JP3264340B2 - Cooling and heating equipment for underground structures - Google Patents

Description

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

[0001]

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention The present invention relates to a cooling and heating system for underground structures, and more particularly to a cooling and heating system for underground structures directly dug from the ground to the underground.

[0002]

2. Description of the Related Art In a conventional building, a layered structure including a roof, a floor, and a layered member is supported by a plurality of columns which are vertically set on the ground. Therefore, as the number of floors increases to the second and third floors, the weight that each pillar must support increases.

[0003] Therefore, in the case of wooden buildings, in principle, floors of four stories or more are prohibited by the Building Standards Law, and reinforced concrete buildings are also detailed in terms of pillar thickness and strength. Has established minimum standards.

[0004] In the case of a building having an underground floor, columns above the floor of the lowest floor support the weight of the floor above it, and are the same as a structure built on the ground.

[0005]

An increase in the proportion of the pillars with an increase in the number of stories means that the effective use area of the structure is reduced and the material cost is increased, and the columns are eliminated from the structure. There has been a demand for the development of a column-free structure that can be used.

The energy required for cooling and heating the building is also a social problem. However, since a building built on the ground is exposed to the outside air on all four sides, a huge amount of energy is wasted from the building. It had been. In particular, due to the recent global warming, a large amount of energy is consumed for cooling in summer, and there are cases where existing power generation facilities cannot keep up.

[0007] Therefore, when developing such an underground structure, it has been desired to also develop how to provide the cooling and heating equipment.

[0008]

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION The present invention has been made in view of the above-mentioned problems of the prior art, and has substantially a roof,
It is an object of the present invention to provide an energy-saving type cooling / heating facility for underground structures capable of eliminating pillars supporting a hierarchical structure such as a floor and a hierarchical member.

In the first aspect of the present invention, the cooling and heating equipment for an underground structure includes a peripheral wall forming a mortar-shaped space, and a plurality of supports provided around the mortar-shaped space at the same height. A basement comprising: a member; a beam having ends supported by a plurality of support means; and a layered structure having a layered portion disposed at a central portion at a predetermined distance from at least a peripheral wall portion. A cooling and heating facility for a structure, wherein the cooling and heating facility includes a small waterfall section provided at a plurality of locations on a peripheral wall portion, and a plurality of temperature sensors provided so as to correspond to the plurality of small waterfall sections. When the sensor detects a temperature equal to or higher than a predetermined temperature, a waterfall is caused to flow in the small waterfall portion, and cooling is performed by the vaporization heat of the waterfall.

In a second aspect of the present invention, a peripheral wall forming a mortar-shaped space, a plurality of support members provided around the mortar-shaped space at the same plane height, and a plurality of And a hierarchical structure provided at a plurality of levels having a level part arranged at a center part at a predetermined distance from at least a peripheral wall part. A cooling / heating facility for an underground structure, comprising: a heat exchanger; a first duct for blowing air cooled by the heat exchanger from the upper outer peripheral side of each story toward the center; A second duct for sucking air blown out from the first duct below the center of the story and returning the air to the heat exchanger, wherein at least the first duct is provided independently for each story. It is characterized by being.

