JP3273399B2 - Electrophotographic photoreceptor - Google Patents

Description

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

[0001]

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention The present invention relates to an electrophotographic photosensitive member, and more particularly, to an electrophotographic photosensitive member containing a specific compound in a photosensitive layer.

[0002]

2. Description of the Related Art Conventionally, inorganic materials such as selenium, cadmium sulfide, and zinc oxide have been used as a photoconductive material of a photoreceptor used in an electrophotographic system.
Here, the term "electrophotographic method" generally means that a photoconductive photoreceptor is first charged in a dark place, for example, by corona discharge, and then subjected to image exposure to selectively dissipate the charge of only the exposed portion. An electrostatic latent image is obtained, and the latent image portion is developed and visualized with fine particles (toner) composed of a coloring material such as a dye or a pigment and a binder such as a polymer substance to form an image. This is one of the image forming methods used.

The basic characteristics required of a photoreceptor in such an electrophotographic method include (1) being able to be charged to an appropriate potential in a dark place, (2) being small in electric charge dissipation in a dark place, (3) Charges can be quickly dissipated by light irradiation.

[0004] The above-mentioned inorganic substances have many advantages and also have various disadvantages. For example, selenium, which is widely used at present, satisfies the above conditions (1) to (3), but the production conditions are difficult, the production cost is high, there is no flexibility, and the selenium is processed into a belt shape. It also has drawbacks in that it is difficult to handle, and is sensitive to heat and mechanical shocks, and requires careful handling. Cadmium sulfide and zinc oxide are used as photoreceptors by dispersing them in a resin as a binder.However, due to mechanical defects such as smoothness, hardness, tensile strength, and abrasion resistance, they are repeatedly used as they are. Can not be used.

In recent years, electrophotographic photoreceptors using various organic substances have been proposed to eliminate the disadvantages of these inorganic substances, and some of them have been put to practical use. For example, a photoreceptor comprising poly-N-vinylcarbazole and 2,4,7-trinitrofluoren-9-one (U.S. Pat.
84237), a photoreceptor obtained by sensitizing poly-N-vinylcarbazole with a pyrylium salt-based dye (described in JP-B-48-25658), and a photoreceptor containing an organic pigment as a main component (see JP-B-48-25658). JP-A-47-37543), a photoreceptor containing a eutectic complex composed of a dye and a resin as a main component (described in JP-A-47-10735), and dye-sensitized triphenylamine compound. (US Pat. No. 3,180,730), a photoreceptor using an amine derivative as a charge transport material (JP-A-57-195254), and poly-N-vinylcarbazole and an amine derivative as charge transport materials Photoreceptor used (Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 58-11 / 1983)
55, a photoconductor using a benzidine compound among polyfunctional tertiary amine compounds as a photoconductive material (US Pat. No. 3,265,496, JP-B-39-11546, JP-A-53-27033). ). Although these photoreceptors have excellent properties and are considered to be of high practical value, in electrophotography, considering various requirements for photoreceptors, these requirements are still insufficient. In fact, it is not possible to obtain anything satisfying the above conditions.

On the other hand, a photoreceptor using a compound having a carbonate group as a photoconductive material is disclosed in US Pat.
No. 1,517, No. 4,806,443, No. 4,80
No. 6,444, JP-A-3-221522 and JP-A-4-221.
No. -11627. However, since the compound having a carbonate group used in these photoconductors is a high molecular compound, a purification method for obtaining sufficient purity required for the photoconductive material used in the photoconductor, for example, column chromatography, recrystallization, etc. It has a drawback that crystallization, distillation, sublimation purification and the like cannot be easily performed.
Therefore, the photoreceptor using these polymer photoconductive materials cannot sufficiently remove the impurities contained therein, and thus may not be able to satisfy the above-mentioned requirements.

