JP3266393B2 - Method and apparatus for improving hydraulic meteorological phenomena - Google Patents

Description

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

[0001]

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention The present invention relates to a method and an apparatus for improving discharge-excited hydraulic and meteorological phenomena, and more particularly to a technique for preventing fog and clouds from dispersing, artificial rainfall, and preventing excessive rainfall. is there.

[0002]

2. Description of the Related Art In the case of fog over a wide area due to hydro-meteorological phenomena or low cloud height, it is necessary to take measures such as closing airports and roads to secure safety. , The effect of which is enormous.

[0003] The fog includes so-called supercooled fog (cold fog) generated at a low temperature and so-called warm fog generated at normal temperature.

As a means for dispersing the supercooled mist, there is a cooling method in which liquid propane or the like is sprayed on the supercooled mist to form ice crystal nuclei, and the surrounding supercooled mist is collided and merged to drop as ice and snow. This has been applied to areas where the fog should be dissipated, such as airports and competition venues, at the Sarajevo Winter Olympics, and has a great effect.

On the other hand, as a means for dissipating the warm fog, a thermal method of evaporating the fog by warming the air with a burner or the like,
A moisture absorption method of spraying a hygroscopic substance from a helicopter, an airplane, or the like, a mechanical method using a downdraft of a helicopter, and the like have been considered, but these have the following problems. In other words, in the case of the method, the equipment cost and the running cost are very large, and the economic efficiency is impaired.
In the case of the methods (1) and (2), there is a risk of flying a helicopter, an airplane, or the like when fog is generated, and neither method can satisfy the practicality.

On the other hand, as a means for positively dissipating fog in hydraulic weather, Japanese Utility Model Laid-Open No. 64-32747, "Electrostatic Net for Fog Liquefaction Erasing" has been proposed. In this technique, as shown in FIG. 13, conductive nets 12 and 13 are juxtaposed on both sides of a conductive thin wire 11 at intervals, and a high voltage is applied to the conductive thin wire 11 to generate corona discharge. The charged mist particles are adsorbed by the Coulomb force on the conductive nets 12 and 13 serving as ground electrodes, and are collected as water droplets. The conductive fine wire 11 and the conductive net 1 are collected.
It is considered that the mist particles passing through or near the mist particles 2 and 13 can be dissipated with little electric power.

[0007]

However, according to the technique shown in FIG. 13, the fog dissipating range is limited to a very narrow range orthogonal to the planes of the conductive thin wires 11 and the conductive nets 12, 13, and the fog dispersal is limited. Since the fog does not move at the time of occurrence or the like, there remain points to be solved such as a reduction in fog dissipation efficiency.

The present invention has been made in view of the above circumstances, and has as its object to actively affect a wide range of hydraulic and meteorological phenomena with little electric power, and to effectively disperse fog and clouds. I have.

[0009]

A plurality of means for achieving the above object are proposed. The present invention generates charged particles in the atmosphere by corona discharge, and induces the charged particles through the electric field toward the hydrometeorological phenomenon to be improved, thereby adsorbing the charged particles and atmospheric moisture. It is a method for improving the hydro-meteorological phenomena that cause the condensation and binding reactions of water. In this case, it is preferable to form an updraft through thermal energy generated by a condensation reaction of moisture, and to accelerate the flow of charged particles toward the upward hydrometeorological phenomenon through the updraft. Further, the present invention applies a high DC voltage to the corona discharge wire to cause corona discharge, and forms a valley of an electric field above the corona discharge wire with the potential of the corona discharge wire and the potential of the opposite polarity below the corona discharge wire. Then, the charged particles are guided upward by the inclination of the electric field to adsorb the charged particles and the moisture in the atmosphere, thereby improving the hydrometeorological phenomenon in which a coagulation reaction and a binding reaction of the moisture are caused. Also,
The present invention relates to a corona discharge wire for generating charged particles in the atmosphere, a control wire for forming an electric field around the corona discharge wire, and a power supply device for supplying a voltage to the corona discharge wire and the control wire. The power supply unit supplies a voltage to the corona discharge wire and the control wire to form an electric field that induces charged particles toward the hydrometeorological phenomenon to be improved. Equipment. In this case, the corona discharge wire and the control wire may form an updraft through thermal energy generated by a condensation reaction of moisture. The present invention also provides a corona discharge wire in an overhead wire state,
A control wire having a grid-like shape and arranged substantially horizontally with an interval below, and a power supply device connected to the corona discharge wire and the control wire and applying a DC high voltage of the opposite polarity or the same polarity therebetween. The power supply unit applies a high DC voltage to the corona discharge line to generate corona discharge, and forms a valley of an electric field above the corona discharge line with the potential of the corona discharge line and the potential of the opposite polarity below the corona discharge line. It is a device for improving hydraulic meteorological phenomena with this configuration.

