JP3257604B2 - Fuel cell generator - Google Patents
Fuel cell generatorInfo
- Publication number
- JP3257604B2 JP3257604B2 JP24903992A JP24903992A JP3257604B2 JP 3257604 B2 JP3257604 B2 JP 3257604B2 JP 24903992 A JP24903992 A JP 24903992A JP 24903992 A JP24903992 A JP 24903992A JP 3257604 B2 JP3257604 B2 JP 3257604B2
- Authority
- JP
- Japan
- Prior art keywords
- gas
- fuel cell
- fuel
- reformer
- reforming
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Fee Related
Links
Classifications
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/06—Combination of fuel cells with means for production of reactants or for treatment of residues
- H01M8/0606—Combination of fuel cells with means for production of reactants or for treatment of residues with means for production of gaseous reactants
- H01M8/0612—Combination of fuel cells with means for production of reactants or for treatment of residues with means for production of gaseous reactants from carbon-containing material
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/24—Grouping of fuel cells, e.g. stacking of fuel cells
- H01M8/249—Grouping of fuel cells, e.g. stacking of fuel cells comprising two or more groupings of fuel cells, e.g. modular assemblies
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/30—Hydrogen technology
- Y02E60/50—Fuel cells
Description
【０００１】[0001]
【産業上の利用分野】本発明は、燃料電池発電装置に関
し、更に詳しくは、改質器を備えた溶融炭酸塩型の燃料
電池発電装置に関する。BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention The present invention relates to a fuel cell power generator, and more particularly to a molten carbonate fuel cell power generator having a reformer.
【０００２】[0002]
【従来の技術】溶融炭酸塩型燃料電池は、高効率、かつ
環境への影響が少ないなど、従来の発電装置にはない特
徴を有しており、水力・火力・原子力に続く発電システ
ムとして注目を集め、現在世界各国で鋭意研究開発が行
われている。特に改質器を備えた溶融炭酸塩型の燃料電
池は、都市部のビルやマンション等に分散して設置し、
都市ガスを燃料として発電と冷暖房を行うことにより、
従来の送電に伴うロスを大幅に低減でき、かつ８０％以
上の熱効率を発揮できるシステムとして脚光を浴びてい
る。2. Description of the Related Art Molten carbonate fuel cells have features that are not found in conventional power generation devices, such as high efficiency and little impact on the environment, and have attracted attention as power generation systems following hydro, thermal and nuclear power. Are being researched and developed in various countries around the world. In particular, molten carbonate fuel cells equipped with reformers are distributed and installed in buildings and condominiums in urban areas,
By generating and cooling and heating using city gas as fuel,
It has been in the spotlight as a system that can greatly reduce the loss associated with conventional power transmission and exhibit a thermal efficiency of 80% or more.
【０００３】かかる発電装置は、改質器と燃料電池を備
え、改質器により燃料ガスを水素を含むアノードガスに
改質し、このアノードガスと酸素を含むカソードガスと
から燃料電池により発電し、その余熱により温水を製造
するものである。この発電装置における改質器内での主
な改質反応は、例えばメタン（ＣＨ4 ）を主成分とする
都市ガスの場合、ＣＨ4 ＋Ｈ2 Ｏ→ＣＯ＋３Ｈ2 であ
り、燃料と同量の水蒸気が反応で消費される。Such a power generator includes a reformer and a fuel cell. The reformer reforms a fuel gas into an anode gas containing hydrogen, and generates power from the anode gas and a cathode gas containing oxygen using a fuel cell. The hot water is produced by the residual heat. The main reforming reaction in the reformer in this power generator is, for example, in the case of city gas containing methane (CH 4 ) as a main component, CH 4 + H 2 O → CO + 3H 2 , and the same amount of steam as fuel Is consumed in the reaction.
【０００４】一方、燃料電池内での主な電池反応は、 Ｈ2 ＋ＣＯ3 2-→Ｈ2 Ｏ＋ＣＯ2 ＋２ｅ のアノード反
応と、 1/2 Ｏ2 ＋ＣＯ2 ＋２ｅ →ＣＯ3 2- のカソード反
応であり、全体としては水素（Ｈ2 ）が水（Ｈ2 Ｏ）に
変わる反応である。従って、燃料電池は本質的に排ガス
がクリーンであり、環境への影響は極めて少ない。On the other hand, the main cell reactions in a fuel cell are an anode reaction of H 2 + CO 3 2- → H 2 O + CO 2 + 2e and a cathode reaction of 1/2 O 2 + CO 2 + 2e → CO 3 2- Yes, it is a reaction that converts hydrogen (H 2 ) into water (H 2 O) as a whole. Therefore, the fuel cell has essentially clean exhaust gas and has extremely little effect on the environment.