[0007] A photoreceptor in which a low molecular weight photoconductive material is dissolved and dispersed in a binder resin solution and cast to form a photosensitive layer is widely used. However, when the photosensitive layer is formed by mixing the above polymer photoconductive material with another binder resin, depending on the binder resin, the resin mixed solution is liable to cause whitening (gelation) or layer separation, and a uniform photosensitive layer is obtained. However, there is a problem of adverse effects on electrostatic characteristics and deterioration of durability.

Further, Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. Hei 3-221522 discloses that when a photosensitive layer is formed solely by using a polymer photoconductive material, whitening (gelation) of a coating solution, partial crystallization of the photosensitive layer, and cracks are caused. ) Is described, and in order to solve the problem, it is necessary to adjust the copolymerization ratio and the viscosity.

[0009]

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION An object of the present invention is to provide a photoreceptor which can solve the above-mentioned various disadvantages of the conventional photoreceptor and can sufficiently satisfy the conditions required in electrophotography. It is in. It is a further object of the present invention to provide an electrophotographic photoreceptor which is easy to manufacture, relatively inexpensive, and has excellent durability.

[0010]

According to the present invention, there is provided a conductive support having a photosensitive layer containing at least one of the carbonate compounds represented by the following general formula (I) as an active ingredient. An electrophotographic photoconductor is provided.

Embedded image

In the present invention, the carbonate compound represented by the general formula (I) (Chemical formula 1) to be contained in the photosensitive layer is, for example, a compound represented by the general formula (II) (Chemical formula 2)

Embedded image (Wherein R ₁ , R ₂ , Y, m and n are the same as those described above) and the following general formula (III)

Embedded image (X is the same as described above).

Next, the carbonate compound represented by formula (I) (formula 1) will be described in more detail. In the general formula (I) (Formula 1), specific examples of R ¹ , R ² , Y and X include:
Alternatively, the following can be mentioned as the substituents.

