JP3311339B1 - Echinoderm exterminator and echinoderm extermination method - Google Patents

Abstract

Kind Code: A1 Abstract: A pesticidal agent capable of continuously exterminating echinoderms from its habitat without adversely affecting marine benthic organisms other than echinoderms, and a habitat for marine benthic organisms To provide a method for controlling echinoderms from creatures. SOLUTION: An echinoderm exterminator comprising sintered particles of magnesium oxide and calcium oxide containing calcium oxide in an amount in the range of 10 to 75% by mass, and an echinoderm exterminator inhabiting marine benthic organisms. A method for controlling echinoderms, which is arranged at or around an area (coral reef 1) or around an area where marine benthic organisms inhabit (coral reef 1), and then exterminates echinoderms that inhabit the area.

Description

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

[0001]

The present invention relates to a method for controlling echinoderms from the habitat of marine benthic organisms, and to a composition suitable for controlling the same.

[0002]

2. Description of the Related Art In seaweed beds, marine benthic animal (eg, clams and scallops) farms and coral reefs, feeding damage by echinoderms such as starfish and sea urchins has become a problem. For this reason,
Research has been conducted on methods of controlling echinoderms from seagrass beds, marine benthic animal farms or coral reefs without adversely affecting marine benthic organisms other than echinoderms.

[0003] In the North Water Trial Monthly Vol. 30, No. 11 (issued on November 30, 1973), strongly alkaline limes such as lime and slaked lime have an excellent killing effect on starfish and sea urchins. It has been reported. According to this research report, if 0.4 g of slaked lime is attached to starfish, the starfish can be killed with a high probability.

[0004] Strongly alkaline limes such as lime and slaked lime are considered to be effective in controlling echinoderms such as starfish and sea urchins. However, when slaked lime or quick lime is sprayed on the seabed, the temperature and pH around the lime rapidly increase.
Therefore, when spraying slaked lime or quicklime onto the seabed, it is necessary to sufficiently consider the effects on marine benthic organisms other than echinoderms. Also, slaked lime and quicklime change into calcium carbonate, which is hardly soluble in seawater, so that there is a problem that the effect of killing starfish is temporary.

[0005]

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION It is an object of the present invention to control echinoderms which can continuously eradicate echinoderms from their habitat without adversely affecting marine benthic organisms other than echinoderms. And methods of controlling echinoderms from habitats of marine benthic organisms.

[0006]

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION The present invention resides in an echinodermic pesticide comprising sintered particles of magnesium oxide and calcium oxide, containing calcium oxide in an amount in the range of 10 to 75% by mass. The echinodermic control agent of the present invention is effective against starfishes and sea urchins, especially starfishes, among echinoderms.

In the pesticidal composition of the present invention, 90% by mass or more of the sintered particles are preferably in a size of 0.1 to 500 mm, and the bulk density of the sintered particles is preferably 0.1 to 500 mm. It is preferably in the range of 1.0 to 3.5 g / cm ³ . Further, in the echinoderma pesticide of the present invention,
The sintered body particles may be separated from each other, or a plurality of sintered body particles may be bound in a lump by a binder.

[0008] The present invention also provides a method for controlling echinoderms of the following (1) to (3).

(1) A method for controlling echinoderms in which sintered particles of magnesium oxide and calcium oxide containing calcium oxide in an amount in the range of 10 to 75% by mass is arranged in the habitat of marine benthic organisms. .

(2) Echinoderms in which sintered particles of magnesium oxide and calcium oxide containing calcium oxide in an amount within the range of 10 to 75% by mass are arranged in and around the habitat of marine benthic organisms. How to get rid of.

(3) Around the habitat of marine benthic organisms,
Echinoderm, comprising sintering particles of magnesium oxide and calcium oxide containing calcium oxide in an amount in the range of 10 to 75% by mass, and then exterminating echinoderms living in the habitat of the marine benthic organisms How to get rid of animals.

In the echinoderm extermination method of the present invention, the habitat of a marine benthic organism means, for example, a seaweed bed, a cultivation ground for marine benthic animals (eg, clams such as clams and scallops) or a coral reef. . In addition, to dispose means to spray, or to install or fix.