【０００５】[0005]
【発明が解決しようとする課題】上述したように、改質
器では燃料と同量の水蒸気が反応で消費されるが、従来
の改質器では改質効率を高めるために反応に必要な量以
上の水蒸気を供給する必要があった。すなわち、改質器
における水蒸気とメタンの比率（Ｓ／Ｃ比）を例えば２
以上にする必要があった。しかし、燃料電池発電装置で
は、改質器で反応しない過剰の水蒸気は、そのまま、燃
料電池のアノード側に入り、上記アノード反応を阻害す
る問題点があった。すなわち、アノード反応は、水蒸気
（Ｈ2 Ｏ）が生成される反応であり、水蒸気の分圧が高
いとアノード反応が十分に右に（式で）進まない問題点
があった。As described above, in the reformer, the same amount of steam as the fuel is consumed in the reaction, but in the conventional reformer, the amount of steam required for the reaction to increase the reforming efficiency is increased. It was necessary to supply the above steam. That is, the ratio of steam and methane (S / C ratio) in the reformer is set to, for example, 2
It was necessary to do more. However, in the fuel cell power generation device, there is a problem that excess steam that does not react in the reformer enters the anode side of the fuel cell as it is and inhibits the anode reaction. That is, the anodic reaction is a reaction in which steam (H 2 O) is generated, and when the partial pressure of steam is high, there is a problem that the anodic reaction does not sufficiently proceed to the right (by the equation).
【０００６】又、燃料電池発電装置では、水蒸気を装置
内の余熱で発生させているため、余分の水蒸気を発生さ
せるには、より大型の排熱回収設備（熱交換器等）を備
える必要があり、装置が大型化する問題点があった。更
に、Ｓ／Ｃ比が大きいと、装置全体の配管や設備も大型
化する問題点があった。[0006] Further, in the fuel cell power generation device, since steam is generated by the residual heat in the device, it is necessary to provide a larger exhaust heat recovery facility (heat exchanger, etc.) in order to generate extra steam. There is a problem that the apparatus becomes large. Further, when the S / C ratio is large, there is a problem that the piping and facilities of the entire apparatus also become large.
【０００７】一方、燃料電池は原理的には上述したアノ
ード反応により燃料である水素（Ｈ 2 ）を８０％以上反
応させることができる（燃料利用率が８０％以上であ
る）が、実用的には燃料利用率をあまり高く（例えば６
０％以上に）できない問題点があった。すなわち、燃料
電池内でのガスの拡散は完全ではないため、高い燃料利
用率で運転すると部分的に燃料が不足する反応部分がで
き、この部分から燃料電池の電極を損傷させてしまう問
題点があった。On the other hand, a fuel cell is basically the same as the above-described anode.
Hydrogen (H Two) More than 80%
(If the fuel utilization rate is 80% or more,
However, in practice, the fuel utilization is too high (for example, 6%).
(0% or more). That is, the fuel
Gas diffusion in the cell is not perfect, so high fuel
When operating at the usage rate, there is a reaction part where fuel is partially insufficient.
This can damage the fuel cell electrode from this area.
There was a title.
【０００８】本発明は上述した種々の問題点を解決する
ために創案されたものである。すなわち、本発明の目的
は、改質に必要な水蒸気量を低減することにより、燃料
電池に供給される水蒸気の分圧を下げて燃料電池におけ
る反応を促進し、同時に装置を小形化できる燃料電池発
電装置を提供することにある。更に、本発明の目的は、
燃料電池を損傷させることなく、高い燃料利用率で運転
できる燃料電池発電装置を提供することにある。The present invention has been made to solve the various problems described above. That is, an object of the present invention is to reduce the amount of steam required for reforming, thereby lowering the partial pressure of steam supplied to the fuel cell to promote the reaction in the fuel cell, and at the same time to reduce the size of the device. An object of the present invention is to provide a power generator. Further, the object of the present invention is
An object of the present invention is to provide a fuel cell power generator that can be operated at a high fuel utilization rate without damaging the fuel cell.