(1) halogen atom; fluorine, chlorine, odor
Element, iodine. (2) a cyano group (-CN). (3) nitro group. (4) methylenedioxy group, methylenedithio group(5) alkyl group (-R^Five): Preferably C₁~ C₁₂When
Rikari C₁~ C₉And more preferably C₁~ C_FourStraight chain or
Are branched chain alkyl groups; these alkyl groups are
And a fluorine atom, a hydroxyl group, a cyano group, C₁~ C_FourArco
Xy group, phenyl group or halogen atom, C₁~ C_FourAl
Kill group or C₁~ C_FourSubstituted with an alkoxy group of
It may contain a phenyl group. Specifically, a methyl group,
Ethyl group, n-propyl group, i-propyl group, t-butyl
Group, s-butyl group, n-butyl group, i-butyl group,
Trifluoromethyl group, 2-hydroxyethyl group, 2-si
Anoethyl group, 2-ethoxyethyl group, 2-methoxyethyl
Butyl, benzyl, 4-chlorobenzyl, 4-methyl
Benzyl group, 4-methoxybenzyl group, 4-phenyl
Benzyl group and the like. (6) alkoxy group (-OR^Five); R^FiveIs defined in (5)
Represents an alkyl group. Specifically, methoxy group, eth
Xy group, n-propoxy group, i-propoxy group, t-butyl
Toxyl group, n-butoxy group, s-butoxy group, i-butoxy
Xy group, 2-hydroxyethoxy group, 2-cyanoethoxy
Si group, benzyloxy group, 4-methylbenzyloxy
Group, trifluoromethoxy group and the like. (7) aryl group (-Ar^Three): Carbocyclic or heterocyclic
A cyclic aromatic group; specifically, a carbocyclic aromatic group
As a phenyl group, a biphenyl group, a terphenyl group,
Monovalent group of cyclophane, pentalenyl group, indenyl
Group, naphthyl group, azulenyl group, heptalenyl group, bif
Phenylenyl group, as-indacenyl group, fluorenyl
Group, s-indacenyl group, acenaphthylenyl group, prey
Adenyl group, acenaphthenyl group, phenalenyl group,
Nanthryl, anthryl, fluoranthenyl,
Cephenanthrenyl, aceanthrenyl, tri
Phenylenyl, pyrenyl, chrysenyl, and naph
Tacenyl group and the like, and as the heterocyclic aromatic group,
Pyridyl group, pyrimidyl group, pyrazinyl group, triazini
Group, furyl group, pyrrolyl group, thienyl group, quinolyl
Group, coumarinyl group, benzofuranyl group, benzinidazo
Ryl group, benzoxazolyl group, dibenzofuranyl group,
Benzothienyl group, dibenzothienyl group, indolyl
Group, carbazolyl group, pyrazolyl group, imidazolyl group,
Oxazolyl group, isoxazolyl group, thiazolyl group,
Indazolyl group, benzothiazolyl group, pyridazinyl
Group, cinnolinyl group, quinazolinyl group, quinoxalyl
Group, phthalazinyl group, phthalazinedionyl group, chromoni
, Naphtho rectonyl, quinolonyl, o-sulfur
Imidyl benzoate, imidyl maleate, naphtha
Lysinyl group, benzimidazolonyl group, benzoxazo
Ronyl group, benzothiazolonyl group, benzothiazothioni
Group, quinazolonyl group, quinoxalonyl group, phthalazoni
Group, dioxopyrimidinyl group, pyridonyl group,
Noronyl group, isoquinolyl group, isothiazolyl group, ben
Diisoxazolyl group, benzisothiazolyl group,
Dazolonyl group, acridinyl group, acridonyl group, quina
Zolindionyl group, quinoxalinedionyl group, benzoo
Xazazine dionyl group, benzoxazinyl group, naphthal
Imidyl group, tetrahydrofuryl group, tetrahydrothier
Nil, piperazino, piperazinyl and pyrrolidini
And the like. (8) aryloxy group (—OAr^Three): Ar^ThreeIs (7)
Represents an aryl group defined in. Specifically, phenoxy
Group, 1-naphthyloxy group, 2-naphthyloxy group, 4
-Methylphenoxy group, 4-methoxyphenoxy group, 4
-Chlorophenoxy group, 6-methyl-2-naphthyloxy
And the like. (9) alkylthio group (-SR^Five): R^FiveIs defined in (2)
Represents an alkyl group. Specifically, methylthio group, d
Examples include a thiothio group and a benzylthio group. (10) A
Reelthio group (-SAr^Three): Ar^ThreeIs defined in (7)
Represents an aryl group. Specifically, phenylthio group, tri
And a luthio group and a naphthylthio group. A kill group, an aryl group defined in (7),⁶When
R⁷May together form a ring. Specifically amino
Group, dimethylamino group, diphenylamino group, ditolyl
Amino group, piperidino group, morpholino group, euroridino
Group, carbazolyl group and the like. (12) Arylene group (-Ar^Four-): Explained in (7)
And a carbocyclic or heterocyclic aromatic divalent group.
You. Specifically, phenylene group, biphenylene group, naphthy
A len group, a methylphenylene group, 9,9-dimethyl-2,
7-fluorenylene group, thiophene-2,5-diyl group
Is mentioned.

Hereinafter, specific examples of the compound represented by formula (I) used in the present invention will be shown.

[0015]

[Table 1- (1)]

[0016]

[Table 1- (2)]

[0017]

[Table 1- (3)]

[0018]

[Table 1- (4)]

[0019]

[Table 1- (5)]

The photoreceptor of the present invention comprises one or more of the above carbonate compounds in the photosensitive layer 2 (2 ′,
2 '', 2 '''or2'''')
Depending on how these carbonate compounds are applied, FIG.
It can be used as shown in FIG. 2, FIG. 3, FIG. 4 or FIG.

The photoreceptor shown in FIG. 1 has a conductive support 1 on which a photosensitive layer 2 composed of a carbonate compound, a sensitizing dye and a binder (binder resin) is provided. The carbonate compound here acts as a photoconductive substance, and the generation and transfer of charge carriers required for light decay are performed through the carbonate compound. However, since the carbonate compound has almost no absorption in the visible region of light, it is necessary to sensitize by adding a sensitizing dye having absorption in the visible region for the purpose of forming an image with visible light. .