[0011] A third aspect of the present invention relates to a peripheral wall forming a mortar-shaped space, a plurality of support members provided around the mortar-shaped space so as to have the same plane height, and a plurality of supporting members. And a hierarchical structure provided at a plurality of levels having a level part arranged at a center part at a predetermined distance from at least a peripheral wall part. A cooling / heating facility for an underground structure, comprising: a heat exchanger; a first duct for blowing air cooled by the heat exchanger from an upper outer peripheral side of an uppermost layer toward a center; A third duct for sucking the air blown out to the floor below the center of the floor and blowing it from the outer peripheral side of the floor structure toward the center below the floor, and a third duct for the lowest floor The air blown out from the central part And having a second duct for returning the sucked in towards the heat exchanger. Further, a fourth aspect of the present invention provides a peripheral wall forming a mortar-shaped space, a plurality of support members provided so as to have the same plane height around the mortar-shaped space, and a plurality of support means. A hierarchical structure provided on a plurality of levels having a beam supported at the end and a level part arranged at the center part at a predetermined distance from at least the peripheral wall part, and a hierarchical structure provided on a plurality of levels. A cooling and heating facility for a product, wherein the cooling and heating facility is formed in a heat exchanger, a duct for guiding the air heated by the heat exchanger to the lowest level, and a substantially central portion at a lower portion of each hierarchical structure, and is heated. It is characterized by having a collection port for collecting air, and a plurality of communication ports for guiding the warmed air collected at the collection port substantially evenly on the hierarchical structure located thereon.

[0012]

According to the first aspect of the present invention, when the temperature sensor detects a predetermined temperature or higher, a waterfall flows through a selected predetermined waterfall portion, and cooling is performed by the heat of vaporization of the waterfall. In this case, since the structure is an underground structure, it is less susceptible to the outside air temperature as compared with the above-ground structure. If a large number of small waterfalls and temperature sensors are provided, the cooling in each part of the underground structure can be delicately controlled and performed.

In the second aspect of the present invention, first, air is cooled by a heat exchanger, and the cooled air is passed through first ducts provided independently for each floor. It is blown out toward the center from the upper outer peripheral side to the level. The air blown out to each level is sucked below the center of the level and returned to the heat exchanger via the second duct provided independently for each level.

In the third aspect of the present invention, first, air is cooled by a heat exchanger, and the cooled air is transferred from the upper outer peripheral side of the uppermost layer toward the center through the first duct. Be blown out. This air is sucked in the lower part of the center of the uppermost layer, and is blown out from the upper outer peripheral side toward the center through the third duct to the lower layer located thereunder.
In this way, cooling is performed in order from the upper layer to the lower layer by the third duct of each layer. Then, the air blown out from the third duct at the lowest level is sucked below the central portion thereof and returned to the heat exchanger via the second duct.

In the fourth aspect of the present invention, first, air is warmed by a heat exchanger, and the warmed air is guided to the lowest level by a duct. Next, this warm air
It passes through a collection opening formed at a substantially central portion below each hierarchical structure, and is further guided substantially evenly onto the hierarchical structure located thereon through a plurality of communication ports.

[0016]

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS FIG. 1 is a perspective view of a cooling and heating system for an underground structure according to the present invention. 1 to 3 are a perspective view, a plan view, and a longitudinal sectional view of an underground structure to which the present invention is applied.

The underground structure 10 to which the present invention is applied generally includes a peripheral wall 12 forming a mortar-shaped space, and a peripheral wall 1.
2 includes a plurality of support members 14 provided so as to have the same plane height, and a hierarchical structure 16 supported by the plurality of support members 14.

In the figure, GL represents the ground, and the overall size of the underground structure 10 is about 40 m in diameter and about 20 m in depth at the level of the ground GL.

In the illustrated embodiment, the underground structure 10 comprises six
Although it has a layer structure, it is needless to say that the present invention is not limited to this, and one or more layers may be used. The height of each layer can be equal or different. How to use and how to separate in each layer is arbitrary.

As best shown in FIG. 3, the peripheral wall 12 is formed by digging downward from the ground GL in a mortar shape. The angle of the peripheral wall 12 with respect to the horizontal can be arbitrarily selected. However, when the angle is increased, the number of layers per plane area can be increased. On the contrary, when the angle is reduced, more sunlight can be supplied to the lower layer. Can also.

The planar shape of the peripheral wall 12 can be various shapes other than a regular dodecagon as shown in FIG. FIGS. 4A to 4D show an example of the case where the plane shape is a circle, a square, an ellipse, and a general water droplet shape. The vertical cross-sectional shape of the peripheral wall 12 is not limited to a straight slope having a concrete-finished finish as shown in FIG. Can be planted.