【０００９】[0009]
【課題を解決するための手段】本発明によれば、燃料ガ
スに水蒸気が混合された第１の改質用ガスを水素を含む
第１のアノードガスに改質する第１の改質器と、前記第
１アノードガスと酸素を含むカソードガスとから電気を
発電する第１の燃料電池と、燃料ガスに前記第１燃料電
池を出た第１のアノード排ガスが混合された第２の改質
用ガスを水素を含む第２のアノードガスに改質する第２
の改質器と、前記第２アノードガスと酸素を含むカソー
ドガスとから電気を発電する第２の燃料電池と、前記第
１改質器に供給される燃料ガスの圧力を下げる減圧オリ
フィスと、前記第２改質器に供給される燃料ガスに前記
第１アノード排ガスを混合するエジェクタと、を備えた
燃料電池発電装置が提供される。According to the present invention, there is provided a first reformer for reforming a first reforming gas in which steam is mixed with a fuel gas into a first anode gas containing hydrogen. A first fuel cell for generating electricity from the first anode gas and a cathode gas containing oxygen, and a second reformer in which the first anode exhaust gas exiting the first fuel cell is mixed with the fuel gas. For reforming the working gas into a second anode gas containing hydrogen
A second fuel cell that generates electricity from the second anode gas and the cathode gas containing oxygen, a decompression orifice that lowers the pressure of the fuel gas supplied to the first reformer, An ejector for mixing the first anode exhaust gas with the fuel gas supplied to the second reformer is provided.
【００１０】また、本発明の好ましい実施例によれば、
前記第２燃料電池を出た第２のアノード排ガスを第２の
カソード排ガスで燃焼させる触媒燃焼器を更に備え、前
記第１改質器では、燃料ガスが前記第１燃料電池を出た
第１のカソード排ガスにより燃焼して第１改質用ガスを
改質し、前記第２改質器では、前記触媒燃焼器を出た燃
料排ガスにより第２改質用ガスを改質する、ことが好ま
しい。更に、第１改質器及び第２改質器に供給される燃
料ガスから硫黄分を除去する脱硫器を更に備える、こと
が好ましい。According to a preferred embodiment of the present invention,
A catalytic combustor for burning a second anode exhaust gas discharged from the second fuel cell with a second cathode exhaust gas, wherein the first reformer includes a first reformer in which fuel gas exits the first fuel cell; Preferably, the first reforming gas is reformed by burning with the cathode exhaust gas, and the second reforming gas is reformed by the second reformer with the fuel exhaust gas exiting the catalytic combustor. . Further, it is preferable to further include a desulfurizer for removing sulfur from the fuel gas supplied to the first reformer and the second reformer.
【００１１】[0011]
【作用】本発明は、改質器と燃料電池とをそれぞれ２台
づつ備え、第１の燃料電池で発生した水蒸気を第２の改
質器の改質用に利用することにより、改質用水蒸気の量
を全体として低減するものである。又、第１の燃料電池
を比較的低い安全な燃料利用率で運転し、アノード排ガ
スに残る燃料を第２の燃料電池で更に反応させることに
より、全体として高い燃料利用率を得るものである。The present invention comprises two reformers and two fuel cells, and utilizes the steam generated in the first fuel cell for the reforming of the second reformer. This is to reduce the amount of water vapor as a whole. Further, the first fuel cell is operated at a relatively low safe fuel utilization rate, and the fuel remaining in the anode exhaust gas is further reacted by the second fuel cell, thereby obtaining a high fuel utilization rate as a whole.
【００１２】すなわち、上記本発明の構成によれば、燃
料ガスに水蒸気が混合された第１の改質用ガスを水素を
含む第１のアノードガスに改質する第１の改質器と、前
記第１アノードガスと酸素を含むカソードガスとから電
気を発電する第１の燃料電池と、燃料ガスに前記第１燃
料電池を出た第１のアノード排ガスが混合された第２の
改質用ガスを水素を含む第２のアノードガスに改質する
第２の改質器と、前記第２アノードガスと酸素を含むカ
ソードガスとから電気を発電する第２の燃料電池と、か
らなるので、第１改質器で消費した水蒸気量のうち、第
１燃料電池での燃料利用率に相当する分（例えば６０
％）は、アノード反応により水蒸気に変換されて第２改
質器に供給される。従って、第２改質器には別個に水蒸
気を供給する必要がほとんどなく、改質用水蒸気の量を
全体として大幅に低減することができる。That is, according to the configuration of the present invention, a first reformer for reforming a first reforming gas in which steam is mixed with a fuel gas into a first anode gas containing hydrogen; A first fuel cell for generating electricity from the first anode gas and a cathode gas containing oxygen, and a second reforming gas in which the first anode exhaust gas exiting the first fuel cell is mixed with the fuel gas. A second reformer for reforming a gas into a second anode gas containing hydrogen, and a second fuel cell for generating electricity from the second anode gas and a cathode gas containing oxygen, Of the amount of water vapor consumed by the first reformer, the amount corresponding to the fuel utilization rate in the first fuel cell (for example, 60%)
%) Is converted to steam by the anodic reaction and supplied to the second reformer. Therefore, there is almost no need to separately supply steam to the second reformer, and the amount of steam for reforming can be greatly reduced as a whole.