The photoreceptor shown in FIG. 2 has a photosensitive layer 2 ′ in which a charge generating substance 3 is dispersed in a charge transporting medium 4 composed of a carbonate compound and a binder on a conductive support 1. is there. The carbonate compound here forms a charge carrier with the binder (or binder and plasticizer), while the charge generating material 3 (a charge generating material such as an inorganic or organic pigment) generates charge carriers. In this case, the charge transport medium 4 is mainly responsible for receiving and transporting charge carriers generated by the charge generating substance 3. In this photoreceptor, the basic condition is that the charge generating substance and the carbonate compound do not overlap in the absorption wavelength region mainly in the visible region. This is because it is necessary to transmit light to the surface of the charge generating material 3 in order to efficiently generate charge carriers in the charge generating material 3. The carbonate compound represented by the general formula (I) has almost no absorption in the visible region, generally absorbs light in the visible region, and is particularly effective as a charge transport material when combined with the charge generation material 3 which generates a charge carrier. The feature is that it works.

The photosensitive member shown in FIG. 3 is a photosensitive layer 2 '' comprising a conductive support 1 and a charge generating layer 5 mainly composed of a charge generating substance 3 and a charge transport layer 4 containing a carbonate compound. Is provided. In this photoconductor,
The light transmitted through the charge transport layer 4 reaches the charge generation layer 5, where charge carriers are generated in the region.
Receives injection of charge carriers and transports the charge carriers. Generation of charge carriers necessary for light attenuation is performed by the charge generating substance 3, and transport of the charge carriers is performed by the charge transport layer 4 (mainly a carbonate compound). Work). Such a mechanism is the same as that described for the photoconductor shown in FIG.

The photosensitive member shown in FIG.
And the charge transport layer 4 containing a carbonate compound is reversed in the stacking order, and the mechanism of generation and transport of the charge carriers can be the same as described above. In this case, a protective layer 6 can be provided on the charge generation layer 5 as shown in FIG. 5 in consideration of mechanical strength.

To actually produce the photoreceptor of the present invention, FIG.
In the case of the photoreceptor shown in (1), one or more of the carbonate compounds are dissolved in a solution in which a binder is dissolved, and a solution is prepared by further adding a sensitizing dye thereto.
What is necessary is just to apply | coat on top and dry, and to form the photosensitive layer 2.

The thickness of the photosensitive layer is 3 to 50 μm, preferably 5 to 20 μm. The amount of the carbonate compound in the photosensitive layer 2 is 30 to 70% by weight, preferably about 50% by weight.
And the amount of the sensitizing dye in the photosensitive layer 2 is 0.1 to 5% by weight, preferably 0.5 to 3% by weight. Examples of sensitizing charges include triarylmethane dyes such as brilliant green, Victoria Blue B, methyl violet, crystal violet, and acid violet 6B, rhodamine B, rhodamine 6G, rhodamine G extra, eosin S, erythrosin, rose bengal, and fluorescein. Such as xanthene dyes, thiazine dyes such as methylene blue, cyanine dyes such as cyanine, 2,6-diphenyl-4- (N, N-dimethylaminophenyl) thiapyrylium perchlorate, and benzopyrylium salts (Japanese Patent Publication No. Sho 48) 25658)) and the like. These sensitizing dyes may be used alone or in combination of two or more.

Further, in order to produce the photoreceptor shown in FIG. 2, fine particles of the charge generating substance 3 are dispersed in a solution in which one or more carbonate compounds and a binder are dissolved, and this is made into a conductive material. What is necessary is just to apply | coat on the support body 1, and to dry and to form the photosensitive layer 2 '.