[0013]

BEST MODE FOR CARRYING OUT THE INVENTION In the echinodermic pesticide of the present invention, sintered particles of magnesium oxide and calcium oxide (hereinafter referred to as MgO-CaO sintered) containing calcium oxide in a range of 10 to 75% by mass. Calcium oxide (alkaline component) eluted from the body particles) exerts an eradication (repellent) effect on echinoderms. The amount of calcium oxide contained in the MgO-CaO sintered body is preferably 20 to 6
It is in the range of 5% by mass, more preferably in the range of 35 to 65% by mass.

In the MgO-CaO sintered particles of the present invention,
Calcium oxide mainly exists between magnesium oxide crystal (periclase crystal) grains. For this reason, MgO-CaO
The amount of calcium oxide eluted from the sintered particles is smaller than that of quicklime or slaked lime. Therefore, even if the MgO-CaO sintered particles are sprayed on the seabed, changes in the surrounding environment (temperature and pH rise) are smaller than in the case of quick lime or slaked lime. In addition, calcium oxide existing between magnesium oxide crystal grains is not easily changed to calcium carbonate.
Therefore, the MgO—CaO sintered body particles continuously elute calcium oxide.

The MgO—CaO sintered particles of the present invention include natural dolomite clinker obtained by calcining natural dolomite, or a raw material of magnesium oxide (eg, magnesium hydroxide) and a raw material of calcium oxide (eg, calcium hydroxide). And magnesia calcia clinker (also referred to as maglime clinker) obtained by mixing and calcining can be advantageously used. Further, magnesia calcia clinker containing an iron component in which an iron component (Fe ₂ O ₃ ) is dissolved in magnesium oxide crystals can also be preferably used. Magnesia calcia clinker containing an iron component elutes a small amount of calcium oxide, but elutes calcium oxide over a long period of time, so that the eradication effect of echinoderms is maintained for a long time. When using a magnesia calcia clinker containing an iron component, the amount of the iron component is preferably in the range of 0.2 to 5% by mass. Magnesia calcia clinker containing an iron component can be produced by mixing magnesium hydroxide containing an iron component and calcium hydroxide and firing the mixture (see Japanese Patent Publication No. 1-38072).

The sintered particles of the MgO-CaO of the present invention have 90% by mass or more in a usual classifier such as a sieve.
Within the range of 0.1 to 500 mm (preferably 1 to 100 m
m).

The bulk density of the MgO-CaO sintered particles [0017] The present invention is preferably in the range of 1~3.5g / cm ^3, more preferably in the range of 2~3.5g / cm ³ is there.

The echinodermic pesticide of the present invention comprises a plurality of Mg
O-CaO sintered particles may be combined with a binder and used as a lump. Examples of the shape of the MgO-CaO sintered body particle aggregate include a spherical shape, an almond shape, a cubic shape, and a quadruped block shape. In addition, for the purpose of weight reduction, the inside of the MgO—CaO sintered body particle aggregate can be made hollow or a biodegradable resin can be filled inside.

Examples of the binder used for the MgO-CaO sintered body particle aggregate include inorganic substances such as cement (eg, magnesia cement) and resins such as biodegradable resins. The mixing ratio of the MgO-CaO sintered particles and the binder is usually 70% for the MgO-CaO sintered particles.
90 to 90% by mass (preferably 75 to 85% by mass), and the binder is 30 to 10% by mass (preferably 25 to 15% by mass).

The MgO—CaO sintered body particle aggregate may further contain an alkali agent such as magnesium hydroxide or calcium hydroxide, if desired.

Next, a method for controlling echinoderms using the echinoderma pesticide of the present invention will be described with reference to the accompanying drawings, taking, as an example, a coral reef, which is a problem of starvation by starfish.

FIG. 1 is a conceptual diagram of a sea area where a coral reef is formed as viewed from the sea. In the sea area 3 of FIG. 1, the coral reef 1 is formed offshore away from the land 4.

As a method for controlling starfish from the coral reef 1, there is a method in which the echinoderma pesticide of the present invention is directly sprayed on the coral reef 1. The amount of pesticide sprayed on coral reef 1
There is no particular limitation as long as it has no adverse effect on marine benthic organisms other than corals and echinoderms. Usually, it is in the range of 10 to 1000 g per 1 m ^{2 of} seabed area. There is no particular limitation on the method of spraying the pesticide, and for example, it may be sprayed on the sea surface. The pesticide is preferably sprayed in order from the center of coral reef 1 toward the outside so that the starfish is expelled from coral reef 1.

