JP3263041B2 - Shield excavation method and shield excavator - Google Patents

Description

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

[0001]

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention The present invention relates to a shield excavation method and a shield excavation machine, and more particularly to a method of assembling a steel pipe segment having an arc-shaped cross section having a circumferential length obtained by dividing a tunnel inner circumference into a plurality of pieces in a circumferential direction. The present invention relates to a shield excavation technique capable of effectively supporting a soil water pressure load.

[0002]

2. Description of the Related Art A shield excavator is widely used as a drilling device for constructing various shield tunnels (water and sewage tunnels, subway tunnels, communication cable tunnels, tunnels for common ditch, etc.) by a shield method. ing. Generally, this shield excavator generally includes an excavator main body, a cutter head rotatably provided at a front end of the excavator main body, a driving mechanism for driving the cutter head to rotate forward and reverse, and an outer surface of the excavator main body. An erector, which is disposed in the rear trunk and is used for lining the inner surface of the tunnel with a plurality of segments every time a predetermined length is excavated in the axial direction of the tunnel, a plurality of shield jacks, an earth discharging facility, and the like. The shield jack takes a reaction force at the front end of the existing segment to make the shield machine excavate. The earth discharging facility has a function of carrying excavated soil excavated by the cutter head and muddy water containing the excavated soil to the ground.

Conventionally, a concrete segment or a steel skin having a predetermined length in the axial direction of the tunnel and a size obtained by dividing the inner peripheral surface of the tunnel into a plurality of sections (generally 6 or 7 sections) in the circumferential direction. A steel segment including a plate, a girder member, a rib, and the like is applied. These concrete segments and steel segments have a predetermined length (for example, about 100 to 175 mm) in order to withstand the earth pressure, which is an external pressure.

When assembling the segment on the inner peripheral surface of the tunnel, the excavation of the tunnel is stopped every time the tunnel is excavated for a predetermined length (for one ring). A gap is formed at the segment assembling position by retracting only the rod portion. Other shield jacks react against existing segments to support earth pressure loads. Most of the shield jacks support the shield machine from retreating due to earth pressure applied to the cutter head.

Next, the segment is gripped by an erector,
The rod portion of the shield jack is assembled at the contracted position, and then pressed rearward by the shield jack corresponding to the segment to abut the front end of the existing segment. In this way, a plurality of segments are sequentially assembled on the inner peripheral surface of the tunnel, a segment ring for one ring is assembled, and then tunnel excavation is resumed. The segments adjacent in the circumferential and axial directions are connected by bolts and nuts.

On the other hand, Japanese Unexamined Patent Publication No. Hei 10-148098 discloses a shield machine capable of remarkably simplifying the assembly of segments. In other words, in this shield machine, a ring-shaped steel pipe segment (hereinafter simply referred to as a steel pipe segment) having a predetermined length in the axial direction of the tunnel and divided at one location in the circumferential direction is applied. Lining the inner surface sequentially. In this shield excavator, a gripper support tube that extends through the inside of the trunk and extends rearward through the center of the tunnel, and an expansion device that is provided on the gripper support tube so as to fit outwardly and expands the steel pipe segment in a radially expanding direction. , A grip device.

[0007] The grip device includes two sets of grippers externally provided at the rear of the gripper support tube projecting rearward from the rear end of the rear trunk, and the grippers being capable of being axially moved to the gripper support tube. It has a supporting cylinder and a position switching mechanism for switching the axial position of the cylinder. The cylindrical body is slidably fitted to the gripper support tube, and when the two sets of grippers are brought into a grip function state, they are elastically deformed and become fixed to the gripper support tube. Each of the two sets of grippers has a hydraulic cylinder radially fixed at a position equally divided into four parts in the circumferential direction of the outer peripheral portion of the cylindrical body, and a grip member connected to a rod tip of the hydraulic cylinder.

When the piston rod of the hydraulic cylinder is extended, the four grip members come into close contact with the inner surface of the existing steel pipe segment, and the cylindrical body is elastically deformed to be in a gripping state. Is firmly fixed, so that the earth pressure load is transmitted from the gripper support pipe to the cylinder, transmitted to the grip member via the hydraulic cylinder, and transmitted to the existing steel pipe segment.

[0009]

In the case of applying a plurality of segments divided in the circumferential direction of the tunnel as described above, each time the tunnel is dug a predetermined length, the plurality of segments are lifted one by one to the inner surface of the tunnel. Position
The axially and circumferentially adjacent segments must be bolted respectively. As described above, since the number of segment divisions is large, the load of the segment assembling work and the bolt joining work is increased, the work time of the segment assembling work is long, the efficiency of tunnel excavation is reduced, the construction period is lengthened, and disadvantageous. Become.

Since the segment has a predetermined thickness, the inner diameter of the tunnel to be excavated is set to be, for example, smaller than the inner diameter of the segment ring in consideration of the thickness in order to obtain the desired inner diameter of the segment ring. 200mm ~ 35
It must be about 0 mm larger. Therefore, the amount of excavated soil to be excavated increases, and a large shield excavator is required, and the excavation efficiency is reduced. In addition, the segments are assembled at the intended assembly positions, and the bolts are repeatedly connected to the adjacent existing segments in order to assemble the segments for one ring. Accuracy is likely to decrease, making it difficult to secure the sealing property of the joint between segments, and making it difficult to enhance the finished appearance of the inner surface of the tunnel.

In the shield machine described in Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. H10-148098, the piston rod of the hydraulic cylinder of the grip device is extended to prevent the body of the machine from retreating by earth pressure when the excavation is stopped. The four grip members are firmly gripped by pressing and contacting the inner surface of the reinforced steel pipe segment, and the soil water pressure load is finally transmitted to the reinforced steel pipe segment. However, the soil water pressure load varies depending on the depth from the ground.
It can be as large as ~ 300 tons.