[0010]

When a high DC voltage is applied to a corona discharge wire, a corona discharge is generated based on an increase in a potential gradient near the corona discharge wire. The charged particles generated by the corona discharge are electrostatically driven in each direction based on the electric field around the corona discharge wire. At this time, a high DC voltage is applied to the control wire near the corona discharge wire. In this case, the direction of the charged particles is changed by affecting the electric field generated by the corona discharge line. The charged particles that are driven horizontally or downward with respect to the corona discharge line attract and combine with water molecules in the atmosphere (water vapor in the gaseous state), and the particles gradually become larger, eventually becoming water droplets. Fall. For corona discharge wire,
Even charged particles that are driven upwards eventually drop as water droplets by attracting each other based on the Coulomb force with moisture in the atmosphere. When the charged particles combine with the water vapor in the atmosphere, a condensation reaction of the water occurs, thereby releasing latent heat (heat of condensation). This thermal energy heats and expands the air medium or water vapor in the range of movement of the charged particles to form an upward flow of gas. Therefore, the charged particles generated by the corona discharge are carried upward by the upward flow of the gas, and also adsorb with the water in the area adjacent to the upward flow, and condensed, released heat, and formed water due to water droplets. Is repeated. In addition, a flow corresponding to the upward flow of the gas is formed from the vicinity of the corona discharge wire, and a new gas (air containing water) is replenished. On the other hand, assuming that the gas is stationary, the moving direction of the charged particles is
Since it becomes a direction orthogonal to the contour line of the potential, applying a DC high voltage of the opposite polarity to the control wire and forming a valley of the electric field above the corona discharge wire, charged particles accumulate in the valley,
Frequently, actions such as condensation of water, generation of upward flow of gas, action of feeding charged particles upward, and removal of water are performed. In the case of corona discharge, it is necessary to supply energy corresponding to corona loss. However, the release of condensation heat energy of water based on the phase change from gas to liquid is accumulated by natural phenomena. By extracting this energy, it becomes possible to heat the gas using enormous energy with respect to the supplied energy.

[0011]

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS A first embodiment of the present invention will now be described with reference to FIG. FIG.
, 1 is a corona discharge wire, 2 is a support, 3 is a power supply (DC high voltage generator), 4 is a control wire (upper control wire), 5 is a voltage regulator, 6 is a control wire (lower control wire). ) And 7 are auxiliary voltage regulators, and 8 is an insulator.

The corona discharge wire 1 is wired in a horizontal state by an insulator 8 disposed at an intermediate height of the column 2, and three corona discharge wires 1 are disposed in parallel at the same height in the example of FIG. Connected and set so as to reduce the diameter as much as possible.

The power supply device 3 has a capability of continuously generating a plurality of DC high voltages capable of selecting a positive potential and a negative potential of tens of thousands volts or more.
The output voltage is controlled by the voltage regulator 5 or the auxiliary voltage regulator 7, and is composed of a combination of a test transformer, a rectifier, a smoothing capacitor (electric storage device), a discharge current suppressing series resistor, and the like.