The hierarchical structure 16 includes radially extending beams 18.
And a level plate 20 supported by the beams 18. Between the outer edge of the hierarchical plate 20 and the peripheral wall 12, a space is formed at a predetermined interval in each layer. If this space is large, a lot of sunlight is supplied to the lower level.

FIG. 5 shows the supporting member 1 supporting the end of the beam 18.
4 is a perspective view of FIG.

The support member 14 has a horizontal surface 14a supporting the lower surface of the end of the beam 18 and a horizontal surface 14a
And a pair of vertical surfaces 14b, 14b for preventing the two from coming off. The end surface of the beam 18 abuts on the abutting surface 14c sandwiched between the pair of vertical surfaces 14b, 14b.
Are prevented from moving in the longitudinal direction of the beam 18.

In the illustrated preferred embodiment, a vibration isolating cushion 22 is interposed between the beam 18 and the support member 14, thereby protecting the story structure 16 in the event of an earthquake. I have.

The support member 14 is fixed to the peripheral wall 12 so as to have the same plane height and at equal intervals by various methods. In the illustrated preferred embodiment, the peripheral wall 12 is provided with a recess 12a for the support member 14, and the support member 14 is fitted into the recess 12a, and the two are fixed by conventional well-known means. I have.

A feature of the present invention is that the hierarchical structure 16
2 is supported by a plurality of support members 14 provided so as to have the same plane height, so that each layer does not basically need to be supported by columns. However, when the diameter of the hierarchical structure 16 is large as in the illustrated embodiment, the support can be additionally provided at the central portion. That is, in the illustrated preferred embodiment, the underground structure 10 has an elevator facility 2 at its center.
4 (see FIG. 3), and the elevator facility 24
Around the center of the layered structure 16 of each layer can be installed.

The underground structure 10 constructed as described above
Has a feature that it is hard to be affected by a temperature change on the ground because the use space of the structure is underground. Therefore, even if the temperature in summer rises due to the global warming, the underground structure is not affected by it, and the energy required for cooling can be reduced. Also, in winter heating, the underground structure itself is heated by geothermal heat, so that the energy required for heating can be reduced.

Further, the ground surface can be used for athletic fields, parks, parking lots, etc., and the underground structures are substantially isolated from the surrounding sounds, so that public buildings such as hospitals, libraries, schools and the like can be used. It is perfect for

Next, the cooling and heating equipment according to the first embodiment of the present invention will be described with reference to FIGS. 6 is a plan view taken along line AA of FIG. 3, and FIG. 7 is a view taken along line BB of FIG.
FIG. 8 is a plan view taken along line CC of FIG. 3.

As shown in FIG. 6, the peripheral wall 12 on the outer periphery of the story (the space used by the person) formed on the story plate 20 of the story structure 16 has six pieces at predetermined intervals. Small waterfall portion 30 is formed. In this small waterfall section 30, an operation of flowing or stopping the waterfall is performed by an operation device (not shown). At an appropriate position on the level plate 20 corresponding to each of the small waterfall portions 30, a temperature sensor 31 for detecting a room temperature is provided. When each of these temperature sensors 31 detects a temperature equal to or higher than a predetermined temperature,
The operating device is turned on, and a waterfall flows through the small waterfall section 30 until the room temperature falls below a predetermined value. By the heat of vaporization of the water of this waterfall,
Cooling can be performed by lowering the temperature of the area adjacent to the small waterfall section 30.

At this time, a waterfall is made to flow through each of the small waterfall portions 30 independently in accordance with the value of each temperature sensor 31.

Also, waterfalls may be caused to flow through all the small waterfall portions 30 at the same time. In this case, the number of the temperature sensors 31 can be reduced.

Further, in response to the temperature of the temperature sensor 31, the water volume of the waterfall may be increased as the temperature becomes higher to improve the cooling capacity.