【００１３】又、上記構成によれば、第１燃料電池と第
２燃料電池をそれぞれ燃料電池の電極を損傷させるおそ
れのない比較的低い燃料利用率（例えば６０％）で運転
しても、第１燃料電池での未反応分が更に第２燃料電池
で反応するので全体として高い燃料利用率を達成するこ
とができる。この場合、第１燃料電池を出た未反応ガス
は第２燃料電池に供給されるまでに配管内等で十分に混
合されるので、第２燃料電池内でのガスの拡散が必ずし
も完全でなくとも、部分的に燃料が不足する反応部分が
できることがなく、燃料電池の電極を損傷させるおそれ
がほとんどない。According to the above configuration, even if the first fuel cell and the second fuel cell are each operated at a relatively low fuel utilization rate (for example, 60%) without damaging the electrodes of the fuel cell, Since the unreacted components in one fuel cell further react in the second fuel cell, a high fuel utilization rate can be achieved as a whole. In this case, the unreacted gas that has exited the first fuel cell is sufficiently mixed in the piping or the like before being supplied to the second fuel cell, so that the gas diffusion in the second fuel cell is not always complete. In both cases, there is no reaction part in which fuel is partially insufficient, and there is almost no risk of damaging the electrodes of the fuel cell.
【００１４】[0014]
【実施例】以下に本発明の好ましい実施例を図面を参照
して説明する。図１は、本発明による燃料電池発電装置
の全体構成図である。この図において、本発明の燃料電
池発電装置は、燃料ガス１に水蒸気２が混合された第１
の改質用ガス３を水素を含む第１のアノードガス４に改
質する第１の改質器２０と、第１アノードガス４と酸素
を含むカソードガス５とから電気を発電する第１の燃料
電池２１と、燃料ガス１に第１燃料電池２１を出た第１
のアノード排ガス６が混合された第２の改質用ガス７を
水素を含む第２のアノードガス８に改質する第２の改質
器２２と、第２アノードガス８と酸素を含むカソードガ
ス５とから電気を発電する第２の燃料電池２３とを備え
る。DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS Preferred embodiments of the present invention will be described below with reference to the drawings. FIG. 1 is an overall configuration diagram of a fuel cell power generator according to the present invention. In this figure, the fuel cell power generation device according to the present invention has a first fuel gas 1 in which steam 2 is mixed.
A first reformer 20 that reforms the first reforming gas 3 into a first anode gas 4 containing hydrogen, and a first reformer 20 that generates electricity from the first anode gas 4 and the cathode gas 5 containing oxygen. A fuel cell 21 and a first fuel cell 21
A second reformer 22 for reforming the second reforming gas 7 mixed with the anode exhaust gas 6 into a second anode gas 8 containing hydrogen, and a cathode gas containing the second anode gas 8 and oxygen 5 and a second fuel cell 23 for generating electricity from the second fuel cell 23.
【００１５】改質器２０、２２は、燃焼ガスにより高温
となる燃焼室Ｃｏと、燃焼室からの伝熱により改質用ガ
スを改質する改質室Ｒｅとからなる。改質器２０、２２
は、燃焼室Ｃｏと改質室Ｒｅを平面状にし、これを複数
積層させたプレート型改質器であるのがよいがこれに限
られるものではなく、通常のチューブ型改質器であって
もよい。改質室Ｒｅ内には改質触媒が充填され、燃焼室
Ｃｏの高熱により改質用ガスを水素を含む高温のアノー
ドガス４、８に改質する。放熱により温度が下がった燃
焼排ガス１３は、図示しない系外に排出され、空気予熱
器、凝縮器、気液分離器、燃料予熱器等で熱回収と水分
を除去され、酸素及び二酸化炭素を含むカソードガス５
として系内に再循環される。Each of the reformers 20 and 22 includes a combustion chamber Co whose temperature is raised by the combustion gas, and a reforming chamber Re which reforms the reforming gas by transferring heat from the combustion chamber. Reformers 20, 22
Is preferably a plate-type reformer in which the combustion chamber Co and the reforming chamber Re are formed in a planar shape and a plurality of the chambers are stacked, but the present invention is not limited to this. Is also good. The reforming chamber Re is filled with a reforming catalyst, and the reforming gas is reformed into high-temperature anode gases 4 and 8 containing hydrogen by the high heat of the combustion chamber Co. The combustion exhaust gas 13 whose temperature has been lowered by the heat release is discharged out of the system (not shown), and is subjected to heat recovery and moisture removal by an air preheater, a condenser, a gas-liquid separator, a fuel preheater, etc. Cathode gas 5
Is recycled into the system.