The upper control wire 4 and the lower control wire 6
Are connected to the power supply device 3 at the top and the middle of the support column 2 so as to be horizontal with the corona discharge wire 1 in the form of a grid and spaced apart from each other with a vertical interval. Note that as long as the electric field to be formed can be regarded as a uniform electric field, the mesh may be coarse and the mesh may be a rectangular or polygonal mesh. The corona discharge wire 1 and the two control wires 4 and 6 are, for example, in a range of 100 m × 100 m and a height of 6 to 100 m.
It is set to a range of 7 m.

The operation of the apparatus shown in FIG. 1 will now be described. For example, it is desired to improve the hydro-meteorological phenomenon in a wide range of the installation height of the apparatus and a large area above and in the vicinity of the apparatus. In this case, the power supply device 3 is operated to apply a high DC voltage to the corona discharge wire 1 and the control wires 4 and 6.

When the diameter of the corona discharge wire 1 is sufficiently small and the potential gradient around it is several kV / cm or more,
Charged particles (ions, electrons, etc.) are generated by corona discharge. The charged particles generated by the corona discharge are affected by the electric field by the upper and lower control wires 4 and 6, and
The acceleration increases when 6 has a potential of the opposite polarity.

When the corona discharge wire 1 and the lower control wire 6 are at the opposite potential, the charged particles generated by the corona discharge wire 1 move downward and reach the lower control wire 6. In addition, the charged particles condense by trapping water molecules (water vapor) in the atmosphere, and the particles gradually increase in size and fall to the ground as water droplets.

If water condensation occurs frequently due to the movement of charged particles in the electric field formed by the corona discharge wire 1 and the lower control wire 6, the latent heat of the condensed heat is released and the corona discharge wire is released. The gas expands in the space between the first control wire 6 and the lower control wire 6 to form a gentle upward flow.

The corona discharge wire 1 and the upper control wire 4
When an electric field is formed between them, the charged particles generated by the corona discharge wire 1 move upward and reach the upper control electric wire 4 until they reach the upper control electric wire 4. A phenomenon of binding and condensing with moisture occurs.

However, since the charged particles slowly move due to static electricity in a direction orthogonal to the contours of the electric field, when the upper control wires 4 are laid in a grid pattern, some of the charged particles will It is thought that the remaining charged particles reach the vicinity of the lattice-shaped eyes but stagnate, but the rising air current passes through the eyes of the lattice. At this time, the charged particles are weakly driven by the static electricity. When the transport force of the updraft exceeds the force, a part of the charged particles is released into the atmosphere by the updraft.

Therefore, even in the space separated upward from the upper control wire 4 of the device, the combined condensation phenomenon of the transported charged particles and the air moisture, the expansion of the gas due to the release of the condensation energy, and the addition of the rising force, The removal of water and the dispersal of fog occur due to the formation of water droplets.

The updraft is accelerated and reaches the sky in the range where charged particles are present.

Next, a second embodiment of the hydrometeorological phenomenon improving apparatus according to the present invention will be described with reference to FIGS. Also in these figures, the same reference numerals are given to the parts common to the example of FIG. 1, but as shown in FIG.
Two control wires 6 are disposed below one corona discharge wire 1 with a left and right space therebetween. The two control wires 6 are set so that the vertical position can be adjusted by moving the mounting bracket 9 up and down, and the horizontal distance of the mounting arm 10 extending from the mounting bracket 9 to the left and right can be adjusted. Have been. In FIG. 2, the dimension H in the vertical direction is set to, for example, 1 m, and the interval L in the horizontal direction is set to, for example, 0.75 m, and these are adjusted as needed.

FIG. 3 shows a state in which a plurality of columns 2 are arranged in three vertical columns. In this case, a corona discharge wire 1 and two control wires 6 shown in FIG. 2 are arranged for each row. The width of each row is set to, for example, 35 m, and the length of the row is set to 120 m.

FIG. 4 shows an improved example of the corona discharge wire 1, in which a needle-like projection 1b is formed on a conductor 1a in consideration of mechanical strength.
Are arranged.

