, in the joint drying facility shown in FIG. 1, when the internal quality of the raw rice sample is evaluated by the quality evaluation device 7, it can be applied to a predetermined moisture range, for example, the moisture content is 12 to 18%. We decided to use the internal quality evaluation formula. Therefore, in the evaluation of the raw paddy sample, a sample drying operation and a device therefor are not required, and a quick and stable evaluation can be performed regardless of a little or variation in the water content of the sample at the time of receiving or measuring.

Next, an example of the configuration of the above-described quality evaluation device 7 will be described with reference to FIG.

The quality evaluation device 7 can be used for quality evaluation of raw materials such as wheat, corn, potato, sweet potato, banana and the like, and processed products thereof, in addition to the quality evaluation of paddy described above. The device 7 includes a spectroscopic device main body 31 composed of the components described below, and a detection unit 32 composed of the components described below.

The spectrometer main body 31 has a light source 33, a reflecting mirror 34, and a diffraction grating 36 driven by a diffraction grating driving motor 35 arranged as shown in FIG. It has a circuit 37.

The detecting unit 32 includes a mounting section 38 for mounting a sample container containing a sample to be measured at the time of measurement, and a transmitted light detector 3 for detecting transmitted light of the sample.
9 and a reflected light detector 4 for detecting reflected light from the sample
0. In the detection unit 32, when the transmitted light detector 39 detects transmitted light, a transparent sample container is mounted on the mounting portion 38, and when the reflected light detector 40 detects reflected light, A container having a reflective portion is used by mounting it on the mounting portion 38. In the above description, the apparatus is described as a so-called wavelength scanning type apparatus, but may be configured as a fixed wavelength type apparatus instead.

Next, a control processing system of the quality evaluation apparatus thus configured will be described with reference to FIG.

The input side of the control circuit 37 is connected to a transmitted light detector 39, a reflected light detector 40 and the like. further,
The output side of the control circuit 37 is connected to a light source 33, a diffraction grating driving motor 35, and the like. The control circuit 37 is connected to a CPU 41 of the computer via a communication input / output unit (not shown).
Connect to The CPU 41 performs various processes for quality evaluation as described later. In addition to the memory 42, a keyboard 43 as an input device and a display device 44 as an output device are connected to the CPU 41.

The quality evaluation device 7 having the above configuration can evaluate the internal quality of a sample extracted from received raw rice in a common drying facility when the sample is within a predetermined moisture range, for example, as described above. However, since it is necessary to create an internal quality evaluation formula (calibration curve) for the evaluation in advance, a method of creating the calibration curve will be described below with reference to FIG.

First, a sample of raw rice is collected for preparing a calibration curve. Now, the number n of collected samples is n = 1.
If the value is set to 00, the moisture value varies, and the accuracy is not improved even when the calibration curve is created by using the moisture value as it is. A similar problem occurs even if samples having different moisture values are collected.

Then, the collected sample
Adjust the water to 5-15.5%. Next, the sample is divided into two, and one of the samples is subjected to, for example, an amylograph manufactured by Brabender Inc. to measure a breakdown value as an index of stickiness. At this time, the raw rice sample is measured after being crushed, and the grain moisture is related to the crushed particle size.
Moisture values need to be averaged.

Next, for the other sample, the near-infrared spectrum in a water content of 15% section is measured as follows. That is, the raw rice sample to be measured is finely pulverized and filled into a sample container, for example, and then the sample container is mounted on the mounting unit 38 of the detection unit 32. Next, the spectroscopic device main body 31 and the detection unit 32 are brought into an operating state. Then, the near-infrared rays emitted from the light source 33 reach the diffraction grating 36 via the reflecting mirror 34, and are separated there before reaching the sample. Then, the reflected light from the sample is detected by the reflected light detector 40.

On the other hand, the wavelength of the near-infrared ray passing through the sample changes with the rotation of the diffraction grating 36, so that the reflected light detector 40 continuously detects a signal corresponding to the wavelength.
Next, based on the detection result of the reflected light detector 40, the absorbance (near infrared absorption spectrum) for each wavelength of near infrared is obtained. Subsequently, among the obtained absorbance, determine the absorbance at a wavelength which is indicative of the breakdown value, which is one of the internal quality.