【００１６】燃料電池２１、２３は、アノードガスが通
過するアノード側Ａと、カソードガスが通過するカソー
ド側Ｃとからなり、アノードガス中の水素、一酸化炭素
と、カソードガス中の酸素、二酸化炭素とから上述した
化学反応により電気を発電するようになっている。燃料
電池２１、２３は、溶融炭酸塩型燃料電池であるのが良
い。The fuel cells 21 and 23 comprise an anode side A through which an anode gas passes and a cathode side C through which a cathode gas passes. The fuel cells 21 and 23 include hydrogen and carbon monoxide in the anode gas, oxygen and carbon dioxide in the cathode gas. Electric power is generated from carbon by the above-described chemical reaction. The fuel cells 21 and 23 are preferably molten carbonate type fuel cells.
【００１７】本発明による燃料電池発電装置は、更に、
第１改質器２０に供給される燃料ガス１の圧力を下げる
減圧オリフィス２４と、燃料ガス１に第１アノード排ガ
ス６を混合するエジェクタ２５と、を更に備える。これ
により、燃料ガス１を第１アノード排ガス６より高い圧
力に保持することができ、エジェクタ２５により低圧の
第１アノード排ガス６を吸引し、燃料ガス１に混合させ
ることができる。The fuel cell power generator according to the present invention further comprises:
The fuel cell system further includes a pressure reducing orifice for lowering the pressure of the fuel gas supplied to the first reformer, and an ejector for mixing the fuel gas with the first anode exhaust gas. As a result, the fuel gas 1 can be maintained at a higher pressure than the first anode exhaust gas 6, and the low pressure first anode exhaust gas 6 can be sucked by the ejector 25 and mixed with the fuel gas 1.
【００１８】本発明による燃料電池発電装置は、更に、
第２燃料電池２３を出た第２のアノード排ガス９を第２
のカソード排ガス１０で燃焼させる触媒燃焼器２６を更
に備える。この触媒燃焼器２６内には、ニッケルを主成
分とするハニカム状の燃焼触媒が充填されており、アノ
ード排ガスに含まれる未燃分をカソード排ガスに含まれ
る酸素により燃焼させるようになっている。この触媒燃
焼器２６で発生した高温の燃焼排ガス１２は改質器１０
の燃焼室Ｃｏに供給される。なお、触媒燃焼器２６を設
けず、改質器２２の燃焼室Ｃｏでアノード排ガス９に含
まれる未燃分をカソード排ガス１０に含まれる酸素によ
り燃焼させてもよい。かかる構成により、第１改質器２
０では燃料ガス１が第１燃料電池２１を出た第１のカソ
ード排ガス１１により燃焼して第１改質用ガス３を改質
し、第２改質器２２では触媒燃焼器２６を出た燃焼排ガ
ス１２により第２改質用ガス７を改質することができ
る。The fuel cell power generator according to the present invention further comprises:
The second anode exhaust gas 9 exiting the second fuel cell 23 is
Further, a catalytic combustor 26 for burning with the cathode exhaust gas 10 is provided. The catalytic combustor 26 is filled with a honeycomb-shaped combustion catalyst containing nickel as a main component, so that unburned components contained in the anode exhaust gas are burned by oxygen contained in the cathode exhaust gas. The high temperature combustion exhaust gas 12 generated in the catalytic combustor 26 is supplied to the reformer 10
Is supplied to the combustion chamber Co. Note that the unburned portion contained in the anode exhaust gas 9 may be burned by the oxygen contained in the cathode exhaust gas 10 in the combustion chamber Co of the reformer 22 without providing the catalytic combustor 26. With this configuration, the first reformer 2
At 0, the fuel gas 1 burns with the first cathode exhaust gas 11 leaving the first fuel cell 21 to reform the first reforming gas 3, and the second reformer 22 exits the catalytic combustor 26. The second reforming gas 7 can be reformed by the combustion exhaust gas 12.
【００１９】本発明による燃料電池発電装置は、更に、
燃料ガス１から硫黄分を除去する脱硫器２７を更に備え
る。硫黄分を含む天然ガス等の燃料ガス１は脱硫器２７
により脱硫された後、第１改質器２０の改質室Ｒｅと燃
焼室Ｃｏ、及び第２改質器２２の改質室Ｒｅにそれぞれ
供給される。The fuel cell power generator according to the present invention further comprises:
A desulfurizer 27 for removing sulfur from the fuel gas 1 is further provided. Fuel gas 1 such as natural gas containing sulfur is supplied to desulfurizer 27
After that, it is supplied to the reforming chamber Re and the combustion chamber Co of the first reformer 20 and the reforming chamber Re of the second reformer 22, respectively.
