JP3259855B2 - Pest control materials - Google Patents

Description

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

[0001]

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention The present invention relates to a pest control material.

[0002]

[Prior Art] Termites, claw mites, etc.
When exterminating pests, it is common to use chemical insecticides.For example, when the purpose is to exterminate termites and mites, chemical insecticides with strong acute toxicity such as organophosphorus drugs and pyrethroid drugs are used. Widely used.

[0003]

By the way, this kind of chemical insecticide is to control pests by the medicinal effect of its chemical component, but the chemical component often has an adverse effect on humans and animals, Environmental pollution due to the application of highly toxic chemicals is also a concern.

[0004] Further, with the use of chemical insecticides, the insect pests gradually have insecticide resistance (resistance), and the chemical insecticide which was initially effective eventually stops exerting its effect as an insecticide. Things happen.

[0005] From such a background, the inventor of the present application has conducted intensive studies using various substances having low toxicity, and as a result, has found that diatomaceous earth has a physical pest control effect described later.

[0006] In such a pest control material using diatomaceous earth, it is important that the diatomaceous earth is powdery in order to exert its pest control effect. The diatomaceous earth in which the diatomaceous earth is clumped tends to have a reduced pest control effect.

[0007] The present invention has been made in view of such circumstances, and an object of the present invention is to provide a pest control material that physically controls pests using diatomaceous earth, so that the pest control effect can be stably exhibited. It is.

[0008]

In order to achieve this object, an invention according to claim 1 is a pest-controlling material which is made of a solid and adheres to pests, wherein the solid has a particle size. Is characterized in that it contains a powdery diatomaceous earth smaller than the distance between the body hairs of the pest to be controlled and a substance having a hygroscopic property is added.

[0009]

According to the first aspect of the present invention, in addition to the powdery diatomaceous earth, a hygroscopic substance is added to the pest control material, so that moisture such as moisture is reduced to the hygroscopic substance. The adsorbed and powdered diatomaceous earth is reduced from clumping, and the diatomaceous earth can be maintained in a powdery state.

[0010] Therefore, diatomaceous earth which is powdery and has a particle size smaller than the distance between the hairs of the pest to be controlled easily adheres to the pest without being hindered by the hair of the pest, thereby stably improving the pest control effect. Can be demonstrated.

[0011]

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS The present invention will be described below with reference to embodiments with reference to the drawings. First, the pest control effect of diatomaceous earth will be described.

According to the study of the present inventor, the physical pest control effect of diatomaceous earth is considered to be caused by the following two mechanisms.

First, the first mechanism will be described with reference to FIG.

FIG. 1 is a schematic plan view of the body surface of a pest, wherein 1 is a pest, 2 is skin on the body surface of the pest, 3 is hair of the pest, and 41, 42, 43, and 44 are powdery. Pest control material made of diatomaceous earth.

The pest 1 takes oxygen into the body through the respiratory tract (not shown) or the skin 2, and discharges carbon dioxide gas out of the body directly through the skin 2.

A plurality of body hairs 3 are formed on the skin 2 for discharging carbon dioxide gas in this manner.

The body hairs 3 are formed at predetermined positions in accordance with the type of the pest 1, and the spacing between the body hairs 3 is also different. When standardized schematically, the arrangement of the hairs 3 on the skin 2 of the pest 1 is as shown in FIG. 1, and the spacing P between the hairs 3 is assumed to be uniform for simplification of the following description.

In addition, pest control materials 41, 4 made of diatomaceous earth
Actually, 2, 43, and 44 have various shapes in reality, but are shown as circles in the drawings for simplification of the following mechanism, and each of them is different only in the particle size.

The skin 2 on which the body hair 3 is thus formed
The state of adhesion of the insect-controlling materials 41, 42, 43, 44 on the top is as follows.

That is, the pesticidal material 41 has a particle diameter D
₁ is slightly smaller than the spacing dimension P of the body hair 3, but is substantially the same.

Therefore, the pest control material 41 can reach the skin 2 of the pest 1 through the gap between the body hairs 3.

The insect-controlling material 41 that has reached the skin 2 of the pest 1 adheres to the skin 2 due to lipids, moisture, etc. on the skin 2.

As a result, the part of the skin 2 located below the insect-controlling material 41 is prevented from discharging carbon dioxide gas from the surface. In the case of a pest that takes in oxygen from the skin 2, the pest-controlling material 41 also prevents the uptake of oxygen from the skin 2 at the site.