In this case, the pressing force of the gripper is about 500 to 1500 tons when the friction coefficient of the gripper is 0.2. When the inner surface of the steel pipe segment is pressed orthogonally by such a large pressing force, there is a problem that the steel pipe segment is deformed and water leaks from a joint portion connecting the steel pipe segments. Further, the grip device has a problem in that the access of the operator before and after the grip device is impaired, which hinders the assembly of the segments.

It is an object of the present invention to simplify and improve the efficiency of assembling the segments, to reduce the amount of excavated soil, and to support the soil pressure load on the existing reinforced segments without deforming the segments. That is, to increase the accuracy of assembling the segments, and to improve the access of workers near the erector.

[0014]

According to a first aspect of the present invention, there is provided a shield excavating method in which a tunnel is excavated by a shield excavator and a segment is lined on an inner surface of the tunnel by an erector. When lining the inner circumference of the tunnel using a steel pipe split segment with a circular arc cross section having a circumferential length divided into a plurality of
A soil pressure load acting on the shield machine from the front in the machine direction is applied to the shield machine at a plurality of positions in the circumferential direction of the machine.
A load support placed independently of the key and between the shield jacks
A first step of supporting the reinforced existing segment via a plurality of load supporting mechanisms each having a holding jack , and a steel pipe split body section at a front side of the reinforced segment.
When moving the segment in the circumferential direction,
Of the rod in the load-bearing jack that interferes with the
A second step of assembling the plurality of steel pipe segment segments into a ring shape by an erector while preventing interference through extension and extension, and moving the segment ring assembled in the ring shape rearward by a plurality of shield jacks to cover the segments. The third step of contacting the front end of the processed segment is performed to perform the lining.

During tunnel excavation, excavation is performed while applying a reaction force to the front end of an existing segment already covered with a plurality of shield jacks. Every time one ring of the segment ring is excavated in the axial direction, the inner surface of the excavated tunnel is covered with a steel pipe segment having an arc-shaped cross section by an erector.

When lining the inner surface of the tunnel using the steel pipe segment, the excavation is stopped, and in the first step, the soil hydraulic load acting on the shield excavator from the front in the excavation direction is applied to the excavator body. Shields at multiple locations in the circumferential direction
A load placed independently of the jack and between the shield jacks
The existing segment is supported via a plurality of load supporting mechanisms each having a heavy supporting mechanism . Next, in the second step, when moving the plurality of steel pipe segment segments in the circumferential direction on the front side of the existing segment ,
Load support jacks that interfere with the steel pipe segment
While preventing interference through retraction and extension of the rod part,
Assemble into a ring shape by erector. Next, in a third step, the segment rings assembled by extending the rod portions of the plurality of shield jacks into a ring shape are moved rearward to contact the front ends of the reinforced segments.

Since a segment in which the inner circumference of the tunnel is divided into a plurality of portions in the circumferential direction is used, the number of times of assembling the segments by the erector is reduced, the bolt connection work for connecting the segments is reduced, and the operation time of the segment assembly work is shortened. . Since the soil pressure load is supported by the reinforced segment via the load support mechanism, it is possible to reliably and safely support the segment. The segment of the steel pipe segment is assembled into a ring-shaped segment ring by an erector, and the segment ring is moved by a plurality of shield jacks to cover it. This simplifies the segment assembly work and facilitates the segment assembly accuracy. Can be increased.

[0018]

In the second step, of the plurality of load supporting jacks, when the steel pipe segment is moved in the circumferential direction, only the rod portion of the load supporting jack which interferes with the steel pipe segment and the erector is retracted. Then, the steel pipe segment segment is moved to a desired position in the circumferential direction, and then the retracted rod portion is extended.

As described above, a series of operations of retracting the rod portion of the load supporting jack that interferes with the erector, moving the steel pipe segment in the circumferential direction, and extending the retracted rod portion are performed a plurality of times, thereby performing a plurality of operations. The steel pipe segment can be assembled in a ring shape. Since it is not necessary to switch the gripping position of the steel pipe segment during the movement thereof, the segment ring assembling operation can be performed efficiently.

[0021] The shield method according to claim 2, claim 1,
In the invention of the above, at the rear end of the steel pipe segment, an inner fitting engagement piece which can be internally fitted to the inner surface of the front end of the existing segment is formed in advance, and the segment ring is formed on the inner surface of the front end of the existing segment. It is characterized by being fitted inside. The bolt connection work between the existing segment and the segment ring is not required, and the assembly work of the segment is simplified.

According to a third aspect of the present invention, there is provided a shield machine, a machine body, a body member on an outer surface of the machine body, a cutter head, and head driving means for rotating the cutter head.
In a shield excavator provided with a plurality of shield jacks, an erector is provided for lining a steel pipe segment having an arc-shaped cross section having a circumferential length obtained by dividing the inner circumference of the tunnel into a plurality of pieces in the circumferential direction on the inner surface of the tunnel. Seals arranged between the jacks in parallel with the shield jacks
A plurality of load supporting mechanisms for transmitting a soil pressure load acting on the shield machine from the front in the digging direction at the time of assembling the segment to the existing segment via a plurality of load supporting jacks independent of the dojack are provided.

During tunnel excavation, the cutter head is rotationally driven by the head driving means to excavate while applying a reaction force to the front end of the existing segment with a plurality of shield jacks. 1 equal to the length of the segment in the axial direction of the tunnel
Each time the ring is excavated, when lining the steel pipe segment on the inner surface of the tunnel, the excavation is stopped and earth pressure is safely applied to the existing segment via multiple load support jacks independent of the shield jack. It can be reliably transmitted and supported. Thus, the steel pipe segment can be assembled by the erector while the shield machine is supported so as not to retreat.

