JP3275410B2 - Heat pump type air conditioner for vehicles - Google Patents

Description

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

[0001]

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention The present invention relates to an air conditioner for heating a vehicle using a heat pump.

[0002]

2. Description of the Related Art A conventional air conditioner for a fuel-powered vehicle, for example, as shown in FIG. 3, has a cooling function in which a compressor 1 for compressing a refrigerant is driven by an engine and an outdoor heat exchange is performed. The refrigerant is condensed and liquefied by radiating heat to the vehicle exterior air by the heat exchanger 2 and the outdoor heat exchanger blower 3, and then the refrigerant is guided to the indoor heat exchanger 5 through the refrigerant expansion device 4, and the indoor blower 6 Thus, the air blown by the evaporator is evaporated while cooling, thereby performing a cooling operation.

In the heating operation, the compressor 1 is stopped, cooling water (warm water) of the engine flows through the heater core 15, and the air blown by the indoor blower 6 is heated.

The temperature of the air blown from the air outlets 10, 11, and 12 in the vehicle compartment is adjusted by adjusting the opening of a mix damper 16 disposed in a ventilation duct 20.
This is performed by adjusting the amount of warm air flowing through the heater core and the amount of cool air that bypasses the heater core 15. Further, the compressor 1 is driven by the engine, and the air cooled by the indoor heat exchanger 5 is reheated by the heater core 15 to perform dehumidifying heating. Further, by using the mix damper 16, it is possible to continuously change the blowing temperature from cooling to heating and vice versa.

On the other hand, a heat pump type air conditioner for driving a compressor by an electric motor, for example, an electric drive vehicle air conditioner is shown in FIG.
Shown in The cooling action is the same as described above, but the heating system does not have the cooling water (warm water) of the engine, so the refrigerant flow path is reversed by using the four-way switching valve 7 downstream of the compressor 1, and the indoor heat exchanger After the air blown by the indoor blower 6 is heated at 5 to condense and liquefy the refrigerant, the refrigerant is guided to the outdoor heat exchanger 2 through the refrigerant expansion device 4, where the air outside the vehicle is cooled. While the refrigerant absorbs heat and evaporates, heat pump heating is performed. Therefore, since there is no mix damper as in the air conditioner for a fuel-driven vehicle, the blowout temperature is adjusted by controlling the motor driving device 9 that drives the electric motor 8 to adjust the rotation speed of the compressor 1. Become. Switching between heating and cooling is performed by a four-way switching valve 7.
Is used to switch the refrigerant flow path.

However, the above-mentioned heat pump type air conditioner cannot perform dehumidifying heating. Therefore, as shown in FIG. 5, the above problem can be solved by providing the indoor heat exchanger 5 for cooling, providing the electric heater 25 for heating, and further providing the mix damper 16.

[0007]

In the heating of a vehicle for air conditioning, the humidity in the vehicle compartment often increases due to the moisture in the vehicle compartment or the like from the human body. When the humidity in the vehicle interior becomes high, the glass becomes cloudy and the visibility is obstructed, which is a problem in driving. In addition, the humid heat is felt in the heating, and the comfort is impaired.

Therefore, it is necessary to perform the dehumidifying and heating by configuring as shown in FIG. However, in this case, power consumption becomes extremely large because an electric heater is used. Therefore, in the case of an electric drive vehicle, if the power consumption of the air conditioner increases, the power consumption of the vehicle drive motor is reduced, which affects the running performance.

Accordingly, an object of the present invention is to provide a heat pump type air conditioner for a vehicle which can perform dehumidification and heating without requiring much electric power.

[0010]

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION According to the present invention, as a first means, in order to solve the above-mentioned problems, in a heat pump type air conditioner for a vehicle which heats at least by a heat pump, a refrigerant evaporation for evaporating a refrigerant during a heating operation. A first indoor heat exchanger acting as a heat exchanger, a refrigerant expansion device, and a second indoor heat exchanger acting as a refrigerant condenser for condensing refrigerant .
An outdoor heat exchanger serving as a refrigerant evaporator for evaporating the refrigerant , wherein the temperature of the first indoor heat exchanger is adjusted by the refrigerant expansion device, and the temperature of the second indoor heat exchanger is adjusted by the compressor. Dehumidifying and heating operation is possible by adjusting the rotation frequency.

The present invention, as a second means, solves the above-mentioned problems. In the first means, it is necessary to air-condition the vehicle interior based on at least the environmental conditions outside the vehicle interior, the environmental conditions inside the vehicle interior, and the operation information of the occupant. Means for calculating a proper heating capacity and a dehumidifying capacity to determine a refrigerant throttle amount and a rotation frequency of a compressor, and to output to each drive device.