[0024] Pest control material 42 is the particle size D ₂ is smaller than the pest control material 41, pest control material 43 is even more a particle size than the particle size D ₂ of the pest control material 42 is small.

The pest control materials 42 and 43, which have a smaller particle size than the pest control material 41, can reach the skin 2 of the pest 1 without being hindered by the body hair 3 as apparent from FIG. And the skin 2
It adheres to the top and hinders the pest 1 from discharging carbon dioxide.

The pest control material 44 is a comparative example in this example, and has a particle diameter D ₄ larger than the interval P between the body hairs 3. As is clear from FIG. 1, the pesticidal material 44 having such a particle size prevents any of the body hairs 3 from adhering to the pesticidal material. It is not possible to prevent the carbon dioxide gas discharging action or the like.

When the discharge of the carbon dioxide gas from the skin 2 at that part is prevented by the adhesion of the insect-controlling materials 41, 42, and 43, the respiratory action of the insect pest 1 generally depends on the area of the attached part. If the function deteriorates and the area of the portion exceeds the allowable range, respiratory failure will occur, and eventually the pest 1 will die.

Therefore, when exterminating pests using such an exterminator, it is extremely important to enlarge the area of the skin 2 to which the exterminants 41, 42, and 43 are attached, and the pests are exterminated. By appropriately selecting the particle size of the material in accordance with the pest, the purpose of pest control can be achieved through the enlargement of the attached area.

Next, the second mechanism will be described with reference to FIG. 2. This second mechanism is limited to the case where the pest to be controlled has an esophagus.

FIG. 2 schematically shows a cross section of the pest at the respiratory tract, where 1 is a pest having a respiratory tract, 2 is a body surface of the pest,
3 is the hair of the pest.

In the pest 1 having the respiratory tract, a trachea 5 extending from the body of the pest 1 opens to the body surface 2 and the respiratory tract 6
The trachea 5 and the respiratory tract 6 constitute a tracheal system 7 of the pest 1, and the tracheal system 7 functions as a passage for introducing oxygen that the pest 1 takes into the body into the body. Have

In the pest 1 having such an esophagus 6, the distance between the hairs 3 in the vicinity of the esophagus 6 is P,
Let W be the opening dimension (diameter) of.

Then, in FIG. 2, 81, 82, 8
Pest control materials 3 and 84 are each made of powdered diatomaceous earth, and these pest control materials 81, 82, 83 and 84 are actually of various shapes in reality. For the sake of simplicity, they are shown as spheres in the drawings, and each has only a different particle size.

In the vicinity of the phylum 6 of the pest 1, the behavior of the pest control materials 81, 82, 83, 84 differs depending on the particle size. In the following description, the pest control materials 81, 8 will be described.
2, 83 function as an active ingredient, and the pest control material 84 is positioned as a comparative example.

That is, the insect-controlling material 81 has a particle size D ₅
Are smaller than the interval dimension P of the body hair 3 and larger than the opening dimension W of the esophagus 6.

Therefore, the pest control material 81 reaches the body surface 2 of the pest 1 through the space between the body hairs 3 and can be located on the surface side of the respiratory tract 6. Then, the insect-controlling material 81 that has reached the body surface 2 of the insect pest 1 adheres to the body surface 2 due to lipids, moisture, and the like on the body surface 2, and the spiracle 6 is covered with the insect-controlling material 81. The obstruction is obstructed, and the uptake of oxygen from the respiratory tract 6 is inhibited.

The insect-controlling material 82 has a particle diameter D ₆ of the body hair 3
Are slightly smaller than the interval dimension P and the opening dimension W of the esophagus 6.

Therefore, the pest-controlling material 82 reaches the body surface 2 of the pest 1 in the same manner as the pest-controlling material 81, but can further enter the trachea 5 from the esophagus 6.

When the insect-controlling material 82 enters the trachea 5,
Since the ventilation area of the trachea 5 is greatly reduced, the uptake of oxygen by the pest 1 is impaired, and the invading pest control material 82 does not easily fall off the trachea 5, so that the pest 1 is finally depleted by prolonged oxygen deficiency. Will surely die.