Next, when the measurement is completed for a sample having a water content of 15%, the same sample whose measurement has been completed is further humidified to a water content of 18%. And the moisture is 1
Near-infrared absorption spectra are obtained for 100 samples at 8% in the same manner as described above. When the measurement is completed, the same sample after the measurement is further dried to 12% moisture, and the near-infrared spectrum is obtained in the same manner as described above for 100 samples at 12% moisture. In addition, the spectrum in the 18% section and the 12% section of the moisture value may be obtained by simulation using the moisture difference spectrum.

Subsequently, based on the data thus obtained, a calibration curve for measuring the breakdown value of the sample belonging to the moisture range of 12% to 18% is prepared. The calibration curve thus created has at least a term for knowing the characteristics of breakdown (absorbance at a wavelength of about 1800 nm) and a term for knowing the characteristics of moisture fluctuation (wavelength of 1940n).
m or absorbance around 1450 nm) and the correction term
It consists of two elements. The water content is 12%, 15%
The calibration curves for the plot and the 18% plot may be separately obtained.

When a sample having a known breakdown value was measured from the calibration curve thus obtained, the result shown in FIG. 5 was obtained. Comparing this with FIG. 6, which is the result obtained using a conventional calibration curve, it was confirmed that the measurement accuracy was good.

In the above description, the preparation of the calibration curve for measuring the breakdown value of the raw rice sample has been described. However, the quality evaluation device 7 described above is used for measuring the content of amylose or amylopectin in rice starch as well as the breakdown of rice, in other words, if the sample is in a predetermined moisture range, in other words, in the starch, Can also be measured.

In the measurement of the amylose content or the amylopectin content in the starch, a calibration curve is prepared in advance in the same manner as described above. Term (absorbance at a wavelength of about 1800 nm) and a term that knows the characteristics of moisture fluctuation (wavelength of 1940 nm or 14
(Absorbance around 50 nm) and a correction term.

As is clear from the above description,
According to the quality evaluation device 7, since the calibration curve applicable to a predetermined moisture range is used when evaluating the internal quality of agricultural products such as raw rice and rice and the processed product thereof, the moisture of the sample falls within the moisture range. If it is, an appropriate evaluation can be made regardless of the amount and dispersion of the moisture at the time of measurement.

Next, a description will be given of a near-infrared spectroscopic analyzer having a configuration similar to that shown in FIG.

Conventionally, in a near-infrared spectrometer, a calibration curve created by a reference device (master) is transferred to a different device (slave), and the transferred calibration curve is generally used by the slave. It is a target. However, when the slave unit is of a different manufacturer, for example, it is generally difficult to transfer the calibration curve created by the master unit to the slave unit in terms of measurement accuracy and the like. In order to solve such a problem, a procedure for transferring a calibration curve of a master unit as a reference to a slave unit of a different manufacturer will be described with reference to a flowchart of FIG.

First, in the master unit having a reference calibration curve,
The spectra of n calibration curve transfer samples are measured, and the target component value (measured value (1)) is determined from the measurement results using the calibration curve. Next, a calibration curve serving as a reference of the master unit is input to a computer of the slave unit (S1). Subsequently, the spectrum of the n calibration curve transfer samples is measured by the slave unit (S2).

Next, the measured value (1) obtained by the above-described measurement by the master unit is input to the computer of the slave unit (S).
3). Thereafter, using the calibration curve transferred from the master unit, the slave unit obtains the target component value (measured value (2)) from the spectrum measured in step S2 as described above (S2).
4).

By the way, the measured value (1) obtained by the master unit and the measured value (2) obtained by the slave unit are plotted on a graph. The value is above the solid line. However, in general, there is a deviation between the two measured values, and in this case, the equation in which the measured values are obtained is as follows.

Y '= αy + β where α is skew and β is bias.

Therefore, in order to compare the measured value (1) with the measured value (2) and determine whether or not the deviation is appropriate, skew, bias, and standard error are determined. Since they are good, they are calculated (S5). Then, the calculated skew, bias,
And whether or not each value of the standard error is appropriate (S
6). As a result, if the two measured values (1) and (2) match and are appropriate, the calibration curve need not be corrected, and the calibration curve is determined and displayed (S10).

On the other hand, if the above calculation result is inappropriate and needs to be corrected, it is determined whether or not coefficient correction of each item of the calibration curve transferred from the master unit is necessary (S7). After resetting the coefficient (S9), the calibration curve is determined and displayed (S10). On the other hand, when the coefficient correction is unnecessary, the wavelength of each item of the calibration curve is changed by a predetermined amount, and then the process returns to step S4, and these processes are repeated until the correction is completed.