Similarly, in FIGS. 7 and 8, small waterfall portions 30a and 30b and temperature sensors 31a and 31b are provided. The operation is similar to that shown in FIG. The small waterfalls shown in FIGS. 6 to 8 are provided independently for each level, but may be formed as a waterfall having a large drop over the layers above and below.

Such a cooling and heating facility is provided with a hierarchical structure 16.
The layer formed on the layer plate 20 of Kotakibe 3
Although it is particularly suitable for open underground structures that are not separated by glass or the like from 0, it is also effective for closed underground structures where the floor is separated by glass or the like because the temperature difference between the inside and outside is small. is there.

Next, a second embodiment of the present invention will be described. FIG. 9A is a partial front view showing the second embodiment of the present invention. As shown in this figure, reference numeral 40 denotes a heat exchanger. The heat exchanger 40 is formed in the elevator facility 24, penetrates from the lowest level to the highest level, and discharges air blown to each level to a lower part in the center. A central duct 41 that sucks the air and returns the heat to the heat exchanger 40, and a plurality of air ducts that are cooled by the heat exchanger 40 and that are blown out from the upper outer peripheral side of each floor toward the center. Is connected to the first duct 42.

In the drawing, the dashed-dotted arrows indicate the flow of air cooled by the heat exchanger 40, and the solid-line arrows are blown out to each level and sucked below the central part of the level to remove the heat from the heat exchanger 40. The flow of the air returned to is shown.

As described above, if a plurality of first ducts 42 are provided independently for each floor, cooling can be delicately controlled for each floor. Furthermore, a plurality of such first ducts 42 may be provided for each level, and control may be performed in the same manner as in the above-described small waterfall section 30.

Next, a third embodiment of the present invention will be described. FIG. 9B is a partial front view showing the third embodiment of the present invention. In this embodiment, the first duct 42 is not provided independently for each floor. Instead, each level has a third duct having an air outlet that sucks air blown out to the level below the center and blows the air from the outer peripheral side of the layered structure toward the center toward the center. 43
Is provided. The air blown out from the third duct at the lowermost level is sucked at the lower part of the center, is formed in the elevator facility 24, and passes through the central duct 41a penetrating from the lowermost level to the uppermost level. It is returned to 40. This central duct 41a is not fluidly connected to each level except the lowest level,
This is different from the central duct 41 in FIG.

The operation of the third embodiment of the present invention configured as described above will be described. First, cooling is performed from the lowest level by the central duct 41a, and the air after that is introduced into the heat exchanger 40. The air is cooled by the heat exchanger 40, and the cooled air is blown from the first duct 42 to the uppermost layer from the upper outer peripheral side toward the center.

Thus, the uppermost layer from which the cool air has been blown out is cooled. Next, the air blown out of the first duct 42 is sucked by the third duct 43 below the central portion of the uppermost layer and guided to the outer peripheral portion of the layered structure 16 located thereunder. By guiding the cool air in this manner, the second tier from the top tier can be cooled. Hereafter,
When the lower floor is cooled and reaches the lowest floor, it is returned to the heat exchanger 40 by the central duct 41a as described above.

The third aspect of the present invention is a rational cooling system which meets the feature of the underground structure that the ambient temperature is higher on the level closer to the ground and lower on the level closer to the lowest level. Energy.

Next, a fourth embodiment of the present invention will be described. FIG. 10 is a partial front view showing an example of the fourth aspect of the present invention. As shown in this figure, reference numeral 40 denotes a heat exchanger. The heat exchanger 40 has a central duct 45 formed in the elevator facility 24 and for introducing warm air from the heat exchanger 40 to the lowest level. It is connected. A ceiling member 46 is provided below each hierarchical structure 16.
The ceiling member 46 has a spherical shape obtained by cutting a part of a sphere. Further, a collection port 47 for collecting warm air is formed at the center of the ceiling member 46. The uppermost collection port 47 is in communication with the heat exchanger 40.