The thickness of the photosensitive layer 2 'is 3 to 50 μm, preferably 5 to 20 μm. The amount of the carbonate compound in the photosensitive layer 2 'is 10 to 95% by weight, preferably 30 to 90% by weight, and the amount of the charge generating substance 3 in the photosensitive layer 2' is 0.1 to 50% by weight. Preferably 1
-20% by weight. Examples of the charge generating substance 3 include inorganic pigments such as selenium, selenium-tellurium, cadmium sulfide, cadmium sulphide-selenium, and α-silicon, and examples of the organic pigments include CI Pigment Blue 25 (color index CI 21180) and CI Pigment Red 41. (CI 21200), CI Acid Red 52 (CI 45100), CI Basic Red 3 (CI45210), azo pigments having a carbazole skeleton (described in JP-A-53-95033), azo pigments having a distyrylbenzene skeleton ( JP-A-53-
133445), azo pigments having a triphenylamine skeleton (described in JP-A-53-132347), azo pigments having a dibenzothiophene skeleton (described in JP-A-54-21728), oxadiazole skeleton Azo pigments having a fluorenone skeleton (described in JP-A-54-22834), azo pigments having a bis-stilbene skeleton (described in JP-A-54-17732) Azo pigments having a distyryl oxadiazole skeleton (described in JP-A-54-2129) and azo pigments having a distyryl carbazole skeleton (described in JP-A-54-14).
Azo pigments such as C.I. Pigment Blue 16 (CI 74100), such as C.I.
(CI73410), sea butt die (CI73
030) and other indigo pigments, Argo Scarlet B
(Manufactured by Bayer AG) and perylene pigments such as Indance Scarlet R (manufactured by Bayer AG).
These charge generating substances may be used alone or in combination of two or more.

Further, in order to produce the photoreceptor shown in FIG. 3, a charge-generating substance is vacuum-deposited on the conductive support 1 or more, or a fine particle 3 of the charge-generating substance is dissolved in a binder if necessary. Coating and drying, and further, if necessary, surface finishing and film thickness adjustment by a method such as buffing, and the like.
Is formed, and a solution in which one or more carbonate compounds and a binder are dissolved is applied thereon and dried to form the charge transport layer 4. Here, the charge generation material used for forming the charge generation layer 5 is the same as that described in the description of the photosensitive layer 2 ′.

The thickness of the charge generation layer 5 is 5 μm or less, preferably 2 μm or less, and the thickness of the charge transport layer 4 is 3 to 50 μm.
μm, preferably 5 to 20 μm is suitable. In the type in which the charge generation layer 5 has the fine particles 3 of the charge generation layer material dispersed in a binder, the ratio of the fine particles 3 of the charge generation material to the charge generation layer 5 is preferably 10 to 95% by weight. Is about 50 to 90% by weight. The charge transport layer 4
Is 10 to 95% by weight, preferably 3% by weight.
0 to 90% by weight. To prepare the photoreceptor shown in FIG. 4, a solution in which a carbonate compound and a binder are dissolved is applied on the conductive support 1 and dried to form the charge transport layer 4. The charge generation layer 5 may be formed by applying and drying a dispersion of fine particles of the charge generation layer material in a solvent in which a binder is dissolved, if necessary, by a method such as spray coating. The amount ratio of the charge generation layer or the charge transport layer is the same as that described in FIG. The photoreceptor shown in FIG. 5 can be prepared by further forming a protective layer 6 on the thus-obtained photoreceptor charge generation layer 5 by a method such as spray coating. As the resin used here, a binder described later can be used.

In the production of any of these photoconductors, a metal plate or a metal foil such as aluminum, a plastic film on which a metal such as aluminum is deposited, or a paper subjected to a conductive treatment is used for the conductive support 1. Can be Examples of the binder include condensation resins such as polyamide, polyurethane, polyester, epoxy resin, polyketone, and polycarbonate; and vinyl polymers such as polyvinyl ketone, polystyrene, poly-N-vinylcarbazole, and polyacrylamide. All insulating and adhesive resins can be used. If necessary, a plasticizer is added to the binder. Examples of such a plasticizer include halogenated paraffin, polychlorinated biphenyl, dimethylnaphthalene, and dibutylphthalate.