The corona discharge wire 1 shown in FIG. 5 is formed by arranging a large number of needle-like or fuzzy projections 1b on the surface of a stranded wire conductor 1c.

A corona discharge wire 1 shown in FIG. 6 is formed by a plurality of suspension wires 1d on a conductor 1a in consideration of mechanical strength.
e is arranged in a suspended state.

FIGS. 7 to 10 show potential distributions (contour lines) of an electric field formed when DC high voltages having different conditions are applied to the corona discharge wire 1 and the control wire 6 arranged as shown in FIG. I have. The driving of charged particles by these potential distributions will be discussed below. However, basically, a complicated reaction is caused electrically in the process of corona discharge, phase change of a gas-liquid phase, and condensation of water molecules. Therefore, the following description shows a typical example. Further, the device can arbitrarily set the potential and its positive / negative.

The corona discharge wire 1 shown in FIG.
Under the condition that the control wire 6 is at +75 kV, the corona discharge wire 1
A valley V of the electric field is formed in a state where the contour lines of the potential distribution are depressed at a position above. Since the driving direction of the charged particles by the electrostatic field is a direction orthogonal to the contour line of the potential distribution, for example, the positive charged particles are driven in the direction indicated by the solid arrow and the opposite direction of the broken arrow in FIG. Is in the direction of the dashed arrow and in the direction opposite to the solid arrow. Here, paying attention to the valley V of the electric field, it is predicted that a phenomenon occurs in which a part of the positively charged particles enter the valley V as shown by a solid arrow. The vicinity of the valley V is a region where the potential gradient is small and the positively charged particles are hardly attracted to the corona discharge line 1 having a negative potential. On the other hand, when the potential gradient of each of the wires 1 and 6 is set to be high by making the diameter of the corona discharge wire 1 and the control wire 6 small, a large amount of positive and negative signs are provided near the wires 1 and 6. In particular, in the vicinity of a triangular region having the vertexes of the lines 1 and 6, the charged particles condense moisture, release energy of latent heat, heat expansion of gas, and generation of rising airflow. It is likely to be frequent. For this reason, as shown by a white arrow in FIG. 7, the rising air current separates from the corona discharge wire 1 by entraining each charged particle intervening in the valley V of the electric field and sequentially transporting it to the upper space. Even in the upper space, it is predicted that phenomena such as condensation of water due to adsorption of charged particles and water vapor, release of latent heat, temperature rise of gas, generation of updraft, etc. will occur, and the dissipating effect of fog will be remarkable Is done.

The corona discharge wire 1 shown in FIG.
Under the condition that the control electric wire 6 is at +50 kV, although the valley V of the electric field in the example of FIG. 7 is not clearly generated, the movement of the positively charged particles becomes as shown by the arrow. The charged particles in the portion where the potential gradient is low and the electrostatic driving force is small due to the rising air current are discharged into the space above the corona discharge wire 1 by the rising air flow in a white state.
It is believed that phenomena released into the atmosphere above are relatively frequent.

The corona discharge wire 1 shown in FIG. 9 and FIG.
Under the conditions of 50 kV and +75 kV and 50 kV for the control wire 6, the flow of the positively charged particles is substantially emitted in the radial direction as shown by the solid arrow, and the corona discharge wire 1 and the control wire 6 Is estimated to be slower than that of FIG. 7 and FIG. 8, because the potential gradient between them becomes lower due to the same polarity of the electric potential, and the charged particles using upward flow are sent into the upper atmosphere. Is done.

Therefore, when the electric wires are arranged as shown in FIG. 2, a high voltage having a higher potential and a different polarity than the corona discharge wire 1 is applied to the lower control electric wire 6 as shown in FIG. It is concluded that the control wire 6 is effective, and in this case, it is desirable that the control wire 6 also take measures such as thinning and corrugation to make corona discharge frequent.