In the pest control material 83 having a smaller particle size than the pest control material 82, the body hair 3 hardly hinders the pest control material 83 from reaching the body surface 2 of the pest 1. In addition, the phylum 6 is also a pest control material 8
Since the size is considerably larger than 3, the pest control material 83 can enter the trachea 5 with a relatively high probability.

The pesticidal material 83 that has entered the trachea 5 in this way is difficult to close the trachea 5 with the single particle only, as in the case of the pesticidal material 82, but is relatively high as described above. Since the insects enter the trachea 5 with a probability, a plurality of insect-controlling materials 83 adhere and accumulate, so that the ventilation cross-sectional area of the trachea 5 is reduced and the insect pest 1 is in an oxygen-deficient state.

The pest control material 84 is a comparative example in the case of the pest 1, and its particle diameter D ₇ is larger than the spacing dimension P of the body hair 3.

In such a case, the pest control material 84 is the body hair 3
Cannot reach the body surface 2 of the pest 1 due to
Function cannot be expected. But,
The interval dimension P of the body hair 3 and the opening dimension W of the esophagus 6 are:
Since different values are taken depending on the type of the pest, depending on the type of the pest, the pest control material 84 may be replaced by the pest control material 81 to 81 described above.
83 can act as the equivalent.

As described above, in the case described above, the insect-controlling materials 81, 82 and 83 adhere to the tracheal system 7 of the insect pest 1 and hinder the uptake of oxygen from the respiratory tract 6 of the insect pest 1.
Pest 1 dies due to lack of oxygen and achieves the purpose of pest control.

An advantage common to both of these first and second mechanisms is that, unlike conventional insecticides by chemical pesticides, highly acutely toxic chemical substances evaporate in the space where pests are to be controlled. Pests can be controlled without the need for chemicals, which can avoid the effects of chemical pesticides on humans and animals and environmental pollution, as well as the fact that the pests do not gradually become resistant and that the physical Due to the nature, it is possible to control pests for a long time.

Next, a demonstration test of the pest control mechanism will be described.

In this demonstration test, a paper was spread on a petri dish,
A pest control material made of powdery diatomaceous earth is evenly spread on the paper, and 10 pests are put in a petri dish in this state, and the activity of the pests is observed with time.

The demonstration test described below uses a termite ant as a pest. In this case, the interval P between the body hairs is approximately 63 μm, and the opening size W of the esophagus is approximately 30 μm.

In the case described below,
Diatomaceous earth is used as a pest control material. Diatomaceous earth is composed of siliceous sedimentary rocks formed by depositing diatom remains on the sea floor and the like, and also contains clay, volcanic ash, organic matter, and the like.

The diatomaceous earth used in the following is "Radiolite # 500" (trade name) manufactured by Showa Chemical Industry Co., Ltd.
And the particle size distribution is as shown in FIG.

In this pest-controlling material, approximately 80 by weight
% Is smaller than the interval P between the body hairs of the termite termites, and
The active ingredient in the mechanism of the pest control
2, 43.

Further, about 80% or more of this pest control material is an active ingredient in the above-mentioned second mechanism, but as apparent from FIG. Is smaller than the opening dimension W of 30 μm, and corresponds to the pest control materials 82 and 83 in the second mechanism.

The petri dish used in this demonstration test was:
It is 9 cm in diameter and 0.64 g (100 g / m
⁽ Corresponding to the state where the insect-controlling material was sprayed at a ratio of ² )).

The observation results are as follows.

One hour after the injection of termites into a petri dish in which diatomaceous earth was disposed as a pest control material,
The ten termites that had been injected had diatomaceous earth as a pest control agent attached to the body surface, and ten were alive. Eight of them were moving around, and the other two were flapping their antennae and legs.

Two hours after the termites were introduced, 10 animals survived, and all of them had their antennal and legs fluttering.

Three hours after the termites were injected, two animals died, and the remaining seven animals moved their antennas and legs occasionally.
The other one had antennal and leg fluttering.

Four hours after the termites were injected, eight animals died and the other two had their legs fluttering. At this point, the pest control effect of the pest control material made of diatomaceous earth was confirmed, and the test was terminated.

Microscopic observation of the dead termites revealed that the powdered insect-controlling material had adhered to the skin on the body surface of the termites, including the esophagus.