According to a fourth aspect of the present invention, in the shield machine according to the third aspect , the load supporting jack is disposed with its rod portion facing backward, and each of the load supporting mechanisms includes a load supporting jack and the load supporting jack. A detachable bracket connected to the rear end of the rod portion of the support jack and extending outward in the tunnel radial direction, a spreader connected to the outer end of the detachable bracket, and the spreader fixed to the inner surface of the existing segment to remove the spreader from behind. And a stopper member for receiving.

When lining the inner surface of the tunnel using the steel pipe segment, a detachable metal fitting and a spreader are attached to the rod portion of each load supporting jack, the rod portion is extended, and the stopper member is attached to the spreader rearward. Contact. The earth pressure load is transmitted from the load supporting jack to the spreader via the attachment / detachment fitting, and is received by the stopper member via the spreader. Since there is no need to apply a large pressing force to the inner surface of the steel pipe segment to support the soil water pressure load, a steel pipe segment having a relatively small thickness can be applied, and the amount of excavated soil can be reduced. At the time of tunnel excavation, remove the attachment / detachment from the rod part so that the attachment / detachment and the stopper member do not interfere,
Retract the rod part of the load supporting jack.

[0026] The shield machine according to the fifth aspect is the third aspect of the present invention.
The invention according to claim 4 , wherein the load supporting jack is disposed between the inner surface of the body member and a gap capable of passing through the steel pipe segment. The steel pipe split segments can be freely passed through the gap, and the steel pipe split segments can be assembled in a ring shape by utilizing the gap.

[0027]

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS A shield machine according to an embodiment of the present invention will be described below with reference to the drawings. However, the following description also includes a description of the shield excavation method. Note that the front, rear, left, and right directions toward the excavation direction will be described as front, rear, left, and right.

As shown in FIGS. 1, 2, and 3, the shield machine 1 includes an excavator body 2, a trunk member 2a on the outer surface of the excavator body 2, and a front end of the excavator body 2. A cutter head 3 rotatably provided, and the cutter head 3
, A head drive mechanism 4 for rotationally driving the head, for example, ten shield jacks 5, an erector 6, four sets of load support mechanisms 7, an earth discharging facility 8, and the like. The cutter head 3 has a plurality of cutter spokes 3a and a number of cutter bits 3 attached to the front end of the cutter spokes 3a.
b, a copy cutter 3c for excavation, and the like. The head drive mechanism 4 includes a plurality of hydraulic drive motors 4a and the like. The head drive mechanism 4 is fixed to a front end of the excavator main body 2, that is, a vertical partition wall 9 inside the body member 2a, and drives the cutter head 3 to rotate forward and reverse.

As shown in FIGS. 1 and 3, a ring frame 10a is fixed along the rear inner surface of the body member 2a, and support brackets 10b are fixed ahead of the ring frame 10a at appropriate circumferential intervals. Have been. For example, 10
The shield jacks 5 are disposed rearward at appropriate intervals in the circumferential direction. The jack body of each shield jack 5 is fixed to the ring frame 10a in a penetrating manner, and the front end of the jack body is received by the support bracket 10b. I have.

When the shield jack 5 excavates, the shield excavator 1 excavates by receiving a reaction force at the front end of the reinforced segment. A spreader 13 is connected to a rear end of the rod portion of the shield jack 5 via an eccentric fitting 11. On the other hand, a press ring 12 formed in a substantially arc shape (in the case of the present embodiment, a 1/3 arc shape) is provided along the section arc of the segment, and the thrust of the four or three shield jacks 5 is eccentric. Spreader 13 from metal fittings 11
And transmitted to the segment via the press ring 12.

As shown in FIG. 1 and FIG.
Has an erector main body 14, an erector drum 15 for supporting the erector main body 14 and rotating around the tunnel axis, and a drum driving motor 16 for driving the erector drum 15 to rotate. Erector drum 1
5 is rotatably supported by a plurality of flanged guide rollers attached to a plurality of brackets via support members, and the guided portion 15a of the erector drum 15 is supported by the plurality of flanged guide rollers. A chain member 15b is fixed to the inner peripheral surface of the erector drum 15, and a sprocket 16a of the drum driving motor 16 is connected to the chain member 1b.
5b, and drives the erector drum 15 to rotate.

The erector body 14 is connected to the erector drum 15 via a connecting member 17, and the movable frame 1
8 and a segment grip 19. The erector body 14 is provided with a pair of left and right guide cylinders 20 fixed to the connecting member 17, and hydraulic cylinders 21 for moving the movable frame 18 to the inner side of the tunnel are provided on the rear side of each guide cylinder 20. ing.

The movable frame 18 is provided on the movable frame body 1.
8a and a pair of left and right guide rods 18b, the movable frame body 18a is oriented in a direction orthogonal to the tunnel axis, and a pair of left and right guide rods 18b is provided at both left and right ends of the movable frame body 18a. Main body 18a
And in a state orthogonal to both the axis direction of the tunnel and the axis of the tunnel. Each of the pair of guide rods 18b is slidably guided by a guide cylinder 20, and the movable frame main body 18a is connected to a rod portion of a hydraulic cylinder 21.

Therefore, the movable frame 18 is moved and driven by the hydraulic cylinder 21, the guide rod 18b is slidably guided by the guide cylinder 20, and the movable frame body 18a moves in the tunnel radial direction (vertical direction in FIG. 3). The segment gripping portion 19 is provided on the movable frame main body 18a so as to be adjustable in the front-rear direction by a hydraulic cylinder 22, and grips a segment transported by a transport trolley or the like to assemble it on the inner surface of the tunnel.

As shown in FIG. 1 and FIGS. 3 to 8, when supporting the soil pressure load acting on the front end of the shield machine 1 at the time of assembling the segments, the inner circumference of the tunnel is substantially
Four sets of load support mechanisms 7 are provided at equally dividing positions. Each load support mechanism 7 includes a load support jack 23 oriented in the front-rear direction and a rod portion 23 of the load support jack 23.
a attachment / detachment fitting 24 that can be attached to and detached from a, a spreader 29,
A stopper member welded to the inner surface of the segment; Each load support jack 23 is disposed between the shield jacks 5 and is fixed to the ring frame 10a in a rearward direction.