A floor duct 48 is connected to the collection ports 47 other than the uppermost layer. The floor duct 48 is provided radially outward. This floor duct 48
Are provided with a plurality of communication ports 49 for flowing warm air to an upper layer at predetermined intervals in the radial direction.

In the fourth embodiment of the present invention configured as described above, first, the air is warmed by the heat exchanger 40. Next, the warmed air is guided to the lowest level by the central duct 45. The warm air led to each level
Since it has an ascending property, it is collected at a collection port 47 of a ceiling member 46 provided below each hierarchical structure 16. The warmed air is introduced into the floor duct 48 and is introduced into the upper floor from the plurality of communication ports 49 to heat this area. After each floor is heated in this way, finally, the floor is returned to the heat exchanger 40 through the collection port 47 provided in the top-level hierarchy structure 16.

In the illustrated preferred embodiment,
The ceiling member 46 has a spherical shape, but may have any shape as long as air can be collected in a collection port formed in the center. For example, the ceiling member 46 may have a polygonal pyramid shape or a conical shape.

[0048]

According to the first aspect of the present invention, a cooling and heating facility for an underground structure includes a plurality of small waterfalls provided on a peripheral wall and a plurality of temperatures provided corresponding to the plurality of small waterfalls. When the temperature sensor detects a predetermined temperature or higher, a waterfall flows in the small waterfall part and cooling is performed by the heat of vaporization of the waterfall, so the total amount that must be cooled because it is an underground structure is small In combination with this characteristic, there is an effect that the energy required for cooling can be extremely reduced.

Further, in the cooling and heating equipment for underground structures according to the second aspect of the present invention, the heat exchanger and the air cooled by the heat exchanger are blown from the upper outer peripheral side of each story toward the center. A first duct, and a second duct for sucking air blown out from the first duct below the center of the story and returning it to the heat exchanger, and at least the first duct is provided for each story. Since it is provided independently, it is possible to delicately control the cooling for each layer and perform the cooling.

Further, the cooling and heating equipment for an underground structure according to the third aspect of the present invention comprises a heat exchanger and a blower for blowing air cooled by the heat exchanger from the upper outer peripheral side of the uppermost layer toward the center. A first duct, a third duct which sucks air blown out to each story below a central part of the story, and blows out from the outer peripheral side of the hierarchical structure located thereunder toward the center, and And a second duct for sucking air blown out from the third duct in the lower part of the floor and returning the air to the heat exchanger, so that the level closer to the ground has a higher ambient temperature, and the lower the level, the higher the surrounding temperature. It is possible to perform reasonable cooling that matches the characteristic of the underground structure that the temperature is low, and there is an effect that energy consumption can be reduced.

The cooling and heating equipment for underground structures according to the fourth aspect of the present invention comprises a heat exchanger, a duct for guiding the air heated by the heat exchanger to the lowest level, and a lower portion of each hierarchical structure. Since it has a collecting port formed in the center for collecting warm air and a plurality of communication ports for guiding the warm air collected in this collecting port substantially evenly on the hierarchical structure located thereon, the lower level Since the warm air that has settled near the ceiling can be rationally used in the upper floor, the energy consumption required for heating can be reduced.

[Brief description of the drawings]

FIG. 1 is a perspective view of an underground structure to which the present invention is applied.

FIG. 2 is a plan view of the underground structure of FIG.

FIG. 3 is a vertical sectional view of the underground structure shown in FIG. 1;

FIGS. 4A to 4D are plan views showing other examples of the planar shape of the underground structure.

FIG. 5 is a perspective view of a support member that supports an end of a beam.

FIG. 6 is a plan view taken along the line AA of FIG. 3;

FIG. 7 is a plan view taken along the line BB of FIG. 3;

FIG. 8 is a plan view taken along the line CC of FIG. 3;

FIGS. 9A and 9B are partial front views showing examples of the second and third aspects of the present invention, respectively.