【００２０】上述したように、本発明は改質器と燃料電
池とをそれぞれ２台づつ備え、第１の燃料電池で発生し
た水蒸気を第２の改質器の改質用に利用することによ
り、改質用水蒸気の量を全体として低減するものであ
る。又、第１の燃料電池を安全な燃料利用率で運転し、
アノード排ガスに残る燃料を第２の燃料電池で更に反応
させることにより、全体として高い燃料利用率を得るも
のである。As described above, the present invention comprises two reformers and two fuel cells, and utilizes the steam generated in the first fuel cell for reforming the second reformer. In addition, the amount of reforming steam is reduced as a whole. Operating the first fuel cell at a safe fuel utilization rate;
The fuel remaining in the anode exhaust gas is further reacted in the second fuel cell to obtain a high fuel utilization rate as a whole.
【００２１】すなわち、上記本発明の構成によれば、燃
料ガス１に水蒸気２が混合された第１の改質用ガス３を
水素を含む第１のアノードガス４に改質する第１の改質
器２０と、第１アノードガス４と酸素を含むカソードガ
ス５とから電気を発電する第１の燃料電池２１と、燃料
ガス１に第１燃料電池２１を出た第１のアノード排ガス
１１が混合された第２の改質用ガス７を水素を含む第２
のアノードガス８に改質する第２の改質器２２と、第２
アノードガス８と酸素を含むカソードガス５とから電気
を発電する第２の燃料電池２３と、からなるので、第１
改質器２０で消費した水蒸気量のうち、第１燃料電池２
１での燃料利用率に相当する分（例えば６０％）は、ア
ノード反応により水蒸気に変換されて第２改質器２２に
供給される。従って、第２改質器２２には別個に水蒸気
を供給する必要がほとんどなく、改質用水蒸気の量を全
体として大幅に低減することができる。That is, according to the structure of the present invention, the first reforming gas 3 in which the fuel gas 1 and the steam 2 are mixed is reformed into the first anode gas 4 containing hydrogen. A first fuel cell 21 for generating electricity from the fuel cell 20, the first anode gas 4 and the cathode gas 5 containing oxygen, and a first anode exhaust gas 11 that has left the first fuel cell 21 for the fuel gas 1. The mixed second reforming gas 7 is converted to a second gas containing hydrogen.
A second reformer 22 for reforming the anode gas 8 into a second gas;
The second fuel cell 23 that generates electricity from the anode gas 8 and the cathode gas 5 containing oxygen,
Of the amount of steam consumed by the reformer 20, the first fuel cell 2
The amount (for example, 60%) corresponding to the fuel utilization rate in 1 is converted into steam by the anodic reaction and supplied to the second reformer 22. Therefore, there is almost no need to separately supply steam to the second reformer 22, and the amount of steam for reforming can be greatly reduced as a whole.
【００２２】例えば、改質する燃料ガス１（メタン、Ｃ
Ｈ4 と仮定する）の全体量を１００とし、そのうち６０
を第１改質器、４０を第２改質器に供給すると、Ｓ／Ｃ
比＝２の場合の水蒸気２の量は１２０であり、９０％改
質後の第１アノードガスの量は、燃料ガス６、水素１６
２、水蒸気６６となる。次いで、第１燃料電池２１の燃
料利用率が６０％とすると、第１アノード排ガス６の量
は、燃料ガス６、水素６４．８、水蒸気９８．４であ
り、第２改質用ガスの量は、燃料ガス４６、水素６４．
８、水蒸気９８．４となり、第２改質器におけるＳ／Ｃ
比は９８．４÷４６＝２．１４となる。従って、燃料電
池設備全体では、改質器におけるＳ／Ｃ比を２以上に保
持したまま、全体としてはＳ／Ｃ比＝１２０／１００＝
１．２まで大幅に低減することができる。For example, the fuel gas 1 to be reformed (methane, C
The total amount of assumed H 4) is 100, of which 60
To the first reformer and 40 to the second reformer, S / C
When the ratio = 2, the amount of steam 2 is 120, and the amount of the first anode gas after the 90% reforming is fuel gas 6, hydrogen 16
2. It becomes water vapor 66. Next, assuming that the fuel utilization rate of the first fuel cell 21 is 60%, the amount of the first anode exhaust gas 6 is the fuel gas 6, hydrogen 64.8, steam 98.4, and the amount of the second reforming gas. Are fuel gas 46, hydrogen 64.