According to the present invention, in order to solve the above-mentioned problems as a third means, in the second means, a humidity condition is included as a vehicle interior environment condition.

[0013]

According to the first means of the present invention, the temperature of the first indoor heat exchanger for cooling air is adjusted by the refrigerant expansion device,
Since the temperature of the second indoor heat exchanger that heats the air is adjusted by the rotation frequency of the compressor, the dehumidifying and heating operation that easily adjusts the blowing temperature can be performed , and the electric heater is not used.
Power consumption can be reduced.

According to the second means of the present invention, the heating capacity and dehumidifying capacity required for air conditioning in the vehicle compartment are calculated based on the environmental conditions outside the vehicle compartment, the environmental conditions in the vehicle compartment, and the operation information of the occupant, and the refrigerant throttle is operated. Since the air conditioner is provided with means for determining the amount and the rotation frequency of the compressor and outputting the determined result to each drive device, the air conditioning is automatically performed and a comfortable environment is achieved without manual labor.

According to the third means of the present invention, the humidity condition is included as the vehicle interior environment condition, so that the required dehumidifying capacity can be accurately calculated.

[0016]

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS FIG.

FIG. 1 shows a block diagram of a vehicle heat pump air conditioner according to a first embodiment of the present invention. Here, the difference from the configuration diagram of the vehicle heat pump type air conditioner provided with the conventional electric heater shown in FIG.
The difference is that the mix damper 16, the electric heater 25, and the electric heater adjusting device 26 are eliminated, and an indoor heat exchanger and a refrigerant expansion device are respectively added and the connection is partially changed as compared with the conventional example.

In the case of cooling operation, the four-way switching valve 7 is set as shown by the solid line in FIG. 1 and refrigerant discharged from the compressor 1 is guided to the outdoor heat exchanger 2 and blown by the outdoor heat exchanger blower 3 to be cooled. To condense. Here, the function of the first indoor heat exchanger 21 is stopped by squeezing the first refrigerant expansion device 23.

Next, the refrigerant is conveyed to the second indoor heat exchanger 22 through the refrigerant expansion device 24, and cools and evaporates the air blown by the indoor blower 6.

On the other hand, when operating with heating, the four-way switching valve 7 is set as shown by the broken line in FIG. The discharged refrigerant is guided to the second indoor heat exchanger 22 by the compressor 1. Next, the air blown by the indoor blower 6 is heated to condense and liquefy the refrigerant, carried to the outdoor heat exchanger 2 via the refrigerant expansion device 24, and blown by the outdoor heat exchanger blower 3. The air cools and evaporates. Here, as described above, the function of the first indoor heat exchanger 21 is stopped by restricting the first refrigerant expansion device 23.

When operating with dehumidifying heating, the first indoor heat exchanger 21 is also operated as compared with the case of operating with heating. The operation is as follows.

The four-way switching valve 7 is set as shown by the broken line in FIG. The discharged refrigerant is supplied to the second indoor heat exchanger 22 by the compressor 1.
The refrigerant is condensed and liquefied by heating the air blown by the indoor blower 6. Next, the refrigerant is conveyed to the outdoor heat exchanger 2 via the refrigerant expansion device 24 and cools and evaporates the air blown by the outdoor heat exchanger blower 3. On the other hand, the refrigerant is also conveyed to the first indoor heat exchanger 21 via the refrigerant expansion device 23 and cools and evaporates the air blown by the indoor blower 6.

At this time, the temperature of the first indoor heat exchanger 21 can be adjusted by the amount of throttle of the refrigerant expansion device 23, and the temperature of the second indoor heat exchanger 22 is determined by controlling the rotation speed of the compressor 1 by the electric motor. It can be adjusted with the device 9.

FIG. 2 shows a configuration diagram of a vehicle heat pump air conditioner according to a second embodiment of the present invention. Here, the difference from the configuration diagram of the heat pump air conditioner for a vehicle according to the first embodiment shown in FIG. 1 is that the embodiment of the present invention is different from the first embodiment in FIG. The difference is that a unit 28, a vehicle exterior environment condition detection device 29, and a vehicle interior environment condition detection device 30 are added.

The operation information of the occupant is transmitted from the operation unit 28, the environmental condition outside the vehicle cabin is detected from the external environmental condition detecting device 29, and the environmental condition in the vehicle cabin is transmitted from the vehicle environmental condition detecting device 30 to the control device 27.
Is input to Based on the above information, the control device 27 first determines whether cooling or heating is to be performed based on the temperature outside the vehicle compartment, the temperature inside the vehicle compartment, the amount of solar radiation, and the set temperature, and outputs it to the four-way switching valve 7. In the case of heating, the heating capacity required for vehicle interior air conditioning
Calculation is performed based on the vehicle interior temperature, the amount of solar radiation, and the set temperature, the rotational frequency of the compressor is determined, and the result is output to the electric motor driving device 9. On the other hand, whether or not dehumidification is necessary is determined based on the temperature outside the vehicle compartment. When dehumidification is required, the required dehumidification capacity is estimated and calculated based on the temperature outside the vehicle compartment to determine the amount of refrigerant restriction, and the first refrigerant restriction device 23 is used.
Output to Also, if necessary, the second refrigerant expansion device 24
Also output to.