According to the calibration curve transfer method described above, the wavelength of each item of the calibration curve is changed over a predetermined width to correct the calibration curve at the time of the transfer. It is possible to solve the measurement accuracy defect due to the mismatch of the wavelength axis (horizontal axis of the spectrum). Therefore, the calibration curve can be relocated not only for the same manufacturer but also for different near-infrared spectrometers, and the reliability of the measurement data can be improved.

Further, when the calibration curve is transferred from the wavelength scanning type apparatus to the fixed wavelength type apparatus, it can be used together with the detection failure of the accuracy of the main wavelength of the fixed filter. Can be improved.

[0047]

As described above, according to the first aspect of the present invention, the internal quality evaluation formula that is not affected by the moisture value of the raw rice sample is used in the internal quality evaluation of the raw rice sample, so that the sample does not need to be dried. In addition, quick and stable evaluation can be performed irrespective of the water content of the sample during measurement. According to the second aspect of the present invention, when the internal quality of the raw rice sample is evaluated, a type corresponding to the moisture value of the raw rice sample is selected from a plurality of internal quality evaluation formulas and used, so that drying of the sample becomes unnecessary. In addition, quick and stable evaluation can be performed regardless of the sample size or variation during measurement. As described above, in the present invention, the internal quality evaluation formula applicable to a predetermined moisture range is used in the internal quality evaluation of raw rice samples, so that drying of the sample is not necessary, and Rapid and stable evaluation can be performed regardless of the amount or variation of moisture.

[Brief description of the drawings]

FIG. 1 is a diagram showing a configuration example of a shared drying facility.

FIG. 2 is a diagram illustrating an example of a quality evaluation device.

FIG. 3 is a block diagram showing a control processing system of the apparatus.

FIG. 4 is a flowchart illustrating a procedure for creating a calibration curve applicable to a predetermined moisture range.

FIG. 5 is a graph showing an example of a measurement result based on the created calibration curve.

FIG. 6 is a graph showing an example of a measurement result using a conventional calibration curve.

FIG. 7 is a flowchart illustrating a method of transferring a calibration curve.

FIG. 8 is a diagram illustrating a comparative example of measured values obtained during the transfer.

[Explanation of symbols]

 DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1 Receiving hopper 7 Quality evaluation apparatus 8 Central control processing apparatus 11, 12 Sorting conveyor 13A-13I Storage tank

Continuation of the front page (56) References JP-A-64-6746 (JP, A) JP-A-63-313039 (JP, A) JP-A-63-246640 (JP, A) JP-A-63-241338 (JP, A) JP-A-4-160349 (JP, A) JP-A-3-255338 (JP, A) JP-A-3-201941 (JP, A) JP-A-2-271254 (JP, A) No. 15 (1982) p65-71, “Research Journal” Vol. 9, No. 4 (1986) p29-34 (58) Fields investigated (Int. Cl. ⁷ , DB name) G01N 21/00-21/01 G01N 21/17-21/61 G01N 33/10 Practical file (PATOLIS) Patent file (PATOLIS)

Claims (2)

(57) [Claims] At a communal drying facility such as a rice center or a country elevator, a raw rice sample extracted from received raw rice is finely crushed or crushed, and then the internal quality of the processed sample is measured at the time of receiving the raw rice. a one internal quality evaluation formula that can be applied to the moisture range of from the predicted upper limit value and the predicted lower limit of the moisture contained in the rice sample, small
At the very least, the term for the characteristics of the internal quality
A formula that includes a term that knows the characteristics of the dynamics is created so that the internal quality evaluation value does not fluctuate depending on the amount of moisture, and is evaluated by near-infrared spectroscopy using the internal quality evaluation formula. Sorting method of raw paddy to sort paddy. 2. In a communal drying facility such as a rice center or a country elevator, a raw rice sample extracted from received raw rice is finely crushed or crushed, and then the internal quality of the processed sample is measured at the time of receiving the raw rice. a plurality of internal quality evaluation formula that can be applied to the moisture range of from the predicted upper limit value and the predicted lower limit of the moisture contained in the rice sample, small
At the very least, the term for the characteristics of the internal quality
Including a term that knows the characteristics of the dynamics, each of the equations in which the internal quality evaluation value does not fluctuate depending on the amount of moisture, selects an optimal one according to the moisture value of the processed sample, and the selected internal quality evaluation equation And a method for sorting raw rice based on the evaluation using near infrared spectroscopy.