Next, based on FIGS. 11 and 12, FIG.
An example of an experiment in which the device shown in FIG. 3 is applied to a hydraulic meteorological phenomenon will be described. As shown in FIG. 11 and FIG. 12, the visibility becomes worse from 2000 m to 1000 m,
And the cloud height (the height from the ground to the bottom of the cloud) is 175
Under the condition that the height is lowered from 90 m to 90 m, the device was operated at 9:15 am to perform corona discharge and charged particle generation by applying a high DC voltage based on FIG. 7, and the visibility gradually improved. , And the phenomenon that the cloud height became high appeared. Then, the device was stopped between 12:00 and 13:00, and the device was operated again at 13:00. Until 17:00 when the device was stopped, the visibility improved to 5000m or more, and the cloud height increased to 250m. Some improvement effects were obtained.

[0034]

According to the method and apparatus for improving the hydro-meteorological phenomenon of the present invention, the following effects can be obtained. (1) A corona discharge wire and a control wire are arranged at an interval above and below, a high DC voltage is applied to generate charged particles based on corona discharge, and an electric field for driving the charged particles is changed to a corona discharge wire and a control wire. By controlling with the potential of
By adjusting the strength and direction of the flow of charged particles, a large number of charged particles can be combined with water molecules or the like to form water droplets, and the mist can be dissipated with a small power supply by an electrostatic field. (2) The movement of the charged particles is controlled so that the adsorption and coagulation of the charged particles and moisture are performed intensively, and the release of the heat energy of the latent heat causes the rising air current to be generated in the vicinity thereof and in the vicinity of the charged particle generation location. Once generated, the charged particles can be pumped into the atmosphere above and widen the condensation zone of water to the area adjacent to the updraft, thereby increasing the fog dissipation range. (3) In accordance with the generation of the updraft, the gas is exchanged and a new gas is supplied to a charged particle generation location or the like, so that the amount of generated charged particles can be increased. (4) A valley of an electric field is formed above the corona discharge line by applying a DC high pressure having a potential opposite to that of the corona discharge line to the lower control line and arranging the control line so as to spread right and left. Then, the charged particles are accumulated in the valleys, concentrating the condensation of water, the generation of updrafts, the upward movement of the charged particles and the removal of water based on this, and extending vertically, dissipating fog and clouds. The effect can be enhanced. (5) As described above, it is possible to generate artificial rainfall by using fog and clouds as raindrops, and to control the amount of rainfall by removing moisture in an appropriate place in advance when excessive rainfall is expected. Can be performed.

[Brief description of the drawings]

FIG. 1 is a perspective view showing a first embodiment of a hydrometeorological phenomenon improving apparatus according to the present invention.

FIG. 2 is a perspective view showing a second embodiment of the hydrometeorological phenomenon improving apparatus according to the present invention.

FIG. 3 is a plan view showing an arrangement of a second embodiment of the hydrometeorological phenomenon improving apparatus according to the present invention.

FIG. 4 is a perspective view showing an improved example of the corona discharge wire shown in FIG.

FIG. 5 is a perspective view showing another improved example of the corona discharge wire shown in FIG. 2;

FIG. 6 is a front view showing another embodiment of the corona discharge wire shown in FIG. 2;

FIG. 7 shows a diagram of the corona discharge wire and the control wire shown in FIG.
It is a contour map of the electric field generated when 50 kV and 75 kV are applied.

FIG. 8 shows a diagram of a corona discharge wire and a control wire shown in FIG. 2;
It is a contour map of the electric field generated when 50 kV and 50 kV are applied.

FIG. 9 shows a diagram of a corona discharge wire and a control wire shown in FIG.
FIG. 5 is a contour diagram of an electric field generated when 0 kV and 75 kV are applied.

10 is a contour diagram of an electric field generated when 50 kV and 50 kV are applied by the corona discharge wire and the control wire shown in FIG.

FIG. 11 is a time-visibility relationship diagram when the hydrometeorological phenomenon improvement device according to the present invention is operated.

FIG. 12 is a time-cloud height relation diagram when the hydrometeorological phenomenon improvement device according to the present invention is operated.