According to the observation results by the microscope, considering that all the dead termites contained a large amount of the pest-controlling material on the body surface, including the esophagus, Termites can be presumed to be those in which carbon dioxide emission from the skin 2 was inhibited by the first mechanism or died due to oxygen deficiency by the second mechanism, and the pest control mechanism was demonstrated. it is conceivable that.

As described above, the first and second mechanisms demonstrated with powdery diatomaceous earth against termites as pests are based on the particle size and control of powdery diatomaceous earth which is a pest-controlling material as described above. Since it is physically established in relation to the distance P between the hairs 3 of the target pest 1 or the opening W of the esophagus 6, it can be used for various pests.

Examples of the pests that can be controlled using the pest-controlling material of the present invention include, for example, other termites and house mites, such as the red mite, the house dust mite, the mites and the cockroaches, , Flies,
Fleas, lice, leaf beetles, beetles,
Nosyme moth, saw saw, beetle, weevil, azuki beetle, beetle beetle, beetle beetle, iga, chironomid,
Drosophilids, stink bugs, stink bugs, ticks, sand flies, squid moths, planthoppers, leafhoppers, paddy beetles, horned beetles, locust beetles, spider mites, spider mites, aphids, acer beetles, beetles, weevil weevil, pine beetle , Bark beetles, scarab beetles, petrels, and moss.

Among the above pests, house dust mites, such as house dust mites and mites, do not have a respiratory tract and take in oxygen from the skin 2, so that the pest control material of the present invention was used. In this case, the second mechanism does not work,
The diatomaceous earth adhered to the skin by the first mechanism can inhibit not only the emission of carbon dioxide gas but also the intake of oxygen, whereby the extermination can be performed reliably.

When the above-mentioned pests different from termites are targeted, as is clear from the first and second mechanisms described above, the pests are determined in accordance with the distance P between the body hairs of the targeted pests and the like. Since the particle size of the active ingredient of the pesticide is determined, it is preferable to appropriately adjust the particle size distribution of the pesticide to be used. Hair spacing P
It is efficient to separate only those having a smaller particle size and use this as a pest control material.

For example, in the case where a house mite, the claw mite, is used as a pest to be controlled, the spacing between the hairs is approximately 30 μm.

Using the diatomaceous earth described above and the above-mentioned pest-controlling material (having a particle size distribution shown in FIG. 3) used for termites, those having a weight percentage of less than 45% on the skin of the mites Although it functions as a reachable active ingredient, the remaining 55% or more is equivalent to the pest control material 44 and does not function as a pest control material and is wasted.

The opening dimension W of the stomach stomach is generally
Since the particle diameter is 1 μm, in the second mechanism, an effective ingredient which can function as the insect-controlling materials 82 and 83 is hardly contained in the insect-controlling material made of diatomaceous earth.

Therefore, in this case, the particle size distribution of the insect-controlling material used is adjusted to one having a large number of fine particles, and those having a particle size larger than the spacing dimension P of the hair 3 of the insect pest, ie, 30 μm, are excluded. In other words, the pest control material used is less wasted and the probability of the pest control material adhering to the skin of the tick mites is increased, so that the pest control effect becomes more remarkable.

The diatomaceous earth for controlling pests by such a mechanism is necessarily required to be in the form of a powder having a small particle size. Such a powdery diatomaceous earth has a physical hygroscopic property and is thus diatomaceous earth. Powder often contains organic matter, so that powdery diatomaceous earth tends to be particularly clumpy due to moisture absorption.

In the case of diatomaceous earth in the form of lumps, it is apparent that the first and second mechanisms do not function effectively.

Therefore, in the present application, a substance having a hygroscopic property is added to the pest control material containing diatomaceous earth,
The functions of the first and second mechanisms by diatomaceous earth are stably ensured.

The term "hygroscopicity" as used in the present invention is a broad concept including humidity control, and is not limited to a substance having hygroscopicity, but may be, for example, silica gel, silicic anhydride or the like.

The substance having such hygroscopicity may be added as a block or pellet to a pest control material containing diatomaceous earth in powder form.
It is preferable that the powder is mixed with diatomaceous earth and added as a powder like the diatomaceous earth. This is because the moisture absorption of the powdery diatomaceous earth, which is an active ingredient, can be uniformly reduced as a whole.

Next, from this viewpoint, an example in which powdery silica gel is added as a hygroscopic substance to the diatomaceous earth and added will be described.