Further, the photosensitive member obtained as described above may be provided with an adhesive layer or a barrier layer between the conductive support and the photosensitive layer, if necessary. Materials used for these layers include polyamide, nitrocellulose,
Aluminum oxide and the like, and the film thickness is preferably 1 μm or less. To make a copy using the photoreceptor of the present invention,
After the photosensitive surface is charged and exposed, development is performed and, if necessary, transfer to paper or the like. The photoreceptor of the present invention has excellent advantages such as high sensitivity and high flexibility.

[0033]

The present invention will be described below with reference to examples. In the following examples, all parts are parts by weight.

[Compound specific example No. Synthesis example of (9)]
3.66 g (10.0 mmol) of N, N-bis (4-methylphenyl) -4'-hydroxy-4-biphenylamine
l) and 1.55 g (12.0 mmol) of quinoline were dissolved in 15 ml of dichloromethane, and 1.72 g (11.0 mmol) of phenyl chloroformate was added thereto under a nitrogen stream.
l) 10 ml of dichloromethane solution was added dropwise at room temperature over 15 minutes, and the mixture was further stirred for 3.5 hours. After completion of the reaction, the content was washed with water using a separating funnel, dried over magnesium sulfate, and concentrated under reduced pressure to obtain a pale green oil. This was treated with a silica gel column [eluent: toluene / n-hexane = (3/1) vol], and recrystallized with a mixed solvent of ethyl acetate-methanol to obtain a colorless needle-like carbonate compound (Compound No. 9). 3.24 g
(66.7% yield). Melting point: 88.0-91.0 ° C
Met.

Example 1 76 parts of Diane Blue (C.I. Pigment Blue 25, CI21180), 1260 parts of a 2% tetrahydrofuran solution of a polyester resin (Vylon 200, manufactured by Toyobo Co., Ltd.) and 3700 parts of tetrahydrofuran were charged in a ball mill as charge generating substances. The resulting dispersion was applied using a doctor blade on the aluminum surface of a conductive base made of a polyester base on which aluminum was deposited, and was naturally dried to form a charge generation layer having a thickness of about 1 μm. . On the other hand, as the charge transport substance, Compound Specific Example No. 9 parts of a carbonate compound, 2 parts of a polycarbonate resin (Panlite K1300, manufactured by Teijin Limited) and 16 parts of tetrahydrofuran were mixed and dissolved to form a solution, which was then applied to the charge generating layer using a doctor blade. The resultant was dried at 80 ° C. for 2 minutes and then at 120 ° C. for 5 minutes to form a charge transport layer having a thickness of about 20 μm. 1 was created.

Examples 2 to 27 and 32 to 34 Photoconductor Nos. 1 and 2 were produced in exactly the same manner as in Example 1 except that the charge generating substance and the charge transporting substance (carbonate compound) were changed to those shown in Table 2. 2-27 and 32-34
It was created.

[Table 2- (1)]

[Table 2- (2)]

[Table 2- (3)]

[Table 2- (4)]

Example 28 Selenium was vacuum-deposited to a thickness of about 1 μm on an aluminum plate having a thickness of about 300 μm to form a charge generation layer. Next, No. 9, 2 parts of a carbonate compound and a polyester resin (Polyester Adhesive 4900 manufactured by DuPont)
0) 3 parts and 45 parts of tetrahydrofuran were mixed and dissolved to prepare a charge transport layer forming solution, which was applied on the above-described charge generation layer (selenium vapor deposition layer) using a doctor blade, air-dried, and then dried under reduced pressure. Dry under, about 10μm thick
Of the photoreceptor No. of the present invention. 2
8 was obtained.

Example 29 A perylene pigment is used instead of selenium

Embedded image To form a charge generation layer (thickness is about 0.6 μm), and a carbonate compound N as a charge transport material.
o. Photoconductor No. 9 was used in the same manner as in Example 28 except that No. 9 was used. 29 was created.