8, steam 98.4, S / C in the second reformer
The ratio becomes 98.4 / 46 = 2.14. Therefore, in the entire fuel cell system, the S / C ratio in the reformer is kept at 2 or more, and the S / C ratio as a whole is 120/100 =
It can be greatly reduced to 1.2.
【００２３】又、上記構成によれば、第１燃料電池２１
と第２燃料電池２３をそれぞれ燃料電池の電極を損傷さ
せるおそれのない比較的低い燃料利用率（例えば６０
％）で運転すると、第１燃料電池２１の未反応分が更に
第２燃料電池２３で反応するので全体として高い燃料利
用率を達成することができる。この場合、第１燃料電池
２１を出た未反応ガスは第２燃料電池２３に供給される
までに配管内等で十分に混合されるので、第２燃料電池
２３内でのガスの拡散が必ずしも完全でなくとも、部分
的に燃料が不足する反応部分ができず、燃料電池の電極
を損傷させるおそれがほとんどない。According to the above configuration, the first fuel cell 21
And the second fuel cell 23 each have a relatively low fuel utilization rate (e.g. 60
%), The unreacted portion of the first fuel cell 21 further reacts in the second fuel cell 23, so that a high fuel utilization rate can be achieved as a whole. In this case, the unreacted gas that has exited the first fuel cell 21 is sufficiently mixed in a pipe or the like before being supplied to the second fuel cell 23, so that gas diffusion in the second fuel cell 23 is not necessarily performed. Even if it is not complete, there is no reaction part in which fuel is partially insufficient, and there is almost no risk of damaging the electrodes of the fuel cell.
【００２４】例えば、上述の例で、９０％改質後の第２
アノードガス８の量は、燃料ガス４．６、水素１８９、
水蒸気５７であり、第２燃料電池２３の燃料利用率を６
０％とすると、第２アノード排ガス９の量は、燃料ガス
４．６、水素７５．６、水蒸気９４．８となり、燃料電
池全体の燃料利用率は、（１６２＋１８９−７５．６）
／（１６２＋１８９）×１００＝７８．５％となり、全
体として高い燃料利用率を達成することができる。For example, in the above-described example, the second
The amount of the anode gas 8 was as follows: fuel gas 4.6, hydrogen 189,
Water vapor 57, and the fuel utilization rate of the second fuel cell 23 is 6
Assuming that it is 0%, the amount of the second anode exhaust gas 9 becomes fuel gas 4.6, hydrogen 75.6, and water vapor 94.8, and the fuel utilization rate of the whole fuel cell is (162 + 189-75.6).
/(162+189)×100=78.5%, and a high fuel utilization rate can be achieved as a whole.
【００２５】[0025]
【発明の効果】上述したように、本発明の燃料電池発電
装置によれば、改質に必要な水蒸気量を大幅に低減する
ことにより、燃料電池に供給される水蒸気の分圧を下げ
て燃料電池における反応を促進し、同時に装置を小形化
することができ、かつ、燃料電池を損傷させることな
く、高い燃料利用率で燃料電池発電装置を運転すること
ができる。As described above, according to the fuel cell power generator of the present invention, the amount of steam required for reforming is greatly reduced, so that the partial pressure of the steam supplied to the fuel cell is reduced. The reaction in the battery can be promoted, the device can be downsized at the same time, and the fuel cell power generator can be operated at a high fuel utilization rate without damaging the fuel cell.
【図１】本発明による燃料電池発電装置の全体構成図で
ある。FIG. 1 is an overall configuration diagram of a fuel cell power generator according to the present invention.