The silica gel used in this example was obtained by pulverizing "Fuji Home Gel G" (trade name) manufactured by Fuji Devison Chemical Co., Ltd. into a powdery form, and its particle size distribution was as shown in FIG. It is.

The pest control material as an embodiment of the present invention is as follows:
It is a mixture obtained by weighing and mixing 50% of the diatomaceous earth and 50% of the silica gel by weight.

The test for confirming the pest control effect of the pest control material comprising such a mixture was carried out in the same manner as in the above-mentioned demonstration test, except that only the pest control material used was changed.

The observation results are as follows.

After 1 hour from the introduction of termites into a petri dish in which the mixture as a pest control material has been placed,
The ten termites that have been injected are still alive with the pesticide attached throughout the body, three are fluttering their antennae and legs, and the remaining seven are only slowly moving their antennae and legs. Was.

Two hours after the termite injection, seven termites died, and the remaining three animals only slightly moved their antennas and legs occasionally at each location.

Three hours after the introduction of termites, all of the ten termites that had been injected had died, and the confirmation test was terminated.

Microscopic observation of dead termites confirmed that powdery insect-controlling materials had adhered to the skin including the esophagus on the body surface of the termites.

Therefore, also in this embodiment, the first and second diatomaceous earths are used in accordance with the simple pest control material.
It is probable that the termites died due to this mechanism.

The exterminating effect of the exterminator is slightly stronger than the extermination effect of the diatomaceous earth-only exterminator. It can be inferred that the dehydration phenomenon due to the contact occurred together with the first and second mechanisms.

That is, since powdered silica gel is added to the pest control material of this embodiment as a substance having hygroscopicity as described above, the silica gel is used during storage of the pest control material and after spraying of the pest control material. Is mixed with diatomaceous earth, so that powdery diatomaceous earth as an active ingredient is prevented from becoming clumpy due to moisture, and the pest control effect of the first or second mechanism can be stably maintained.

In the above-described embodiment, the mixture is composed of two kinds of substances: powdery diatomaceous earth as an active ingredient and silica gel as a substance having hygroscopicity. However, the present invention is not limited to this. Further, another substance may be added thereto to form a pest control material, and in these cases, the mixing ratio of each material may be appropriately selected. Further, in some cases, a weak drug such as boric acid may be supplementarily added.

[0087]

As described above, according to the first aspect of the present invention, in addition to the diatomaceous earth powder,
Since a substance having a hygroscopic property is added, moisture such as moisture is adsorbed by the substance having a hygroscopic property, so that the powdery diatomaceous earth is reduced to a mass, and the diatomaceous earth can be maintained in a powdery state. it can.

[0088] Therefore, diatomaceous earth which is powdery and whose particle size is smaller than the distance between the hairs of the pest to be controlled easily adheres to the pest without being hindered by the pest's hair, thereby stably improving the pest control effect. Can be demonstrated.

[Brief description of the drawings]

FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram for explaining a first mechanism relating to pest control by diatomaceous earth.

FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram for explaining a second mechanism relating to pest control by diatomaceous earth.

FIG. 3 is a particle size distribution diagram of diatomaceous earth.

FIG. 4 is a particle size distribution diagram of silica gel.

[Explanation of symbols]

P (of body hair) spacing dimension 1 Pest 3 Body hair 41, 42, 43, 81, 82, 83 Pest control material (diatomaceous earth)

──────────────────────────────────────────────────続 き Continuation of the front page (56) References JP-A-63-250308 (JP, A) JP-A-1-261217 (JP, A) JP-A-2-169506 (JP, A) JP-A 52- 54031 (JP, A) JP-A-5-201818 (JP, A) (58) Fields investigated (Int. Cl. ⁷ , DB name) A01N 25/12 A01N 63/02

Claims (4)

(57) [Claims] 1. A pest control material comprising a solid substance and adhered to a pest, wherein the solid substance contains a powdery diatomaceous earth having a particle size smaller than a distance between body hairs of the pest to be controlled. And a substance that absorbs moisture (except for Zeola)
Pest control material, characterized in that except for the site) is added. 2. The pest control material according to claim 1, wherein the substance having a hygroscopic property is added in a powder form. 3. The insect pest-controlling material according to claim 1, wherein silica gel is used as the hygroscopic substance. 4. The pest control material according to claim 1, wherein silicic anhydride is used as the hygroscopic substance.