After the starfish inhabiting the coral reef 1 has been exterminated by spraying the pesticide, the pesticide is further sprayed around the coral reef 1 (hereinafter referred to as a boundary area) 2 to thereby remove the coral reef 1.
It is preferable to prevent starfish from entering the outside. It is preferable that the pesticide is applied to the boundary area 2 in a larger amount than the coral reef 1. The amount of the pesticide applied to the boundary area 2 is 100 per m ² of the seabed area of the boundary area 2.
g or more, preferably in the range of 1000 g to 5000 g. The width of the boundary area 2 is not particularly limited, but is usually in the range of 1 to 10 m in consideration of the effect of preventing starfish invasion and the time required for spraying.

As another method for controlling starfish from the coral reef 1, a pesticide is first installed on the seabed in the boundary area (around the coral reef 1) 2 so that the starfish does not enter the coral reef 1 from the outside. There is a method to capture echinoderms that live in Japan. This method is effective particularly when it is difficult to spray the pesticide due to the fact that the coral reef 1 has a deep water depth or the seawater flows fast. An example of a preferred arrangement when this pesticide is installed on the sea floor is shown in FIGS.
Shown in

FIG. 2 is a view showing a seabed 7 on which a mesh bag 5 containing a pesticide (not shown) is installed and fixed by an anchor 6. There is no particular limitation on the size of the mesh bag 5. For example, the length direction of the net bag when installed on the sea floor (the direction surrounding the coral reef)
May be 100 m or longer.

FIG. 3 and FIG. 4 show examples in which a massively formed pesticide is installed on the sea floor.

FIG. 3 is a view showing the seabed 7 on which the pesticides 8 formed in a cubic shape are stacked and installed in two stages. By installing the cubic pesticide 8 on the seabed 7, the gap between the pesticides can be reduced.

FIG. 4 is a diagram showing the seabed 7 in which spherical pesticides 9 having a relatively large diameter and spherical pesticides 10 having a relatively small diameter are alternately provided. By installing spherical pesticides having different diameters on the seabed 7, the gap between the pesticides can be reduced.

Although FIG. 1 has been described taking coral reefs formed offshore as an example, in the case of coral reefs generated along the coast, as shown in FIG. 5, the shape of land 4 may be used. It is possible.

The echinoderma pesticide of the present invention can be used in combination with other known chemical modifiers of lake or sea bottom chemical environment (hereinafter referred to as sediment modifiers). Examples of known sediment modifying agents that can be used in combination with the echinoderma pesticide of the present invention include clear water (a sediment improving agent mainly composed of magnesium hydroxide) sold by Ube Materials Co., Ltd. Lake bottom or sea bottom soil such as Clearwater H (a bottom sediment improver mainly composed of magnesium oxide) and calsanmarine (a bottom sediment improver mainly composed of calcium oxide) is made alkaline to remove sedimentary organic matter in the soil. Those that promote decomposition can be mentioned.

[0032]

EXAMPLES Hereinafter, the present invention will be described specifically with reference to Examples, but these do not limit the present invention. The bulk density described in the examples is a value measured as follows.

"JSPS 2. Measuring method of apparent porosity, apparent density and bulk density of magnesia clinker" determined by the 124th Committee of the Japan Society for the Promotion of Science
(Refractory Handbook, 1981 Edition, published by The Japan Refractory Technical Association) and calculated using the following formula.