１ 燃料ガス ２ 水蒸気 ３ 第１改質用ガス ４ 第１アノードガス ５ カソードガス ６ 第１アノード排ガス ７ 第２の改質用ガス ８ 第２アノードガス ９ 第２アノード排ガス １０ 第２カソード排ガス １１ 第１カソード排ガス １２ 燃焼排ガス １３ 燃焼排ガス ２０ 第１改質器 ２１ 第１燃料電池 ２２ 第２改質器 ２３ 第２燃料電池 ２４ 減圧オリフィス ２５ エジェクタ ２６ 触媒燃焼器 ２７ 脱硫器 Ｃｏ 燃焼室 Ｒｅ 改質室 Ａ アノード側 Ｃ カソード側 DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1 Fuel gas 2 Steam 3 First reforming gas 4 First anode gas 5 Cathode gas 6 First anode exhaust gas 7 Second reforming gas 8 Second anode gas 9 Second anode exhaust gas 10 Second cathode exhaust gas 11th 1 Cathode Exhaust Gas 12 Combustion Exhaust Gas 13 Combustion Exhaust Gas 20 First Reformer 21 First Fuel Cell 22 Second Reformer 23 Second Fuel Cell 24 Decompression Orifice 25 Ejector 26 Catalytic Combustor 27 Desulfurizer Co Combustion Chamber Re Reforming Chamber A Anode side C Cathode side
Claims (3)
質用ガスを水素を含む第１のアノードガスに改質する第
１の改質器と、 前記第１アノードガスと酸素を含むカソードガスとから
電気を発電する第１の燃料電池と、 燃料ガスに前記第１燃料電池を出た第１のアノード排ガ
スが混合された第２の改質用ガスを水素を含む第２のア
ノードガスに改質する第２の改質器と、 前記第２アノードガスと酸素を含むカソードガスとから
電気を発電する第２の燃料電池と、前記第１改質器に供給される燃料ガスの圧力を下げる減
圧オリフィスと、 前記第２改質器に供給される燃料ガスに前記第１アノー
ド排ガスを混合するエジェクタと、 を備えることを特徴
とする燃料電池発電装置。1. A first reformer for reforming a first reforming gas in which steam is mixed with a fuel gas into a first anode gas containing hydrogen, wherein the first reformer includes the first anode gas and oxygen. A first fuel cell for generating electricity from the cathode gas, and a second anode containing hydrogen as a second reforming gas obtained by mixing the first anode exhaust gas discharged from the first fuel cell with the fuel gas. A second reformer for reforming into gas, a second fuel cell for generating electricity from the second anode gas and a cathode gas containing oxygen, and a fuel gas supplied to the first reformer. Decrease pressure
A pressure orifice and a fuel gas supplied to the second reformer.
And an ejector for mixing exhaust gas .
排ガスを第２のカソード排ガスで燃焼させる触媒燃焼器
を更に備え、 前記第１改質器では、燃料ガスが前記第１燃料電池を出
た第１のカソード排ガスにより燃焼して第１改質用ガス
を改質し、前記第２改質器では、前記触媒燃焼器を出た
燃料排ガスにより第２改質用ガスを改質する、ことを特
徴とする請求項１記載の燃料電池発電装置。 2. A second anode exiting said second fuel cell.
Catalytic combustor for burning exhaust gas with second cathode exhaust gas
The first reformer , wherein the fuel gas exits the first fuel cell.
The first reforming gas burned by the first cathode exhaust gas
And the second reformer exits the catalytic combustor.
Reforming the second reforming gas with fuel exhaust gas.
The fuel cell power generator according to claim 1, wherein
燃料ガスから硫黄分を除去する脱硫器を更に備える、こ
とを特徴とする請求項２記載の燃料電池発電装置。 3. A supply to a first reformer and a second reformer.
It further comprises a desulfurizer for removing sulfur from fuel gas.
The fuel cell power generator according to claim 2, characterized in that:
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP24903992A JP3257604B2 (en) | 1992-09-18 | 1992-09-18 | Fuel cell generator |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP24903992A JP3257604B2 (en) | 1992-09-18 | 1992-09-18 | Fuel cell generator |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| JPH06104000A JPH06104000A (en) | 1994-04-15 |
| JP3257604B2 true JP3257604B2 (en) | 2002-02-18 |
Family
ID=17187097
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP24903992A Expired - Fee Related JP3257604B2 (en) | 1992-09-18 | 1992-09-18 | Fuel cell generator |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| JP (1) | JP3257604B2 (en) |
Families Citing this family (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| DE10059674A1 (en) | 2000-12-01 | 2002-06-20 | Xcellsis Gmbh | The fuel cell system |
| JP5065628B2 (en) * | 2006-07-05 | 2012-11-07 | Ｊｘ日鉱日石エネルギー株式会社 | Indirect internal reforming solid oxide fuel cell system |
| JP5314652B2 (en) | 2010-09-27 | 2013-10-16 | パナソニック株式会社 | Brushless motor drive circuit |
| WO2017026037A1 (en) * | 2015-08-10 | 2017-02-16 | 日産自動車株式会社 | Solid oxide fuel cell system |
Family Cites Families (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JP2791568B2 (en) * | 1988-12-22 | 1998-08-27 | 日揮株式会社 | Fuel cell power generation system |
| JP2929034B2 (en) * | 1990-09-19 | 1999-08-03 | 石川島播磨重工業株式会社 | Molten carbonate fuel cell power generator |
-
1992
- 1992-09-18 JP JP24903992A patent/JP3257604B2/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| JPH06104000A (en) | 1994-04-15 |
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