FIG. 10 is a partial front view showing an example of the fourth aspect of the present invention.

[Explanation of symbols]

 DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 10 Underground structure 12 Perimeter wall 14 Support member 16 Hierarchical structure 18 Beam 20 Hierarchical plate 22 Isolation cushion 24 Elevator facility 30 Kotaki part 31 Temperature sensor 40 Heat exchanger 41 Central duct 42 First duct 43 Third duct 45 Center Duct 46 Ceiling member 47 Collection port 48 Floor duct 49 Communication port

Continuation of the front page (56) References JP-A-6-346619 (JP, A) JP-A-58-2543 (JP, A) JP-A-58-213958 (JP, A) JP-A-62-153651 (JP, A) JP-A-3-77098 (JP, A) JP-A-52-24305 (JP, U) JP-A-2-147718 (JP, U) JP-A-5-62627 (JP, U) (58) Field surveyed (Int. Cl. ⁷ , DB name) E02D 29/00 E04F 17/04 E04H 1/00

Claims (4)

(57) [Claims] 1. A peripheral wall forming a mortar-shaped space, a plurality of support members provided around the mortar-shaped space so as to have the same plane height, and an end supported by the plurality of support means. And a hierarchical structure having a hierarchical portion disposed at a central portion at a predetermined distance from at least the peripheral wall portion, wherein the cooling and heating device for an underground structure comprises: Has a plurality of small waterfall portions provided on the peripheral wall portion and a plurality of temperature sensors provided to correspond to the plurality of small waterfall portions, respectively, when the temperature sensor detects a predetermined temperature or more. A cooling and heating system for underground structures, characterized by flowing a waterfall through the small waterfall portion and performing cooling by vaporization heat of the waterfall. 2. A peripheral wall forming a mortar-shaped space, a plurality of support members provided around the mortar-shaped space so as to have the same plane height, and an end supported by the plurality of support means. And a hierarchical structure provided on a plurality of levels having a level portion disposed at a central portion at a predetermined distance from at least the peripheral wall portion. The cooling and heating equipment comprises: a heat exchanger; a first duct for blowing air cooled by the heat exchanger from an upper outer peripheral side of each story toward a center; and a first duct for blowing air from the first duct. And a second duct for sucking the collected air below the center of the story and returning it to the heat exchanger, wherein the at least first duct is provided independently for each story. Heating and cooling equipment for underground structures. 3. A peripheral wall forming a mortar-shaped space, a plurality of support members provided around the mortar-shaped space so as to have the same plane height, and an end supported by the plurality of support means. And a hierarchical structure provided on a plurality of levels having a level portion disposed at a central portion at a predetermined distance from at least the peripheral wall portion. The cooling and heating equipment comprises: a heat exchanger; a first duct for blowing air cooled by the heat exchanger from the upper outer peripheral side of the uppermost layer toward the center; and air blown to each level. A third duct that sucks the air below the center of the floor and blows out from the upper outer peripheral side of the floor located below the center toward the center, and air blown out of the third duct at the lowest floor. Suction and heat exchange below the center And a second duct for returning to the vessel. 4. A peripheral wall forming a mortar-shaped space, a plurality of support members provided around the mortar-shaped space so as to have the same plane height, and an end supported by the plurality of support means. And a hierarchical structure provided on a plurality of levels having a level portion disposed at a central portion at a predetermined distance from at least the peripheral wall portion. Wherein the cooling and heating equipment collects a heat exchanger, a duct for guiding the air heated by the heat exchanger to the lowermost layer, and the warmed air formed substantially at the center of the lower part of each hierarchical structure. A cooling and heating system for an underground structure, comprising: a collection port; and a plurality of communication ports for guiding warm air collected at the collection port substantially uniformly on a hierarchical structure located thereon.