As shown in FIGS. 6 to 8, the detachable metal fitting 24 is disposed in the radial direction of the tunnel, and the inner end thereof is
The boss 26 is fitted with a boss 26 at the end of the boss 3a, and a detachable connecting pin 27 is fitted into the hole 26a of the boss 26 to be connected. The outer end of the attachment / detachment 24 is connected to a spreader 29 via a connection pin 28, and the spreader 29 is supported from behind by a stopper member 25. Note that the spreader 29 and the stopper member 25 can be in contact with and separated from each other. The earth pressure applied to the front end of the shield machine 1 is transmitted to the four load supporting jacks 23, and is supported by the reinforced segment Sa via the attachment / detachment fitting 24, the spreader 29, and the stopper member 25.

As shown in FIGS. 1 and 3, the earth discharging facility 8
It has a screw conveyor 30 for carrying excavated soil excavated by the cutter head 3 to the ground. The front end of the screw conveyor 30 is fixed to the partition wall 9 so as to be inclined forward and downward, and communicates with the chamber 31.
A hydraulic motor 32 for rotating the screw 30a is provided on the rear end side. In addition, screw conveyor 3
0 at the rearmost end behind the hydraulic motor 32.
0b is formed, and a hydraulic cylinder 33 for opening and closing the discharging port 30b is provided. The excavated earth and sand excavated by the cutter head 3 is introduced into the screw conveyor 30 from the inside of the chamber 31 and discharged to a conveyor (not shown) from an earth discharging port 30 b opened by a hydraulic cylinder 33, and is transported in a tunnel by the conveyor or the like. Is transported to the rear and discharged from the shaft to the ground. If the shield machine is a shield machine for muddy water, a mud discharging facility or the like is provided instead of the earth discharging facility 8.

As shown in FIG. 4, the ring-shaped segment S is a steel pipe segment SA having an arc-shaped cross section and having a circumferential length obtained by substantially equally dividing the inner periphery of the tunnel into three in the circumferential direction.
, SB, and SK (hereinafter, referred to as segments SA, SB, and SK), and these segments SA, SB, and SK
Is manufactured by bending a steel plate having a thickness of, for example, 19 mm, and a stopper member 25 is welded to the inner surface of each of the segments SA, SB, and SK inward in the radial direction. The segment SA is disposed below the inner periphery of the tunnel in FIG. 4, has a slightly longer arc length than the segments SB and SK, and the segments SB and SK are disposed on the left and right of the inner periphery of the tunnel, respectively. . The segments SA, SB, and SK are sequentially arranged counterclockwise or clockwise to assemble one ring-shaped segment ring S.

As shown in FIG. 4, the segments SA and SB
, SK at both ends in the circumferential direction are flanged joints 3
4 are formed, and the adjacent flange joint portions 34 are joined by a plurality of bolts 35. In addition, each segment SA, S
At the center in the circumferential direction on the inner surface side of B and SK, a filling metal fitting 46 for filling the mortar to the outside of the segment after lining is provided. When the segment is gripped by the erector 6, the filling fitting 46 is gripped by the segment gripper 19 of the erector 6.

As shown in FIG. 9 and FIG.
At the rear end of A, SB and SK, the reinforced segment Sa
The inner fitting engagement piece 36 that can be fitted inside is welded in advance to the inner surface of the front end portion of the front end portion.
The continuity of the inner surfaces of the segment ring S and the reinforced segment Sa is ensured by being fitted inside the inner surface of the front end portion of a. In addition, since the sealing member 36a made of synthetic resin is also provided on the outer peripheral surface of the inner fitting engagement piece 36, the joint of the segments can be sealed.

Next, the operation of the shield machine 1 will be described. At the time of tunnel excavation, while applying a reaction force to the front end of the reinforced segment Sa via the press ring 13 by the plurality of shield jacks 5 and extending the shield jacks 5, the plurality of hydraulic drive motors 4 a are connected. The cutter head 3 is driven to rotate and excavate. Each time one ring of the segment ring S is excavated, the drive of the hydraulic drive motor 4a is stopped to stop excavation, and the segments SA and SB are applied to the inner surface of the excavated tunnel by the erector 6.
, SK.

Next, when lining the inner surface of the tunnel using the segments SA, SB, and SK, the segments SA, SB
, SK will be described. In the first step, when the excavation for one ring is completed, the excavation is interrupted, and then the load supporting jacks 23 are
The rod portion 23a is extended in a state where the attachment / detachment fitting 24 and the spreader 29 are connected to the rod portion 23a, and the spreader 29 is brought into contact with the stopper member 25 of the covered segment Sa from the front. The earth pressure applied to the shield machine 1 is transmitted from the cutter head 3 to the trunk member 2a, the load supporting jack 23, the attachment / detachment fitting 24, and the spreader 29 in this order, transmitted from the spreader 29 to the stopper member 25, and received by the stopper member 25. Can be

Stopper member 2 of lining segment Sa
5, the structure is such that the spreader 29 is received from behind and the soil pressure load is supported, so that it is not necessary to apply a large pressing force to the inner surface of the reinforced segment Sa to support the soil pressure load. As a result, the thin segment S
A, SB, and SK can be applied, and the segments SA, S
Since the amount of excavated soil can be reduced by the reduced thickness of B and SK, the size of the shield machine 1 can be reduced, and the equipment cost of the shield machine 1 and the running cost of tunnel excavation can be reduced. Very advantageous.

Next, in the second step, the segment SA
, SB and SK are assembled into a ring-shaped segment ring S by the erector 6 on the front side of the reinforced segment Sa. More specifically, first, the segment SA is supplied to a position below the erector 6 by a transport trolley. still,
The erector 6 is waiting at a predetermined rotational position so that the supplied segment SA does not interfere with the erector 6.