Bulk density (g / cm ³ ) = W ₁ / (W ₃ −W ₂ ) × S W ₁ : dry weight of sample W ₂ : weight of sample saturated with kerosene in kerosene (g) W ₃ : Weight of sample saturated with kerosene (g) S: Density of kerosene at measurement temperature (g / cm ³ )

Example 1 Decarbonated seawater was mixed with Mg
An aqueous solution of FeSO ₄ was added so that the ratio of ions to Fe ions was 1.2 / 100 in terms of the mass of Fe ₂ O ₃ / MgO. Add Ca (OH) ₂ slurry to this seawater and add Mg
(OH) ₂ was produced, which was precipitated and concentrated, and washed with industrial water to obtain a Mg (OH) ₂ slurry. M obtained
g (OH) ₂ slurry and Ca (OH) ₂ slurry
/ 40/60 in terms of CaO mass.
The mixed slurry was filtered and dried to obtain a solid. This solid is fired at 1900 ° C. for 30 minutes to obtain MgO—Ca.
O sintered compact particles were obtained. The MgO—CaO sintered particles were classified using a sieve having an opening of 3 mm and a sieve having a diameter of 10 mm.
MgO-CaO sintered particles of 10 mm to 10 mm were obtained. Table 1 shows the bulk density and chemical composition of the obtained MgO-CaO sintered particles.

[0036]

Table 1 {Bulk density (g / cm ³ ) 3.40} ─────────────────────────── Chemical composition (%) MgO 38.49 CaO 60.31 Fe ₂ O ₃ 0.39 SiO ₂₀ .10 Al ₂ O ₃ 0.076 B ₂ O ₃ 0.024 °

[Evaluation and Results] The following evaluation model was used. (1) Observation of behavior of starfish in contact with MgO-CaO sintered particles Particles of seawater were placed in a water tank (width 52 cm, depth 32 cm, height 12 cm), and Mg produced in Example 1 was placed at the bottom four corners of the water tank.
O-CaO sintered particles were placed one by one. Next, three starfish were placed in the water tank. Table 2 shows the observation results of the behavior of the starfish after coming into contact with the MgO-CaO sintered body particles.

As a reference example, the MgO prepared in Example 1 was used.
-The same operation was performed except that the commercially available sediment improving agents shown in the following (1) to (3) were used instead of the CaO sintered body particles, and the behavior of the starfish after contacting them was observed. . The results are also shown in Table 2.

(1) Clearwater (a sediment improving agent containing magnesium hydroxide as a main component, manufactured by Ube Materials Co., Ltd.) (2) Clearwater H (a sediment improving agent containing magnesium oxide as a main component, Ube (3) Calsan marine (a bottom sediment improver containing calcium oxide as a main component, manufactured by Ube Materials Co., Ltd.)

[0040]

[Table 2] Table 2 ──────────────────────────────────── Sample After contact with sample Starfish behavior 離 れ Immediately separated from the sample produced in Example 1, After that, it was a MgO-CaO sintered body that did not approach the sample (the sample did not collapse even if it came in contact with starfish). ───────────── Reference example (1) Clear water Starfish walking on the sample and starfish immediately leaving the sample (2) Clearwater H stayed in contact with the sample (magnesium oxide-based sediment improving agent) (3) Calsanmarin Away from the sample and then approach the sample (calcium oxide was applied (the sample collapsed after contact with the starfish)). ─────────────────────

(2) Evaluation of Starfish Repellent Effect Using Bait (Clam) As shown in FIG. 6, a water tank 11 having a length of 100 cm, a width of 200 cm and a depth of 100 cm is divided into two sections A and B by a partition plate 12. Divided into two. 4 cm x 4 for partition plate 12
cm square wood was used. Mg produced in Example 1 in Section A
Twenty clams 16 were placed on the O-CaO sintered particles (not shown), and seven starfish 17 and three starfish 18 were placed in section B. During the evaluation, seawater was constantly supplied to section A. The seawater supplied to the section A overflows the section A and flows into the section B,
The water is discharged to the outside from the drain port 15 provided in the section B. A bucket 14 is installed in section A, and a pump 13
Was overflowed from the bucket 14 and flowed into the section A.

When the behaviors of the starfish and the starfish were observed for three weeks, the starfish and the starfish could not move to the section A, and ate each other. During this time, all clams placed in section A were normal.

As a reference example, the MgO prepared in Example 1 was used.
-The same operation was performed except that clear water (a bottom quality improving agent containing magnesium hydroxide as a main component) was used instead of the CaO sintered body particles. Three days after the start of the evaluation, the starfish and the starfish moved to the section A and ate clams.