FIG. 13 is a perspective view showing a conventional example of a fog liquefaction erasing electrostatic net.

[Explanation of symbols]

 DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1 Corona discharge wire 1a Conductor 1b Projection 1c Stranded wire 1d Suspended wire 1e Fine wire 2 Support 3 Power supply device (DC high voltage generator) 4 Control wire (upper control wire) 5 Voltage regulator 6 Control wire (lower control wire) 7 auxiliary voltage regulator 8 insulator 9 mounting bracket 10 mounting arm V valley

──────────────────────────────────────────────────続 き Continuing on the front page (73) Patent holder 593224717 Palai Alexei Alexevich Russia, 127844, Moscow, Kalelisky Blivar Dom, 21-1 apartment, 34 (73) Patent holder 593224728 Huibo Valery Ioganesovic Russian Federation, 141730, Moscow, Lobnya city, Ulitsa Chekhov, Dom, 11 apartment, 39 (73) Patent holder 000000099 Ishikawajima-Harima Heavy Industries Co., Ltd. 2-2-1, Cho-cho (72) Inventor Zakharov Vladmir Matvevic, 103050, Moscow, Russian Federation, Vorotnikovsky-Pereulok dom, 2/11 apartment, 47 (72) Inventor Karyagin, Korai Vasilier Vitch Russian Federation, 129327 Moscow, Ulitsa, Cicelin Dom, 8/1, apartment, 41 (72) Inventor Palai Alexei Alexevich Russia, 127844, Moscow, Kalelisky, Russia Brivar Dom 21-1 Apartment 34 (72) Inventor Wibo Valerie Ioganesovich, Russia, 141730, Moscow Oblast, Lobnya City, Ulitsa Chekhov Dom 11, Apartment 39 (72) Inventor Masaya Tanaka 2-2-1 Otemachi, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo Ishikawajima-Harima Heavy Industries, Ltd. Headquarters (72) Inventor Shoichi Obata 3-1-1-15, Toyosu, Koto-ku, Tokyo Ishikawa-Shima-Harima Heavy Industries, Ltd. Within the Technical Center (72) Inventor Kotada Hara 3-1-1-15 Toyosu, Koto-ku, Tokyo Ishikawa Shima-Harima Heavy Industries Co., Ltd. (72) Inventor Katsuharu Yamamoto 3-1-1-15 Toyosu, Koto-ku, Tokyo Ishikawa Shima-Harima Heavy Industries Co., Ltd.Higashi2 Technical Center (72) Inventor Yukihiro Kamase 3-1-1-15 Toyosu, Koto-ku, Tokyo Ishikawa (56) References JP-A-63-157923 (JP, A) JP-A-7-80347 (JP, A) JP-A-47-44696 (JP, A) 64-32747 (JP, U) U.S. Patent No. 4670026 (Class 55/11) (58) Fields investigated (Int. Cl. ⁷ , DB name) E01H 13/00

Claims (2)

(57) [Claims] A corona discharge is generated by applying a high DC voltage to a corona discharge wire (1), and a valley of an electric field is formed above the corona discharge wire by a potential of the corona discharge wire and a potential of the opposite polarity below the corona discharge wire. (V), wherein the gradient of the electric field induces the charged particles upward to adsorb the charged particles and the moisture in the atmosphere, thereby causing a coagulation reaction and a binding reaction of the water. How to improve physical and meteorological phenomena. 2. A corona discharge wire (1) in an overhead wire state, a control wire (6) which is wired horizontally and spaced apart below the corona discharge wire and is substantially in the form of a grid, and a corona discharge wire and a control wire. A power supply unit (3) connected between them for applying a DC high voltage of the opposite polarity or the same polarity. The power supply unit applies a DC high voltage to the corona discharge line (1) to perform corona discharge. A hydrometeorological phenomena improvement device characterized in that a valley (V) of an electric field is formed above a corona discharge line with the potential of the corona discharge line and a potential of an opposite polarity below the corona discharge line.