After the supply of the segment SA, the drum driving motor 16 is moved so that the segment gripper 19 is at the lower position.
Then, the hydraulic cylinder 21 of the erector 6 is driven to move the guide rod 18b, and the movable frame body 18a is moved in the tunnel radial direction. Further, the segment SA is gripped by the segment gripper 19 and rotated to a predetermined position in the circumferential direction. At this time, of the four load supporting jacks 23, only the rod portion 23a of the load supporting jack 23 that interferes with the segment SA or the erector 6 is retracted, and the segment SA is moved toward a predetermined mounting target position. , At the time of non-interference, the retracted rod portion 23a
Is extended. At the time of retreat of the rod portion 23a, the attaching / detaching metal fitting 24 and the spreader 29 are newly installed in the segment SA.
So that it does not interfere with the stopper member 25 of the
It is necessary to take measures such as removing the rod from the rod portion 23a.

Thereafter, similarly, the segment SB is moved to a predetermined position adjacent to the segment SA in the circumferential direction, and the flange joints 34 of these segments SA and SB are connected to each other by bolts 3.
Temporarily tighten with 5 Next, after the segment SK is moved to a predetermined position and temporarily assembled, the flange joints 34 of the segments SA and SK and the flange joints 34 of the segments SB and SK are temporarily fastened with bolts 35. Thus, after assembling the segments SA, SB, and SK into the segment ring, the segment holding portion 19 is separated from the segment SK.

As described above, the rod portion 23a of the load supporting jack 23 which interferes with the segment SA and the erector 6 retreats, the segments SA, SB, and SK move in the circumferential direction.
The segments SA, SB, and SK can be assembled into a ring-shaped segment ring S by performing a series of operations of extending the retracted rod portion 23a a plurality of times. Segment S
Since it is not necessary to switch the gripping positions of A, SB, and SK during the movement in the circumferential direction, the assembly work of the segment ring S can be performed efficiently.

Next, in the third step, the rod portions of the ten shield jacks 5 are simultaneously extended,
The press ring 12 is brought into contact with the front end of the newly provided segment ring S via the spreader 1 and the spreader 13, the rod portion is further extended to push the segment ring S rearward, and the inner end of the rear end of the segment ring S is fitted. The engagement piece 36 is
The inner surface of the front end of the reinforced segment Sa is fitted inside.
As a result, the assembling of the segment ring S is completed, so that the bolt joining operation between the reinforced segment Sa and the segment ring S becomes unnecessary, and the assembling operation of the segment is simplified.

According to the shield excavator 1 and the shield excavation method described above, the following effects can be obtained. Since the segment segments S A, S B and S K of the steel pipe segment can be constituted by three segments, the number of times of assembling the segments is reduced, and the work of connecting bolts for connecting the segments is also reduced. Since the load is reduced, the work efficiency of segment assembly is improved,
Tunnel excavation costs can be reduced.

After assembling the segment ring S on the front side of the existing segment Sa, the segment ring S is moved rearward by the plurality of shield jacks 5 and connected to the existing segment Sa. The inner surface can be neatly lined, and water leakage from a joint between the segment rings hardly occurs. In particular, an inner fitting engagement piece 36 and a sealing member 36a are provided at the rear ends of the segments SA, SB, and SK, and the inner fitting engagement piece 36 is engaged with the inner surface of the existing segment Sa.
The continuity of the joint between the segment rings is enhanced, and water leakage from the joint is less likely to occur.

At the time of assembling the segments, the load of earth pressure acting on the shield machine 1 is supported by the stopper members 25 fixed to the inner surface of the existing segment Sa by the four load supporting mechanisms 7. Segment SA,
It is not necessary to increase the thickness and rigidity of SB and SK so much.
The steel pipe segment segments SA, SB, SK made of a steel plate having a thickness of about 10 to 30 mm can be applied. These types of segments SA, SB, and SK can be easily and inexpensively produced as compared with conventional concrete segments and steel segments, so that the segment cost used for tunnel lining can be reduced.

Moreover, since the excavation diameter of the tunnel can be reduced by the reduction of the thickness of the segments SA, SB and SK,
The size of the shield machine 1 can be reduced, the amount of excavated soil can be reduced, and the cost of tunnel excavation can be reduced. In addition, since the load supporting jack 23 is disposed between the shield jacks 5 in the front-rear direction, the load supporting jack 23 can support a soil pressure load while minimizing interference between the load supporting jack 23 and the erector 6. became.

Further, the stroke of the load supporting jack 23 is made larger than the length of the segments SA, SB, SK in the axial direction of the tunnel, so that when the segments SA, SB, SK are moved in the circumferential direction at the time of assembling the segments, the load is reduced. Interference between the load support jack 23 and the erector 6 can be avoided through the retraction and extension of the rod portion of the support jack 23, and a reduction in the work efficiency of the assembly work of the segments SA, SB, and SK can be prevented. .

Next, a shield excavator 1A in which the shield excavator 1 is partially modified and a shield excavation method using the shield excavator will be described with reference to FIGS. In this shield machine 1A, only the load supporting mechanism is different from that of the above-described embodiment. Therefore, the same reference numerals are given to the same components as those of the above-described embodiment, and the description is omitted.

As shown in FIGS. 11 and 12, in the shield machine 1A, a front body member 2b, a rear body member 2c, and these body members 2b, 2c are provided on the outer surface of the body of the machine.
And a middle bend part 2d for connecting the center bendable, and a plurality of middle bend jacks 45 are also provided on both left and right sides. Two sets of load support mechanisms 40 for transmitting a soil pressure load acting on the front end of the shield machine 1A to the reinforced segment Sa are provided on the left side and the right side. Each load supporting mechanism 40 includes a load supporting jack 41 and a detachable metal fitting 4 that can be attached to and detached from a rod portion 41 a of the load supporting jack 41.
2, a spreader 43, and a stopper member 38. Each load supporting jack 41 is disposed between the shield jacks 5 in the front-rear direction and the rear direction, and the jack body is fixed to the ring frame 10a.