Example 30 A mixture obtained by adding 158 parts of tetrahydrofuran to 1 part of Diane Blue (same as that used in Example 1) was ground and mixed in a ball mill. The photosensitive layer forming solution obtained by adding 12 parts of the carbonate compound of No. 9 and 18 parts of a polyester resin (Polyester Adhesive 49000 manufactured by DuPont) and further mixing the mixture was applied on an aluminum-evaporated polyester film using a doctor blade. And dried at 100 ° C. for 30 minutes to form a photosensitive layer having a thickness of about 16 μm. 30 were created.

Example 31 On a polyester film substrate on which aluminum was deposited,
The coating liquid for the charge transport layer used in Example 1 was coated with a blade in the same manner as in Example 1, and then dried to form a charge transport layer having a thickness of about 20 μm. Bisazo pigment (P-2) 13.
5 parts, polyvinyl butyral (trade name: XYHL Union Carbide Plastic Co., Ltd.) 5.4 parts, THF 6
After 80 parts and 1020 parts of ethyl cellosolve were pulverized and mixed in a ball mill, 1700 parts of ethyl cellosolve was added and mixed by stirring to obtain a coating liquid for a charge generation layer. This coating solution is spray-coated on the charge transport layer,
After drying for 0 minutes, a charge generation layer having a thickness of about 0.2 μm was formed. Further, a methanol / n-butanol solution of a polyamide resin (trade name: CM-8000, manufactured by Toray) is spray-coated on the charge generation layer, dried at 120 ° C. for 30 minutes, and dried to a thickness of about 0.5 μm. To form the photosensitive member N
o. 31 was created.

The photosensitive member No. 1-34
Using a commercially available electrostatic copying paper tester (type SP428, manufactured by KK Kawaguchi Electric Manufacturing Co., Ltd.), a corona discharge of -6 KV or +6 KV was performed for 20 seconds, and the surface was charged in a dark place for 20 seconds. The potential Vpo (volt) was measured, and then a tungsten lamp light was applied so that the illuminance on the photoreceptor surface became 4.5 lux, and the time (second) until the surface potential became 1/2 of Vpo was obtained. , Exposure amount E
1/2 (look-seconds) was calculated. Table 3 shows the results.

Further, after charging each of the above photoreceptors using a commercially available electrophotographic copying machine, the photosensitive members are irradiated with light through the original drawing to form an electrostatic latent image, and developed using a dry developer. When the obtained image (toner image) was electrostatically transferred onto plain paper and fixed, a clear transfer image was obtained. Similarly, when a wet type developer was used as the developer, a clear transfer image was obtained.

[Table 3- (1)]

[Table 3- (2)]

[Table 3- (3)]

[0043]

The photoreceptor of the present invention is excellent in photosensitive characteristics, has high strength against heat and mechanical shock, and can be manufactured at low cost.

[Brief description of the drawings]

FIG. 1 is a cross-sectional view enlarged in a thickness direction of an electrophotographic photosensitive member according to the present invention.

FIG. 2 is a cross-sectional view enlarged in a thickness direction of the electrophotographic photosensitive member according to the present invention.

FIG. 3 is a cross-sectional view enlarged in a thickness direction of the electrophotographic photosensitive member according to the present invention.

FIG. 4 is a cross-sectional view enlarged in a thickness direction of the electrophotographic photosensitive member according to the present invention.

FIG. 5 is a cross-sectional view enlarged in a thickness direction of the electrophotographic photosensitive member according to the present invention.

[Explanation of symbols]

 DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1 ... Conductive support 2, 2 ', 2 ", 2'", 2 "" ... Photosensitive layer 3 ... Charge generation material 4 ... Charge transport medium or charge transport layer 5 ... Charge generation layer 6 ... Protection layer

────────────────────────────────────────────────── ─── Continuation of the front page (56) References JP-A-3-48853 (JP, A) JP-A-54-119924 (JP, A) JP-A-7-140685 (JP, A) (58) Field (Int. Cl. ⁷ , DB name) G03G 5/00 CA (STN)

Claims (1)

(57) [Claims] 1. An electrophotographic photoreceptor comprising a conductive support and a photosensitive layer containing at least one of the carbonate compounds represented by the following general formula (I) as an active ingredient: . Embedded image