Here, when humidity is also detected as the vehicle interior environment condition, the required dehumidification capacity can be directly calculated, and the accuracy can be improved as compared with the case where the determination is made only from the vehicle exterior temperature.

In the control procedure, first, the necessary heating capacity is determined to adjust the motor driving device 9, and then the necessary dehumidifying capacity is determined to adjust the throttle amount of the refrigerant throttle device 23. It's easy to do.

Various arrangements, such as the arrangement, the number, and the configuration of the heat exchangers, are possible as long as the gist of the present invention is satisfied.

[0029]

According to the first means of the present invention, the second means for heating air separately from the first indoor heat exchanger for cooling air.
Since the indoor heat exchanger is provided and the heating is performed by a heat pump instead of the electric heater, the electric power for heating can be reduced.
However, when the blow-out temperature is adjusted using the mix damper, when the mix damper is closed, the air supply to the second indoor heat exchanger that functions as a refrigerant condenser for condensing the refrigerant is shut off, and the high pressure of the refrigerant circuit sharply increases. Therefore, the protection function is activated and the compressor is stopped, so that it is difficult to actually adjust the blowing temperature. Therefore, in the means of the present invention,
The temperature of the first indoor heat exchanger that cools the air is adjusted by the refrigerant expansion device, and the temperature of the second indoor heat exchanger that heats the air is adjusted by the rotation frequency of the compressor to provide a protection function. The operation can be prevented and the blowing temperature can be easily adjusted.

According to the second aspect of the present invention, the heating capacity and the dehumidifying capacity required for air conditioning in the vehicle compartment are calculated based on the environmental conditions outside the vehicle compartment, the environmental conditions in the vehicle compartment, and the operation information of the occupant, and the refrigerant throttle is operated. Since the air conditioner is provided with means for determining the amount and the rotation frequency of the compressor and outputting the determined result to each drive device, the air conditioning is automatically performed and a comfortable environment is achieved without manual labor.

According to the third aspect of the present invention, since the humidity condition is included as the vehicle interior environment condition, the necessary dehumidifying capacity can be accurately calculated.

[Brief description of the drawings]

FIG. 1 is a configuration diagram of a vehicle heat pump air conditioner according to a first embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 2 is a configuration diagram of a vehicle heat pump air conditioner according to a second embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 3 is a configuration diagram of a conventional fuel-engine-driven automobile air conditioner.

FIG. 4 is a configuration diagram of a conventional vehicle heat pump air conditioner.

FIG. 5 is a configuration diagram of a conventional heat pump air conditioner for a vehicle provided with an electric heater.

[Explanation of symbols]

 Reference Signs List 2 outdoor heat exchanger 4 refrigerant throttle device 5 indoor heat exchanger 27 control device 28 operation unit 29 vehicle exterior environment condition detection device 30 vehicle interior environment condition detection device

──────────────────────────────────────────────────続 き Continued on the front page (58) Field surveyed (Int.Cl. ⁷ , DB name) B60H 1/22 B60H 3/00 F25B 29/00

Claims (3)

(57) [Claims] 1. A heat pump air conditioner for a vehicle which heats at least by a heat pump, wherein the first indoor heat exchanger serving as a refrigerant evaporator for evaporating the refrigerant, a refrigerant throttle device, and a refrigerant condenser for condensing the refrigerant. A second indoor heat exchanger that works and a refrigerant evaporator that evaporates the refrigerant
An outdoor heat exchanger, the temperature of the first indoor heat exchanger is adjusted by the amount of throttle of the refrigerant expansion device, and the temperature of the second indoor heat exchanger is adjusted by the rotation frequency of the compressor. On the thing
A heat pump air conditioner for a vehicle, wherein a dehumidifying and heating operation is performed . A heating capacity and a dehumidifying capacity required for air conditioning of the vehicle interior are calculated based on at least the environmental conditions outside the vehicle interior, the environmental conditions inside the vehicle interior, and the operation information of the occupant, and the amount of throttle of the refrigerant and the rotation frequency of the compressor are calculated. 2. A heat pump air conditioner for a vehicle according to claim 1, further comprising means for determining and outputting to each drive device. 3. The heat pump air conditioner for a vehicle according to claim 2, wherein humidity conditions are included in the vehicle interior environment conditions.