Example 2 The MgO— produced in Example 1
80 parts by mass of CaO sintered body particles, magnesia cement 20
50 parts by mass and 100 g of magnesia cement
A milliliter amount of a magnesium chloride solution (degree of Baume: 25) was mixed. This composition was put in a mold and cured for 5 hours to obtain a cubic MgO—CaO sintered body particle aggregate. As a result of contacting the obtained lump with a starfish in seawater in the same manner as in Example 1, the starfish immediately separated from the lump and did not approach the sample.

[0045]

EFFECTS OF THE INVENTION The echinoderma pesticide of the present invention elutes calcium oxide (alkaline component) continuously in seawater. Therefore, by using the echinodermic control agent of the present invention, seaweed beds, cultivation sites such as clams and scallops or coral reefs can be protected from echinoderms for a long period of time. In addition, since the echinoderma pesticide of the present invention is mainly composed of calcium and magnesium contained in seawater, it does not easily adversely affect useful organisms such as seaweed, clams and scallops and corals.

[Brief description of the drawings]

FIG. 1 is a conceptual diagram of a sea area where a coral reef is formed offshore as viewed from the sea.

FIG. 2 is a conceptual diagram showing an example of the seabed on which the echinoderma pesticide of the present invention is installed.

FIG. 3 is a conceptual diagram showing another example of the seabed on which the echinoderma pesticide of the present invention is installed.

FIG. 4 is a conceptual diagram showing still another example of the seabed on which the echinoderma pesticide of the present invention is installed.

FIG. 5 is a conceptual diagram of a sea area where a coral reef is formed along the coast as viewed from the sea.

FIG. 6 is a plan view of a water tank used in the evaluation test of Example 1.

[Explanation of symbols]

 DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1 Coral reef 2 Boundary area 3 Sea area 4 Land 5 Landing net 6 Anchor 7 Ocean floor 8 Cubic-shaped echinoderm 9,10 Spherical echinoderm 11 Aquarium 12 Partition plate 13 Pump 14 Bucket 15 Drainage port 16 Clam 17 Starfish 18 Starfish

──────────────────────────────────────────────────続 き Continuation of the front page (72) Inventor Takayuki Watanabe 1985 Kogushi, Oji, Ube City, Yamaguchi Prefecture Inside Ube Materials Co., Ltd. (56) References JP-A-60-112666 (JP, A) JP-A-58- 23608 (JP, A) SHUMWAY, S.M. E. FIG. , Et. a l. , Effects of calcium oxide on non-taeget organismsin musclesel beds, Bull. Environ. Contam. Toxi cal. 1988, Vol. 40, No. 4 pp. 503-509 Akishi Nishimura and Masao Seki, Effects of Lime on Improvement of Aquaculture and Fishing Grounds, Journal of the Fisheries Society of Japan, Japan, 1983, Vol. 49, no. 3, pp. 353-358 (58) Field surveyed (Int. Cl. ⁷ , DB name) A01N 59/06 A01N 25/00 A01N 25/12 CA (STN) REGISTRY (STN) JICST file (JOIS)

Claims (7)

(57) [Claims] 1. An ectodermal control agent comprising sintered particles of magnesium oxide and calcium oxide, comprising calcium oxide in an amount in the range of 10 to 75% by mass. 2. 90% by mass or more of the sintered body particles are
2. The echinodermic control agent according to claim 1, wherein the size is in the range of 0.1 to 500 mm. 3. The sintered body particles have a bulk density of 1.0 to 3.
2. The method according to claim 1, wherein the amount is within a range of 5 g / cm ^3.
2. The echinoderma pesticide according to item 1. 4. The echinodermic control agent according to claim 1, wherein the plurality of sintered body particles are bound in a lump by a binder. 5. A method for controlling echinoderms, comprising sintering particles of magnesium oxide and calcium oxide containing calcium oxide in an amount in the range of 10 to 75% by mass in a habitat of a marine benthic organism. 6. A habitat for marine benthic organisms and its surroundings,
A method for controlling echinoderms comprising sintering particles of magnesium oxide and calcium oxide, comprising calcium oxide in an amount within the range of 10 to 75% by mass. 7. Sintered particles of magnesium oxide and calcium oxide containing calcium oxide in an amount in the range of 10 to 75% by mass are arranged around a habitat of a marine benthic organism, A method for controlling echinoderms that exterminates echinoderms that inhabit marine benthic areas.