Each load supporting jack 41 is disposed with a gap δ that can pass through the segment SC between the load supporting jack 41 and the inner surface of the body member, and each load supporting jack 41 has a stroke shorter than the length of the segment SC in the tunnel axial direction. For example, about 5
0 mm) and a rod portion 41b longer than the segment Sc in the tunnel axis direction.
The attachment / detachment fitting 42 and the spreader 43 are the same as those in the above embodiment. The load can be transmitted and released via the load support jack 41, and the contact condition between the stopper member 38 and the stopper member 38 can be adjusted.

As shown in FIGS. 33 to 34, the segment ring S is formed by combining three segments SC each having a 120-degree arc-shaped cross section obtained by dividing a circle into three equal parts and connecting them in a ring shape. The inner surface of each segment SC includes the same filling metal fitting as the above-mentioned filling metal fitting 46, and includes the segment SC.
A plurality of gripping members 37 are provided so as to grip the segment SC with the segment gripping portion 19 of the erector 6, and a stopper member 38 (see FIG. 11) is welded to the inner surface of the segment SC, and both ends of the segment SC in the circumferential direction are provided. A flange joint portion 39 is formed in the portion, and the flange joint portions 39 of adjacent segments SC are bolted together.

The inner end of the segment SC is welded to the inner end of the front end of the reinforced segment Sa in the same manner as in the previous embodiment. By fitting the piece inside the inner surface of the front end of the reinforced segment Sa, continuity between the segment ring S and the inner surface of the reinforced segment Sa is ensured.

Next, a procedure for lining the segment SC on the inner surface of the excavated tunnel will be described with reference to FIGS. As shown in FIG.
At the time of assembling, with the excavation stopped, in the first step, in each of the load supporting mechanisms 40, the detachable fitting 42 and the spreader 43 are attached to the rod portion 41a of the load supporting jack 41, and a pair of load The pair of rod portions 41b of the support mechanism 40 is extended, and the spreader 43 is supported from behind by the stopper member 38 of the reinforced segment Sa. The soil pressure load is applied from the cutter head 3 to the body member 2b,
The center bending jack 45, the load supporting jack 41, the attachment / detachment fitting 42, and the spreader 43 are transmitted in this order, and are transmitted from the spreader 43 to the stopper member 38, and the stopper member 38 is transmitted.
Supported by

Next, in the second step, as shown in FIG. 11, the segment SC is formed into a ring-shaped segment ring S by the erector 6 by using the gap δ in front of the reinforced segment Sa and utilizing the gap δ. Assemble. In this case, as shown in FIG. 13, the segment SC is first carried in to the position below the erector 6 by means of a carrier truck. Next, FIG.
As shown in FIG. 4, the segment gripper 19 is rotated so as to be at the lower position, and then the hydraulic cylinder 21 of the erector 6 is driven to move the movable frame body 18a in the tunnel radial direction. S
Grasp C.

Next, as shown in FIG. 15, the drum driving motor is rotated to rotate the segment SC toward a predetermined circumferential assembly position. During the rotation of the segment SC, since the segment holding portion 19 and one load supporting jack 41 interfere with each other, a switching operation of the segment holding position is performed as shown in FIG. In this case, another holding member 37 in the circumferential direction of the segment SC is held by the segment holding portion 19.

Next, as shown in FIG. 17, the drum driving motor is rotated to rotate the segment SC to a predetermined assembly position in the circumferential direction. Hereinafter, as shown in FIGS. 18 to 34, the supply, the grip, the rotation, the switching of the grip position, and the like of the segment SC are repeatedly performed in the same manner as described above to finally assemble the ring-shaped segment ring S. Here, FIG.
As shown in FIG. 5, when the expansion jacks 44 are provided near the left and right of the segment gripping portion 19, respectively, and when the rod portions of the pair of expansion jacks 44 are equally extended while the segment SC is gripped by the segment gripping portion 19, The segment SC is held symmetrically with respect to the segment holding portion 19, and the one rod portion of the pair of expansion jacks 44 is retracted to tilt the segment SC to one side with respect to the segment holding portion 19. It can be kept in the state. When assembling the segment ring, use the segment gripper 1 when assembling the third segment of the ladder.
Assume that the segment SC is inclined in any one direction with respect to 9 and assembled in a ring shape.

According to the shield excavator 1A and the shield excavation method described above, basically the same effects as in the above embodiment can be obtained, but different effects will be described below. The segment SC can be freely passed through the gap δ, and since the segment SC is assembled into a ring using the gap δ, a jack having a very small stroke can be applied as the load supporting jack 41. The production cost of the load supporting jack 41 can be reduced.

Further, since the number of the load supporting jacks 41 is small, the production cost of the load supporting jacks 41 is further improved. However, even if the stroke of the load supporting jack 41 is small, the load supporting jack 41 can be used to switch the load transmission, release of transmission, adjustment of the contact state with the stopper member 38, and the like. Can be secured.

1) In the above-described embodiment, the case where a segment obtained by dividing the inner surface of the tunnel into three in the circumferential direction has been described as an example. However, the circumferential direction obtained by dividing the inner surface of the tunnel into two, four, five, etc. in the circumferential direction is used. It is also possible to apply a steel pipe segment having an arcuate cross section having a length. still,
Three or four divisions are desirable in terms of economy and the like.
Division is best. 2) In the above embodiment, the case where the segments are moved via the press ring 13 by the plurality of shield jacks 5 has been described as an example. However, the segments may be directly pressed by the plurality of spreaders 29 without using the press ring 13. .

3) In the above embodiment, the segment S
When interference between the erector 6 and the load supporting jack 23 occurs during the assembly of A, SB and SK, the load supporting jack 23
The switching of the segment gripping position may be performed as necessary without retreating or extending the rod portion 23a. 4) The number of the load support jacks 23 is determined by the magnitude of the earth pressure load according to the shield diameter and the depth, and may be provided as 5 or more, or 2 to 4. In addition,
It goes without saying that various modifications can be made to the above embodiment without departing from the spirit of the present invention.

[0067]

According to the first aspect of the present invention, since a plurality of segments obtained by dividing the inner periphery of the tunnel in the circumferential direction are applied, the number of times the segments are assembled by the erector is reduced, and the bolt connection work for connecting the segments is performed. And the work efficiency of segment assembly work is improved. The earth pressure load acting on the shield machine from the front is called the shield jack.
Load support jaws independently and between shield jacks
Since the reinforced existing segments are supported via the plurality of load supporting mechanisms each having a jack, the soil water pressure load can be reliably and safely supported.

The steel pipe segment is assembled into a ring-shaped segment ring by an erector, and the segment ring is moved by a plurality of shield jacks for lining, so that the segment assembling operation is simplified and the segment is formed. This is advantageous in that the assembling accuracy can be easily increased, the finished appearance of the inner surface of the tunnel is enhanced, and the sealing performance of the connection between the segment rings is ensured. And the load support jack that interferes with the
Retraction of rod part, segmented steel pipe segment by erector
Movement of the rod in the circumferential direction and extension of the retracted rod
Perform the repetition operation multiple times to assemble the segment ring.
The steel pipe segment segments can be grasped by an erector.
Since there is no need to change the holding position during the movement,
Improve the efficiency of ment ring assembly work and shorten the construction period
be able to.

[0069]

According to the second aspect of the present invention, when the segment ring is brought into contact with the front end of the existing segment, the internal fitting engagement piece is internally fitted to the inner surface of the front end of the existing segment, thereby switching the segment ring. The continuity of the inner surface of the segment can be ensured, and the bolt connection work between the existing segment and the segment ring becomes unnecessary, and the assembly work of the segment is simplified. The other effects are the same as those of the first aspect .

According to a third aspect of the present invention, there is provided a shield excavator, wherein an erector for covering a steel pipe segment having an arc-shaped cross section having a circumferential length obtained by dividing the inner periphery of the tunnel into a plurality of parts in the circumferential direction is provided on the inner surface of the tunnel. the soil water pressure load acting on the sheet
A plurality of load support mechanisms that transmit to existing segments via multiple load support jacks independent of the field jack are provided, so during the assembly of the segment, earth pressure load is safely and securely supported via multiple load support jacks. can do. Therefore, when assembling the segment, after assembling the segment ring on the front side of the existing segment,
The segment ring can be pushed rearward to be connected to the existing segment. In this case, it is possible to simplify the operation of assembling the segments, easily increase the accuracy of assembling the segments, enhance the finished appearance of the inner surface of the tunnel, and secure the sealability of the connection between the segment rings. Moreover, since there is no need to apply a gripper device as described in JP-A-10-148098,
It is easier to secure the lower access passage in the tunnel.

According to the fourth aspect of the present invention, the earth pressure load is transmitted from the load supporting jack to the spreader via the attachment / detachment, and the spreader is received from behind by the stopper member fixed to the inner surface of the segment. Therefore,
Since it is not necessary to apply a large pressing force to the inner surface of the steel pipe segment and support the soil pressure load through frictional force, even if a relatively small thickness of the steel pipe segment is applied, deformation or deformation of the segment may occur. No water leakage will occur. Therefore, a steel pipe segment having a relatively small thickness can be used, the amount of excavated soil can be reduced by the reduction in the thickness of the segment, and the shield machine can be downsized. The other effects are the same as those of the third aspect .

According to the fifth aspect of the present invention, since the load supporting jack is provided with a gap that can pass through the steel pipe segment, between the load supporting jack and the inner surface of the body member, the gap is utilized by utilizing the gap. The steel pipe segment can be assembled in a ring shape. At the time of assembling, there is no need to expand and contract the rod portion of the load supporting jack, so that the soil water pressure load can be stably supported. Other effects similar to those of the third or fourth aspect are exhibited.

[Brief description of the drawings]

FIG. 1 is a longitudinal sectional view of a shield machine according to an embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 2 is a front view of the shield machine.

FIG. 3 is a sectional view taken along line III-III of FIG.

FIG. 4 is a sectional view taken along line IV-IV of FIG. 1;

FIG. 5 is an enlarged view of a main part of FIG. 4;

FIG. 6 is an enlarged view of the load support mechanism of FIG.

FIG. 7 is an enlarged view of a main part of FIG. 6;

FIG. 8 is an explanatory diagram showing an operation state of the load support mechanism of FIG. 1;

FIG. 9 is a plan view of the segment of FIG. 1;

FIG. 10 is an enlarged view of a main part of FIG. 9;

FIG. 11 is a longitudinal sectional view of a main part of a shield machine according to a modified embodiment.

FIG. 12 is a sectional view taken along line AA of FIG. 11;

FIG. 13 is a diagram corresponding to FIG. 12, showing a segment supply state.

FIG. 14 is a diagram corresponding to FIG. 12, showing a segment gripping state.

FIG. 15 is a diagram corresponding to FIG. 12, showing a segment turning state.

FIG. 16 is a diagram showing a switching state of a segment gripping position.
FIG.

FIG. 17 is a diagram corresponding to FIG. 12, showing a segment turning state.

FIG. 18 is a diagram corresponding to FIG. 12, showing a next segment supply state.

FIG. 19 is a diagram corresponding to FIG. 12, showing the next segment gripping state.

FIG. 20 is a diagram corresponding to FIG. 12, showing the next segment turning state.

FIG. 21 is a diagram corresponding to FIG. 12, showing a next segment positioning state.

FIG. 22 is a diagram corresponding to FIG. 12, showing a temporary assembly state of segments.

FIG. 23 is a diagram showing a switching state of a segment gripping position.
FIG.

FIG. 24 is a diagram corresponding to FIG. 12, showing an integrated segment turning state.

FIG. 25 is a diagram corresponding to FIG. 12, showing a last segment supply state.

FIG. 26 is a diagram corresponding to FIG. 12, showing the last segment gripping state.

FIG. 27 is a diagram corresponding to FIG. 12, showing the last segment turning state.

FIG. 28 is a diagram corresponding to FIG. 12, showing a switching state of the last segment gripping position.

FIG. 29 is a diagram corresponding to FIG. 12, showing the last segment turning state.

FIG. 30 is a diagram corresponding to FIG. 12, showing a state of switching the last segment gripping position.

FIG. 31 is a diagram corresponding to FIG. 12, showing the last segment turning state.

FIG. 32 is a diagram corresponding to FIG. 12, showing a state of switching the last segment gripping position.

FIG. 33 is a view corresponding to FIG. 12 showing an assembled state of each segment.

FIG. 34 is a view corresponding to FIG. 12, showing a completed state of the segment ring.

[Explanation of symbols]

 DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1, 1A Shield excavator 2 Excavator main body 3 Cutter head 4 Head drive mechanism 5 Shield jack 6 Elector 7 Load support mechanism 8 Earth removal equipment 23 Load support jack 23a Rod part 24 Detachable fitting 25 Stopper member 29 Spreader 36 Internal fitting engagement Piece 38 stopper member 40 load supporting mechanism 41 load supporting jack 41b rod part 42 detachable metal fitting 43 spreader S segment ring SA, SB, SK steel pipe split segment Sa existing segment SC steel pipe split segment δ gap

Continued on the front page (72) Inventor Mitsuo Shimizu 1-3-1 Higashikawasakicho, Chuo-ku, Kobe Kawasaki Heavy Industries, Ltd. Kobe Head Office (72) Inventor Yoshio Sakai 1-3-1, Higashikawasakicho, Chuo-ku, Kobe Kawasaki Heavy Industries, Ltd. Kobe Head Office (72) Inventor Koji Bando 2-4-1 Hamamatsucho, Minato-ku, Tokyo World Trade Center Building Kawasaki Heavy Industries, Ltd. Tokyo Head Office (72) Inventor Shunichi Masuda 2-chome Uchisaiwai-cho, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo No. 2-3 Kawasaki Steel Corporation (72) Inventor Tadashi Teramoto 2-3-2 Uchisaiwai-cho, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo Kawasaki Steel Corporation (72) Inventor Hiroyuki Imashio 2-3-2 Uchisaiwai-cho, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo No. Kawasaki Steel Corporation (72) Inventor Hiroyuki Kawaguchi 1-3-2 Shibaura, Minato-ku, Tokyo Shimizu Corporation (72) Inventor Ryunosuke Kashima 1-2-3 Shibaura, Minato-ku, Tokyo Shimizu (56) References JP-A-6-117182 (J JP-A-6-272479 (JP, A) JP-A-3-244792 (JP, A) JP-A-57-137697 (JP, U) JP-A-7-16798 (JP, Y2) (58) Field surveyed (Int.Cl. ⁷ , DB name) E21D 11/40 E21D 11/14

Claims (5)

(57) [Claims] 1. A shield excavation method for excavating a tunnel with a shield excavator and lining a segment on an inner surface of the tunnel with an erector, comprising: an arc-shaped section having a circumferential length obtained by dividing the inner circumference of the tunnel into a plurality of pieces in a circumferential direction. When lining the inside of the tunnel using the steel pipe segment, the earth pressure load acting on the shield machine from the front in the excavation direction is applied to the shield machine at a plurality of locations in the circumferential direction of the machine body.
A load support placed independently of the key and between the shield jacks
A first step of supporting the reinforced existing segment via a plurality of load supporting mechanisms each having a holding jack , and splitting the steel pipe in front of the reinforced segment
When moving the body segment in the circumferential direction,
Of the rod in the load-bearing jack that interferes with the
A second step of assembling a plurality of steel pipe segment segments into a ring shape by an erector while preventing interference through retraction and elongation ; and moving the segment ring assembled in the ring shape rearward by a plurality of shield jacks. And a third step of abutting the front end of the lined segment. 2. At the rear end of the steel pipe segment,
An inner fitting engagement piece that can be internally fitted to the inner surface of the front end of the existing segment is formed in advance, and when the segment ring is brought into contact with the front end of the existing segment, the inner fitting engagement piece is attached to the front end of the existing segment. The shield excavating method according to claim 1, wherein the inner surface of the shield is excavated. 3. A shield machine comprising an excavator main body, a body member on an outer surface of the excavator main body, a cutter head, a head driving means for rotating and driving the cutter head, and a plurality of shield jacks. the erector for lining steel pipes divided body segments circular arc cross sectional shape having an inner circumferential peripheral direction into a plurality split circumferential length to the tunnel inner surface provided, in parallel with each arranged and shield jacks between the shield jacks shield Through the use of multiple load-supporting jacks independent of the jack, a plurality of load-supporting mechanisms are provided that transmit the soil pressure applied to the shield machine from the front in the digging direction to the existing segment when the segment is assembled. Shield machine. 4. The load supporting jack is disposed with its rod portion facing backward, and each of the load supporting mechanisms is connected to a load supporting jack and a rear end portion of the rod portion of the load supporting jack to form a tunnel. A detachable fitting extending radially outward, a spreader connected to an outer end portion of the detachable fitting, and a stopper member fixed to an inner surface of the existing segment and receiving the spreader from the back, wherein: 3. The shield machine according to 3 . Wherein said load support jacks, between the inner surface of the body member, shield machine according to claim 3 or 4, characterized in that arranged with a gap capable of passing a steel split body segment .